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The purpose of this study was to understand the role of academic (achievement goal orientation, academic self‐efficacy) and psychological (resilience, test anxiety) variables in predicting transition from primary to secondary education (TEOG) test achievement. Participants were eighth grade students (N = 334) in Istanbul. The data was gathered via 2 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire‐revised, academic self‐efficacy scale, resilience scale for early adolescents, state‐trait anxiety inventory and information form. Results showed that the mastery‐approach, performance‐approach, performance‐avoidance, academic self‐efficacy, psychological resilience, and trait anxiety were significant predictors of TEOG scores of the students. This study showed that the success of the national‐level transition to high school exam in Turkey was strongly associated with academic variables, and also weakly associated with psychological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees are employed in order to achieve the goals of organizations, but they work to meet their individual expectations. If organizations do not meet the expectations of employees, psychological contract breach may occur. At the same time, employees whose expectations are not met perceive that their organization is not keeping its promise and may feel anger and disappointment towards their organization. In addition, they may believe that their organization lacks integrity, and this may result in organizational cynicism This study has been carried out based on the view that psychological contract breach may lead to organizational cynicism within the framework of the aforementioned relationship. Although there are studies on the concepts of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism in the literature, it is the originality of this study that there is no study on white-collar workers in the call center sector. The sample of the study consists of 191 white-collar employees working in call center sector in Istanbul. In this research, questionnaire technique which is a data collection method was used. At the same time, the data obtained in the study were analyzed using the quantitative analysis method in the SPSS program. According to the results of the research, psychological contract breach has a significant and positive effect on organizational cynicism. Besides, it has been observed that psychological contract breach has a significant and positive effect on the dimensions of organizational cynicism (cognitive cynicism, affective cynicism and behavioral cynicism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arakel Tozlian (?-1912), one of the most famous booksellers of Hamidian Istanbul, had significant contributions to the intellectual development of the public. He dedicated his life to the goal of reading more books not only in Istanbul, but also in every corner of the country where Turkish was spoken and undertook a wide range of innovative projects in line with this goal. His initiatives related to reading include opening one of the first modern bookstores in the Ottoman Empire and establishing the dealerships in 24 Ottoman provinces; writing a reading training book reprinted 36 times and revised by Muallim Naci; not only buying and selling books, but supporting young writers by investing in their books and printing them in his own printing press. However, the most important service he did is to prepare the first known special book promotion catalogue in Turkish. This study aims to determine the importance of these publishing catalogues, the first published in 1884, claiming to contain a list of all Turkish books printed up to that time, in terms of Turkish cultural history and their contribution to reading rates and the early problems of publishing in the Ottoman Empire, as reflected in the catalogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]