36 results
Search Results
2. How much does prosody help word segmentation? A simulation study on infant-directed speech
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Emmanuel Dupoux, Reiko Mazuka, Alejandrina Cristia, Bogdan Ludusan, RIKEN Center for Brain Science [Wako] (RIKEN CBS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University [Durham], Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Apprentissage machine et développement cognitif (CoML), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), The research reported in this paper was partly funded by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (16H06319, 20H05617) and MEXT Grant-in-aid on Innovative Areas #4903 (Co-creative Language Evolution), 17H06382 to RM. It was also supported by the European Research Council (ERC-2011-AdG-295810 BOOTPHON), the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-17-CE28-0007 LangAge, ANR-16-DATA-0004 ACLEW, ANR-14-CE30-0003 MechELex, ANR-17-EURE-0017 Frontcog, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, ANR-19-P3IA-0001 PRAIRIE 3IA Institute). ED is further grateful to the CIFAR (Learning in Machines and Brain), BL to the Canon Foundation in Europe, and AC to the JS McDonnell Foundation., ANR-17-CE28-0007,LangAge,Différences dans l'apprenabilité du langage selon l'âge(2017), ANR-16-DATA-0004,ACLEW,Analyzing Child Language Experiences Around the World(2016), ANR-14-CE30-0003,MechELex,Méchanismes d'acquisition lexicale précoce(2014), ANR-17-EURE-0017,FrontCog,Frontières en cognition(2017), ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), European Project: 295810,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110406,BOOTPHON(2012), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
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Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Speech recognition ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Prosody ,Infant-directed speech ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Speech Acoustics ,Task (project management) ,Infant language acquisition ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Learning ,Speech ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Segmentation ,Computer Simulation ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Computational model ,05 social sciences ,Text segmentation ,Infant ,acquisition ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,Word segmentation ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Speech Perception ,Infant language ,Cues ,Heuristics ,Psychology ,Word (computer architecture) ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
International audience; Infants come to learn several hundreds of word forms by two years of age, and it is possible this involves carving these forms out from continuous speech. It has been proposed that the task is facilitated by the presence of prosodic boundaries. We revisit this claim by running computational models of word segmentation, with and without prosodic information, on a corpus of infant-directed speech. We use five cognitively-based algorithms, which vary in whether they employ a sub-lexical or a lexical segmentation strategy and whether they are simple heuristics or embody an ideal learner. Results show that providing expert-annotated prosodic breaks does not uniformly help all segmentation models. The sub-lexical algorithms, which perform more poorly, benefit most, while the lexical ones show a very small gain. Moreover, when prosodic information is derived automatically from the acoustic cues infants are known to be sensitive to, errors in the detection of the boundaries lead to smaller positive effects, and even negative ones for some algorithms. This shows that even though infants could potentially use prosodic breaks, it does not necessarily follow that they should incorporate prosody into their segmentation strategies, when confronted with realistic signals.
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- 2022
3. Urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children from four European birth cohorts
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Marina Vafeiadi, Raquel Soler-Blasco, Mariza Kampouri, Mònica Guxens, Martine Vrijheid, Johanna Lepeule, Llúcia González-Safont, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark Mon-Williams, John Wright, Rosie McEachan, Anne-Claire Binter, Claire Philippat, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Jordi Sunyer, Loreto Santa-Marina, Leda Chatzi, Lucia Alonso, Ainara Andiarena, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Jaume I, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne] (FISABIO), University of Bradford, University of Southern California (USC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), This work was supported by funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–206 n◦308333, the HELIX project]. This INMA cohort was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, PI041436, PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, FIS and FIS-PI18/01142 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI16/00118 and PI17/00663, FIS-FSE: 17/00260, Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, CPII16/00051, and CPII18/00018), from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, and H2020 n◦824989), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430), Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065 and 2018111086), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency through the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023' Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The work was also supported by MICINN [MTM2015-68140- R] and Centro Nacional de Genotipado- CEGEN- PRB2- ISCIII (Spain). The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014, 'Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–15). This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Yorkshire and Humber (UK). The EDEN study was supported by Foundation for medical research (FRM), National Agency for Research (ANR), National Institute for Research in Public health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), French Ministry of Health (DGS), French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A), and Human Nutrition National Research Programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestlé, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), the European Union FP7 programs (ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects), Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Agency for Environmental Health Safety and French National Agency for Food Security (now ANSES), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN), French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM). Core support for Born in Bradford is also provided by the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA, UK). Born in Bradford (BiB) is only possible because of the enthusiasm and commitment of the children and parents in BiB. We are grateful to all the participants, health professionals, schools and researchers who have made BiB happen. BiB receives funding from the ESRC/MRC, the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA) and the National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber ARC (reference: NIHR20016). M. Mon-Williams was supported by a Fellowship from the Alan Turing Institute. Additional funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Science supported Dr Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, and P30ES007048). The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the NHS or the NIHR. None of the funders were involved in designing the study, collecting the data, analyzing or interpreting the data, deciding to submit the article for publication, or the writing of the report., HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [Singapour] (SICS), Bradford Institute for Health Research [Bradford, UK], Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [Bradford, UK] (BTHFT), University of Leeds, Universitat de València (UV), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Binter, Anne-Claire, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus MC other, European Commission, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)
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Urban environment ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Pregnancy ,Cognició en els infants ,11. Sustainability ,GE1-350 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Children ,Motor skill ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Desenvolupament urbà ,General Environmental Science ,SDG 15 - Life on Land ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,Air Pollutants ,4. Education ,motor function ,Cohort ,cohort ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,3. Good health ,Child, Preschool ,Birth Cohort ,Female ,Cognitive function ,Psychology ,Population ,Gross motor skill ,03 medical and health sciences ,children ,Urban planning ,Air Pollution ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Motor function ,cognitive function ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,urban environment ,Confidence interval ,Environmental sciences ,Spain ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Particulate Matter ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Demography - Abstract
[EN]Background: The urban environment may influence neurodevelopment from conception onwards, but there is no evaluation of the impact of multiple groups of exposures simultaneously. We investigated the association between early-life urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children. Methods: We used data from 5403 mother-child pairs from four population-based birth-cohorts (UK, France, Spain, and Greece). We estimated thirteen urban home exposures during pregnancy and childhood, including: built environment, natural spaces, and air pollution. Verbal, non-verbal, gross motor, and fine motor functions were assessed using validated tests at five years old. We ran adjusted multi-exposure models using the Deletion-Substitution-Addition algorithm. Results: Higher greenness exposure within 300 m during pregnancy was associated with higher verbal abilities (1.5 points (95% confidence interval 0.4, 2.7) per 0.20 unit increase in greenness). Higher connectivity density within 100 m and land use diversity during pregnancy were related to lower verbal abilities. Childhood exposure to PM2.5 mediated 74% of the association between greenness during childhood and verbal abilities. Higher exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy was related to lower fine motor function (-1.2 points (-2.1, -0.4) per 3.2 mu g/m3 increase in PM2.5). No associations were found with non-verbal abilities and gross motor function. Discussion: This study suggests that built environment, greenness, and air pollution may impact child cognitive and motor function at five years old. This study adds evidence that well-designed urban planning may benefit children's cognitive and motor development. Acknowledgements We are grateful to all the participating children, parents, practi-tioners and researchers in the four countries who took part in this study. This work was supported by funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-206 n 308333; the HELIX project] . This INMA cohort was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436; PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, FIS and FIS-PI18/01142 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI16/00118 and PI17/00663; FIS-FSE: 17/00260; Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, CPII16/00051, and CPII18/00018) , from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, and H2020 n 824989) , Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Fundacio La marato de TV3 (090430) , Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249) , Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065 and 2018111086) , Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain) . We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Inno-vation and the State Research Agency through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023" Program (CEX2018-000806-S) , and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The work was also supported by MICINN [MTM2015-68140-R] and Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII (Spain) . The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011-2014; "Rhea Plus": Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012-15) . This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Yorkshire and Humber (UK) . The EDEN study was supported by Foundation for medical research (FRM) , National Agency for Research (ANR) , National Institute for Research inPublic health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte sante 2008 program) , French Min-istry of Health (DGS) , French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A) , and Human Nutrition Na-tional Research Programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestle, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS) , French National Institute for Health Education (INPES) , the European Union FP7 pro-grams (ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects) , Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD) ) , French Agency for Environmental Health Safety and French National Agency for Food Security (now ANSES) , Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN) , French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM) . Core support for Born in Bradford is also provided by the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA, UK) . Born in Bradford (BiB) is only possible because of the enthusiasm and commitment of the children and parents in BiB. We are grateful to all the participants, health professionals, schools and researchers who have made BiB happen. BiB receives funding from the ESRC/MRC, the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA) and the National Institute for Health Research York-shire and Humber ARC (reference: NIHR20016) . M. Mon-Williams was supported by a Fellowship from the Alan Turing Institute. Additional funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Science supported Dr Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, and P30ES007048) . The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the NHS or the NIHR. None of the funders were involved in designing the study, collecting the data, analyzing or interpreting the data, deciding to submit the article for publication, or the writing of the report. Data sharing statement The HELIX data warehouse has been established as an accessible resource for collaborative research involving researchers external to the project. Access to HELIX data is based on approval by the HELIX Project Executive Committee and by the individual cohorts. Further details on the content of the data warehouse (data catalogue) and procedures for external access are described on the project website (http:// www.proj-ecthelix.eu/index.php/es/data-inventory) .
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- 2022
4. Exploring the Relationship Between Translation Students’ Personality Characteristics and Their Preference for Using Translation Strategies
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Mohsen Mobaraki, Parisa Imani, Hossein Navidinia, and the paper has received no fundings from any organizations
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Linguistics and Language ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neuroticism ,Language and Linguistics ,Preference ,Personality traits ,translation strategies ,translation students ,Openness to experience ,Translation studies ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
For years, research in translation studies has focused on examining linguistic and sociolinguistic features of the source and target texts, and the active role of a translator as an important agent in the process of producing a target text has been underestimated. However, recently the importance of the influential role of translators and their personal characteristics have been highlighted. Considering this important development, the aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between translation students’ personality characteristics and their preference for using translation strategies based on two translation strategy models proposed by Vinay and Darblenet (1995) and Venuti (1995). For so doing, 100 translation students were asked to answer the NEO FFM Personality scale and choose one of the suggested translations for each of the 69 sentences designed based on the translation models. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) and Smart PLS (3.0) software. The findings indicated that some of the participants’ personality traits like neuroticism and openness to experience had a significant relationship with the use of some translation strategies such as adaptation, modulation and borrowing. The findings were discussed and the implications were made.
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- 2021
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5. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates
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Samantha J. Green, Daria Valente, Zarin P. Machanda, Erica van de Waal, Joan B. Silk, Christopher Young, Daniela Hedwig, Klaus Zuberbühler, Oliver Schülke, Lindsey Hagberg, Sally E. Street, Anna Zanoli, Mary S. M. Pavelka, Martha M. Robbins, Martin N. Muller, Chloe Chen-Kraus, Roberta Salmi, Barbara Fruth, Cristina Giacoma, Isaac Schamberg, Michelle Brown, Louise Peckre, Fredy Quintero, Richard W. Wrangham, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Shreejata Gupta, Gillian King-Bailey, Felix O. Angwela, Eithne Kavanagh, Stuart Semple, Zanna Clay, Melissa Emery Thompson, Claudia Wilke, Camille Coye, Julia Ostner, Cyril C. Grueter, Marco Gamba, Raffaella Ventura, Margarita Briseño-Jaramillo, Hugh Notman, Sophie Marshall, Jérôme Micheletta, Thore J. Bergman, Bonaventura Majolo, Anna H. Weyher, Megan Petersdorf, Valérie A. M. Schoof, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, Kirsty E. Graham, Adriano R. Lameira, Morgan L. Gustison, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Alejandro Estrada, Laura M. Bolt, David Macgregor Inglis, Peter M. Kappeler, Valeria Torti, Claudia Fichtel, Barbora Kuběnová, Stéphanie Mercier, J. Roberto Sosa-López, Katharine M. Jack, Katie E. Slocombe, University of York [York, UK], Nottingham Trent University, Durham University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Yale University [New Haven], University of Exeter, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), No funding was provided specifically for the current paper, but funding which supported data collection at field sites is acknowledged in electronic supplementary material, S11., University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Mountains of the Moon University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Harvard University, Cornell University [New York], Tulane University, Kyoto University, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, Tufts University [Medford], University of Lincoln, Université de Neufchätel (UNIME), University of Portsmouth, Athabasca University (AU), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), University of Calgary, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Georgia [USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Abertay University (Abertay University), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Pretoria [South Africa], and University of Lethbridge
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0106 biological sciences ,Science ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Key (music) ,Style (sociolinguistics) ,social behaviour ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,biology.animal ,ddc:570 ,Behavioral and Social Science ,dominance style ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Animal communication ,Primate ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Research Articles ,Sociality ,QL ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,communication ,QH ,Repertoire ,05 social sciences ,DAS ,QL Zoology ,sociality ,vocal ,C800 Psychology ,vocal, sociality, communication, dominance style, social behaviour ,Dominance hierarchy ,Dominance (ethology) ,communication, sociality, social behaviour, dominance style, vocal ,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships. Publisher PDF
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- 2021
6. EXPRESSION OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND BENEFITS FOR CREATING AN EFFECTIVE MENTORING ENVIRONMENT. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF LITHUANIA AND LATVIA
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Iveta Mietule, Anda Zvaigzne, Inta Kotāne, Rasa Jodienė, Vaida Bartkute-Norkuniene, Sandra Murinska, Vitalija Bartuševičienė, and The scientific paper has been developed with the financial support of the ERASMUS+ project Development and Introduction of a Communication Competencies Model for Enhancing and Maintaining a Business Mentor Network (DICCMEM.2019-1-LV01-KA203-060414).
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ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Knowledge management ,Expression (architecture) ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,business.industry ,Survey result ,communication skills, mentoring ,Communication skills ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the survey results on communication competencies in mentoring in Lithuania and Latvia. In mentoring, it is imperative to examine barriers to communication competencies between business consultants (from now on referred to as "mentors") and start-up entrepreneurs or those intending to start a business (from now on referred to as "mentees") and propose solutions on how to enhance and maintain the business mentor network by utilizing communication technologies.
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- 2021
7. THE VOICE OF THE CHILD: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM IN LITHUANIAN FAMILY SOCIAL WORK
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Roberta Motiečienė, Rasa Naujanienė, Julija Eidukevičiūtė, and This paper resides within a research project called ,Designing the systemic model of child welfare moving from child protection to development of psychosocial support for families' agreement No. S-MIP-19-17. Research is funded by the Research Council of Lithuania.
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Social work ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Lithuanian ,language.human_language ,Developmental psychology ,Child protection ,Welfare system ,child protection, child and family social work, the voice of the child ,Intervention (counseling) ,language ,Psychology ,Welfare ,Qualitative research ,media_common - Abstract
This paper explains the current practices of the child welfare system in the context of Lithuania. In Europe, research on child welfare has a long history; however, the child welfare situation in Lithuania has not been systematically studied, nor has it been provided with the research-based knowledge necessary for the development of the system. Based on qualitative research results, the paper sheds light on how the voice of the child is heard in Lithuanian child and family social work practice. The research participants in the present study were children and family social workers. The research results indicate that adult-centered family social work practices are dominant and the voice of the child is misleading in the intervention process.
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- 2021
8. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS SUPPORT OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
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Gabriela Špinarová, Veronika Vachalova, and The creation of this paper was funded by project TL03000679 Information deficit reduction and the development of imagination of persons with visual impairment through 3D models with auditory elements.
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cognitive processes, digital technologies, visual impairment ,Visual perception ,Action (philosophy) ,Information literacy ,Computational thinking ,Personality development ,Visual impairment ,medicine ,Cognition ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,Digital literacy - Abstract
At present, we increasingly encounter the concept of so-called digital literacy. Digital technologies are constantly evolving in this field and play an important role in human life. They are important not only in the labor market but also in education and human skills development. Digital technologies are thus one of the means by which we can develop the cognitive processes of visually impaired people. We can thus help them to improve a number of areas that are limited due to loss or reduction of visual perception. Especially, thinking, memory, and creating ideas are very important. This contribution was created within the solution of the project TAČR – Reduction of information deficit and development of the imagination of visually impaired people through 3D models with auditory elements in cooperation with the project PIGŽU – Support of information literacy of pupils and teachers. The first of the projects aims to reduce the information deficit caused by the loss or reduction of visual perception in visually impaired people using multisensory action. At the same time, it aims to develop their spatial imagination. The second project then focus on the creation of digital aids, which aims primarily at the development and support of computational thinking. In addition to mainstream primary school pupils, the project also focuses on pupils with special educational needs, including visually impaired individuals. The main output of the project is the creation of aids, including methodologies, using digital technologies. These are technologies such as Ozobot, Blue-Bot, or Bee-bot. The aim of the paper is to acquaint with the project, to provide at least basic information about digital technologies, and especially to describe the possibilities of personality development, skills, and abilities using these technologies in visually impaired students.
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- 2021
9. Evaluating ambiguous offerings
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Rodolphe Durand, Romain Boulongne, IESE Business School, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,History ,Ambiguity ,050402 sociology ,experimental methods ,Polymers and Plastics ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050109 social psychology ,Evaluación social ,social evaluation ,050105 experimental psychology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Categories ,0504 sociology ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Business and International Management ,Métodos experimentales ,Categorias ,media_common ,Ambigüedad ,Experimental methods ,05 social sciences ,Social evaluation ,Data science ,Categorization ,ambiguity ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,categories and categorization ,Psychology ,050203 business & management - Abstract
This paper studies how audience members categorize and evaluate ambiguous offerings. Depending on whether audience members categorize ambiguous offerings based on prototypes or goals, they activate two distinct cognitive mechanisms and evaluate differently ambiguous offerings. We expect that when audiences engage in goal- versus prototype-based categorization, their evaluation of ambiguous products increases. We theorize that, under goal-based categorization, the perceived utility of unclear attributes increases for audiences, which leads them to evaluate more positively ambiguous product offerings. We test and find support for these direct and mediated relationships through a series of laboratory, online, and field experiments. Overall, this study offers important implications for research on product and market categories, optimal distinctiveness, and market agents’ cognitive ascription of value.
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- 2021
10. A graph cellular automaton with relation-based neighbourhood describing the impact of peer influence on the consumption of marijuana among college-aged youths
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Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo, Laurent Dumas, Yusra Bibi Ruhomally, Université de Maurice, Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Versailles (LMV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Mauritius, UoM, and We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Mr Maheshsingh Mungur from the University of Mauritius in the preparation of this work. This work has been conducted under the HEC (Higher Education Commission Mauritius) MPhil/PhD scholarship. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments, which led to the improvement of the paper.
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Statistics and Probability ,050402 sociology ,Relation (database) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,targeted campaigns of prevention ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,02 engineering and technology ,relation-based ,0504 sociology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Set (psychology) ,education ,Recreation ,Neighbourhood (mathematics) ,media_common ,Consumption (economics) ,education.field_of_study ,peer influence ,Applied Mathematics ,Addiction ,05 social sciences ,Marijuana ,Modeling and Simulation ,graph cellular automaton ,Graph (abstract data type) ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
International audience; A novel approach depicting the dynamics of marijuana usage to gauge the effects of peer influence in a school population, is the site of investigation. Consumption of drug is considered as a contagious social epidemic which is spread mainly by peer influences. A relation-based graph-CA (r-GCA) model consisting of 4 states namely, Nonusers (N), Experimental users (E), Recreational users (R) and Addicts (A), is formulated in order to represent the prevalence of the epidemic on a campus. The r-GCA model is set up by local transition rules which delineates the proliferation of marijuana use. Data available in [4] is opted to verify and validate the r-GCA. Simulations of the r-GCA system are presented and discussed. The numerical results agree quite accurately with the observed data. Using the model, the enactment of campaigns of prevention targeting N, E and R states respectively were conducted and analysed. The results indicate a significant decline in marijuana consumption on the campus when a campaign of prevention targeting the latter three states simultaneously, is enacted.
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- 2021
11. Grammatical Gender and Anthropomorphism: 'It' Depends on the Language
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Alican Mecit, L. J. Shrum, Tina M. Lowrey, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series
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Male ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Turkish ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050109 social psychology ,Psycholinguistics ,050105 experimental psychology ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Perception ,Animals ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,psycholinguistics ,Language ,media_common ,Grammatical gender ,05 social sciences ,anthropomorphism ,Gender Identity ,Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Antecedent (grammar) ,language ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Female ,Psychology ,Natural language - Abstract
Consumers often anthropomorphize non-human entities. In this research, we investigate a novel antecedent of anthropomorphism: language. Some languages (e.g., English) make a grammatical distinction between humans (he, she) and non-humans (it), whereas other languages (e.g., French) do not (all objects are gender-marked). We propose that such grammatical structures of languages influence the way individuals mentally represent non-human entities, and as a result, their generalized tendencies to anthropomorphize such entities. Across 10 studies, we provide evidence that speakers of languages that do not grammatically distinguish between humans and non-humans (it-less languages) anthropomorphize more than do speakers of languages that do make this distinction (non-it-less languages). We demonstrate the effects across natural languages (French, Turkish, English) and by manipulating grammatical gender. We show that the effects are observable in naturally occurring consumer contexts (e.g., secondary sales data), and that gender-marking in it-less languages influences consumers’ interactions with brands, even though the gender-markings are semantically arbitrary, and that these effects occur nonconsciously. Our findings have implications for the broader debate on the extent to which language influences thought, and also suggest ways in which managers can leverage nonconscious grammatical anthropomorphism to influence consumer perceptions, attitudes, and behavior.
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- 2020
12. Ups and Downs: The Role of Legitimacy Judgment Cues in Practice Implementation
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Rodolphe Durand, Anne Jacqueminet, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HEC Research Paper Series
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Value (ethics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Strategy and Management ,Subsidiary ,050109 social psychology ,Conformity ,MANAGERIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL COGNITION ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Cognitive dissonance ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,SURVEY, INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT, MANAGERIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL COGNITION, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ,Business and International Management ,Institutional theory ,CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ,Legitimacy ,media_common ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Authorization ,Public relations ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,SURVEY ,INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT ,Multinational corporation ,Corporate social responsibility ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,business ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050203 business & management - Abstract
We explore the way validity and propriety cues contribute to legitimacy judgments about a practice and explain whether the subunit of a large firm increases or decreases the implementation of this practice. Empirically, we examine the extent to which 65 subsidiaries of a multinational enterprise implemented three corporate social responsibility practices. Adopting a set-theoretic approach, we find that both validity and propriety cues are extremely relevant to the understanding of subunits’ implementation of practices over time. The endorsement of a practice in a subunit’s environment plays a particularly crucial role in the extent to which it is implemented, relative to authorization by the parent firm. Furthermore, subunits strongly rely on the active evaluation of the practice’s propriety, such that the consonance between the two propriety dimensions (strategic importance and value compatibility) is central to implementation increase, while dissonance between them can favor implementation decrease. By advancing our understanding of legitimacy judgment formation and practice implementation patterns, our study enriches explanations of organizational conformity and decoupling, and contributes to our understanding of how firms respond to multiple institutional demands.
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- 2020
13. Altering Taste Judgments with Shapes: How and When Shape–Taste Crossmodal Correspondences Can Be Applied in Marketing Designs
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Tina M. Lowrey, L. J. Shrum, Fei Gao, Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series
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sensory marketing ,0303 health sciences ,Crossmodal ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Taste (sociology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,crossmodal correspondence ,05 social sciences ,Context (language use) ,Sensory system ,Cognition ,Sensory marketing ,food marketing ,03 medical and health sciences ,product designs ,0502 economics and business ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Spreading activation ,050211 marketing ,Psychology ,shape symbolism ,Associative property ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Crossmodal sensory correspondences between shape and taste are well-established (e.g., angular–bitter, rounded–sweet). However, the extent to which these correspondences reliably influence consumer taste judgments is less clear, as are the processes underlying the effects. This research addresses both issues. Across seven experiments, we show that whether shape–taste correspondences influence taste judgments depends on their associative strength in memory, and that a significant shape–taste correspondence spontaneously affects taste judgments only when its associative strength reaches a sufficient threshold. We further demonstrate the effects in a child development context, in which children’s age, as a naturally occurring proxy of associative strength, moderates shape–taste crossmodal effects on taste judgments. We also demonstrate that the generation of shape–taste crossmodal effects is driven by a simple spreading activation model that is moderated by associative strength, is highly automatic, and occurs even when cognitive and visual resources are constrained. The findings suggest that 1) managers must go beyond establishing simple crossmodal correspondences to determine whether sufficient thresholds are met, 2) the shape–taste associations can apply to products marketed to older children, and 3) the effects are likely to occur even in cognitively noisy retail environments.
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- 2020
14. Undermining the Restorative Potential of Compensatory Consumption: A Product’s Explicit Identity Connection Impedes Self-Repair
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Nimish Rustagi, L. J. Shrum, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Research Paper Series
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Economics and Econometrics ,Connection (vector bundle) ,Self-concept ,Identity (social science) ,compensatory consumption ,050109 social psychology ,self-threat ,Competence (law) ,Power (social and political) ,materialism ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Product (category theory) ,Business and International Management ,Marketing ,Consumption (economics) ,05 social sciences ,Self repair ,Anthropology ,Rumination ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050211 marketing ,Materialism ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,self-discrepancy ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
When people experience threats to important aspects of their self-concept (e.g., power, intelligence, sociability), they often compensate by consuming products that symbolize success, mastery, or competence on the threatened self-domain (within-domain compensatory consumption). Our research examines whether such compensatory consumption is effective in repairing the self-concept. Across seven experiments, we show that whether compensatory consumption is effective depends on the extent to which the connection between the compensatory products and the threatened domains is made explicit. When the connections are made explicit (e.g., through product names and marketing slogans), self-repair is impeded, but when the connections are only implicit (product is inherently symbolic of self-threat domain), self-repair can be successful. We further show that these differential effects of product connection explicitness are mediated by rumination: explicit connections induce rumination about the self-threat, which undermines self-repair, whereas implicit connections cause no rumination, facilitating self-repair. Our research provides a reconciliation of conflicting findings on self-repair in previous research, and also shows that despite the differences in efficacy, consumers compensate regardless of whether product connections are implicit or explicit, which has implications for consumer well-being.
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- 2018
15. Climate Change Assessments: Confidence, Probability, and Decision
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Richard Bradley, Brian Hill, Casey Helgeson, Haldemann, Antoine, Department of Archaeology, University of Reading (UOR), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series
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History ,021103 operations research ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Management science ,Perspective (graphical) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Climate change ,Vroom–Yetton decision model ,B Philosophy (General) ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Philosophy ,History and Philosophy of Science ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Psychology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed a novel framework for assessing and communicating uncertainty in the findings published in its periodic assessment reports. But how should these uncertainty assessments inform decisions? We take a formal decision-making perspective to investigate how scientific input formulated in the IPCC’s novel framework might inform decisions in a principled way through a normative decision model.
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- 2017
16. INTEGRATING ASSESSMENT AND INSTRUCTION: DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT AND ITS CRITICISMS EXAMINED
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Hosna Hosseini, Behzad Ghonsooly, and The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
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ZPD ,060201 languages & linguistics ,modifiability ,Zone of proximal development ,General Engineering ,Face (sociological concept) ,06 humanities and the arts ,Dynamic assessment ,Epistemology ,Test (assessment) ,interventionism ,constructivism ,Dynamic assessment, Constructivism ,mediation ,Constructivism (philosophy of education) ,dynamic assessment ,0602 languages and literature ,Mediation ,Learning theory ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,General Environmental Science ,Social equality - Abstract
Dynamic Assessment has recently been voiced of constructivism, the socio-cultural theory of learning. This article, challenging the psychometric and product-based test, makes an attempt to delve into the epistemological and ontological theories of Dynamic Assessment (DA) and their criticisms. DA is the offspring of Vygotsky’s theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Feuerstein’s mediated learning experience (MLE). It emphasises constructing a future through mediations. Interestingly, this development-oriented process of collaboration relies on the unification of instruction and assessment which is a strong threat to the reliability of the psychometric tests. This study also deals with the battle of views on DA. It discusses the appealing face of DA embracing ethical values, fairness and social equity, and the process based assessment. It also argues the negative face of DA comprising modifiability, interventionism, and stability. It finally concludes that each system should be criticised by certain criteria. Faced with the scarcity of research both theoretically and empirically, the critical analysis of this new generation of test in an L2 setting might be helpful for further discussions, suggestions and implications in the second language learning arena.
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- 2017
17. Climbing Brain Levels of Organisation from Genes to Consciousness
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Jean-Pierre Changeux, CNRS UMR3571, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This paper received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement No 720270 (HBP SGA1) and SCR 130008 0, 1UE 64102 (HBP ramp up), European Project: 720270,H2020 Pilier Excellent Science,H2020-Adhoc-2014-20,HBP SGA1(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
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0301 basic medicine ,Consciousness ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Brain ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Climbing ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Gene ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Transcription Factors ,media_common ,Epigenesis - Abstract
International audience; Given the tremendous complexity of brain organisation, here I propose a strategy that dynamically links stages of brain organisation from genes to consciousness, at four privileged structural levels: genes; transcription factors (TFs)-gene networks; synaptic epigenesis; and long-range connectivity. These structures are viewed as nested and reciprocally inter-regulated, with a hierarchical organisation that proceeds on different timescales during the course of evolution and development. Interlevel bridging mechanisms include intrinsic variation-selection mechanisms, which offer a community of bottom-up and top-down models linking genes to consciousness in a stepwise manner.
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- 2017
18. Binaural Beats through the auditory pathway: from brainstem to connectivity patterns
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Hector D. Orozco Perez, Guillaume Dumas, Alexandre Lehmann, International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), The authors of this paper would like to thank Pierre Rainville and Bérangère Houze for sharing the E - SAS scales, Mihaela Felezeu for all the help and support during data acquisition and our participants for volunteering their time to perform the experiment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], GD was financially supported by the Institut Pasteur., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM), and McGill University
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Auditory Pathways ,Brain activity and meditation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,binaural beats ,brain entrainment ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Monaural ,050105 experimental psychology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Perception ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Single-Blind Method ,EEG ,10. No inequality ,media_common ,Auditory Cortex ,Brainwave entrainment ,Binaural beats ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,brain connectivity ,Monaural beats ,Electroencephalography ,General Medicine ,Frequency following response ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Cognition and Behavior ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Binaural recording ,Auditory illusion ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article: New Research ,Brain Stem - Abstract
Visual Abstract, Binaural beating is a perceptual auditory illusion occurring when presenting two neighboring frequencies to each ear separately. Several controversial claims have been attributed to binaural beats regarding their ability to entrain human brain activity and mood, in both the scientific literature and the marketing realm. Here, we sought to address those questions in a robust fashion using a single-blind, active-controlled protocol. To do so, we compared the effects of binaural beats with a control beat stimulation (monaural beats, known to entrain brain activity but not mood) across four distinct levels in the human auditory pathway: subcortical and cortical entrainment, scalp-level functional connectivity and self-reports. Both stimuli elicited standard subcortical responses at the pure tone frequencies of the stimulus [i.e., frequency following response (FFR)], and entrained the cortex at the beat frequency [i.e., auditory steady state response (ASSR)]. Furthermore, functional connectivity patterns were modulated differentially by both kinds of stimuli, with binaural beats being the only one eliciting cross-frequency activity. Despite this, we did not find any mood modulation related to our experimental manipulation. Our results provide evidence that binaural beats elicit cross frequency connectivity patterns, but weakly entrain the cortex when compared with monaural beat stimuli. Whether binaural beats have an impact on cognitive performance or other mood measurements remains to be seen and can be further investigated within the proposed methodological framework.
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- 2019
19. Social and non-social autism symptoms and trait domains are genetically dissociable
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Freddy Cliquet, Varun Warrier, Roberto Toro, Hyejung Won, Richard Delorme, Thomas Bourgeron, Anders D. Børglum, Janita Bralten, Claire S. Leblond, Geert Poelmans, Jakob Grove, Ward De Witte, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, David A. Hinds, Simon Baron-Cohen, Toro, Roberto [0000-0002-6671-858X], Cliquet, Freddy [0000-0002-9989-0685], Chakrabarti, Bhismadev [0000-0002-6649-7895], Børglum, Anders D. [0000-0001-8627-7219], Grove, Jakob [0000-0003-2284-5744], Hinds, David A. [0000-0002-4911-803X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department [AP- HP Hôpital Robert Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of Reading (UOR), The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University [Aarhus], 23andMe Inc., V.W. was funded by St. John’s College, Cambridge, and the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust. This study was funded by grants to SBC from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Autism Research Trust, the Templeton World Charity Foundation, and to T.B. from the Institut Pasteur, the CNRS, the INSERM, The Fondamental Foundation, the APHP, the BioPsy Labex and the University Paris Diderot. The research was conducted in association with the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. We also received support from the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. We acknowledge with gratitude the generous support of Drs Dennis and Mireille Gillings in strengthening the collaboration between S.B.-C. and T.B., and between Cambridge University and the Institut Pasteur. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Data obtained from 23andMe was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (grant number R44HG006981). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. GWAS data were generated by Sample Logistics and Genotyping Facilities at Wellcome Sanger Institute and LabCorp (Laboratory Corporation of America) using support from 23andMe. This publication is the work of the authors who will serve as guarantors for the content of this paper. The iPSYCH (The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research) team acknowledges funding from The Lundbeck Foundation (grant nos. R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724), the Stanley Medical Research Institute, the European Research Council (project no.: 294838), the Novo Nordisk Foundation for supporting the Danish National Biobank resource, and grants from Aarhus and Copenhagen Universities and University Hospitals, including support to the iSEQ Center, the GenomeDK HPC facility, and the CIRRAU Center. The project leading to this application has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement no. 777394. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. We thank the iPSCH-Broad Autism Group and the EU-AIMS LEAP group for sharing data. A full list of the authors and affiliations in the iPSYCH-Broad autism group and the EU-AIMS LEAP group is provided in the Supplementary Information., The 23andMe Research Team : Michelle Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Adam Auton, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L. Elson, Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A. Furlotte, Karen E. Huber, Aaron Kleinman, Nadia K. Litterman, Jennifer C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Joanna L. Mountain, Carrie A.M. Northover, Steven J. Pitts, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V. Sazonova, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Vladimir Vacic & Catherine H. Wilson, European Project: 294838,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110310,EIMS(2012), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Radboud university [Nijmegen]
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Male ,DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE ,LD SCORE REGRESSION ,45/43 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Genome-wide association study ,Genome-wide association studies ,Developmental psychology ,FUNCTIONING AUTISM ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heritability of autism ,MESH: Cohort Studies ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,GENERAL-POPULATION ,631/208/366/1373 ,0303 health sciences ,MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,article ,Autism spectrum disorders ,MESH: Reproducibility of Results ,Phenotype ,Autistic traits ,631/208/727/2000 ,Trait ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Psychology ,MESH: Social Behavior ,EMPATHY QUOTIENT ,MESH: Autistic Disorder ,631/208/205/2138 ,Genetic predisposition to disease ,MESH: Phenotype ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR ,Autistic Disorder ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,Social Behavior ,Association (psychology) ,030304 developmental biology ,SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT ,Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7] ,MESH: Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Male ,[SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study ,Autism ,[INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM] ,MESH: Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
The core diagnostic criteria for autism comprise two symptom domains – social and communication difficulties, and unusually repetitive and restricted behaviour, interests and activities. There is some evidence to suggest that these two domains are dissociable, though this hypothesis has not yet been tested using molecular genetics. We test this using a genome-wide association study (N = 51,564) of a non-social trait related to autism, systemising, defined as the drive to analyse and build systems. We demonstrate that systemising is heritable and genetically correlated with autism. In contrast, we do not identify significant genetic correlations between social autistic traits and systemising. Supporting this, polygenic scores for systemising are significantly and positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviour but not with social difficulties in autistic individuals. These findings strongly suggest that the two core domains of autism are genetically dissociable, and point at how to fractionate the genetics of autism., Varun Warrier et al. report a genome-wide association study of systemising, a non-social trait associated with autism. They find 3 loci associated with systemising and show that this trait has no significant genetic correlations to social phenotypic measures, demonstrating that the social and non-social aspects of autism are genetically distinct.
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- 2019
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20. Modelowanie czasu trwania zdarzeń powtarzających się na przykładzie zmian miejsca zatrudnienia
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Wioletta Grzenda, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, Institute of Statistics and Demography, and Wioletta Grzenda, PhD, Assistant Professor at SGH Warsaw School of Economics. Her scientific interests focus on modeling of socio-economic and demographic processes. She is an author of papers on the applications of Bayesian and classical statistical methods in the analysis of fertility and labor market.
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J600 ,lcsh:Marketing. Distribution of products ,model wykładniczy ,General Medicine ,Random effects model ,models with random effects ,model Weibulla ,Termination of employment ,Repeated events ,Weibull model ,modele z efektami losowymi ,repeated events ,zatrudnienie ,lcsh:Finance ,lcsh:HG1-9999 ,employment ,powtarzające się zdarzenia ,Econometrics ,lcsh:HF5410-5417.5 ,exponential model ,Duration (project management) ,Psychology - Abstract
This paper concerns the issue of survival modelling in the case of repeated events. In the modelling of this type of events, attention should be paid to the existence of dependence among the analysed durations, as well as the occurrence of unobserved heterogeneity. One of the ways to include these aspects in the analysis is to use models with random effects. The primary objective of this paper is to present the application of such models to analyse changes in the place of employment. The duration of individual periods of employment for the surveyed employees was modelled. The approach used made it possible to identify factors influencing decisions on job changes, but also to assess the risk of occurrence of events such as termination of employment, and to examine the impact of unobserved heterogeneity on the results of the estimations. W artykule został podjęty problem modelowania czasu trwania w przypadku powtarzających się zdarzeń. W modelowaniu tego typu zdarzeń należy zwrócić uwagę na występowanie zależności między analizowanymi czasami trwania, jak również nieobserwowalnej heterogeniczności. Jednym ze sposobów uwzględnienia w analizie tych aspektów jest wykorzystanie modeli z efektami losowymi. Głównym celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie możliwości wykorzystania tego typu modeli do analizy zmian miejsc zatrudnienia. Modelowaniu poddano czas trwania poszczególnych okresów zatrudnienia dla badanych jednostek. Wykorzystane podejście umożliwiło identyfikację czynników wpływających na decyzje o zmianie miejsca zatrudnienia, ocenę ryzyka wystąpienia zdarzenia, jakim jest rozwiązanie stosunku pracy, oraz zbadanie wpływu nieobserwowalnej heterogeniczności na wyniki przeprowadzonych estymacji. This study has been prepared as part of a project funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, entitled “The modeling of parallel family and occupational careers with Bayesian methods” (2015/17/B/HS4/02064).
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- 2019
21. Do Firms Respond to Peer Disclosures? Evidence from Disclosures of Clinical Trial Results
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Vedran Capkun, Yun Lou, Yin Wang, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and HEC Research Paper Series
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peer disclosure ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G10 - General ,050208 finance ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,05 social sciences ,clinical trial ,Sample (statistics) ,Clinical trial ,JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets ,JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M4 - Accounting and Auditing/M.M4.M41 - Accounting ,proprietary cost ,0502 economics and business ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,050207 economics ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
We examine whether a firm’s decision to disclose non-financial proprietary information depends on peer disclosures of similar information. Using a sample of 5,035 unique clinical trials by U.S. pharmaceutical firms over the 2007-2014 period, we find that the firm is less likely to disclose its own clinical trial results if peers have published clinical trial results pertaining to the same medical condition. Conditional on disclosing clinical trial results, the firm is also less likely to disclose the trial results on time when peers have disclosed their clinical trial results. Our cross-sectional tests suggest that proprietary costs of disclosure play an important role in the relation between peer disclosures and the firm’s own disclosure. In particular, the negative relation is more pronounced when proprietary costs of disclosure are higher. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence on the interplay between peer and own disclosures of non-financial proprietary information.
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- 2019
22. Cross-cultural examination of college marijuana culture in five countries: Measurement invariance of the Perceived Importance of Marijuana to the College Experience Scale
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Pearson, Matthew R., Bravo, Adrián J., Sotelo, Melissa, Henson, James M., Ibáñez, Manuel I, Mezquita, Laura, Ortet, Generós, Pilatti, Angelina, Prince, Mark A., Read, Jennifer P., Roozen, Hendrik G., Ruiz, Paul, Cross‐Cultural Addictions Study Team, Henson, James M., and MRP is supported by a career development grant (K01-AA023233) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). AJB is supported by a training grant (T32-AA018108) from the NIAAA. Data collection was supported, in part, by grant T32-AA018108. NIAAA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Data collection in Spain was also supported by grants UJI-A2017-18 and UJI-B2017-74 from the Universitat Jaume I and grant PSI2015-67766-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). Data collection in Argentina was also supported by grants from the National Secretary of Science and Technology (FONCYT, grant number #PICT 2015-849) and by grants from the Secretary of Science and Technology- National University of Córdoba (SECyT-UNC).
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Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Universities ,education ,Psychological intervention ,Argentina ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bivariate analysis ,Toxicology ,Social norms approach ,Sex Factors ,cross-cultural ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,mental disorders ,Social Norms ,Cross-cultural ,Humans ,Measurement invariance ,Students ,Netherlands ,college students ,Reproducibility of Results ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Marijuana user ,United States ,measurement invariance ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Level of measurement ,Attitude ,Spain ,college norms ,Uruguay ,Female ,Marijuana Use ,Psychology ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,marijuana ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This project was completed by the Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team (CAST), which includes the following investigators (in alphabetical order): Adrian J. Bravo, University of New Mexico, USA (Coordinating PI); James M. Henson, Old Dominion University, USA; Manuel I. Ibáñez, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain; Laura Mezquita, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain; Generós Ortet, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain; Matthew R. Pearson, University of New Mexico, USA; Angelina Pilatti, National University of Cordoba, Argentina; Mark A. Prince, Colorado State University, USA; Jennifer P. Read, University at Buffalo, USA; Hendrik G. Roozen, University of New Mexico, USA; Paul Ruiz, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Marijuana internalized norms, measured by the Perceived Importance of Marijuana to the College Experience Scale (PIMCES; 8 items), has been found to be distinct from marijuana descriptive/injunctive norms and to be a unique robust predictor of marijuana-related outcomes among college students, yet the role of these beliefs has not been studied outside the U.S. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the present work examined the level of measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar) of the PIMCES across five different countries with distinct marijuana-related regulations (i.e., U.S., Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands), sex, and marijuana user status among college students (n = 3424) recruited between September 2017 and January 2018. To make valid comparisons across groups, metric invariance is needed to compare correlations and scalar invariance is needed to compare latent means. We found strong measurement invariance (i.e., scalar invariance) for the PIMCES across countries, across males and females, and across marijuana users and non-users. College students in the U.S. reported the highest levels of marijuana internalized norms compared to college students from all other countries. As expected, males and marijuana users showed significantly higher scores on the PIMCES than females and non-users, respectively. Bivariate correlations between PIMCES scores and other marijuana-related variables were remarkably similar across males and females, though differences across countries warrant further exploration. Taken together, the degree to which college students view marijuana use to be an integral part of the college experience may be an important target for college student marijuana interventions across various countries/cultures.
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- 2019
23. Coping with Loneliness Through Materialism: Strategies Matter for Adolescent Development of Unethical Behaviors
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L. J. Shrum, Elodie Gentina, Tina M. Lowrey, Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haldemann, Antoine, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Research Paper Series
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Economics and Econometrics ,Coping (psychology) ,Passive coping ,050109 social psychology ,Developmental psychology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Adolescent consumers ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Materialism ,Business and International Management ,Practical implications ,Grade level ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Coping strategies ,Consumption practices ,Loneliness ,05 social sciences ,Sharing ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Risky Behaviors ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050211 marketing ,Business ethics ,Adolescent development ,medicine.symptom ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology - Abstract
Engaging in unethical consumption behaviors is an acute societal problem that can have severe consequences for adolescents, and businesses in particular have been accused of making such consumption particularly appealing and accessible. However, the causes of unethical behaviors are not well understood and research on the causes has been mixed. In this research, we investigate the effects of coping strategies for loneliness on adolescents’ adoption of unethical behaviors, a topic that business ethics research has not explored. In a large-scale study (n = 409) of adolescents (ages 13–17), we show that whether loneliness leads to the adoption of unethical behaviors depends on the strategies adolescents use to cope with their loneliness: active coping strategies are associated with fewer unethical behaviors, whereas passive coping strategies are associated with more unethical behaviors. In addition, we show that active and passive coping strategies can be executed through consumption practices. We show that the relation between active coping and fewer unethical behaviors is mediated by sharing of possessions, whereas the relation between passive coping strategies and more unethical behaviors is mediated by product acquisition. Finally, we also show that these mediated relations differ as a function of age cohort (grade level). The indirect effect of active coping on fewer unethical behaviors via sharing holds only for middle school adolescents, whereas the indirect effect of passive coping on more unethical behaviors via product acquisition holds only for high school adolescents. We shed new light on both the bright and dark sides of materialism and unethical behaviors and provide practical implications for research on loneliness, business ethics, and unethical behaviors.
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- 2018
24. An Integrative Model of the Influence of Parental and Peer Support on Consumer Ethical Beliefs: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem, Power, and Materialism
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Elodie Gentina, Gregory M. Rose, Scott J. Vitell, Tina M. Lowrey, L. J. Shrum, Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Research Paper Series
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Economics and Econometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Peer support ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Power (social and political) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,0502 economics and business ,Business and International Management ,media_common ,Mediation (Marxist theory and media studies) ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Social change ,Self-esteem ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,humanities ,Feeling ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050211 marketing ,Business ethics ,Materialism ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology ,050203 business & management - Abstract
International audience; What causes adolescents to develop consumer’ ethical beliefs? Prior research has largely focused on the negative influence of peers and negative patterns of parent–child interactions to explain risky and unethical consumer behaviors. We take a different perspective by focusing on the positive support of parents and peers in adolescent social development. An integrative model is developed that links parental and peer support with adolescents’ self-worth motives, their materialistic tendencies, and their consumer ethical beliefs. In a study of 984 adolescents, we demonstrate support for a sequential mediation model in which peer and parental support is positively related to adolescents’ self-esteem and feelings of power, which are each associated with decreased materialism as a means of compensating for low self-worth. This reduced materialism is, in turn, associated with more ethical consumer beliefs.
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- 2018
25. Have a son, gain a voice: Son preference and female participation in household decision making
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Mazhar Mughal, Rashid Javed, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques (CATT), ESC Pau, CATT Working Paper No. 5, and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA )
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JEL : J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J13 - Fertility • Family Planning • Child Care • Children • Youth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050204 development studies ,intrahousehold bargaining ,Probit ,Ordered probit ,biais de genre ,Development ,[SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography ,JEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C70 - General ,5. Gender equality ,JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J13 - Fertility • Family Planning • Child Care • Children • Youth ,0502 economics and business ,[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances ,Sex selection ,050207 economics ,Association (psychology) ,Socioeconomic status ,Female decision-making ,JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C70 - General ,media_common ,Selection bias ,Consumption (economics) ,Son preference ,05 social sciences ,Gender bias ,1. No poverty ,JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General/C.C1.C13 - Estimation: General ,JEL : D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation ,prise de décision de femmes ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Preference ,JEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General/C.C1.C13 - Estimation: General ,Bargaining power ,Pakistan ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation ,Demographic economics ,préférence pour les garçons ,Psychology ,[ SHS.DEMO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography ,Demography - Abstract
Son preference is common in many Asian countries. Though a growing body of literature examines the drivers and socioeconomic impacts of phenomenon in case of China and India, work on other Asian countries is scarce. This study uses nationally representative survey of over 13 thousand households from Pakistan (PDHS 2012-13) to analyze the effects of observed preference for sons on women’s participation in intra-household decision-making. Four key intra-household decisions are considered: decisions regarding healthcare, family visits, large household purchases and spending husband's income. These correspond to four categories of household decisions, namely healthcare, social, consumption and financial. Probit and Ordered Probit are employed as the main estimation techniques and other determinants of household decision-making are controlled for. Besides, a number of matching routines are employed to account for the possibility of potential selection bias.We find that women with at least one son have more say in household decisions. Bearing at least one son is associated with 5%, 7% and 5% higher say in decisions involving healthcare, social and consumption matters respectively. Women's role in financial affairs, however, does not differ significantly from women with no sons. Female participation in decisionmaking grows significantly with the number of sons but only up to the third parity. These results are particularly visible among younger, wealthier and educated women, and those who got married earlier. The findings suggest a limited improvement in women's bargaining power at home resulting from the birth of one or more sons. This in part explains higherdesire for sons expressed by women compared to men in household surveys.; La préférence pour les garçons est courante en asie. Alors que beaucoup d’étudess’intéressent aux facteurs et aux impacts socioéconomiques de ce phénomène en Chine et enInde, les travaux sur les autres pays asiatiques sont plus rares. A partir d’une enquêtenationale réalisée sur plus de 13 000 ménages pakistanais (PDHS 2012-13), cette étudeanalyse les effets de la préférence pour les garçons sur la participation des femmes auxdécisions prises dans le ménage. Quatre décisions importantes du ménage seront prises encompte : celles relatives aux soins de santé, aux visites de famille, sur les achats du ménage etsur l’affectation des dépenses des revenus du mari. Celles-ci représentent quatre catégoriesdes décisions au sain du ménage : les décisions lié à la santé, aux liens sociaux, à laconsommation et aux affaires financières. Les méthodes Probit et Probit Ordinal sontutilisées pour les estimations de base et d’autres déterminants liés aux décisions prises dans leménage seront pris en compte. De plus, méthodes d’appariment sont utilisées pour tenircompte d’éventuels biais de sélection.Les résultats indiquent que le fait d’avoir au moins un fils a une influence sur les décisions duménage. Le fait d’avoir au moins un fils est associé à une hausse de 5%, 7% et 5% sur lesdécisions impliquant respectivement les soins de santé, les relations sociales et laconsommation. L’implication des femmes dans les finances du ménage ne varie pourtant passignificativement avec celle des femmes sans fils. La participation des femmes dans les prisesde décision augmente avec le nombre de fils mais seulement jusqu’à 3 garçons. Ce résultatentraine une amélioration relative sur le pouvoir de négociation des femmes au sein duménage suite à la naissance d’un ou plusieurs garçons. Cela explique en partie le désir plusfort des femmes d’avoir des fils par rapport aux hommes, selon les enquêtes ménages.
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- 2018
26. Impulsivity-related traits, college alcohol beliefs, and alcohol outcomes: Examination of a prospective multiple mediation model among college students in Spain, Argentina, and USA
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Generós Ortet, Angelina Pilatti, Laura Mezquita, Manuel I. Ibáñez, Matthew R. Pearson, Adrian J. Bravo, Jennifer P. Read, and Dr. Pearson is supported by a career development grant (K01-AA023233) from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and Dr. Bravo is supported by a training grant (T32-AA018108) from the NIAAA. Data collection across all sites was supported, in part, by grant T32-AA018108. NIAAA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Data collection in Spain was also supported, in part, by grants PSI2015-67766-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER) and GV/2016/158 from the Autonomous Government of Valencia.
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Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Mediation (statistics) ,Universities ,Argentina ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,impulsivity ,Toxicology ,Impulsivity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,cross-cultural ,Cultural diversity ,medicine ,Cross-cultural ,Sensation seeking ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Students ,alcohol ,05 social sciences ,college students ,Cognition ,Drinking culture ,Alcohol Drinking in College ,United States ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Attitude ,Spain ,Impulsive Behavior ,Trait ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Alcohol-Related Disorders ,college alcohol beliefs ,Clinical psychology ,Personality - Abstract
Objectives: The present study examined (both cross-sectionally and prospectively) the mediational role of college alcohol beliefs in the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and alcohol outcomes (i.e., alcohol use and negative consequences) among college student drinkers from the United States (U.S.), Spain, and Argentina. Method: A sample of 1429 (U.S. = 733, Spain = 292, Argentina = 404) drinkers (at least one drinking episode within the previous month) completed the baseline survey, and 242 drinkers completed the follow-up. To test study aims, a cross-sectional model was first employed to examine whether the proposed double-mediated paths (i.e., each dimension of impulsivity → college alcohol beliefs → alcohol use → negative alcohol-related consequences) extends across samples with different cultural backgrounds (i.e., structural invariance testing). A longitudinal model was then conducted to assess if college alcohol beliefs prospectively mediate the associations between trait impulsivity and alcohol outcomes. Results: College alcohol beliefs were concurrently and prospectively associated with both greater alcohol use and increased number of negative alcohol-related consequences. These internalized beliefs about college student drinking culture significantly mediated the effects of several distinct impulsivity-related traits on alcohol-related outcomes including urgency (positive and negative), sensation seeking, and perseverance. These findings were invariant across gender and across three countries (Argentina, Spain, and the U.S.). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the modulatory role of cognitive factors on problematic alcohol use among college students with different cultural backgrounds. Our results suggest that, despite the cultural differences exhibited by these three countries, the unique and mediational effects of college alcohol beliefs appear relatively universal.
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- 2018
27. Structured peer-led diabetes self-management and support in a low-income country: The ST2EP randomised controlled trial in Mali
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Assa Traoré Sidibé, Stéphane Besançon, Cyril Ferdynus, Xavier Debussche, Hélène Delisle, Laetitia Huiart, Maryvette Balcou-Debussche, CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre d'Investigation Clinique de La Réunion - INSERM (CIC 1410), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), ONG Santé Diabète, Institut Coopératif Austral de Recherche en Éducation (ICARE), Université de La Réunion (UR), Réseau des universités pour l'éducation à la santé (Réseau UNIRéS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), CRSN/Faculté de médecine Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hopital Universitaire, This work was supported by the Bridges programme of the International Diabetes Federation. BRIDGES (Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems) is a programme initiated by the International Diabetes Federation, and supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes, https://www.idf.org/our-activities/epidemiology-research/bridges.html. The NGO Santé Diabète received the funding (https://santediabete.org/en, Director: SB). The funders were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper or preparation of the manuscript for publication. The authors were independent from study funders., and Univ, Réunion
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Male ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Type 2 diabetes ,Human learning ,Mali ,Biochemistry ,Vascular Medicine ,law.invention ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Learning and Memory ,Diabetes mellitus ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Diabetes diagnosis and management ,Psychology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Health education and awareness ,Blood pressure ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,HbA1c ,Patients ,Endocrine Disorders ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Peer Group ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient Education as Topic ,medicine ,Learning ,Humans ,Hemoglobin ,Developing Countries ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Biology and life sciences ,business.industry ,Self-Management ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Proteins ,Peer group ,medicine.disease ,Diagnostic medicine ,Health Care ,Self Care ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Metabolic Disorders ,People and Places ,Africa ,Physical therapy ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Patient education ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-led self-management education in improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a low-income country (Mali). Methods We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial. A total of 151 adults (76% women, mean age 52.5) with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≥8%), treated in the diabetes consultation units of two secondary health centres in Bamako, were allocated to peer-led structured patient education (n = 76) or conventional care alone (n = 75). The intervention group received 1 year of culturally tailored structured patient education (3 courses of 4 sessions) delivered in the community by five trained peer educators. Both groups underwent conventional diabetes monitoring and follow-up. Primary outcome was the mean absolute change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months. Results 177 education sessions were delivered to the intervention group. Patient attrition was 8%. From baseline to 12 months, the decrease in HbA1c levels was 1.05% (SD = 2.0; CI95%: 1.54;-0.56) in the intervention group compared with 0.15% (SD = 1.7; CI95%: -0.56; 0.26) in the control group, p = 0.006. Mean BMI change was -1.65 kg/m2 (SD = 2.5; CI95%: -2.25; -1.06) in the intervention group and +0.05 kg/m2 (SD = 3.2; CI95%: -0.71; 0.81) in the control group, p = 0.0005. Mean waist circumference decreased by 3.34 cm (SD = 9.3; CI95%: -5.56;-1.13) in the intervention group and increased by 2.65 cm (SD = 10.3; CI95%: 0.20; 5.09) in the control group, p = 0.0003. Conclusions Peer-led structured patient education delivered over 1 year to patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in Mali yielded substantial improvements in glycaemic control and anthropometric parameters. This is of importance for the scaling up of efficient interventions in low-resource settings in the future. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01485913
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- 2018
28. Avoiding a 'big' baby : local perceptions and social responses toward childbirth-related complications in Menabe, Madagascar
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Elliot Rakotomanana, Dolorès Pourette, Carole Pierlovisi, Ranjatiana Randriantsara, Chiarella Mattern, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université d'Antananarivo, Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), The study 'Reproductive health, therapeutic pathways, and healthcare uptake in the Morondava-Menabe region' was founded by Louvain Cooperation and the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar. The 'Study on sociocultural determinants of stunting' was founded by the United States Agency for International Development. We wish to express our gratitude to them., The authors would like to thank Amber Cripps, Astrid Knoblauch, Chris Gordon, Yandé Thiaw and the three reviewers of the paper., and We also thank the NGOs FAFED and FANOITRA. We would like to thank all those who participated in the studies, the fokontany presidents, healthcare professionals, reninjazas and traditional practitioners, and obviously all the women and men who shared their experience with us.
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Adult ,Maternal mortality ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Health (social science) ,Pregnant women's care pathways ,Local knowledge ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Mothers ,Social issues ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Health facility ,Nursing ,Pregnancy ,Health care ,medicine ,Madagascar ,Childbirth ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Qualitative Research ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Focus Groups ,Delivery, Obstetric ,Focus group ,Pregnancy Complications ,Spouse ,Anthropological approach ,Childbirth-related complications ,Female ,Perception ,Traditional birth attendant ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
International audience; In Madagascar, a country where over 60% of deliveries are not attended by a healthcare professional, late or inadequate responses to complications during childbirth account for a great number of maternal deaths. In this article, we analyse local perceptions of birth-related risks and strategies used to avoid these risks or manage complications of childbirth. We conduct this analysis in light of the social meanings of childbirth and the social expectations placed upon women in a context of socioeconomic vulnerability and a challenged public health system. We conducted two separate studies in the district of Morondava (Menabe region) in June 2014 and March 2015, comprising semi-directive interviews with 111 people (59 mothers, 18 members of their immediate en-tourage and 34 institutional or healthcare stakeholders), and eight focus groups discussions-two with community leaders, and six with fathers. The results show that the social pressure exerted on women to give birth without complications leads them to practices aimed at avoiding a "big" baby including dietary restrictions, physical activity, and refusal of iron supplementation intake. During pregnancy, women are usually accompanied by a traditional birth attendant or matron (reninjaza). Further, they use the public health system by attending antenatal consultations. However, women are reluctant to deliver in a health facility, where the practices of health professionals are in discordance with the social realities of women and local beliefs around childbirth. If complications arise, they are explained by social causes. The parturient woman is only taken to a healthcare facility after carrying out rituals and if the problems do not resolve themselves. These findings support recommendations to reduce the cultural distance between health workers and childbearing women, strengthen the collaborations with reninjazas, and inform women and their decision makers (mother, reninjaza, spouse) about nutrition during pregnancy and signs of complications.
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- 2018
29. PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ANOMIA QUESTIONNAIRE (AQ)
- Author
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Jeļena Ļevina, Kristīne Mārtinsone, and The paper was supported by the National Research Program 5.2. 'Economic Transformation, Smart Growth, Governance and Legal Framework for the State and Society for Sustainable Development - a New Approach to the Creation of a Sustainable Learning Community
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Multidimensional model ,Cronbach's alpha ,Convergent validity ,anomia ,deviation from prescribed rules and customs ,social distrust ,estrangement to others ,cultural isolation ,lack of goal clarity ,generalized sense of meaninglessness ,factorial validity ,reliability ,Internal consistency ,Varimax rotation ,Factorial validity ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Confirmatory factor analysis - Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop the Anomia Questionnaire (AQ), which measures different dimensions of anomia and is based on the Levina, Martinsone, and Kamerade (Ļevina, Mārtinsone, & Kamerāde, 2015c, 2016a) integrative multidimensional model of anomia, as well as to determine its psychometric properties. The AQ was developed in Latvian. The sample consisted of 210 Latvian inhabitants aged from 19 to 58 years (27.6 % male, 72.4 % female). The factorial validity of the AQ was established using principal components analysis with Varimax rotation; this yielded six factors, which can be interpreted as Social Distrust (C1), Lack of Goal Clarity (C2), Generalized Sense of Meaninglessness (C3), Cultural Isolation (C4), Deviation from Prescribed Rules or Customs (C5), and Estrangement to Others (C6). All the AQ scales had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha varied from .73 to .86). The reaction and discrimination indices satisfied the accepted psychometric criteria. The further stage of the AQ development would be the confirmatory factor analysis in broader international sample, the concurrent and convergent validity establishing, and test-retest reliability examination.
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- 2017
30. Where Do Market Categories Come from and How? Distinguishing Category Creation from Category Emergence
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Rodolphe Durand, Mukti Khaire, emlyon business school, HEC Research Paper Series, and Haldemann, Antoine
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050402 sociology ,Process (engineering) ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,market category ,strategic agency ,category formation ,Epistemology ,Formative assessment ,Scholarship ,0504 sociology ,0502 economics and business ,Agency (sociology) ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Sociology ,Marketing ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Psychology ,Categorical variable ,Practical implications ,Finance ,050203 business & management - Abstract
This paper reviews several streams of research on market category formation. Most past research has largely focused on established category systems and the antecedents and consequences of categorical positioning (i.e., categorical purity vs. spanning; combination vs. replacement) but relatively ignored the formative processes leading to new categories. In this review, we address this lacuna to posit that scholarship would benefit from clearly disentangling category emergence from category creation. We analytically describe the differences between the two and elaborate the boundary conditions that guide and define which process is more likely to occur in a given market. Our review contributes to illuminating the role of organizational agency and strategic actions in market categories and their formation, which deserve greater attention as a result of their theoretical and practical implications.
- Published
- 2016
31. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FUNCTIONAL MUSIC THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
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Jiří Kantor and The research in this paper was supported by the dean grant project of the Faculty of Education, the University of Palacký in Olomouc (for the year 2016).
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Functional training ,Rehabilitation ,Music therapy ,Multiple disabilities ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flexibility (personality) ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,humanities ,Developmental psychology ,Cerebral palsy ,Intellectual disability ,medicine ,Psychology ,human activities ,Motor skill ,functional music therapy ,motor functions ,multiple disability ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of four case studies in order to elaborate the theory of functional music therapy. In the Czech Republic, the practices of functional music therapy are often used as a type of complementary rehabilitation. Although functional music therapy is based on sound and scientifically substantiated bases, practical applications lack comprehensive and systematic methodology. The aim of this paper is to deepen the knowledge of the links between the application of musical practices and functional development. On the basis of an interpretative approach to case studies (using a content analysis) we identified the objectives in the motor area, types of musical activities, and music therapy practices in persons with cerebral palsy. We also analysed the correlation between therapeutic objectives and musical activities, and set out methodological principles of their application. The outcomes of this study were compared with the results of a previous study by the author focusing on persons with severe multiple disabilities in order to develop a comprehensive theory of functional music therapy. Concerning the results of this comparison, this paper discusses the impact of intellectual disability on the flexibility of application of musical activities during functional training.
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- 2016
32. Heterogeneous Social Motives and Interactions: The Three Predictable Paths of Capability Development
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Flore Bridoux, Rodolphe Durand, Régis Coeurderoy, Haldemann, Antoine, Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), emlyon business school, HEC Paris Research Paper Series, Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, International Strategy & Marketing (ABS, FEB), and Corporate Governance
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Social psychology (sociology) ,Business process ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Deliberate Capability Development ,Motivational Microfoundations ,Behavioral economics ,Business Process Performance ,Multilevel ,Variation (linguistics) ,Development (topology) ,0502 economics and business ,Selection (linguistics) ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social Interactions ,Psychology ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Composition (language) ,050203 business & management ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Research summary: Limited attention has been paid to the crucial role of individuals' motivation and social interactions in capability development. Building on literature in social psychology and behavioral economics that links heterogeneity in individual social motives to social interactions, we explain how the variation, selection, and retention processes underlying a group's deliberate capability development are affected by the composition of the group in terms of individuals' social motives in interplay with the organizational-level motivational levers designed by managers. Our multilevel theoretical model suggests that individual-level heterogeneity leads to the development of capabilities along different paths. For practice, this implies that, according to the composition of the group in terms of social motives, capabilities are more or less technically and evolutionary adequate and a source of business process performance. Managerial summary:We propose that when a group of employees engages in developing one of the firm's capabilities, capability development will follow a different path according to what motivates most of the employees composing the group. We identify and discuss three paths. Two of these paths (convergence and congruence) can help improve business process performance in a stable environment, the third one (open-ended) in a dynamic environment. Our work invites managers to not only think in terms of more or less capability development, but also in terms of capability development path(s): the path(s) in which groups in the firm are currently engaged and the one(s) that are desirable given the firm's objectives and the nature of the environment(s) the firm faces in deploying its business processes.
- Published
- 2016
33. The Role of Cultural Communication Norms in Social Exclusion Effects
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Youjae Yi, Jaehoon Lee, L. J. Shrum, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), HEC Paris Research Paper Series, and Haldemann, Antoine
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Marketing ,Culture ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Differential (mechanical device) ,Helping ,Conspicuous consumption ,Power (social and political) ,Cultural communication ,Conspicuous Consumption ,Communication Norms ,0502 economics and business ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Normative ,050211 marketing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social exclusion ,Sociology ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Psychology ,Social Exclusion ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Previous research suggests that when social exclusion is communicated in an explicit manner, consumers express preferences for helping, whereas when it is communicated in an implicit manner, they express preferences for conspicuous consumption. However, this may not always hold true. In the present research, we put forward a theoretical framework explaining that exclusion effects depend on the extent to which exclusion is communicated in a culturally normative or counter-normative manner, rather than whether it is communicated in an explicit or implicit manner. We show that exclusion communicated in a cultural norm-congruent manner produces preferences for helping, whereas exclusion communicated in a cultural norm-incongruent manner produces preferences for conspicuous consumption. We further show that the differential needs—self-esteem and power threatened by normative and counter-normative exclusion explain these distinct preferences.
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- 2016
34. REFLECTION OF THE ACQUIRED FORMAL EDUCATION OF TEACHERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR VALUE ORIENTATION
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Jiri Kropac, Iva Koribska, and This paper has been funded by IGA project of Palacký University Olomouc: Value of education among the students from different sociocultural environment (Grant number: IGA_PdF_2017_022).
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Czech ,Further education ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Lifelong learning ,formal education ,further education ,lifelong learning ,quality of education ,values ,value orientation ,Social value orientations ,language.human_language ,Pedagogy ,language ,Mathematics education ,Quality (business) ,Psychology ,Theme (narrative) ,media_common - Abstract
The article deals with the value orientation of teachers in the Czech Republic, who attempt to extend their formal education in the process of lifelong learning. The quality of the teacher directly influences the quality of the educational process, therefore the qualification of teachers has become the front theme of the international organisations. Lifelong Learning Centres as parts of the universities offer the programmes for teachers to extend their formal qualification. The primary aim of the article is to analyse teachers’ value orientation reflected by the formal education.
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- 2017
35. Disentangling the attention network test: behavioral, event related potentials, and neural source analyses
- Author
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Guillermo Izquierdo, Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo, Alejandro Galvao-Carmona, Dolores Páramo, María Luisa Benítez, Javier J. Gonzalez-Rosa, Antonio R. Hidalgo-Muñoz, [Galvao-Carmona,A, Hidalgo-Muñoz,AR, Vázquez-Marrufo,M] Psychophysiology Unit (Lab B508), Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. [González-Rosa,JJ] Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain. [Páramo,D, Izquierdo,G] Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain. [Benítez,ML] Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain., This study was supported by Plan Nacional I+D+i (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Government of Spain, PSI2010- 16825), Asociación Neuroinvest and Asociación Sanitaria Virgen Macarena. which has greatly improved this paper, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisioterapia, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
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CNV ,Neurociencias ,Sensory system ,source analysis ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Learning::Cues [Medical Subject Headings] ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes [Medical Subject Headings] ,Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Neurosciences [Medical Subject Headings] ,Event-related potential ,Attention network ,Ssource analysis ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Psychophysiology::Arousal::Attention [Medical Subject Headings] ,Orienting ,Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Electrophysiological Phenomena::Evoked Potentials [Medical Subject Headings] ,Attention ,Original Research Article ,P300 ,Source analysis ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Expectancy theory ,Artificial neural network ,orienting ,Information processing ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Adaptation, Psychological::Orientation [Medical Subject Headings] ,neural networks ,attention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Potenciales evocados ,alerting ,Procesos mentales ,Basic level ,ANT ,Alerting ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Neural networks - Abstract
Background: The study of the attentional system remains a challenge for current neuroscience. The “Attention Network Test” (ANT) was designed to study simultaneously three different attentional networks (alerting, orienting, and executive) based in subtraction of different experimental conditions. However, some studies recommend caution with these calculations due to the interactions between the attentional networks. In particular, it is highly relevant that several interpretations about attentional impairment have arisen from these calculations in diverse pathologies. Event related potentials (ERPs) and neural source analysis can be applied to disentangle the relationships between these attentional networks not specifically shown by behavioral measures. Results: This study shows that there is a basic level of alerting (tonic alerting) in the no cue (NC) condition, represented by a slow negative trend in the ERP trace prior to the onset of the target stimuli. A progressive increase in the CNV amplitude related to the amount of information provided by the cue conditions is also shown. Neural source analysis reveals specific modulations of the CNV related to a task-related expectancy presented in the NC condition; a late modulation triggered by the central cue (CC) condition and probably representing a generic motor preparation; and an early and late modulation for spatial cue (SC) condition suggesting specific motor and sensory preactivation. Finally, the first component in the information processing of the target stimuli modulated by the interaction between orienting network and the executive system can be represented by N1. Conclusions: The ANT is useful as a paradigm to study specific attentional mechanisms and their interactions. However, calculation of network effects is based in subtractions with non-comparable experimental conditions, as evidenced by the present data, which can induce misinterpretations in the study of the attentional capacity in human subjects. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PSI2010- 16825
- Published
- 2014
36. Suicide as a Cultural Institution in Dostoevsky's Russia
- Author
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PAPERNO, IRINA and PAPERNO, IRINA
- Published
- 2018
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