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In this paper, we discuss mathematical modeling opportunities that can be included in an introductory Differential Equations course. In particular, we focus on the development of and extensions to the single salty tank model. Typically, salty tank models are included in course materials with matter-of-fact explanations. These explanations miss the opportunity for students to develop rate of change equations for themselves. In this paper, we highlight an open-ended single salty tank task that provides the foundation for more complicated salty tank models that we also detail herein. Furthermore, we discuss instructional implementation techniques that instructors can use in their classes to meet their specific learning goals.

Mathematics modelling is a vital competency for students of all ages. In this study, we aim to fill the research gap about valid and reliable tools for assessing and grading mathematical modeling problems, particularly those reflecting multiple steps of the modelling cycle. We present in this paper the design of a reliable and valid assessment tool aimed at gauging the level of mathematical modelling associated with real-world modeling problems in a scientific-engineering context. The study defines and bases the central modelling processes on the proficiency levels identified in PISA Mathematics. A two-dimensional rubric was developed, reflecting the combined assessment of the type and level of a modelling process. We identified criteria that enable a clear comparison and differentiation among the different levels across each of the modelling processes. These criteria allow for concrete theoretical definitions for the various modelling processes, introducing a well-defined mathematical modelling framework from a didactical viewpoint, which can potentially contribute to promoting modelling competencies or the understanding of modelling by teachers and students. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.

The theoretical reflection on the nature of school algebra and the development of algebraic thinking from the first educational levels is a relevant topic in mathematics education. In this paper, we first summarize and clarify the positions held on this topic by two theoretical frameworks: the Theory of Objectification and the Onto-semiotic Approach. We identify concordances and complementarities in the respective conceptions of algebra and of the processes of developing algebraic thinking, as a result of applying these frameworks to analyse some students' responses to a task on numerical patterns. We also analyse and compare the didactic models proposed in both theoretical frameworks for developing algebraic thinking. The analysis of the algebraic thinking and learning episodes is also used to illustrate a general discussion on the identity and boundaries of these theoretical frameworks and the possibilities of coordination and integration.

Single-period inventory models with uncertain demand are very well known in the business analytics community. Typically, such models are rule-based functions, or sets of functions, of one decision variable (order quantity) and one random variable (demand). In academics, the models are taught selectively and usually not completely. Students are exposed to applications of selected models and solution aspects usually within the Inventory Control or similar topics. This learning-case oriented paper attempts to provide a fuller coverage of the solution process, starting with mathematical model building, following with calculus-based solution development and ending with an alternative approach through simulation. A special emphasis is dedicated to the learning processes, providing students with a variety of tools selected from Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Statistics and Spreadsheet Technology. The students are expected to benefit from studying this paper to better understand business solving processes. All computational operations are implemented in a spreadsheet program.

Computational Thinking (CT) is pervasive in our daily lives and is useful for problem-solving. Decision-making is a crucial part of problem-solving. In the extant literature, problem-solving strategies in educational settings are often conveniently attributed to intuition; however, it is well documented that computer programmers might even have difficulty describing about their intuitive insights during problem-solving using natural language (such as English), and subsequently convert what has been described using words into software code. Hence, a more analytical approach using mathematical equations and descriptions of CT is offered in this paper as a potential form of rudimentary scaffolding, which might be useful to facilitators and learners of CT-related activities. In the present paper, the decision-making processes during an unplugged CT activity are delineated via Grey-based mathematical equations, which is useful for informing educators who may wish to explain to their learners about the various aspects of CT which are involved in the unplugged activity and simultaneously use these mathematical equations as scaffolds between the unplugged activity and computer code programming. This theoretical manuscript may serve as a base for learners, should the facilitator ask them to embark on a software programming activity that is closely associated to the unplugged CT activity.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used in a wide range of consumer products including photoactive dyes used in thermal paper. Recent studies have shown that dermal absorption of BPA can occur when handling these papers. Yet, regulatory agencies have largely dismissed thermal paper as a major source of BPA exposure. Exposure estimates provided by agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) are based on assumptions about how humans interact with this material, stating that ‘typical’ exposures for adults involve only one handling per day for short periods of time (<1 minute), with limited exposure surfaces (three fingertips). The objective of this study was to determine how individuals handle thermal paper in one common setting: a cafeteria providing short-order meals. We observed thermal paper handling in a college-aged population (n = 698 subjects) at the University of Massachusetts’ dining facility. We find that in this setting, individuals handle receipts for an average of 11.5 min, that >30% of individuals hold thermal paper with more than three fingertips, and >60% allow the paper to touch their palm. Only 11% of the participants we observed were consistent with the EFSA model for time of contact and dermal surface area. Mathematical modeling based on handling times we measured and previously published transfer coefficients, concentrations of BPA in paper, and absorption factors indicate the most conservative estimated intake from handling thermal paper in this population is 51.1 ng/kg/day, similar to EFSA’s estimates of 59 ng/kg/day from dermal exposures. Less conservative estimates, using published data on concentrations in thermal paper and transfer rates to skin, indicate that exposures are likely significantly higher. Based on our observational data, we propose that the current models for estimating dermal BPA exposures are not consistent with normal human behavior and should be reevaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The psychometric properties of the paper–pencil and online versions of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BTMI) were examined in two studies with Latina/o individuals. In Study 1, 316 Latina/o participants completed the BTMI in a paper–pencil mode. The original three-factor model was found to be a poor fit model for the sample. Subsequent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a four-factor model as the best fitting model for the sample. The identified factors were Dangerousness, Social Dysfunction, Incurability, and Embarrassment. In Study 2, the identified best fit model was tested with 280 Latina/o participants who completed the BTMI online. The four-factor model had adequate fit. A series of measurement invariance tests on the fit model supported equal factor loadings, but rejected equivalent intercepts across paper–pencil and online administration methods, though partially equivalent intercepts and residuals were found. Consequently, modality-specific norms are recommended, depending on whether paper–pencil or online venues are utilized for administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the unpredictable effect of context familiarity when students solve real-world problems, this work aims to analyse how certain contexts can be used by pre-service mathematics teachers in the representation and real-world verification of a first-order mathematical model in the classroom in the subject of Ordinary Differential Equations. Specifically, this paper reports a classroom experience in which pre-service mathematics teachers compared the solution of a first-order ordinary differential equations (ODE) with a real-world experimental model. Using documentary records (i.e., students' hand-written solutions and field notes) and a questionnaire on students' perceptions on this classroom experience, qualitative results indicated that the pre-service mathematics teachers' familiarity with an authentic context was a fundamental factor they chose a real-world model to represent the solution of a first-order ODE. Our analysis of the results highlights the importance of integrating familiar real-world contexts for pre-service mathematics teachers to model a first-order ODE, which is one of the fundamental principles of STEM disciplines.

The need to develop consistent theoretical frameworks for the teaching and learning of discrete mathematics, specifically of graph theory, has attracted the attention of the researchers in mathematics education. Responding to this demand, the scope of the Van Hiele model has been extended to the field of graphs through a proposal of four levels of reasoning whose descriptors need to be validated according to the structure of this model. In this paper, the validity of these descriptors has been approached with a theoretical analysis that is organized by means of the so-called processes of reasoning, which are different mathematics abilities that students activate when solving graph theory problems: recognition, use and formulation of definitions, classification, and proof. The analysis gives support to the internal validity of the levels of reasoning in graph theory as the properties of the Van Hiele levels have been verified: fixed sequence, adjacency, distinction, and separation. Moreover, the external validity of the levels has been supported by providing evidence of their coherence with the levels of geometrical reasoning from which they originally emerge. The results thus point to the suitability of applying the Van Hiele model in the teaching and learning of graph theory.

This paper presents an application of the Kalman filter in signal processing in instrumentation systems when the conditions of the environment generate a large amount of interference for the acquisition of signals from measurement systems. The unwanted interferences make important use of the instrumentation system resources and do not represent useful information under any aspect. A simulation is presented using the Matlab tool, which remarkably facilitates the information processing so that the corresponding actions are taken according to the information obtained, taking advantage of the current resources offered by the embedded systems and the required measurements are obtained with enough accuracy.

In the paper, the authors propose a variant of the mathematical model for justifying the optimal ratio of researchers of different categories to conduct scientific research of the highest possible quality in conditions of limited resources. The discrepancy is formulated between the quality of scientific research and the restriction on financial resources, that is, the problem of resource allocation is solved. The relationship between the quality of scientific research and the number of researchers is proposed to be reflected by the canonical parabola equation. A mathematical model is formulated that reflects the essence of the question under study. The problem is solved using the method of Lagrange multipliers. The results of the study are confirmed by a numerical experiment. Resource constraints have always existed. This is especially true now for the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and increasing their combat and mobilisation readiness, which result in the country's defence capability as a whole. Limited funding also takes place in military science. It is very difficult to introduce new full-time positions and divisions. Previously, the number of researchers was justified following regulatory documents when creating scientific institutions and divisions, or by analogy with similar scientific institutions. In other words, the problem was solved empirically or situationally. This scientific study concerns substantiating the number of scientific personnel in conditions of limited resources, taking into account the work that is now performed and will be performed in the future.

This study adopts a holistic single-case design to explain the task design processes of mathematics student teachers (MSTs) regarding History, Theory, Technology, and Modeling (HTTM). A criterion sampling method was used to select nine MSTs who had successfully completed "algorithms and programming" course. Video analyses, written answer sheets, scratch papers, and GeoGebra files were used to obtain data, including the views of MSTs on HTTM task design. Data analysis was performed using a content analysis method based on the theoretical framework of HTTM learning. The results revealed that HTTM design processes included task, focus/origin, problem, design (prototype), results, and approved reports. Furthermore, the mental steps that connected these basic components were found to be investigating, exploring, designing, evaluating, revising, and reporting. One of the key challenges experienced by the MSTs was found to be spending a great amount of time especially while determining a focus. The study has been finalised with a set of suggestions for future designs.

This paper presents a didactic proposal designed through the active methodology of collaborative learning to analyse the effect of the use of numerical simulation of a mathematical model on the learning of differential equations in engineering students. A mathematical model of a vibrating string was used, and the Octave Online platform was used for the numerical simulation. The analysis and assessment of this proposal were carried out in a hybrid, quantitative and qualitative manner, through the design of observation and measurement instruments. The results indicate that, in science, technology, engineering and mathematics programmes, the use of numerical simulation in a collaborative learning environment strengthens student learning and fosters the development of disciplinary and soft skills.

High requirements for professional training of Defence Specialists were and remain the main guarantee of successful functioning of any military structure. Continuous improvement of the educational process in higher military educational institutions is the basis for its transformation to the conditions of the current situation in the world. In the paper, the authors offer an option to determine the number of classroom hours. This project describes approaches to creating a new, modern system of classroom hours, which ensures the continuity of improving the level of professional competence of higher military educational institutions using the nonlinear mathematical model of Weibull-Gnedenko. Organisational and methodological problems were analysed. Because of the analysis of methodological literature, the points of view of teachers and methodologists are compared on the modern methodological work, and a mathematical model was used that established the relationship between the training level of students and the number of academic hours. The proposed model divides the educational process into initial and main periods. The learning process strengthens in the main period. There is a slowdown at the beginning and end.

The research presented in this article is a systematic review of the literature on the assessment of mathematical modeling in the setting of mathematics education published in the previous five years. This research has compiled the current best information from around the world to offer an overview of the assessment of mathematical modeling for pre-service mathematics teachers or mathematics teachers. We followed the approach used in Joklitschke et al. (2021), which involved 10 steps in systematic literature review (SLR). We accessed using Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and mathematics education journals that are ranked 1-10. Based on a full-text analysis of 18 peer-reviewed papers published in English, most of the research was conducted among pre-service mathematics teacher and most of the studies were conducted in Turkey, United States, and Germany. The future trends and opportunities were also discussed. We also found that most test types employed for measuring modeling competency were project, cognitive dimension, holistic approach, and the tests utilized more qualitative approach.

The importance of mathematical problem posing has been acknowledged by many researchers. In this theoretical paper, we want to capture different meanings and aspects of problem posing by approaching it from three different levels: (1) by comparing definitions, (2) by relating it to other constructs, and (3) by referring to research and teaching settings. The first level is an attempt to organise existing definitions of problem posing. The result of this analysis are five categories, which shows that there is no consensus regarding the conceptualisations of problem posing. In the second level, we examine how problem posing is conceived by the research community compared to other mathematical constructs, such as problem solving, mathematical creativity, or modelling. Finally, in the third level, we summarise possible ways of implementing problem posing in research and teaching settings as they are depicted in the relevant literature. Given this broad variance regarding the conceptualisations of problem posing, we attempt to provide some arguments as to whether there is a need for consensus on a commonly accepted concept of problem posing.

This paper gives an overview of the new methods and the last trends considering actuarial mathematics. Based on a few papers that we consider relevant to our topic, we picked the information that is interesting to review. We will discuss different mathematical models and their use in the actuarial calculations for life insurance and non-life insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic cellular automata for rock-paper-scissors games are related to Lotka-Volterra model. Simulations are usually performed by two methods local and global interactions. It is well known that the population dynamics with local interaction is stable, where all species coexist. In contrast, global interaction leads to extinction. So far, theories such as mean-field theory and pair approximation have been presented, but they never explained the stable dynamics in local simulation. In the present article, we apply effective medium approximation (EMA) which has been developed in Physics. The effective medium is determined in a self-consistent way. The EMA theory well predicts the stability of population dynamics. Moreover, it fairly explains the aggregation of each species observed in the stationary state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health education goes a long way in changing people's behavior towards health matters. One of the major roles of health education is the creation of awareness on the "dos" and "don'ts" that pertains to health matters. In northern Nigeria ("north"), many people, particularly in the rural areas, engage in the use of Sakkiya in the treatment of their body swellings. Sakkiya care has been reported repeatedly in the literature to have associated lethal risks on the health of those treated with it. Sakkiya is an act of using a hot pointed metallic tip to puncture a body swelling, with the purpose of achieving a cure. Furthermore, studies had recommended the need for the introduction of community Sakkiya education programs in northern Nigeria to enlightened people on the risks associated with Sakkiya and also inform them about better treatment options. This paper proposes a systematic approach to adopt in organizing an effective community Sakkiya education in the "north". The approach devised in this study was adapted from the Community Action Model (CAM) developed by the Brazilian educationist named Paulo Freire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of shredded paper fire experiments were conducted by means of a calorimeter. The mass loss rate and heat release rate were measured. The flame spread process was recorded, which shows that the flame spread process can be divided into four typical stages, and the mean spread rates along different directions were obtained from the observed combustion process. Based on the mean flame spread rate, a mathematical model for predicting the burning surface as a function of time during the four stages is established. Combining this model with the effective heat of combustion calculated from measured mass loss rate and heat release rate, an improved model to predict the heat release rate as a function of time was developed. In this model, the linear relationship between heat release rate and burning surface is found, and the predicted result agrees well with the measured heat release rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses two aspects of integrating mathematics education with engineering education that may address persistence of engineering majors (and STEM majors more broadly): an emphasis on modeling as a vehicle for more authentic learning activity (Niss et al. 2007), and the need for measures that can support academic units' efforts to collect local data about student attainment of program goals. In this paper, we contribute: (1) a measure for modeling self-efficacy and its corresponding design process; (2) a measure for modeling competency and its corresponding design process; and (3) a preliminary analysis of the relationship between modeling competency and self-efficacy. We argue that such instruments address a genuine need of engineering departments (as well as STEM education researchers) to have a means for collecting local data on students' modeling self-efficacy and competency.

This study examined a cohort of middle school pre-service mathematics teachers' understanding of the rate of change as they engaged in a model development sequence. By adopting a design-based research perspective, a model development sequence on the concept of rate of change has been designed and implemented as part of a mathematical modeling course for pre-service teachers. The data were collected from twenty senior year middle school pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs) through questionnaires, modeling activities, reflection papers, and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis showed that PSTs have difficulties conceptualizing the rate of change and conceiving it as a multiplicative comparison of changes in two covarying quantities. As they frequently employed its percentage interpretation, PSTs experienced additional difficulty conceiving the conventional meaning of rate of change in a population growth context. PSTs generally used motion context as a reference while explaining the rate of change in different non-motion contexts. In general, PSTs developed their conception of the additive rate of change throughout the model development sequence. However, for some PSTs, difficulty in ratio-based reasoning on the rate of change in different non-motion contexts prevailed. We provided some arguments concerning the teaching and learning of rate of change.

Mathematical modelling emphasizes the connection between mathematics and reality -- still, tasks are often exclusively introduced inside the classroom. The paper examines the potential of different task settings for mathematical modelling with real objects: outdoors at the real object itself, with photographs and with a 3D model representation. It is the aim of the study to analyze how far the mathematical modelling steps of students solving the tasks differ in comparison to the settings and representations. In a qualitative study, 19 lower secondary school students worked on tasks of all three settings in a Latin square design. Their working processes in the settings are compared with a special focus on the modelling steps Simplifying and Structuring, as well as Mathematizing. The analysis by means of activity diagrams and a qualitative content analysis shows that both steps are particularly relevant when students work with real objects -- independent from the three settings. Still, differences in the actual activities could be observed in the students' discussion on the appropriateness of a model and in dealing with inaccuracies at the real object. In addition, the process of data collection shows different procedures depending on the setting which presents each of them as an enrichment for the acquisition of modelling skills.

This paper aims at showing a new methodology to assess student learning in virtual spaces supported by Information and Communications Technology-ICT. The methodology is based on the Conceptual Pedagogy Theory, and is supported both on knowledge instruments (KI) and intelectual operations (IO). KI are made up of teaching materials embedded in the virtual environment. The student carries out IO in his/her virtual formation process based on KI. Both instruments of knowledge and intellectual operations can be mathematically modelled by using functions of increasing complexity order. These functions represent the student's learning change. This paper's main contribution is to show that these functions let the student go from a concrete thinking to a formal one in his/her virtual learning process. The research showed that 47% of the students moved from a concrete thinking level to the formal thinking level.

The article combines a theoretical approach to structuring knowledge that is based on the integrated use of fuzzy semantic network theory predicates, Boolean functions, theory of complexity of network structures and some practical aspects to be considered in the distance learning at the university. The paper proposes a methodological approach that takes into account these features. The paper deals with the structuring of project management programs of academic mobility. The features of these projects show their impact on the progress and results of the implementation. It is shown that traditional approaches to solving the problems of academic mobility management applications to integrate the process of setting objectives and planning projects. But due to the complexity of academic mobility programs to solve these problems effectively without decomposing it into components can be managed quite difficult. Therefore, the main idea of this paper is that an increasing the efficiency of the university on the basis of a possible application of rational structuring of academic mobility programs. The features of these projects shows their impact on the progress and results of their implementation and the ways of construction of project management Digital learning systems. The experience of universities of many countries shows that an effective tool to overcome these obstacles is Digital learning, which allows to get all necessary knowledge at any time and in any place. The identity of urgency takes in terms of academic mobility when students and teachers work in another country. The paper presents the analyse of the structure of scientific and methodological basis of project management systems. The model determines the effect of academic mobility project management tools through knowledge of business administration at the progress of the educational projects. In this structure are identified two parts: creation tool to identify knowledge users and how they change, and the creation of information tools effect on these people.

The paper argues that mathematical modeling is the essence of computational thinking. Learning a computer language is a valuable assistance in learning logical thinking but of less assistance when learning problem-solving skills. The paper is third in a series and presents some examples of mathematical modeling using spreadsheets at an advanced level such as high school or early college.

Aim A discussion of the concepts of leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice. Background The need for emotionally intelligent leadership in the health professions is acknowledged internationally throughout the nursing and midwifery literature. The concepts of emotional intelligence and emotional-social intelligence have emerged as important factors for effective leadership in the healthcare professions and require further exploration and discussion. This paper will explore these concepts and discuss their importance in the healthcare setting with reference to current practices in the UK, Ireland and internationally. Design Discussion paper. Data sources A search of published evidence from 1990-2015 using key words (as outlined below) was undertaken from which relevant sources were selected to build an informed discussion. Implications for nursing/midwifery Fostering emotionally intelligent leadership in nursing and midwifery supports the provision of high quality and compassionate care. Globally, leadership has important implications for all stakeholders in the healthcare professions with responsibility for maintaining high standards of care. This includes all grades of nurses and midwives, students entering the professions, managerial staff, academics and policy makers. Conclusion This paper discusses the conceptual models of leadership and emotional intelligence and demonstrates an important link between the two. Further robust studies are required for ongoing evaluation of the different models of emotional intelligence and their link with effective leadership behaviour in the healthcare field internationally. This is of particular significance for professional undergraduate education to promote ongoing compassionate, safe and high quality standards of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Buck converter is a commonly used voltage regulator (VR) structure that supplies power to the load devices and responds to load transients. In most of the applications, the VR is controlled by voltage or current mode control, and some nonlinear approaches are used to improve the transient response which brings more complexities to the closed loop design. To achieve a fast transient response without over-regulation under a load step transient, this paper proposes a digital single-cycle regulation (SCCR) controller, which comprised a fast path, a slow path, and a neutralization path. Unlike the conventional PID control, the neutralization path of the SCCR controller is used to offset the excessive energy change in the first cycle after a load step occurs, which makes the inductor current reach its new static condition in a shorter period of time. The mathematical model of the SCCR control is established in this paper and a scanning algorithm is proposed for the design of the compensator parameters. Experimental results are presented to verify the improvement of the transient response when compared to the conventional and nonlinear PID control, the recovery time is decreased by 64.3% and 43% for load step-up and step-down when compared with nonlinear PID control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, heat conduction from heat sources to tissue has been estimated by complex mathematical modeling. In the present study, we developed an intuitive in vitro skin burn model that illustrates heat conduction patterns inside the skin. This was composed of tightly compressed thermal papers with compression frames. Heat flow through the model left a trace by changing the color of thermal papers. These were digitized and three-dimensionally reconstituted to reproduce the heat conduction patterns in the skin. For standardization, we validated K91HG-CE thermal paper using a printout test and bivariate correlation analysis. We measured the papers' physical properties and calculated the estimated depth of heat conduction using Fourier's equation. Through contact burns of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 seconds on porcine skin and our burn model using a heated brass comb, and comparing the burn wound and heat conduction trace, we validated our model. The heat conduction pattern correlation analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.846, p < 0.001) and the heat conduction depth correlation analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.93, p < 0.001) showed statistically significant high correlations between the porcine burn wound and our model. Our model showed good correlation with porcine skin burn injury and replicated its heat conduction patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I will briefly discuss the history of research-related projects that Mark Burgin and I worked on together. I will then discuss our joint research related to the circle of sense and nonsense. One paper was entitled In a search for deeper meanings: navigating the circle of Sense and Nonsense and in turn articulating logical varieties as knowledge illuminators and the second was entitled In the Circle of Sense and Nonsense, Including A Mathematic Model of Meaning. This research represents a bridge between the media arts and sciences (my artwork) as a means of embodying ideas exploring a particular approach to meaning production and related computation, as well as Burgin's concepts related to logical varieties and mathematical models of meaning. I will refer to the full papers and links because they present a very robust and full articulation of the concepts discussed here. In this paper, I will briefly touch on the areas of research, supply short definitions, and refer to the relevant historical publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Following years of sustained pressure on the UK health service, there is recognition amongst health professionals and stakeholders that current models of healthcare are likely to be inadequate going forward. Therefore, a fundamental review of existing social models of healthcare is needed to ascertain current thinking in this area, and whether there is a need to change perspective on current thinking. Method Through a systematic research review, this paper seeks to address how previous literature has conceptualized a social model of healthcare and, how implementation of the models has been evaluated. Analysis and data were extracted from 222 publications and explored the country of origin, methodological approach, and the health and social care contexts which they were set. Results The publications predominantly drawn from the USA, UK, Australia, Canada and Europe identified five themes namely: the lack of a clear and unified definition of a social model of health and wellbeing; the need to understand context; the need for cultural change; improved integration and collaboration towards a holistic and person-centred approach; measuring and evaluating the performance of a social model of health. Conclusion The review identified a need for a clear definition of a social model of health and wellbeing. Furthermore, consideration is needed on how a model integrates with current models and whether it will act as a descriptive framework or, will be developed into an operational model. The review highlights the importance of engagement with users and partner organizations in the co-creation of a model of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Without a robust evidence base to support recommendations for first aid, health, and medical services at mass gatherings (MGs), levels of care will continue to vary. Streamlining and standardizing post-event reporting for MG medical services could improve inter-event comparability, and prospectively influence event safety and planning through the application of a research template, thereby supporting and promoting growth of the evidence base and the operational safety of this discipline. Understanding the relationships between categories of variables is key. The present paper is focused on theory building, providing an evolving conceptual model, laying the groundwork for exploring the relationships between categories of variables pertaining the health outcomes of MGs.Methods: A content analysis of 54 published post-event medical case reports, including a comparison of the features of published data models for MG health outcomes.Findings: A layered model of essential conceptual components for post-event medical reporting is presented as the Data Reporting, Evaluation, & Analysis for Mass-Gathering Medicine (DREAM) model. This model is relational and embeds data domains, organized operationally, into "inputs," "modifiers," "actuals," and "outputs" and organized temporally into pre-, during, post-event, and reporting phases.Discussion: Situating the DREAM model in relation to existing models for data collection vis a vis health outcomes, the authors provide a detailed discussion on similarities and points of difference.Conclusion: Currently, data collection and analysis related to understanding health outcomes arising from MGs is not informed by robust conceptual models. This paper is part of a series of nested papers focused on the future state of post-event medical reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant dimensional variations may occur in paper-based materials when subjected to changes in moisture content. Moisture induced deformations are governed by the swelling of individual fibres, which is transferred through inter-fibre bonds to the entire fibrous network. Complex interactions between mechanical and hygro-expansive properties take place in the bonding areas, affecting the overall material response. In most network models, the role of these inter-fibre bonds is not explicitly incorporated. This work presents a periodic meso-structural model for the discrete fibrous network, which considers the free-standing fibre segments and inter-fibre bonds. Despite its simplicity, the reference unit-cell enables the incorporation of relevant micro- and meso-structural features such as network structure, fibres and bond geometry and hygro-elastic properties. The proposed model is solved analytically through a proper homogenization strategy, allowing to recover the paper’s anisotropic hygro-mechanical response in terms of effective elastic constants and effective hygro-expansive coefficients, exploiting the coupling at the meso-structural level between hygroscopic and mechanical behavior. A comparison with experimental results obtained from the literature shows that the presented approach is quite accurate in predicting the overall paper response, thereby revealing the influence of several meso-scale parameters (e.g. fibre orientation, dimensions, mechanical strength). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I question whether Wachtel’s assertion that there are gaps in the relational literature and residues of a one-person psychology is little more than a reflection of the relational tradition, which encompasses a multiplicity of perspectives. This notwithstanding, his paper helpfully addresses a neglected dimension of clinical practice and provides the opportunity to explore the evolution of Stephen Mitchell’s thinking about the baby as a psychoanalytic metaphor. In doing so, I briefly, if somewhat tangentially, discuss the structure of the inner world, the role of memory in psychoanalysis, the nature of transference, and the extent to which early experiences with caregivers influence adult intimate relationships. To further illuminate Wachtel’s theoretical and therapeutic model, I summarize Mitchell’s (2000) case study of Connie, focusing on his detailed inquiry into her everyday relationship with her husband. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We summarize the papers published by Einstein in the Annalen der Physik in the years 1902-1904 on the derivation of the properties of thermal equilibrium on the basis of the mechanical equations of motion and of the calculus of probabilities. We point out the line of thought that led Einstein to an especially economical foundation of the discipline, and to focus on fluctuations of the energy as a possible tool for establishing the validity of this foundation. We also sketch a comparison of Einstein's approach with that of Gibbs, suggesting that although they obtained similar results, they had different motivations and interpreted them in very different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims A discussion of partnership in the context of family-centred care in the acute paediatric setting, through a critical analysis of partnership models. Background Paediatric healthcare practitioners understand the importance of family-centred care, but struggle with how to translate the core tenets into action and are confused by several rival terms. Partnering relationships are included in definitions of family-centred care, yet less is known about strategies to fully engage or support parents in these partnerships. A rigorous examination of concepts embedded in family-centred care such as partnership may provide a better understanding of how to implement the broader concept and support exemplary care in today's clinical practice environment. Design Discussion paper. Data sources Electronic search (January 2000 - December 2014) performed on CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts and Psych INFO using keywords partnership, family-centred care and conceptual framework. Eligible references were drawn from the databases, reference lists and expert sources. Eight models met inclusion criteria and had currency and relevance to the acute paediatric setting. Implications for nursing Nurses should continue exploring partnership in various paediatric contexts given the wide-ranging definitions, lack of operational indicators and need for stronger relational statements in current models. An examination of key strategies, barriers and facilitators of partnership is recommended. Conclusion One partnership model had both high overall maturity and best fit with family-centred care principles. All models originate from Western and developed countries, indicating that future partnership models should be more geographically, culturally and economically diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exact solutions for non-Newtonian fluids are rare, particularly for Maxwell fluids [1], such solutions do not exist. Generally, in non-Newtonian fluids, the relation which connects shear stress and shear rate is non-linear and the constitutive relation forms equations of non-Newtonian fluids which are higher order and complex as compared to Navier-Stokes equation governing the flow of viscous fluid. Due to this high nonlinearity, closed form solutions for non-Newtonian fluid flows are not possible for the problems with practical interest. More exactly, when such fluids problems are tackled via Laplace transform technique, often the inverse Laplace transforms of the transformed functions do not exist. Due to this difficulty, the researchers are usually using numerical procedures for finding the inverse Laplace transform. However, those solutions are not purely regarded as exact solutions. Owing the great diversity in the physical structure of non-Newtonian fluids, researchers have proposed a variety of mathematical models to understand the dynamics of such fluids. Mostly, these models fall in the subcategory of differential type fluids or rate types fluids. However, a keen interest of the researchers is seen in studying rate types fluids due to the fact that they incorporate both the elastic and memory effects together. The present comments concern some doubtful results included in the above paper [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses papers on synthetic data published in the previous issue of the journal. Topics covered include the common themes identified in the papers which deal with synthetic data according to the definition commonly used in the statistical disclosure control community, a different approach for data protection based on noise infusion discussed in one synthetic data paper, and a discussion on data dissemination.

The relevance of the study: The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by the intensification of innovative processes in modern economy and in the banking sector, in particular, as one of the most sensitive areas for innovation and innovative types of services and information and communication innovations today is one of the major conditions for ensuring the required level of competitiveness of banks. The purpose of the study: the Aim of this research is to develop methodical approaches to assess the impact of electronic banking service on the economic parameters of the Bank activity. Research methods: The main methods of research are methods of factor analysis, pair correlation, multiple correlation analysis, matrix models, and mathematical modeling. The results of the study: The paper proposes a synthesized variant of the method for assessing of the impact of electronic banking services on the basis of the Internet technologies on the parameters of economic development of banking structure, which is based on a mathematical model of the technology of remote banking services. Practical significance: The paper is intended for researchers studying the problems of assessing of electronic banking services' impact, in particular the development of remote banking services, as well as professionals of the banking sector, dealing with investments and project implementation in its development.

The relevance of research: The relevance of the problem studied is caused by the acceleration of transition of the Russian economy on an innovative way of development, which depends on the vector of innovative sphere of services and, to a large extent, information and communication services, as well as it is caused by the poor drafting of methodical approaches to the effectiveness's evaluation of the processes of information and communication services' commercialization. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to develop a methodic to assess the relationship of basic indicators of projects of information and communication services' development. Methods of the study: The basic methods of research are methods of stochastic factor analysis, method of pair correlation, multiple correlation analysis, matrix models and mathematical modeling. Results of the study: Based on the analysis of traditional methodic for assessing of the cost-effectiveness of projects of information and communication systems' development the paper offers combined method to estimate the dependencies of financial indicators' basic parameters of projects on long-term development of mobile operators in providing of information and communication services. Practical significance: The paper is intended for researchers, teachers and undergraduates studying the problems to assess the effectiveness of the projects' commercialization in the service sector, particularly, in the development of information and communication services, as well as for specialists--mobile operators, engaged in the problems of development projects' investment and implementation.

In this paper the results of a questionnaire about mathematics teachers' inclusion in their teaching of mathematical modelling and problem posing are presented. To make teachers able to choose a coherent teaching method for a mathematical topic, teachers' knowledge of valuable methods for the teaching of mathematics should be fostered. In this sense, studying teachers' practice of modelling and problem posing is crucial in order to know if and which kind of support and professional development they need on such educational strategies. The questionnaire was administrated to Italian in-service mathematics teachers of primary and secondary school. Findings indicate that despite teachers implement regularly some aspects of mathematical modelling in their lessons, they ask more materials to support their preparation and practice. Problem posing, instead, might be more integrated in the classroom work, and consequently in teachers' professional development courses.

This paper demonstrates the learning of software engineering through modeling using Object-Oriented Analysis and Design approach with Unified Modeling Language. An online interview management system case project to the whole class was used to develop the software requirement specification. Through modelling, the processes to be considered in software development were also elaborated, where it starts with the identification of major or basic processes of the domain of application, followed by the identification of activities to be performed under each basic process and, finally, transforming the activities highlighted in the functional requirements presentation. Modeling was practised by students through group case projects, and students were active, engaging and focusing on the learning process in such a way that more than 85.9% of students had the courage to attempt design questions during university examinations.