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Context: An easy-to-administer, function-based questionnaire to assess patients with various foot problems was required for a Greek-speaking population. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Quick-FAAM) into Greek and evaluate its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Established international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires were followed. The face and content validity of the Greek version of the Quick-FAAM (Quick-FAAM-GR), as well as the internal consistency and test-retest reliability upon repeated administration after 5 days, were examined. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was examined via exploratory factor analysis as well as by testing for associations with the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, the 12-item Short-Form Survey (version 2), and a functional balance assessment test--the Y-Balance Test. Results: Sixty participants (18 women) with self-reported chronic ankle instability symptoms, with a median (interquartile range) age of 27 (7.7) years, participated in the study. Half of the participants were included in the test-retest reliability study. The Quick-FAAM-GR demonstrated face and content validity. Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach a =.961) and intrarater test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC[2,1] = .93) were demonstrated, with a comparable error margin to the original version (standard error of the measurement = 2.1, 95% minimum detectable change = 5.9). Associations of the Quick-FAAM-GR scores to other questionnaires ranged from weak to strong (Spearman rho), all being statistically significant (Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index from -.26, P = .04, to -.67, P< .001, and 12-item Short-Form Survey, version 2, between .41 and .72, P<.001), and to the Y-Balance Test between lower-limb differences (-.35 to -.58, P< .001). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the single- factor structure of this scale. No floor/ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: The Greek Quick-FAAM has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating chronic ankle instability and can be used for clinical and research purposes in Greek- speaking individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the success of an adaption of the Students' Attitudes Towards Addressing Sexual Health Extended Questionnaire (SA-SH-Ext) in meeting Polish linguistic and cultural norms, as well as to ascertain the nursing and midwifery students' attitudes towards addressing sexual health using the SA-SH-Ext questionnaire. The sample size of the cross-sectional validation study consisted of 570 Polish nursing and midwifery students. The collected data was used to examine the internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency reliability showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.91, and construct validity measured by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) demonstrated good results. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) was high and amounted to 0.923, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p = 0.000). The analysis of construct validity demonstrated five major factors: "Present feelings of comfortableness" (Factor 1), "Future working environment" (Factor 2), "Fear of negative influence on future patient relation" (Factor 3), "Educational needs—Awareness of knowledge gap" (Factor 4), "Educational needs—Awareness of the needs for competences" (Factor 5). The SA-SH-Ext v.PL questionnaire is a reliable and valuable instrument for assessing the level of perceived preparedness among nursing and midwifery students in addressing patient sexual health, a field often neglected in health and holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) describes social cognitive constructs related to behaviour change. A validated questionnaire is needed to measure these constructs in paediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to improve an existing HAPA-based questionnaire for parents regarding brushing their children's teeth and to assess its validity and reliability in a population of parents of high caries risk children. Methods: Parents of high caries risk children of 3–10 years filled out the adjusted HAPA-based questionnaire. Mokken scale analysis, graded response model analyses, factor analyses and reliability analyses were performed according to the protocol of Dima. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the mean scores of the HAPA constructs between two groups of participants, based on different levels of caries experience, brushing frequency and education level of the mother. Results: The Mokken scale analysis and factor analyses indicated a multidimensional eight factor scale. The graded response model did not fit our data. The subscale action control could be identified as a two-factor subscale. Reliability indices from the Dima protocol varied, for instance Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The constructs coping self-efficacy, action planning and action control discriminated between brushing frequencies. Conclusions: The adjusted HAPA-based questionnaire is an improved, valid and reliable instrument that could be used to evaluate HAPA-based interventions to improve children's oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) professionals increasingly need to assess and mitigate a broad scope of worker safety, health, and well-being concerns that extend beyond traditional OSH training curricula. Work-related and non-work-related psychosocial hazards, chronic physical and mental health conditions, and changing work arrangements call for an integrative, public health approach to occupational risk management; this approach has been called, " Total Worker Health ®" by United States public health authorities (Schulte et al. 2019). OSH professionals need education to ensure that Total Worker Health (TWH) practice approaches are consistently and effectively applied. This study sought to develop a valid, reliable scale that could be used to assess TWH skills gaps that can be addressed with tailored, competency-based curricula. Method We developed a survey scale to assess professional competency for specific TWH practice approaches described in prior literature (Lee et al. 2016 ; Punnett et al. 2020). The scale contained 11 statements and used a 5-point scale (not skilled to highly skilled) to rate the level of competency. We pre-tested and refined the statements for face validity then administered the scale with a convenience sample of 258 professionals from mixed OSH disciplines. A total of 210 OSH professionals (31% safety, 17% industrial hygiene, 12% occupational nurses, 11% occupational physicians, 29% other) who completed 50% or more of the questions were included in the analysis. Scale reliability was assessed with a Cronbach's alpha test. Scale validity and structure were assessed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results The 11-item scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92). The initial EFA solution suggested 2 factors that explained 65.3% of variance, with one cross-loaded question. A final 10-item, 2-factor scale was developed that accounted for 66.0% of variance with no cross-loaded items (Cronbach's alpha α = 0.91). Factor 1 (6 items) contributed to 55.5% of the variance and captured skills related to TWH program leadership (e.g. leader commitment, integrating program systems, engaging with other program leaders and workers). Factor 2 (4 items) contributed to 10.5% of the variance and captured technical skills related to hazard identification and control (e.g. identifying hazards, designing work to reduce hazards). Internal consistency was very good for both TWH program leadership (Cronbach α = 0.89) and TWH risk assessment and control (Cronbach α = 0.80) subscales. Conclusion A novel 10-item TWH skill scale to assess specific TWH practice approaches was developed with very good reliability. Factor analysis revealed 2 latent constructs: TWH leadership skills and TWH risk assessment and control skills. This study offers an evidence-based tool to assess competency for specific TWH practices among OSH professionals. The results of this study contribute to the broader research base needed to formalize a TWH competency framework, as advocated by other scholars interested in TWH workforce education (Newman et al. 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have evaluated the final-year Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine (PAM) summative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) examinations in a four-year graduate medical degree program, for the previous three years as a baseline comparator, and during three years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022). A de-identified analysis of medical student summative OSCE examination performance, and comparative review for the 3 years before, and for each year of the pandemic. Internal reliability in test scores as measured by R-squared remained the same or increased following the start of the pandemic. There was a significant increase in mean test scores after the start of the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic for combined OSCE scores for all final-year disciplines, as well as for the PAM role-play OSCEs, but not for the PAM mental state examination OSCEs. Changing to online OSCEs during the pandemic was related to an increase in scores for some but not all domains of the tests. This is in line with a nascent body of literature on medical teaching and examination following the start of the pandemic. Further research is needed to optimise teaching and examination in a post-pandemic medical school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in the preparation of middle-aged individuals for healthy old age can empower them to surmount the challenges aging. This study was conducted to create and assess the reliability and validity of a scale designed to measure the readiness of middle-aged individuals for healthy aging, referred to as the Middle-Age Preparation Scale for Healthy Aging (MPHA). The research employed a mixed sequential exploratory design. During the qualitative phase, items for the questionnaire were generated by reviewing existing literature and conducting interviews with participants. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated by analyzing its face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability. The reliability and validity of the MPHA were tested with a sample of 440 middle-aged individuals in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. The statistical analyses performed included exploratory factor analysis, measures of internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Initially, the item pool contained 80 items, which was narrowed down to 44 items during the face and content validation phase. The structural validity assessment resulted in a final 33-item scale, encompassing five factors associated with preparation for healthy aging: financial preparation, maintenance and promotion of physical and mental health, psychological preparation, sustaining communication, and planning productive leisure time. These factors explained 60.37% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall MPHA was 0.90, and ranged from 0.79 to 0.91 for the five subscales. The MPHA exhibited satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing preparation for healthy aging in the Iranian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers' aims for this preliminary study was to develop an instrument, guided by the Theory of Health-related Family Quality of Life, to measure health-related family quality of life (HR-FQoL) as perceived by women with cancer. The researchers used a two phase design for instrument development: (1) establishing face validity of a 38-item instrument with an expert panel and patient review, and (2) focusing on the internal structure and construct validity of the instrument with responses from female patients (N = 236) with a cancer diagnosis (breast, gynecologic). The researchers identified a final 25-item HR-FQoL instrument with four sub-scales that each captured multiple concepts within the Theory of HR-FQoL. The resulting instrument maybe used by researchers and clinicians to assess various aspects of health-related family quality of life among female breast and gynecological cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS-23). Based on a mixed method design researchers generated item pool through qualitative data and literature review and next, 500 women ages 40 to 69 years completed the questionnaire. Based on exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis, 23 items, researchers revealed eight domains of fate and destiny, breast conflict, defense avoidance, inconveniences/difficulties of mammography screening, contrasting/competing priorities, fear, distrust of mammography, and lack of knowledge with appropriate fitness for the data. PBMS-23 is valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived barriers of mammography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the development of the Actualisation of Evidence‐Based Nursing instrument targeted at nurses working in clinical practice (ActEBN‐nurses), meant for evaluating the actualisation of individual and organisational‐level support structures for evidence‐based nursing within social and healthcare organisations, and to test its validity and reliability. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Methods: The FinYHKÄ model was used as the theoretical background of the instrument development and supplemented with the JBI Model of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, previous literature and items from a previous instrument, the Evidence‐Based Practice Process Assessment Scale, with permission of the copyright holders. After two rounds of expert panel and piloting, a national survey was conducted with the instrument in 2021. The target group consisted of nurses working in clinical practice. Psychometric testing included internal consistency (Omega, item analysis) confirmatory factor analysis and t‐test for comparison of two groups' differences (sensitivity). Results: A new instrument, ActEBN‐nurses was developed, comprising two parts: Individual‐level (32 items, 5‐point Likert‐scale) and Organisational‐level support structures for evidence‐based nursing (37 items, 5‐point Likert‐scale). In total, 1289 nurses participated in the survey. The ActEBN‐nurses proved to have good internal consistency in both parts (Omega ω.931 and.966), structural validity and sensitivity based on the two educational levels within the sample. The structure of both parts was slightly modified, based on the CFA modification indices, considering the impact of the reverse worded items in part Individual and redundant items within both parts. Conclusion: The ActEBN‐nurses has promising psychometrics, and it can be used for evaluating individual and organisational‐level support structures for evidence‐based nursing within social and healthcare organisations. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Evaluation of the support structures within social and healthcare organisations is needed to recognise shortcomings in current structures and advance evidence‐based nursing across different contexts. Reporting Method: The authors state that they have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE statement for cross‐sectional studies. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short scales are time‐efficient for participants and cost‐effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low‐quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the "alpha‐if‐item‐deleted" procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than.02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than.04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks,.80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the number of refugee youth whom require mental health support, there is a need to provide community-based interventions that can be easily scaled-up at a low cost. Yet, safety procedures associated with community-based intervention require careful consideration. The Cantril Ladder is a visual scale used to assess life satisfaction. It could be a useful tool to track the well-being of participants throughout an intervention. However, concerns have been raised about the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures and it is recommended they are tested when used in specific populations. This is particularly relevant to the refugee youth population who experience ongoing stress due to concern for family, friends, housing, and schooling and whose perceptions of life satisfaction may differ to the cohorts the Cantril Ladder has previously been tested with. The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of the Cantril Ladder as a measure of well-being and life satisfaction in refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms by exploring the relationship between how the youth scored on the Cantril Ladder with their scores on measures of depression and self-efficacy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied to self-reported survey data in order to test how refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (n = 51) score on the Cantril Ladder compared with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) scores. The mean Cantril Ladder score in the present sample was 5.33 (SD = 2.77). The PHQ-9 and GSE total scores together explained 19.1% of the variability in the Cantril Ladder score. The Cantril Ladder showed moderate concurrent validity with validated measures of depression and self-efficacy. These findings have important implications for intervention programs designed to support refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress, as the Cantril Ladder offers a promising way to track well-being throughout the program as part of a wider safety protocol procedure. Additional research is required to not only confirm these findings, but also to test the face validity of the Cantril Ladder for a more complete validation of life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study aimed to validate the Cantonese version of the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (CANELT), a functional communication assessment tool for Cantonese speakers with aphasia. A quantitative scoring method was adopted to examine the pragmatics and informativeness of the production of people with aphasia (PWA). Method: CANELT was translated from its English version with cultural adaptations. The performance on the 20-item CANELT collected from 56 PWA and 100 neurologically healthy Cantonese-speaking controls aged 30 to 79 years was orthographically transcribed. Scoring was based on the completeness of the main concepts produced in the preamble and subsequent elaborations, defined as Opening (O) and New Information (NI). Measures examining the validity and reliability were conducted. Results: An age effect was found in neurologically healthy controls, and therefore z scores were used for subsequent comparisons between neurologically healthy controls and PWA. The test showed strong evidence for known-group validity in both O [χ2 (2) = 95.2, p <.001] and NI [χ2 (2) = 100.4, p <.001]. A moderate to strong correlation was found between CANELT and standardized aphasia assessment tools, suggesting satisfactory concurrent validity. Reliability measures were excellent in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's α of.95 for both 'O' and 'NI'), test-retest reliability (ICC =.96; p <.001), intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00; p <.001), and inter-rater reliability for O (ICC =.99; p <.001) and NI (ICC =.99; p <.001). Sensitivity and specificity for O are 97% and 76.8%, respectively, while for NI, a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 91.1% were obtained. Conclusions: Measures on validity and reliability yielded promising results, suggesting CANELT as a useful and reliable functional communication assessment for PWA. Its application in managing PWA and potential areas for development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly AI-Generated Imagery, has the potential to impact medical and patient education. This research explores the use of AI-generated imagery, from text-to-images, in medical education, focusing on congenital heart diseases (CHD). Utilizing ChatGPT's DALL·E 3, the research aims to assess the accuracy and educational value of AI-created images for 20 common CHDs. In this study, we utilized DALL·E 3 to generate a comprehensive set of 110 images, comprising ten images depicting the normal human heart and five images for each of the 20 common CHDs. The generated images were evaluated by a diverse group of 33 healthcare professionals. This cohort included cardiology experts, pediatricians, non-pediatric faculty members, trainees (medical students, interns, pediatric residents), and pediatric nurses. Utilizing a structured framework, these professionals assessed each image for anatomical accuracy, the usefulness of in-picture text, its appeal to medical professionals, and the image's potential applicability in medical presentations. Each item was assessed on a Likert scale of three. The assessments produced a total of 3630 images' assessments. Most AI-generated cardiac images were rated poorly as follows: 80.8% of images were rated as anatomically incorrect or fabricated, 85.2% rated to have incorrect text labels, 78.1% rated as not usable for medical education. The nurses and medical interns were found to have a more positive perception about the AI-generated cardiac images compared to the faculty members, pediatricians, and cardiology experts. Complex congenital anomalies were found to be significantly more predicted to anatomical fabrication compared to simple cardiac anomalies. There were significant challenges identified in image generation. Based on our findings, we recommend a vigilant approach towards the use of AI-generated imagery in medical education at present, underscoring the imperative for thorough validation and the importance of collaboration across disciplines. While we advise against its immediate integration until further validations are conducted, the study advocates for future AI-models to be fine-tuned with accurate medical data, enhancing their reliability and educational utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inquiring conservative Asian women about their menopausal symptoms is often challenging in crowded primary healthcare clinics. Furthermore, the subject matter is culturally sensitive to most Malaysian women. Hence, the translation of the MQ6 into Malay is crucial to enable self-administration, eliminating the necessity for interviewers and mitigating potential respondent shyness. Methods: The Menopause Quick 6 (MQ6) questionnaire was translated into the Malay language with an addition of an item, henceforth termed MQ6 (M). Forward and backward translation was performed. Face and content validity were conducted. MQ6 (M) was self-administered to 400 women aged between 40 and 60 attending six primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia. To ascertain the reliability for MQ6 (M), corrected Item-Total Correlation, Squared Multiple Correlation, Cronbach's Alpha if the Item is Deleted, and Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients (KR20). Exploratory factor analysis was done to determine its' construct validity. Results: The outcome of the validation was satisfactory. By the Lawshe method, the content validity ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 and the content validity index was 0.914. The Internal consistency for the MQ6(M) Cronbach's alpha was 0.711 while Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients KR20 was 0.676. Factor loading of all four items is above 0.70, indicating a well-defined structure. Whereas factor loading for three items fell within the range of 0.50–0.69 indicating a practically significant threshold for a new questionnaire. Conclusion: The MQ6 (M) has acceptable reliability and construct validity to be considered as a self-administered screening tool in primary care clinics in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a widely used tool to assess functional capacity among patients, but there is no Sinhala version validated for patients in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and test the validity and reliability of the Sinhala version of DASI (DASI-S). Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DASI questionnaire were conducted following the standard guidelines. It was pre-tested on ten pre-operative patients and further modified. The construct validity and reliability of DASI-S were evaluated by administering the modified final DASI-S, which comprised 12 items, along with the physical functioning sub-scale of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), consisting of 10 items to eighty-one patients who were awaiting non-cardiac surgeries at university surgical wards, National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), and Colombo North Teaching Hospital (CNTH), Sri Lanka. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach alpha, while the validity was evaluated using factor analysis and Spearman's correlation. The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.2 (± 16.6) years and the majority were females (54.3%). The mean height, weight, and body mass index of the sample were 160.5 (± 9.6) cm, 60.3 (± 11.9) kg, and 23.4 (± 4.5) kgm−2 respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of DASI-S was 0.861. The concurrent validity of DASI-S was substantiated by positively correlating (p < 0.01, rs = 0.466) with the physical sub-scale of SF-36. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the total score of DASI-S between the two age groups. Conclusions: Sinhala version of the DASI appears to be a valid, reliable and easy-to-administer tool to assess functional capacity among patients who are awaiting non-cardiac surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ethical decision-making in end-of-life care is one of the most challenging aspects of healthcare: providing ethical care to the society is one of the most important responsibilities of healthcare professionals. In order to assess nurses' ethical decision-making in end-of-life care, researchers need a specialized and comprehensive instrument which is sufficiently valid and reliable. The present study was conducted to translate and test the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Nurses' Ethical Decision-Making in End-of-Life Care Scale (NEDM-EOLCS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional, multi-centric study with a methodological design The participants were selected via convenience sampling from five hospitals located in Iran. In total, 1320 nurses (660 for exploratory factor analysis and 660 for confirmatory factor analysis) participated in the study. The original NEDM-EOLCS was translated into Persian and subsequently the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed according to COSMIN criteria. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed the factor loading of the 55 items to be between 0.62 and 0.88, all of which were significant. Also, exploratory factor analysis showed that 3 factors (perceived professional accountability, moral reasoning/moral agency and moral practice) explained 74.51% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results verified the good fit of the data (a chi-square of 21.74, df = 7, P = 0.001) RMSEA = 0.01, CFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.95, and TLI = 0.97). The reliability of the scale was measured in terms of its internal consistency and the Cronbach's alpha of the whole instrument was found to be 0.98. Conclusion: The Persian version of NEDM-EOLCS for nurses is sufficiently valid and reliable. Thus, this instrument can be used to measure nurses' ethical decision-making in end-of-life care and identify the most effective strategies, e.g. educational interventions, to improve ethical decision-making skills in end-of-life care in these healthcare professionals as necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Health tourism is one of the dimensions of sustainable development to help Mazandarn’s economic dynamic. A strong agreement is doubted in identifying factors influencing the attraction of health tourists. This study was implemented to design a questionnaire to measure the factors influencing the attraction of healthy tourists and investigate its psychometric properties. Materials and methods: This study was done with a combinatorial approach in three steps, including relevant literature and the opinions of experts as long as health tourists' opinions of Mazandaran province were applied to the development of the item pool. Then, content validity, face validity, construct validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed for the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The final questionnaire was approved after performing 17 interviews and applying professional expertise in the qualitative part. In the first stage of the quantitative part content validity was studied by 10 people from an expert panel, and its face validity, the questionnaire was completed by 10 participants. Finally, the construct validity of the designed instrument was calculated using exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 24 software and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 24 software by asking 300 people familiar with health tourism in Mazandaran province. The internal and external validity were determined using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest in 25 people. Results: The results of the literature review and interviews with experts in the first and second stages of the study led to the design of 76 items. In the next step, the changes in the qualitative stage 15 questions did not receive favorite points in Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) calculation in the quantitative part of content validity. Then face validity was applied and the item effect index for 8 items was lower than 1.5 in the quantitative stage of face validity. Then the questionnaire with 53 items was entered into construct validity. In the exploratory factor analysis, the value of KMO was equal to 0.778. Furthermore, the value of Bartlett's test of significance was less than 5%. Based on the rotated matrix of components, eight factors with positive values were obtained. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 7 items had a factor loading of less than 0.4, which were removed from the questionnaire, and finally, 46 items remained. In the confirmatory factor analysis stage, the factor load of all dimensions was in good condition and the P-value was in the acceptable range. Cronbach alpha rate was calculated as 0.831. The external reliability was lower than 0.05 (ICC= 0.90, P<0.001). Conclusion: The designed questionnaire, due to the low number of questions, the simplicity of the sentences, as well as the acceptable validity and reliability, can be used to identify and investigate the factors affecting the attraction of health tourists. Normalization of the questionnaire in other cultures is suggested. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be utilized by researchers, healthcare and tourism system managers, and other stakeholders to inform the planning of interventions aimed at increasing medical tourism. Additionally, it is hoped that the results of this study will serve as a springboard for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI‐EAT‐10) is a reliable and valid tool for rapid identification of dysphagia in patients aged 18 months to 18 years. Aims: To translate and adapt the PEDI‐EAT‐10 into the Italian language and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods & Procedures: The translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the tool consisted of five stages: initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation and test of the prefinal version. The internal consistency of the translated tool was analysed in a clinical group composed of 200 patients with special healthcare needs aged between 18 months and 18 years. They were consecutively enrolled at the Rare Disease Unit, Paediatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli‐IRCCS, Rome. For test–retest reliability, 50 caregivers filled in the PEDI‐EAT‐10 questionnaire for a second time after a 2‐week period. Construct validity was established by comparing data obtained from patients with data from healthy participants (n = 200). The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Outcomes & Results: Psychometric data obtained from patients (104 M; mean age = 8.08 ± 4.85 years; median age = 7 years) showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (Pearson r = 0.99; Spearman r = 0.96). A total of 30% of children were classified as having a high risk of penetration/aspiration. The Italian PEDI‐EAT‐10 mean total score of the clinical group was significantly different from that resulting from healthy participants. Conclusions & Implications: The PEDI‐EAT‐10 was successfully translated into Italian, validated and found to be a reliable one‐page rapid screening tool to identify dysphagia in children and adolescents with special needs. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: The PEDI‐EAT‐10 is a valid and reliable quick discriminative paediatric tool for identifying penetration/aspiration risks. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: In the present study we successfully translated and adapted the PEDI‐EAT‐10 into the Italian language. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This translation and adaptation increase access to valid feeding and swallowing assessment for children of Italian‐speaking families. In addition, the I‐PEDI‐EAT‐10 can suggest further assessment of patients' swallowing abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the QUAlity of Life Assessment in Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C) and validate the Korean version of the QUALAS-C (QUALAS-C-K). Three urologists translated the QUALAS-C into Korean. Facial and content validity were assessed in the pilot study. Back-translation into English was performed. In the main study, the QUALAS-C-K and Korean version of KIDSCREEN-27 were administered simultaneously. Test-retest reliability was confirmed by re-administering the QUALAS-C-K. Internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha. Factor analysis was performed, and convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated using the Korean version of KIDSCREEN-27. A total of 53 children with spina bifida participated in the main study. Cronbach's alpha for the overall instrument determined good internal consistency (0.72–0.85), the intraclass correlation coefficient showed good stability (0.74–0.77), and the factor analysis converged to the same two-factor structure as in the original version. Construct validity revealed weak-to-moderate associations (r ≤ 0.57) between QUALAS-C-K and K-KIDSCREEN-27, indicating that QUALAS-C-K measures different aspects of the HRQOL than K-KIDSCEEN-27. The QUALAS-C-K is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the health-related quality of life of children with SB in Korea. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important patient-reported outcome among children with spina bifida (SB). The QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C) is a self-reported, age-appropriate, and condition-specific HRQOL questionnaire for children with SB, developed in the United States. Our study demonstrated that the Korean version of the QUAlity of Life Assessment of Spina bifida for Children (QUALAS-C-K) is a valid and reliable tool. The QUALAS-C-K is a succinct and valuable questionnaire that can be used to assess HRQOL of children with SB, particularly focusing on bladder and bowel problems in clinical practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor nurse-patient relationship poses an obstacle to care delivery, jeopardizing patient experience and patient care outcomes. Measuring nurse-patient relationship is challenging given its multi-dimensional nature and a lack of well-established scales. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a multi-dimensional scale measuring nurse-patient relationship in China. Methods: A preliminary scale was constructed based on the existing literature and Delphi consultations with 12 nursing experts. The face validity of the scale was tested through a survey of 45 clinical nurses. This was followed by a validation study on 620 clinical nurses. Cronbach's α, content validity and known-group validity of the scale were assessed. The study sample was further divided into two for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), respectively, to assess the construct validity of the scale. Results: The Nurse-Patient Relationship Scale (NPRS) containing 23 items was developed and validated, measuring five dimensions: nursing behavior, nurse understanding and respect for patient, patient misunderstanding and mistrust in nurse, communication with patient, and interaction with patient. The Cronbach's α of the NPRS ranged from 0.725 to 0.932, indicating high internal consistency. The CFA showed excellent fitness of data into the five-factor structure: χ2/df = 2.431, GFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.923, CFI = 0.939, IFI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.070. Good content and construct validity are demonstrated through expert consensus and psychometric tests. Conclusion: The NPRS is a valid tool measuring nurse-patient relationship in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses work in close proximity to patients, and as such, they can have a direct impact on the control of infections; thus, it is important for nurses to be competent in infection control. However, the scales used to measure infection control performance in nurses are not suitable for measuring infection control competencies that reflect nurses' expertise, clinical environment, and work. Thus, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measure to assess infection control competency of clinical nurses. Methods: A concept analysis, using a hybrid model, was performed on the infection control competency of clinical nurses to confirm the components and develop 67 initial items. Ten experts evaluated the content validity of these items, and a Korean language expert and a Doctor of Nursing reviewed the questions to consolidate them into 59 items. Subsequently, 267 nurses working at a certified tertiary hospital in D City were surveyed to confirm the validity and reliability of the scale. Results: As a result of the study, the final scale comprising seven factors and 33 questions was derived, and the cumulative explanatory power of these factors was 60.8%. To verify convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the average variance extraction index, composite reliability values, and confidence interval of the correlation coefficient between factors were confirmed. Convergent and discriminant validities were verified by comparison with standard values. The Cronbach's α for the entire scale in this study was 0.93. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the clinical nurses' infection control competency measurement scale were verified. Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the infection control competency measurement scale for clinical nurses (ICCS-CN) developed in this study was verified, and the scale can be effectively used to measure the infection control competency of clinical nurses. Measuring the infection control competency of clinical nurses will help reduce the harm caused by infection and ensure patient safety by decreasing infection rates in medical institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Experiencing dizziness/vertigo is often an indication of dysfunction in the vestibular system. Recent findings show a connection between peripheral vestibular dysfunction and cognitive impairments. The Neuropsychological Vertigo Inventory (NVI) can assess physical, emotional, and cognitive issues in individuals with dizziness/vertigo. The aim of this research was to translate, cultural adaptation and evaluation of the reliability and validity of NVI to Persian. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the NVI scale was translated and adapted to the Iranian cultural context following the international quality of life assessment protocol for translation and equivalence. After obtaining face validity, the scale was administered to 140 patients with peripheral vestibular system dysfunction and 70 control group (age between 25 and 80 years). After one week, 50 participants were asked to complete the questionnaire again. Eventually, reliability was evaluated with both methods of internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility. Results: Out of the 28 items in the NVI scale, 3 items were modified to better align with the cultural conditions of Iranians. The impact scores for most items in this scale were found to be higher than 1.5. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient values for the overall scale (0.90) and test-retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficient for the overall scale (0.91) were confirmed. Conclusion: The Persian version of NVI scale demonstrates excellent validity and reliability, and it exhibits a high level of content alignment with the original version. Therefore, it can be a useful tool to better understand the physical, emotional and cognitive disturbances in patients with vertigo/dizziness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The level of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of lay people from a national point of view has never been studied and there is currently a lack of validated research instruments on this issue. The present study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire (TDI‐Q) to assess the knowledge of lay people about TDI, including participants from the five regions of Brazil. Material and Methods: TDI‐Q was drafted, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Before its application, TDI‐Q was evaluated by dentists, lay people, linguists, and psychometrists. The questionnaire was applied to measure temporal stability at two distinct times, with an interval of 15–20 days between the two applications: test (n = 110) and retest (n = 50). The presence of floor and ceiling effects were investigated by analyzing the frequency of responses of the questionnaire; convergent construct validity was tested through Spearman's correlation; the Mann–Whitney test was applied to discriminant construct validity. Temporal stability and internal consistency were evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: The floor and ceiling effects were not observed (0.9% and 2.7%, respectively); convergent validity analysis indicated a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.50; p <.001). Significant discriminant construct validity (p <.05) was observed. Satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.7) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.82, p <.001) were also achieved. Conclusion: TDI‐Q proved to have good psychometric properties and to be a reliable tool for evaluating the knowledge of lay people regarding TDI in the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Transculturally adapt the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test V2 to the healthcare context of pressure injuries in Galicia and determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire adapted to Galician. Methods. Cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire following the steps of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, estimating face and content validity and crosssectional observational study with descriptive, bivariate and psychometric analysis: Rasch, reliability, stability of the self-administered questionnaire PZ-PUKT 72 adapted to Galician. Results. The Galician PZ-PKUT has good conceptual-semantic equivalence to the original questionnaire, as well as very good face validity and content validity (x̄ : 0.96; R: 0.87-1). A total of 121 health professionals participated, with a mean age of 44.6 years and 104 were women (86%). The total average score was 72.7%, with statistically significant differences between the score and sociodemographic variables. The items have a good fit of the Rasch model and a wide range of difficulty (R: -37.32-2.55). Cronbach's alpha 0.809. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.906 and the stability represented by the Bland-Altman diagram was acceptable. Discussion. The Galician PZ-PUKT 72 has good face and content validity relate the original version, showing appropriate psychometric characteristics: good reliability if administered completely, temporal stability and construct validity. It requires studies that evaluate its properties in other samples and the possibility of dividing the instrument into 3 subscales. Although its feasibility is limited by being a long questionnaire, it is a valid and reliable instrument to measure knowledge about Pressure Injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate, validate and test the reliability of Kannada version of "EORTC QLQ-H&N43" and "NCCN Distress Thermometer and Problem list" version 2.2022. The English version of "EORTC QLQ H&N43" and "NCCN Distress thermometer and Problem List" version 2.2022 tools were translated into Kannada language according to standard guideline. The translated version was validated by EORTC and by using content validity index (CVI). Further, the reliability of validated tools was established via test–retest and internal consistency method whereas construct was determined via spearman rank correlation. The Cronbach alpha value > 0.7 and correlation coefficients (ρ) < 0.05 was considered as significant. The Kannada version of "EORTC QLQ-H&N43" was validated by EORTC as well as by experts whereas NCCN distress tool was validated only by experts with average CVI score of 1 and 0.97 respectively. Out of total 80 patients, 50% were head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and 50% belonged to other cancer types. Kannada version of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 and NCCN distress tool was found to be reliable among HNC and general cancer patients respectively with the Cronbach alpha value between 0.819–1 and 0.71–1 for all the domains. Further, only 7.72% of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 and 13.33% of NCCN distress tool construct were significantly correlated with construct of EORTC QLQ-C30 (p < 0.05). The Kannada version of QoL and distress instrument was found to be valid and reliable to use among HNC and/ general cancer patients respectively. Thus, this method of translation, validation and reliability testing can be used as a novel practice in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many assessment tools have been proposed for use in clinical practice and research on individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It aimed to translate the Fonseca Anamnestic Index into Turkish (FAI/T) and examine the responsiveness, reliability and validity of the FAI/T in this study. Two hundred forty-nine individuals (207 female/42 male) with TMD were included in this study according to the RDC/TMD (muscle disorders, disc displacement, arthralgia and mixed disorders (muscle disorders and disc displacement)). Reliability was evaluated with test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and reproducibility. Validity was assessed with structural validity, construct validity, content validity, and face validity. In addition, responsiveness and floor and ceiling effects were also examined. The ICC value (0.906) and Cronbach's α (0.951) of the (FAI/T) were excellent. Following Explarotary Factor Analysis, two factors were extracted, accounting for 51.859% of the total variation. Structural validity, construct validity, content validity, and face validity analyses proved the validity of the FAI/T. The responsiveness analysis showed that the Turkish FAI and its subscales were able to detect change over time. The FAI/T has shown excellent reliability and good validity. The FAI/T can assess the symptoms of Turkish-speaking persons with TMD. Clinical Trials registration number: NCT04274985 Turkish version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index has been translated into Turkish from English version. Turkish version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index has excellent reliability and good validity. The Turkish version of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index and its subscales are able to detect change over time. Turkish clinicians and researchers could easily use the Turkish version of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index to assess the Turkish population with temporomandibular disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Clinician's experiences of providing care are identified as a key outcome associated with value-based healthcare (VBHC). In contrast to patient-reported experience measures, measurement tools to capture clinician's experiences in relation to VBHC initiatives have received limited attention to date. Progressing from an initial 18-item clinician experience measure (CEM), we sought to develop and evaluate the reliability of a set of 10 core clinician experience measure items in the CEM-10. Methods: A multi-method project was conducted using a consensus workshop with clinicians from a range of NSW Health local health districts to reduce the 18-item CEM to a short form 10-item core clinician experience measure (CEM-10). The CEM-10 was deployed with clinicians providing diabetes care, care for older adults and virtual care across all districts and care settings of New South Wales, Australia. Psychometric analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of the tool and its suitability for diverse clinical contexts. Results: Consensus building sessions led to a rationalised 10-item tool, retaining the four domains of psychological safety (two items), quality of care (three items), clinician engagement (three items) and interprofessional collaboration (two items). Data from four clinician cohorts (n = 1029) demonstrated that the CEM-10 four-factor model produced a good fit to the data and high levels of reliability, with factor loadings ranging from 0.77 to 0.92, with Cronbach's alpha (range: 0.79–0.90) and composite reliability (range: 0.80–0.92). Conclusions: The CEM-10 provides a core set of common clinician experience measurement items that can be used to compare clinician's experiences of providing care between and within cohorts. The CEM-10 may be supported by additional items relevant to particular initiatives when evaluating VBHC outcomes. What is known about the topic? Clinician experience of providing care is an outcome of interest for health systems and services internationally who are implementing value-based care initiatives. Review evidence indicates that measurement of clinician's experience of providing care should address experiences of being able to deliver quality care, collaborate with colleagues, experience psychological safety and engagement in decision-making in the workplace. What does this paper add? The paper reports the development of the short form clinician experience measure (CEM-10) and its initial validation in four value-based healthcare initiatives of NSW Health. What are the practical implications for practitioners? The CEM-10 can be used as a core set of items embedded within evaluations of value-based care initiatives to benchmark and examine experiences across clinician cohorts. This article belongs to the Special Issue: Value-based Healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite being in temperate zone, India is endemic to nutritional rickets. However, very little has been studied on knowledge, perception and cultural practices of Indian communities, towards calcium and vitamin-D deficiency in children. Aim & Objective: The study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire in Hindi language for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents towards calcium and vitamin D deficiency among children. Methodology: We searched electronic databases for item generation. The questionnaire was developed in Hindi language by five experts in the field of pediatrics, pediatric orthopaedics and community medicine using Delphi method. After language correction from Hindi language experts, a convenient sample of 30 participants filled the questionnaire and tested for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The overall Cronbach's alpha value for the finalized 46-item scale indicated an acceptable reliability (alpha = 0.91). The internal consistency reliability for six domains created was acceptable. The results revealed 'high' test-retest reliability, and there was no statistically significant difference noted between any of the first test and re-test corresponding values (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present questionnaire developed in Hindi Language to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of parents towards Calcium & Vitamin-D deficiency in children, has a good validity and reliability. This newly developed instrument could prove its use to highlight the gaps that may exist among parents. The use of this tool may help clinicians, health educators and policy makers to identify key areas of intervention with regards to Calcium & Vitamin-D deficiency in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consumer behavior research and neurology are combined in the emerging discipline of neuromarketing. Neuromarketing is considered to be one of emerging field to study how consumer's brain reacts to advertisement and other brand's message by observing brainwave, eye, and skin response. The current study examined the emerging field of constructs of neuromarketing like social, attention, technology, and emotions to examine Indian consumer's buying behavior. Purpose: To study the validity and reliability of constructs of neuromarketing that examines consumer's buying behavior among Indian consumers. Methods: A sample of 191 people of different age groups was considered in the study. A random sampling technique was used for data collection. The self-designed questionnaire used for the measurement of neuromarketing constructs and consumers' buying behavior. The current study applied SPSS and AMOS software to validate the measurement model of neuromarketing. Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test's value is 0.784 and this value confirmed that the sample is adequate for factor analysis. Apart from that, the five constructs of neuromarketing – Attention (A), Social (SC), Technological (T), Emotion (E), and Consumer Buying Behavior (BB) had shown the value of Cronbach's alpha to be more than 0.7. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) had shown value of average variance explained of each constructs 0.5 and composite reliability more than 0.7 which indicates excellent construct validity of constructs for model formation of neuromarketing. The study also validates measurement research model of neuromarketing on the basis of model fit index (chi-square/df = 3.397, RMSEA = 0.10, GFI = 0.92, and CFI = 0.87). Conclusion: The present study had shown good validity and reliability of constructs of neuromarketing and also proved that marketers can apply these constructs to examine behavior pattern of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study validated an instrument for measuring student engagement in the context of Chinese science curriculum reforms. We adapted existing items from well-designed instruments with the context of science learning and formed the initial instrument of the Student Engagement in Science Learning (SESL) consisting of 20 items in four subscales, including cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and agentic engagement. We recruited an expert panel to provide content and face validity during the adaptation process. The final sample of 578 was collected and analysed to provide the construct validity of the SESL instrument. The results from item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis conformed the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Independent t-tests of gender and district groups confirmed the concurrent validity of the instrument. The Cronbach's coefficient alpha of the four subscales and the total scale are higher than 0.70, indicating the SESL instrument has the internal consistency reliability for measuring student engagement in science learning. Researchers and practitioners would benefit from the valid and reliable SESL instrument with the four constructs to measure and improve student engagement in science learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the hen's eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption among Palestinian consumers using the cross-sectional survey design. Online questionnaire was sent via social media platforms including well-known Facebook and WhatsApp groups in West bank, Gaza and Jerusalem, along with an invitation explaining the research objectives and the voluntary participation. The online questionnaire consisted of three main sections: socio demographic, knowledge and practices for hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage, and consumption. The items were developed based on previous literature and international guidelines for hen's eggs purchase and handling, and subjected to content validity process, followed by a pilot study to determine the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha test. The final data were analysed based on the dichotomous Rach model for knowledge and polytomous Rasch model for practices using Winsteps version 5.1.3. The Rasch SPSS output interval data files were used in the inferential analyses tests (one-way ANOVA test and independent samples t-test). The Rasch analysis showed that on average the participants had quite low level of knowledge of hen's eggs consumption safety, (person ability Mean 0.10 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 1.65 (most difficult) and − 2.24 logit (easiest). It was not easy for the participants to endorse the items pertaining their practices in handling the hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage and consumption, (person ability Mean − 0.11 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 2.68 logits (most difficult) to − 2.45 logit (easiest). In addition, female participants significantly outperformed males in knowledge scores; and the level of hen's eggs hygiene practices and storage during purchase depended on participants' knowledge level. The research recommended interventional programs to enhance Palestinians' awareness and knowledge about hen's eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption. Further quantitative and qualitative research studies were also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inquiring conservative Asian women about their menopausal symptoms is often challenging in crowded primary healthcare clinics. Furthermore, the subject matter is culturally sensitive to most Malaysian women. Hence, the translation of MQ6 into Malay is crucial to enable self-administration, eliminating the necessity for interviewers and mitigating potential respondent shyness. Methods: The Menopause Quick 6 (MQ6) questionnaire was translated into the Malay language with an addition of an item, henceforth termed MQ6 (M). Forward and backward translation was performed. Face and content validity were conducted. MQ6 (M) was self-administered to 400 women aged between 40 and 60 attending six primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia. To ascertain the reliability for MQ6 (M), corrected Item-Total Correlation, Squared Multiple Correlation, Cronbach's Alpha if the Item is Deleted, and Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients (KR20). Exploratory factor analysis was done to determine its' construct validity. Results: The outcome of the validation was satisfactory. By the Lawshe method, the content validity ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 and the content validity index was 0.914. The Internal consistency for MQ6(M) Cronbach's alpha was 0.711 while Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients KR20 was 0.676. Factor loading of all four items is above 0.70, indicating a well-defined structure. Whereas factor loading for three items fell within the range of 0.50–0.69 indicating a practically significant threshold for a new questionnaire. Conclusion: MQ6 (M) has acceptable reliability and construct validity to be considered as a self-administered screening tool in primary care clinics in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to support governmental implementation policy and associated interventions related to environmental policy and legislation, understanding the public's acceptability towards these policies is crucial. One significant environmental issue is the proper disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), which can cause harm to the environment. To assess social acceptability towards ELV policy, a scale was developed consisting of 49 measurement items with five latent constructs: psychological and social cognitive constructs, environmental constructs, and social support. Content validation was performed by three experts who produced an item-content validity index greater than 0.79. To test the validity and reliability of the construct items, a case study was conducted in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (JABODETABEK), Indonesia, with 250 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis showed that 48 items matched the validity and reliability requirements, and all constructs showed very good or excellent reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient rule. The developed scale fulfills all the requirements of validity and reliability and can be used as a new instrument to measure a person's desire to implement ELV policies, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This study can contribute to developing and implementing effective environmental policies and legislation related to ELV. • The social acceptability of the end-of-life vehicles policy in Indonesia is analyzed. • A new instrument to measure a person's desire to implement policies is developed. • The developed scale satisfies all the requirements of validity and reliability. • Case study with 250 respondents is conducted in JABODETABEK, Indonesia. • Guidelines for the effective implementation of environmental policies are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). A cross-sectional, instrument development and the psychometric testing study was conducted. A 23-item self-report Self-Care of Stroke Inventory with 3 separate scales was developed. This study involved three stages: (a) Initial items generation; (b) Content and face validation; (c) Psychometric properties evaluation. The SCSI was validated by content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. From the initial 80-item pool, 24 items of 3 scales in the SCSI were retained by the expert consultation and item analysis. The scale's content validity was 0.976, 0.966, and 0.973. The EFA showed the total variance explained by the 3 scales of the SCSI were 73.417%, 74.281%, and 80.207%, respectively. The models of the 3 scales identified by EFA were all confirmed by the CFA. The SCSI scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Cronbach's αs were 0.830, 0.930, and 0.831. Test-retest reliability of the SCSI was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.945, 0.907, and 0.837. The final 23-item SCSI presents good psychometric properties and can be used to explore the self-care of stroke in community settings. This study developed and validated the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory (SCSI). The SCSI contains the following 3 scales: the Self-care Maintenance of Stroke scale, the Self-care Monitoring of Stroke scale, and the Self-care Management of Stroke scale The 23-item SCSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The SCSI may be used to develop future programmes to promote self-care for stroke survivors and improve their rehabilitation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is accounted to affect nearly 75% of them with higher rate in men than women. Though most of the patients may desire to discuss confidentially the SD with their physician, but both the physician and the patient usually hesitate to break into this presumed taboo. Assuming that MS affects about 35.9 per 100,000 population, it is clearly a problem of paramount significance not to find, to the best of our knowledge, a specific scale for assessing SD in MS patients who speak Arabic. We aimed to translate the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19) from English into Arabic and then to Validate the Arabic version as a tool to evaluate the SD in MS patients. Results: We included 40 (21 males and 19 females) sexually active married MS patients. Every patient completed the Arabic translation of the MSISQ-19. Validity construction was explored by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the exploratory factor analysis. The Arabic version of the scale was evaluated for clarity, relevance, and translation of the content. The SD represents 45.5% in our study (47.6% in males, 43.4% in females). Conclusion: Through screening and diagnosis of SD in MS patients, MSISQ-19 would help both patients and physicians to invade the mystery of this hectic issue. In Arabic populations, Arabic version of MSISQ-19 could be a reliable, reproducible and validated tool for the targeting SD in MS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is a lack of reliable and valid evidence-based practice (EBP) measures for physiotherapy students. This study validated EBP-student (EBP-S) measures for physiotherapy students. Methods: EBP measures developed from previous research were cross-culturally validated for use by physiotherapy students. The adapted EBP-S consisted of six measures: use of EBP, EBP activities, EBP knowledge, self-efficacy for EBP, attitudes towards EBP, and perceptions of the teaching and assessment of EBP in the curriculum. The final version was completed by physiotherapy students (n = 335). The psychometric properties for each EBP-S measure were estimated, including construct validity using Rasch model, internal consistency reliability using person separation index (PSI), test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and differential item functioning (DIF). Results: Two formative measures (use of EBP and EBP activities) were only linguistically modified for use with students. A Rasch model was applied to the other four reflective measures. For knowledge, 55% (6/11) items fit the Rasch model with chi-square fit statistic (χ2) = 34.46, p = 0.08; PSI = 0.85. For self-efficacy, 89% (8/9) items fit the Rasch model with χ2 = 25.11, p = 0.80; PSI = 0.89. For attitudes, 62% (8/13) items fit the Rasch model with χ2 = 61.49, p = 0.00; PSI = 0.71. For perception of the teaching and assessment of EBP in the curriculum, 62% (8/13) items fit the Rasch model with χ2 = 80.99, p = 0.45; PSI = 0.92. perception of the teaching and assessment of EBP in the curriculum showed DIF in three items. The ICCs ranged between 0.80 and 0.98. Conclusions: The EBP-S measures were validated for physiotherapy students, including the testing of psychometric properties, which were not tested in the original studies. Further refinements should be considered for the use of the EBP-S with other groups of students or if changes are applied to the current curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners' attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners. Methods: A cross‐sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context‐specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S‐LCS. Results: A total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S‐LCS showed a five‐factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians. Conclusions: The S‐LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor sleep quality is commonly observed among critically ill patients; however, the assessment of sleep perception in critically ill patients remains challenging. The Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a simple, validated tool for sleep quality assessment that has been successfully translated into various languages. This study aimed to translate and assess the validity and reliability of the Malay language version of the RCSQ. The process of translation involved forward and reverse translation methods. The face validity of the translated RCSQ was tested during the pre-test on five non-participating subjects. The reliability of the translated questionnaire was tested with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A total of 150 critically ill patients were included in the analysis using the translated RCSQ. The average total score of the Malay language version of the RCSQ was 78.59 ± 19.43. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed a score of 0.839 and 0.930 respectively, indicating that the sampling of the study was meritorious and good internal consistency of the Malay RCSQ. In conclusion, the Malay language version of the RCSQ demonstrated excellent reliability and may aid in the assessment of sleep quality in critically ill patients in a local setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of cultural sensitivity is essential for health care professionals but there are few tools to measure this quality in Japan. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale of cultural sensitivity for Japanese health care professionals and examine its reliability and validity. Method: A draft scale was created through conceptual analysis and a questionnaire was completed by 515 health care professionals and 1,322 college students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine suitable scale items and examine model fitness. Results: The four-factor 18-item scale showed acceptable model fitness. Cronbach's α coefficient exceeded.90 and correlation coefficients for criterion-related validity were over.29. Construct validity was confirmed by the significantly higher score of the cross-culturally experienced groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient was.642 (professionals) and.722 (students). Discussion: This reliable and valid scale for Japanese health professionals and college students may be used to evaluate training programs to increase their cultural sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Internalized transphobia (IT) is influenced by societal norms and expectations, and it can have significant negative effects on the well-being and mental health of transgender individuals. The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian 8-item IT scale among Iranian transgender individuals in order to enhance the quality and quantity of research in this field. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional and methodological study utilized convenience sampling to recruit 119 transgender individuals in Mashhad, the second most populous city in Iran, in 2021. The Persian translation of the IT scale was developed using the backward-forward translation method. Subsequently, various types of validity and reliability were assessed, including content validity using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), face validity based on the impact score, construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest stability analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The CVR ranged from 0.600 to 1, the CVI ranged from 0.800 to 1, and the impact score exceeded 1.5, indicating the appropriate content and face validity of the 8-item IT scale. The construct validity analysis revealed that the questionnaire is one-dimensional. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.917, and the ICC for test-retest stability was 0.871. Conclusion: The Persian version of the IT scale demonstrated high and acceptable psychometric properties. The brevity of this scale facilitates its dissemination and utilization in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: "Ghosting" refers to the practice of abruptly cutting off all contact with a person with whom you have been in constant correspondence. The break comes without warning and without understandable provocation. The term most commonly applies to online romantic relationships. The motives for and effects of ghosting have been studied, and validated research questionnaires have been developed; however, there are no such questionnaires available for Urdu speakers. The purpose of this study was to adapt the "Ghosting Questionnaire (GQ)" for use in Pakistan and India, two of the world's most populous countries—a process that involves translation, adaptation, and validation. Methods: The study's methodology involved translating the GQ into Urdu using both forward and backward translation techniques. Convergent validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, and goodness of fit were all components of the psychometric analyses. Conclusions: The Urdu version of the GQ demonstrated a good internal consistency, with the Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega both exceeding 0.90. It also showed a high test–retest reliability—(0.96). The one-factor structure was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis, which agreed with the original English version of the GQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis is a benign and chronic gynecological estrogen-dependent disease. Considering the prevalence and the importance of measuring the long-term effects of endometriosis in affected women's lives t the EIQ scale was designed and psychometrically analyzed in English in Australia, in three recall periods (last 12 months, 1 to 5 years ago and more than 5 years ago). It has never been used in Iran and its validity and reliability have not been assessed either. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate and investigate the psychometric properties of the EIQ. Methods: In this study, 200 women were selected through random sampling in 2022. After forward and backward translation, the face validity, content validity, and construct validity of EIQ (through Corrected Item-Total Correlation) were examined. To assess the reliability of the scale, both internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest stability methods were employed. Results: Impact Score with a score above 1.5 was approved. CVI and CVR values of the EIQ tool were 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. The Item to total Correlation confirmed the construct validity of all seven dimensions of the tool, more than the cut-off (0.3) except lifestyle. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Intra Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were acceptable for all dimensions. Conclusion: The Persian version of EIQ is a valid and reliable scale. This tool is valid and reliable for investigating the long-term impact of endometriosis in Iranian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is crucial to take into account the concerns of dental patients about their prosthodontic needs when planning the course of treatment. However, there is a dearth of research that examines these needs among adult dental patients. Objectives: This study aims to translate and validate the perceived prosthodontic treatment need scale (PPTN) in Arabic. Methods: The 17-item PPTN scale was translated from English into Arabic and completed by 206 patients seeking prosthodontic treatment in a dental hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out in September and October 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to ascertain the underlying factor structure; a unidimensional scale was hypothesised and tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), including several multiple model fit indices. The assessment of reliability was conducted using Cronbach's alpha. The convergent and discriminant validity of the final scale were examined. Results: EFA produced an 11-item scale distributed into three factors that explain 65.43% of the total variance with eigenvalues > 1. All items showed acceptable reliability, ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. The first factor pertained to social issues, while the second item was concerning dental appearance. Lastly, the third factor included functional difficulties associated with tooth loss or dental problems. The results of the CFA demonstrate a satisfactory level of model fit, with the standardised factor loadings ranging from 0.51 to 0.89. Convergent and discriminant validity of the model factors were established. Conclusion: The translated questionnaire was deemed legitimate and would be useful in comprehending patients' perceived treatment requirements, hence contributing to the advancement of prosthodontic research and practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novice nurses providing care in acute conditions should have satisfactory performance. Accurate and appropriate evaluation of the performance of novice nurses in providing care in acute situations is essential for planning interventions to improve the quality of patient care. This study was conducted to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Perception to Care in Acute Situations (PCAS-P) scale in novice nurses. Methods: In this methodological study, 236 novice nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method. 17-item scale PCAS-P was translated into Persian by the forward-backward process. Then, this version was used for psychometric evaluation. For this purpose, face validity, content validity, and construct validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and stability reliability were calculated. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The PCAS-P scale maintained the meaning of the original English version and was clear, explicit, and understandable for novice nurses. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that this Persian version is consistent with the proposed model and confirmed the fit of the three-factor model. The values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega, Coefficient H, and average inter-item correlation were excellent for the overall scale and its dimensions, and the three latent factors had good convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the average measurement size was 0.944 ICC (95% CI 0.909 to 0.969). Conclusion: The PCAS-P scale is valid and reliable for measuring novice nurses' perception of acute situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of sexual harassment has become a global problem, and nursing, like other professions, has not been immune to this issue. By having a valid and reliable instrument, healthcare personnel can be helped in preventing and managing this problem and reduce its negative consequences on mental health and well-being. The aim of this study was developing and psychometrically measuring the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale. Materials and methods: This study is the second phase of a mixed method study. Initially in the first phase, a qualitative approach with conventional content analysis was used to explain nurses' experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace. To design the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale, qualitative data and literature were reviewed. In the quantitative phase (second phase), the target scale was psychometrically evaluated using content validity (14 experts), face validity (12 nurses with being sexually harassed), construct validity (316 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences), and reliability (internal consistency and repeatability). Results: A 15-item scale with two components: "latent sexual harassment" (9 items) and "manifest sexual harassment" (6 items), which explained 68.4% of the total variance was developed. Also, due to the strong correlation between the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r = 0.67), convergent validity was confirmed. Also, the scale of the present study had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.94, Omega coefficient = 0.94, and ICC = 0.92). Conclusion: Given the importance of sexual harassment among nurses, measuring the dimensions of this problem may allow professionals to plan interventions to prevent it. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the psychometric properties of the " Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale" with 15 items are acceptable and this scale can be used in the clinical environment. A further study within the nursing community is recommended to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is an effective treatment for individuals experiencing imbalance and dizziness, helps to improve the quality of life. Lack of culturally valid questionnaires to assess the outcome from VRT necessitates the development of reliable and culturally valid questionnaire to measure the outcomes of VRT. Hence, the current study aimed to develop a culturally valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring the outcome of VRT in Indian population and to translate it into Malayalam and Kannada. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology of a tertiary care hospital. The questionnaire was constructed based on thorough literature search of existing questionnaires related to dizziness and vestibular disorders in relevant to the Indian context. Content validity was assessed by expert reviewers using a rating scale, and the questionnaire was translated into two south Indian languages (Malayalam and Kannada). The questionnaire was then administered on 12 patients undergoing VRT to assess its initial validation. The questionnaire was named as 'Effect of Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy Questionnaire (EVRT-Q)', consisted of 25 questions divided into three domains: symptom, function, and emotion. The questionnaire demonstrated good content validity with a Content Validity Index greater than 0.8 for each question in all domains. The questionnaire possesses a high internal consistency when measured using Cronbach's alpha. Hence, the EVRT-Q appears to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the outcome from VRT in Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]