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A popular area of logistics nowadays is partial cargo transportation. During the assembly of cargo, you need accurate information about the load, and to be able to assess the dimensions, weight and space. This determines the quality of the service provided for road transport partial loads, and a high level of customer confidence. The demand for freight is high, and so is the need to improve freight transport technology and the way information is transmitted, and to find the most appropriate and fastest solutions for transporting freight. Partial loads can be used to transport small loads, resulting in faster freight movement, time savings for the customer, and better quality results in terms of work. The objective of the quantitative approach was to identify gaps in information transfer in part load companies. Improved transfer of information would lead to better targeting and faster loading. Technological improvements in logistics relating to information transfer will facilitate the work of managers and improve the quality of the part load service. A specific request form, where the customer can specify the weight, size and width of the part loads, would avoid additional questions for managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the simulation of two-phase flow dominated by surface tension, accurate surface tension modeling is beneficial to better reproduce and understand the mechanism of interphase flow. In this paper, based on an ISPH-FVM coupling framework, three different surface tension models are implemented and tested respectively, including the generally used continuum surface force (CSF) model, the continuous surface stress (CSS) model and the height function (HF) model. In the present ISPH-FVM coupling framework, the ISPH particle approximate interpolation technique combined with a volume fraction correction scheme is employed to ensure the volume conservation in the computational domain during the information transfer between particles and grids. Meanwhile, the three surface tension models are discretized and calculated by the volume fraction defined on the FVM grid. The volume fraction of the FVM grid is obtained by approximate interpolation of ISPH particles within the grid support domain. Several benchmark cases are tested to verify the performance of three surface tension models in the ISPH-FVM coupling method. The results show that the CSF model and CSS model have less spurious currents and better robustness than HF model under the present coupling method. In addition, the CSF model and CSS model can simulate the flow regime involving complex interface topology changes more accurately than HF model. • An ISPH-FVM coupling method is developed to simulate two-phase flows. • The volume conservation is guaranteed during the information transfer. • Three surface tension models are implemented and compared under the present coupling method. • The CSF and CSS model can get relatively small spurious currents than HF model. • The CSF and CSS model perform well in predicting the complex interface topological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals that feed socially can sometimes better locate prey, often by transferring information about food that is patchy, dense, and temporally and spatially unpredictable. Information transfer is a potential benefit of living in breeding colonies where unsuccessful foragers can more readily locate successful ones and thereby improve feeding efficiency. Most studies on social foraging have been short term, and how long‐term environmental change affects both foraging strategies and the associated benefits of coloniality is generally unknown. In the colonial Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), we examined how social foraging, information transfer, and feeding ecology changed over a 40‐year period in western Nebraska. Relative to the 1980s, Cliff Swallows in 2016–2022 were more likely to forage solitarily or in smaller groups, spent less time foraging, were more successful as solitaries, fed in more variable locations, and engaged less in information transfer at the colony site. The total mass of insects brought back to nestlings per parental visit declined over the study. The diversity of insect families captured increased over time, and some insect taxa dropped out of the diet, although the three most common insect families remained the same over the decades. Nestling Cliff Swallow body mass at 10 days of age and the number of nestlings surviving per nest declined more sharply with colony size in 2015–2022 than in 1984–1991 at sites where the confounding effects of ectoparasites were removed. Adult body mass during the provisioning of nestlings was lower in more recent years, but the change did not vary with colony size. The reason(s) for the reduction in social foraging and information transfer over time is unclear, but the consequence is that colonial nesting may no longer offer the same fitness advantages for Cliff Swallows as in the 1980s. The results illustrate the flexibility of foraging behavior and dynamic shifts in the potential selective pressures for group living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research suggests that (1) politically active firms have an information advantage over firms that do not engage in the political process but also that (2) politically active firms are more likely to disclose policy-related information. We examine whether there are externalities associated with the processing of political information by politically active firms. We study this question in the setting of intraindustry information transfers around earnings announcements. Measuring firms' political activism using campaign contributions, we find stronger intraindustry information transfers from politically active firms to their industry peers. These information transfers are stronger when there is more discussion during conference calls of political topics that have industry- or market-wide implications. Similarly, these information transfers are also stronger when there is greater political uncertainty. Our paper highlights an important information externality related to politically active firms' disclosures and improves our understanding of how politically active firms affect their industries' information environment. Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: D72; M41; M48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Director interlocks occur when a board member or an executive of a firm sits on the board of directors of another firm. As an essential social network application in the business world, interlocking directorates are documented to be non-trivial from the 1930s and continue to gain popularity thereafter. Corporate information and business practices can be transferred to another firm through an interlocking director sitting on both companies' boards. Such information dissemination leads to changes in an interlocking firm's decision-making processes. Existing business research attempts to decipher the underlying reasons why board interlocks become prevalent, how and what information is being transferred through this channel, and the intended or unintended consequences to firm strategic, governance, financing, and accounting practices. We first introduce theoretical research on board interlocks in management and then follow up with empirical evidence in finance and accounting. Since extant studies have not reached a consensus on various consequences of board interlocks, we contribute to the literature by summarizing the findings from multi-business disciplines, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and calling for more research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problems of poor performance and slow convergence of existing symbiotic organisms search（SOS） algorithm in solving discrete optimization problems such as path planning, this paper proposed the virtual multitask SOS（VMTSOS）. Firstly, according to the bidirectional mapping decoding strategy, the transformation between individual continuous spatial position and discrete city sequence was realized; secondly, the idea of multi-task optimization was introduced to construct a virtual multi-task environment, designed multiple populations to optimize the same task simultaneously, and the stagnation threshold controlled the frequency of information transfer between populations. Once the main population reached the stagnation threshold, some excellent individuals in the auxiliary population were replaced with inferior individuals in the main population; finally, the time and space complexity of VMTSOS was analyzed. Experiment results show that VMTSOS converges rapidly to the current optimal solution of each test case when solving most TSP problems, while VMTSOS with multiple groups assistance mechanisms can greatly reduce the optimal total cost when solving cold chain logistics distribution problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the impact of nonequilibrium conditions on the transmission and recovery of information through noisy channels. By measuring the recoverability of messages from an information source, we demonstrate that the ability to recover information is connected to the nonequilibrium behavior of the information flow, particularly in terms of sequential information transfer. We discovered that the mathematical equivalence of information recoverability and entropy production characterizes the dissipative nature of information transfer. Our findings show that both entropy production (or recoverability) and mutual information increase monotonically with the nonequilibrium strength of information dynamics. These results suggest that the nonequilibrium dissipation cost can enhance the recoverability of noise messages and improve the quality of information transfer. Finally, we propose a simple model to test our conclusions and found that the numerical results support our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Frail older patients are at risk for many complications when admitted to the hospital. Multidisciplinary regional transmural agreements (RTA) in which guidelines were set concerning the information transfer of frail older patients might improve outcomes. We aim to investigate the effect of implementation of the RTA on the completeness of the information transfer of frail older patients when admitted to and discharged from the hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in which we collected data from 400 randomly selected hospitalized frail older patients (70+) before the implementation of the RTA, January through March 2021, and after, October through December 2021. The cohort was split up into four groups, which determined what correspondence would be checked (referral letter by General Practitioner (GP) and three groups of 'hospital letters': ED letter upon admittance, clinical discharge letter to the elderly care physician and clinical discharge letter to the GP. We assessed for mention of frailty, a medication list and mention of resuscitation orders. Results: In the period before implementation the mean age of patients was 82.6 years (SD 7.4) and 101 were female (50.5%), after implementation mean age was 82.3 (SD 6.9) and 112 were female (56.0%). Frailty was mentioned in hospital letters in 12.7% before and 15.3% after implementation (p = 0.09). More GP referral letters were present after implementation (32.0% vs. 54.0%, p = 0.03), however frailty was mentioned only in 12.5% before and 7.4% after (p = 0.58). There was a good handover of medication lists from the hospital (89.3% before, 94% after, p = 0.20) and even better from the GP (93.8% before, 100% after, p = 0.19). Resuscitation orders were mentioned in 59.3% of letters from the hospital before implementation and 57.3% after (p = 0.77), which is higher than in the referral letters (18.8% before and 22.2% after (p = 0.91). Discussion: The implementation of RTA improved the number of GP referral letters present; however, it did not lead to other significant improvements in communication between the hospital and the GP's. Frailty and resuscitation orders are still frequently not mentioned in the reports. After a successful reimplementation, the improvements of outcomes could be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current educational approach really implies the need for the existence of various communication skills on behalf of the teacher, skills that represent the basis of the teaching, learning and evaluation system. Didactic communication is an instrumental communication that is based on "a complex, multiphase and multi-channel transfer of information between two entities (individuals or groups) that simultaneously and successively assume the roles of receivers and transmitters signifying desirable contents in the context of the instructive-educational process."This educational process is based on the formal levels imposed by the classical subjects. The subjects of study are ordered vertically according to the school years to be covered, from elementary grades to secondary or university according to uncertain, non-quantifiable criteria in which the subjective components certainly exceed a reasonable threshold. In the same perception one can appreciated the content of the subjects, the differentiated degree of difficulty induced, the informative/formative contribution by age, correlated with the psycho-social quotient of potential subjects. At the level of decisionmakers, there are no corresponding statistical-didactic stage criteria that would prove within the accepted reasonable parameters, the specific gravity of each subject. The introduction of correct ethical and moral systems of interoperable evaluation of the specificity of the subjects in the yearly curriculum will not generate conflict or competitive states of unfair type. The prospective need for knowledge and the application of acquired skills must be corroborated with the objectives to be achieved on all functional levels of the society, namely production, distribution and consumption. It is noted that the present vector complex becomes pronounced atypical, really insufficiently supported by the competent institutions in a world too little formatively coherent. In their completeness, the aspects briefly iterated call for the rethinking of the structural and organizational didactic processes through objective criteria imposed by a real, dynamic, interoperable, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary process, as appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, suppose a pure state | ψ 〉 is subjected to a complete orthogonal measurement. The measurement effectively maps | ψ 〉 to a point (p 1 , ... , p d) in the appropriate probability simplex. It is a known fact—which depends crucially on the complex nature of the system's Hilbert space—that if | ψ 〉 is distributed uniformly over the unit sphere, then the resulting ordered set (p 1 , ... , p d) is distributed uniformly over the probability simplex; that is, the resulting measure on the simplex is proportional to d p 1 ⋯ d p d − 1 . In this paper we ask whether there is some foundational significance to this uniform measure. In particular, we ask whether it is the optimal measure for the transmission of information from a preparation to a measurement in some suitably defined scenario. We identify a scenario in which this is indeed the case, but our results suggest that an underlying real-Hilbert-space structure would be needed to realize the optimization in a natural way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information transfer is vital in improving knowledge and proper technology implementation, especially in agriculture. This paper aimed to describe the information system among the Pangasinan mango contractors. Specifically, it aimed to 1) identify the sources of information for the mango contractors, 2) determine information channels for information transfer, 3) establish the type of information that mango contractors prioritize, 4) determine the challenges and issues in the transfer of information, and 5) recommend interventions to improve information transfer among mango contractors. The study area is Pangasinan, Philippines, the country's top mango-producing province. The research used a purposive sampling of 55 mango contractors covering six mango-producing municipalities. Descriptive statistics and correspondence analyses were employed in the study. Results showed that most mango contractors generally receive information on the production and marketing of mangoes from farm technicians and buyers. They usually get information on production technologies from farm technicians and other mango contractors. Expectedly, they get their information on mango marketing from their buyers. On the other hand, information transfer usually happens through mobile phones and during farmers' meetings. Furthermore, contractors prefer to get information on the buying price of mangoes, followed by the quality requirements of buyers. Contractors also choose to have a face-to-face conversation when obtaining information. The next preference is through text and calls using mobile phones. In summary, mango contractors still prefer the traditional information system through face-to-face conversations, text, and mobile phone calls. This has implications for the implementation of modern technologies used for information dissemination. Mango contractors might not be receptive to new ways of receiving communication, even if the information might be urgent or essential. It is recommended that contractors be trained to use modern communication technologies to make them more receptive to other communication channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methodological approach to controlling the level of intentions about new knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence, which are expressed by organizational systems in the scientific industry and in the real sector of the economy, is investigated. Control is carried out in a digital platform based on semantic databases, which are structured under control concepts, under data entity accounting strategies, under the functions of the implementation management process and under the requirements for the timeliness of data transmission. The novelty lies in the ranking of studies depending on the degree of coincidence of intentions. The practical significance is manifested in the priority provision of new knowledge, which is most significant in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we analyzed the chemical reaction, CH 4 + H - ⟶ CH 4 + H - , using the concept of information channel, which consists in to quantify the amount of information that the system can transfer and receive, to carry out such measures, we used Shannon's entropy defined in position and momentum spaces, the interpretation of the results obtained was also completed by the analysis of Fisher's entropy in position and momentum spaces; our results, permitted to analyze with certain detail how are carried out the process of bond-forming and bond-breaking of the reaction CH 4 + H - . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homeostasis is a precondition for any physiological systemof any living organism. Nonetheless, models of learning and memory that are based on processes of synaptic plasticity are unstable by nature according to Hebbian rules, and it is not fully clear how homeostasis is maintained during these processes. This is where theoretical and computational frameworks can help in gaining a deeper understanding of the various cellular processes that enable homeostasis in the face of plasticity. A previous simplistic single compartmental model with a single synapse showed that maintaining input/output response homeostasis and stable synaptic learning could be enabled by introducing a linear relationship between synaptic plasticity and HCN conductance plasticity. In this study, we aimed to examine whether this approach could be extended to a more morphologically realistic model that entails multiple synapses and gradients of various VGICs. In doing so, we found that a linear relationship between synaptic plasticity and HCN conductance plasticity was able to maintain input/output response homeostasis in our morphologically realistic model, where the slope of the linear relationship was dependent on baseline HCN conductance and synaptic permeability values. An increase in either baseline HCN conductance or synaptic permeability value led to a decrease in the slope of the linear relationship. We further show that in striking contrast to the single compartmentmodel, here linear relationship was insufficient in maintaining stable synaptic learning despite maintaining input/output response homeostasis. Additionally, we showed that homeostasis of input/output response profiles was at the expense of decreasing the mutual information transfer due to the increase in noise entropy, which could not be fully rescued by optimizing the linear relationship between synaptic and HCN conductance plasticity. Finally, we generated a place cell model based on theta oscillations and show that synaptic plasticity disrupts place cell activity. Whereas synaptic plasticity accompanied by HCN conductance plasticity through linear relationship maintains the stability of place cell activity. Our study establishes potential differences between a single compartmental model and a morphologically realistic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to examine strategies used in intercultural encounters by Polish and Turkish students of Foreign Languages (n1=50, n2=50, respectively) who have experienced intercultural communication. Intercultural encounters are viewed as ‘language-inaction’ situations because they provide a rich source of information about linguistic devices used during intercultural exchanges, sources of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and strategies implemented to transfer information or maintain conversational involvement of the interlocutors. This study offers some insights into the frequency and variety of the strategies used in intercultural encounters. It was conducted as a small-scale project, with the Critical Incident Technique and questionnaires administered to collect data. The research participants (C1/C2 levels of proficiency) were supposed to produce written narratives describing the most memorable intercultural encounters and report on intercultural communication strategies. Their narratives were later analysed to identify strategies applied to manage intercultural communication and achieve communicative goals (e.g. maintaining contact and/or conveying necessary information). Research findings show that Proactively seeking clarification and Building intercultural connection or relationship were the most frequent strategies used by these two groups. However, research results also suggest that the choice of strategies depends on such factors as the participants’ level of language proficiency, their cultural background or the quality and quantity of intercultural contacts. Cross-cultural analysis indicates that Turkish students are more socially- and culturally oriented, whereas Polish students display a tendency to focus more on cognitive and linguistic aspects of intercultural encounters. Findings from the study can be of help for educators and trainers involved in researching intercultural communication, strategic involvement and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auditor knowledge is a key element in explaining the supply of audit quality, yet understanding of the drivers of this knowledge in the archival literature is limited. This study uses an archival approach to examine whether the sharing of auditors among firms in banking relationships results in information transfers that improve audit quality. I find that audit quality improves for both borrowers and lenders who share the same auditor office. Specifically, lenders who share an auditor office with their borrowers have more accurate loan-loss provisions, especially lenders with smaller commercial loan portfolios. Borrowers who share an auditor office with their lender are less likely to receive a clean audit opinion just prior to bankruptcy. Overall, these findings are consistent with shared auditors in banking relationships developing client specific knowledge that is transferable across clients and industries. JEL Classifications: G21; M41; M42. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial cargo transportation is a popular field of logistics. When assembling a cargo truck, you need accurate information about the partial load. It is crucial to evaluate measurements, weights, and occupied space. Having such information determines the quality of services and high customer trust. With partial cargo transport we can transfer small cargo units, which enables faster flow with better quality of goods saving customers' time. As each year companies transport more cargo, technologies and ways of transferring information should improve accordingly. Quantitatively, the aim was to find out the shortcomings of information transfer in partial cargo transportation companies. By improving the transmission of information, the work would be carried out more efficiently, and cargo units would be loaded much faster. Companies must improve the information systems used, discover and test the most convenient way of transmitting the information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released membrane vesicles that act as carriers of proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. With various biomolecules and specific ligands, EV has represented a novel form of information transfer, which possesses extremely outstanding efficiency and specificity compared to the classical signal transduction. In addition, EV has extended the concept of signal transduction to intercellular aspect by working as the collection of extracellular information. Therefore, the functions of EVs have been extensively characterized and EVs exhibit an exciting prospect for clinical applications. However, the biogenesis of EVs and, in particular, the regulation of this process by extracellular signals, which are essential to conduct further studies and support optimal utility, remain unclear. Here, we review the current understanding of the biogenesis of EVs, focus on the regulation of this process by extracellular signals and discuss their therapeutic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research allows to have a better understanding of how ICT services are applied in the Provincial Municipality of Rodriguez de Mendoza (hereinafter MPRM), specifically from the perspective of workers. In order to analyze, implement and determine the type of virtual or remote attention that is needed to meet the needs of end users, several categories have been examined for their approach such as municipal resources, specifically its technological platform, the indicator of staff training in terms of knowledge and use of digital services, the indicator of initiation to the end user, taking into account the degree of acculturation. A documentary review, in-depth interviews with workers, end users and experts in the field were used in the research. With the data collected and analyzed, it was possible to conclude that, while the MPRM implemented software and hardware to support the use of Tics services in its internal and external processes during the pandemic in the period 2020-2021, a low level of use and satisfaction among the citizens of the province was identified due to the lack of training programs for staff and end-user caused by lack of inductive training programs for staff and end-user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we analyze a simple chemical reaction, H 2 + H - ⟶ H 2 + H - , employing several entropies definitions which were written using several probability distributions, such as joint probability, mutual probability, and conditional probability. We show, that the equations obtained permit the introduction of the concept of information transfer in a chemical process, in this regard, we also show that such information transfer is related to the bond-forming and bond-breaking process and to the electron correlation phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prerequisites for neurons to function within a circuit and be able to contain and transfer information efficiently and reliably are that they need to be homeostatically stable and fire within a reasonable range, characteristics that are governed, among others, by voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs). Nonetheless, neurons entail large variability in the expression levels of VGICs and their corresponding intrinsic properties, but the role of this variability in information transfer is not fully known. In this study, we aimed to investigate how this variability of VGICs affects information transfer. For this, we used a previously derived population of neuronal model neurons, each with the variable expression of five types of VGICs, fast Na+, delayed rectifier K+, A-type K+, T-type Ca++, and HCN channels. These analyses showed that the model neurons displayed variability in mutual information transfer, measured as the capability of neurons to successfully encode incoming synaptic information in output firing frequencies. Likewise, variability in the expression of VGICs caused variability in EPSPs and IPSPs amplitudes, reflected in the variability of output firing frequencies. Finally, using the virtual knockout methodology, we show that among the ion channels tested, the A-type K+ channel is the major regulator of information processing and transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is a continuous process and bringing change is never easy. When bringing a change, which could be on the principle of Lewin's Change Model, it is important for the change management personnel of the company to make sure that the change sought is well communicated, accepted by all the stake holders to put together their Head, Heart and Hands into it, implemented effectively and in the shortest span of time. The challenge is whether only verbal communication will suffice and the teams will be able to create a visual of the scenario or if the teams are provided a visual process like visual facilitation which helps in creation of the visual expected. This study explores implanting such visual interventions as feedback loops of Vickery's Model of Information Transfer to create a 'Triple Glow' of the information for the acceleration of the change. Outcome of the interventions has been positive and could be added at any stage of the process even if the resources are minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the digitization of information transfer, competences concerning the ability to convert text into a visual form and vice versa (the correct reading of images and interpreting the content contained therein) are becoming of key importance. It is of particular significance from the point of view of entrepreneurs who frequently make business decisions based solely on short reports and charts. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on people aspiring to managerial positions in the future in terms of what skills they have in the field of data visualization. The experiment consisted in the respondents making charts based on a short verbal description of a certain situation. Both the visual form and the substantive content of the charts were analyzed. This allowed the author to identify the most common mistakes made by the respondents, which significantly limit the clarity of the visualization or even make the chart incorrect or only fragmentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing simultaneous wireless power and information transmission (SWPIT) technology used for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is seriously plagued by the interference between the power and information transmission and the complex design of the information transmission and receiving circuits. To combat these problems, this article proposes a novel SWPIT method, which does not need additional information transmitting or receiving coils. The stroboscopic mapping model of the WPT system is established first, and the soft-switching points of the dc–ac inverter are derived and compared for better utilizing deviation frequency enlargement effect (DFEE) to transfer power and information simultaneously. Subsequently, the information detection circuit is designed based on DFEE. The impacts caused by the detection circuit on the power and information transmission are analyzed in detail. Then, the parameters of the detection circuit are optimized for minimizing the mutual interference between the power and information transmission. Finally, a 50 W experimental platform is established to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed SWPIT strategy. The experimental results show that the information transmission rate can reach up to 16 kbps, the load voltage fluctuation can be controlled below 3%, and the efficiency of the whole system can be maintained at 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arctic sea ice has substantially changed over the past four decades, with a large decrease in sea‐ice area and volume. The exact causes of these changes are not entirely known. In our study, we make use of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Large Ensemble. This ensemble consists of 50 members realized with the EC‐Earth3 global climate model and covers the period 1970‐2100. We apply for the first time the Liang‐Kleeman information flow method to analyze the cause‐effect relationships between Arctic sea ice and its potential drivers. We show that recent and future changes in Arctic sea ice are mainly driven by air and sea‐surface temperatures and ocean heat transport. Conversely, changes in Arctic sea ice also considerably impact temperature and ocean heat transport. Finally, we find a progressive decrease in the influence of sea‐ice area and volume on air temperature and ocean heat transport through the twenty‐first century. Plain Language Summary: The Arctic has been warming at a larger rate than the rest of the world, resulting in a substantial loss of sea ice since the late 1970s. This has had and will continue to have an impact on our climate and societies. The exact causes of the ongoing sea‐ice loss are not entirely known, and understanding them is important in order to better prepare our societies for future climate changes. In our study, we apply a relatively novel approach that quantifies the cause‐effect relationships between Arctic sea ice and its potential drivers. We make use of a large range of model simulations performed with the EC‐Earth3 global climate model covering the period 1970‐2100. We find that air temperature, sea‐surface temperature, and the transport of heat by the ocean are important drivers of the ongoing and future retreat of Arctic sea ice. Conversely, changes in Arctic sea ice also affect the three former quantities. Our study demonstrates the performance of causal inference methods in the quest for a better understanding of relationships between climate variables. The geophysical and climate communities could greatly benefit from using these methods more intensively. Key Points: The Liang‐Kleeman rate of information transfer allows quantification of the directional dependence between Arctic sea ice and its driversRecent and future changes in Arctic sea ice are mainly driven by air and sea‐surface temperatures and ocean heat transportThe influence of Arctic sea ice on air temperature and ocean heat transport progressively decreases through the twenty‐first century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer genetics has led to major discoveries, including protooncogene and tumor‐suppressor concepts, and cancer genomics generated concepts like driver and passenger genes, revealed tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Reconstructing trajectories of tumorigenesis using spatial and single‐cell genomics is possible. Patient stratification and prognostic parameters have been improved. Yet, despite these advances, successful translation into targeted therapies has been scarce and mostly limited to kinase inhibitors. Here, we argue that current cancer research may be on the wrong track, by considering cancer more as a "monogenic" disease, trying to extract common information from thousands of patients, while not properly considering complexity and individual diversity. We suggest to empower a systems cancer approach which reconstructs the information network that has been altered by the tumorigenic events, to analyze hierarchies and predict (druggable) key nodes that could interfere with/block the aberrant information transfer. We also argue that the interindividual variability between patients of similar cohorts is too high to extract common polygenic network information from large numbers of patients and argue in favor of an individualized approach. The analysis we propose would require a structured multinational and multidisciplinary effort, in which clinicians, and cancer, developmental, cell and computational biologists together with mathematicians and informaticians develop dynamic regulatory networks which integrate the entire information transfer in and between cells and organs in (patho)physiological conditions, revealing hierarchies and available drugs to interfere with key regulators. Based on this blueprint, the altered information transfer in individual cancers could be modeled and possible targeted (combo)therapies proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been applied to fields as diverse as medical, electronic devices and transportation because of its convenience, safety and aesthetics. In particular, electric vehicles (EVs) that have emerged to replace internal combustion engines, which cause environmental pollution problems, are most suitable for applying WPT. Not only does convenience increase by eliminating charging cables, but the issue of heavy batteries can also be resolved by using dynamic WPT technology, which allows charging of batteries while driving. Furthermore, if dynamic WPT technology and autonomous driving technology are applied together to EVs, the driver’s convenience with regard to charging as well as driving will be greatly improved. In this paper, we propose a multi-purpose sensor coil system for use with dynamic WPT in an EV. Sensor coils detect any misalignment between the source coil and the load coil that occurs while the vehicle is being driven. Furthermore, the proposed system uses sensor coils and ferrite bars to transfer information, such as the lanes which vehicles are being driven. By transferring information, the proposed system can provide the benefits of autonomous driving technology as well as WPT technology. We theoretically analyze the proposed method and confirm that it can play two roles through simulations and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a special multitasking optimization problem (MTOP) called the competitive MTOP (CMTOP). Its distinctive characteristics are that all tasks’ objectives are comparable, and its optimal solution is the best one among the optimal solutions of all the individual problems. This article proposes an evolutionary algorithm with an online resource allocation strategy and an adaptive information transfer mechanism to solve the CMTOP. The experimental results on benchmark and real-world problems show that our proposed algorithm is effective and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increased empirical attention, theory on bots and how they act to disseminate information on social media remains poorly understood. Our study leverages the conduit brokerage perspective and the findings of a multiple case study to develop a novel framework of algorithmic conduit brokerage for understanding information dissemination by bots and the design choices that may influence their actions. Algorithmic conduit brokerage encompasses two intertwined processes. The first process, algorithmic social alertness, relies on bot activity to curate and reconfigure information. Algorithmic social alertness is significant because it involves action triggers that dictate the kinds of information being searched, discovered, and retrieved by bots. The second process, algorithmic social transmission, relies on bot activity to embellish and distribute the information curated. Algorithmic social transmission is important because it can broaden the reach of information disseminated by bots through increased discoverability and directed targeting. The two algorithmic conduit brokerage processes we offer are unique to bots and distinct from the original conceptualization of conduit brokerage, which is rooted in human activity. First, since bots lack the human ability of sensemaking and are instead fueled by automation and action triggers rather than by emotions, algorithmic conduit brokerage is more invariant and reliable than human conduit brokerage. Second, automation increases the speed and scale of information curation and transfer, making algorithmic conduit brokerage not only more consistent but also faster and more extensive. Third, algorithmic conduit brokerage includes a set of new concepts (e.g., action triggers and rapid scaling) that are specific to bots and therefore not applicable to human conduit brokerage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing evidence of social information transfer about predation risk in foraging animal groups. However, little is known about whether individuals also acquire such information from non-members of their own group. We experimentally manipulated the perceived threat and heterospecific cues about low predation risk in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus, by presenting stuffed dummies of the Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, and the Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus, at the feeder. Data were collected during winter 2016/2017 in two private yards in south-west and north Slovakia, where 1677 individuals in 83 flocks were observed at two feeders. We found no evidence for heterospecific information use in foraging single-species flocks of house sparrows. We suggest that strong bonds created among flock members may explain the observed pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the moderated confidence hypothesis (MCH) to investigate overreaction and underreaction in intra-industry earnings information transfers in an international setting. MCH predicts that late announcing firms' investors overreact (underreact) to early announcing industry peers' earnings news when early announcing peers' earnings news is imprecise (precise) signals of late announcing firms' earnings. Consistent with this notion, we find that late announcing firms' investors overreact to early announcing peers' earnings news in a large sample of international firms. To the extent that the country-level information environment and culture share the precision of peers' earnings as signals of each other's earnings, we find that late announcing firms' investors are more likely to underreact in countries with a richer information environment, are more likely to overreact in countries with higher individualism, and are less likely to overreact in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance. JEL Classifications: M41; G41; G15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The function of brain circuits relies on high-fidelity information transfer within neurons. Synaptic inputs arrive primarily at dendrites, where they undergo integration and summation throughout the somatodendritic domain, ultimately leading to the generation of precise patterns of action potentials. Emerging evidence suggests that the ability of neurons to transfer synaptic information and modulate their output is impaired in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders including Fragile X Syndrome. In this review we summarise recent findings that have revealed the pathophysiological and plasticity mechanisms that alter the ability of neurons in sensory and limbic circuits to reliably code information in the absence of FMRP. We examine which aspects of this transform may result directly from the loss of FMRP and those that a result from compensatory or homeostatic alterations to neuronal function. Dissection of the mechanisms leading to altered input-output function of neurons in the absence of FMRP and their effects on regulating neuronal plasticity throughout development could have important implications for potential therapies for Fragile X Syndrome, including directing the timing and duration of different treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências da Administração is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ciencias da Administracao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study takes a novel quantitative approach to examine whether the change mechanisms hypothesized by conceptual change theories are involved in reconceptualizing teaching from a teacher-centred to a student-centred approach. We assessed changes in approaches to teaching, measured with the Approaches to Teaching Inventory-Revised (ATI-R), in emerging higher education faculty (N = 99) after a professional learning seminar. Latent variable analyses revealed coherent and interpretable changes in the underlying factor structure of the ATI-R, with students demonstrating more differentiated teacher-centred and student-centred concepts after the intervention. These changes are interpreted as a structural revision of approaches to teaching, consistent with conceptual change theories. Our observations not only support the importance of conceptual change in approaches to teaching but point to change mechanisms so that professional learning programmes may explicitly target them mechanisms to effect these desired changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Herald of Journalism / Habaršy Žurnalistika Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The control loop model and a new method for reproducing information transfer processes in the digital platform ecosystem are developed and proposed. The presented innovative solutions are based on a semantic model created for the functional architecture of a component in the ecosystem of a digital platform that provides information interaction of organizational systems. The novelty of the method is to provide the possibility of coordinated centralized management in a single information management environment of the digital platform ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 technologies have capacities to improve competitiveness in the logistics chain by taking advantage of information flow through the logistics processes. This paper aims to determine the influence of effective and new information flow on logistics management in Nigeria. The methodology used in this study includes; the quantitative methodology, a mean item score, exploratory factor analysis, normality test, and Man-Whitney test. Findings revealed negotiating better contracts, better product tracking, better quality logistics information flow, expanded network, and enhanced information transfer as the top five effect of information flow on logistics management in Nigeria. It is recommended that Nigerian companies engaging in logistics activities need to adopt industry 4.0 technologies to aid effective and new information flow in their logistics management processes. Finally, the growth of logistics firm and its ability to compete depend on effective information flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the article is to determine how the bankruptcy filing announcement of a stock-listed company affects the market valuation of its competitors, depending on the sector characteristic. An event study was conducted on the example of returns to shares of companies comprised in the WIG index and operating in 9 sectors. It is indicated that the bankruptcy filing announcement is quickly (within one day) incorporated into the share prices of competitors of the announcing firm. It is confirmed that the direction of market reaction toward share prices of competitors is differentiated by the characteristics of the sector. Averaged results show that the competitive effect occurs in the sectors with a high level of concentration, while the contagion effect is noted in sectors with low concentration. Companies from sectors characterized by low leverage experience the competitive effect. No information transfer was found for a group of companies in sectors characterized by high leverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new analytic and numerical analysis of signalling games that give rise to informational bottlenecks – that is to say, signalling games with more state/act pairs than available signals to communicate information about the world. I show via simulation that agents learning to coordinate tend to favour partitions of nature which provide maximal information transfer. This is true despite the fact that nothing from an initial analysis of the stability properties of the underlying signalling game suggests that this should be the case. As a first pass to explain this, I note that the underlying structure of our model favours maximal information transfer in regard to the simple combinatorial properties of how the agents might partition nature into kinds. However, I suggest that this does not perfectly capture the empirical results; thus, several open questions remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial patterns in moving fish shoals originate from social interactions and are driven by factors that benefit individuals, such as predator avoidance or reduced energy expenditure. How shoaling is influenced by the presence and absence of a flow field is only partially understood. Adopting a reductionist approach, time spent shoaling, shoal structure and information transfer between pairs (the smallest subsystem of a shoal) of Eurasian minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus , were investigated in a recirculating flume in the absence (control) and presence of flow (low and high). Minnows spent more time shoaling under high-flow conditions. The pairs tended to swim in a tandem and side-by-side configuration under static and high flow, respectively, while under low flow, the neighbour's position was more uniformly distributed around the focal fish. Our approach involved analysis of fish accelerations and velocity correlations and indicated that, with the potential for hydrodynamic masking in flowing water, the relative positions adopted reflect the individual's propensity to increase information transfer with its neighbour by visual means so that an energy-efficient configuration can be maintained. Conversely, when the energetic benefits of a side-by-side configuration are lost in the absence of flow, fish limit the costs of the partial visual impediment (on one side) imposed by the presence of a close neighbour by employing a 'follow-the-leader' tactic. • Swimming minnow pairs were recorded in static and flowing water. • Minnow pairs adopted a side-by-side configuration in flowing water. • A side-by-side configuration led to effective bidirectional information transfer. • Shoaling was reduced in the absence of flow and fish adopted positions in tandem. • Information transfer was unidirectional (front-to-back) in tandem configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a survey article on the information transmission capability of haptic devices and ways of maximizing it. It is intended for readers who are engineering professionals interested in developing novel haptic interfaces for a variety of applications but are not necessarily trained in haptic science or human user research. We posit that the ultimate goal of any interface is the exchange of information between a machine and a user, and as such, the evaluation should involve estimating the information-transmission capability with human users. We conducted a literature survey on studies of haptic devices evaluated with human users using an information theoretic framework. Our goal was to discover and summarize best practices that can lead to high information transmission. The results confirmed findings from our own previous studies, uncovered new ways to effectively increase information transmission, and pointed to the need for broader dissemination of proper experimental methodology. We, therefore, present a concise yet comprehensive tutorial on psychophysical methodology for estimating information transfer (IT) and IT rate with humans, survey results on the typical IT achievable with haptic devices, and guidelines for maximizing information transmission with any human–machine interfaces. Although we focus on haptic systems, the information-theoretic framework, the psychophysical methods, and the guidelines presented in this article are applicable to other sensory modalities and multimodal interface systems also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a way to transfer quantum information of a photonic cat-state qubit (cqubit) between two cavities coupled to an artificial atom. The two logic states of the photonic cqubit here are encoded by two orthogonal cat states (i.e. superpositions of coherent states) of photons. We show that quantum information of one photonic cqubit can be deterministically transferred between two cavities, with a single-step operation only. As a specific example, we numerically analyse the experimental implementation of this proposal, by considering a set-up of two microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting artificial atom. This proposal can also be applied to transfer one-cqubit quantum information between two modes of a quantum field coupled by a natural or artificial atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document that the initiation of audit committee interlocks is associated with contagion in reported special items. We argue that this is, in part, attributable to contagion of accounting policy choices. We find that the special items of newly interlocked firms, unrelated before interlock, become positively correlated afterward, suggesting information transfer starts with interlock formation. This result holds for negative special items, key components of special items (asset impairments, restructuring costs, and gains/losses from asset sales), and is stronger for larger firms and for firms within the same industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic chemistry has drastically progressed during the last few decades. Like in DNA, it is now possible to synthesize abiotic macromolecules with precisely‐controlled sequences of monomers. Artificial systems allowing hybridization and information transfer have been described. Simple metabolism models have also been prepared and investigated. Thus, the creation of minimal artificial life forms appears as a (still relatively far) but possibly reachable objective. In this context, the aim of the present essay is to discuss recent achievement and future challenges towards man‐induced abiogenesis. In terms of polymer design, a synthetic macromolecule that would support Life as DNA do would require at least all the following properties: (i) information‐storage capacity, (ii) information‐transfer ability and (iii) the possibility to evolve through molecular mutations. Recent advances in that direction are summarized herein. However, Life is not only a matter of macromolecular design. In order to operate, a self‐replicator shall co‐exist with other molecules in non‐equilibrium conditions. Hence, systems chemistry aspects are also discussed in this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate whether there are information transfers related to the narratives accompanying earnings announcements in the same way there are for bottom-line earnings numbers. Our study is motivated by the conjecture that the narratives accompanying earnings press releases may contain industry-relevant information beyond that conveyed by the earnings number. If so, we expect earnings narratives to trigger distinct information transfer to industry-related peers. Our empirical tests confirm that, after controlling for the earnings information transfer, when industry leaders report positive earnings news and cite external causes, industry peers experience share price increases. Conversely, when industry leaders experience earnings disappointments and cite external causes, industry peers experience share price declines. We also find that the level of industry concentration plays a significant role in these relationships. These findings add to our understanding of the dynamics underlying co-movement of share prices within an industry. Additionally, these findings provide insights into another (previously undiscovered) means by which earnings narratives have relevance for investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex systems such as the human brain or the Earth's climate consist of many subsystems interacting in intricate, nonlinear ways. Moreover, variability of such systems extends over broad ranges of spatial and temporal scales and dynamical phenomena on different scales also influence each other. In order to explain how to detect cross-scale causal interactions, we review information-theoretic formulation of the Granger causality in combination with computational statistics (surrogate data method) and demonstrate how this method can be used to infer driverresponse relations from amplitudes and phases of coupled nonlinear dynamical systems. Considering complex systems evolving on multiple time scales, the reviewed methodology starts with a wavelet decomposition of a multi-scale signal into quasioscillatory modes of a limited bandwidth, described using their instantaneous phases and amplitudes. Then statistical associations, in particular, causality relations between phases or between phases and amplitudes on different time scales are tested using the conditional mutual information. As an application, we present the analysis of cross-scale interactions and information transfer in the dynamics of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]