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Guiding industries to produce in an effective and environmentally sustainable manner has become a key issue for governments around the world. Over the past 15 years, series of regional and industrial development policies have been introduced by the Chinese government. This has influenced the geographical distribution and energy efficiency performance of China’s industries. This paper quantifies the influence of enterprises geographical distribution on energy efficiency improvement in the paper industry and aims at providing some helpful suggestions on industrial development to policy makers. The main results show that, firstly, the paper industry in eastern China shows obvious characteristic of agglomeration. The average location quotient is 1.2278. However, following the industrial and regional development policies, the characteristic of agglomeration is weakening. Secondly, only when agglomeration reaches a certain level (location quotient is above 0.5447) will industrial agglomeration positively impact on industrial energy efficiency improvement (a 1% increase in agglomeration will increase dynamic energy efficiency by at least 0.23%). Thirdly, the regional development policies carried out by the government slow the pace of energy efficiency improvement in China’s paper industry. The empirical results indicate that the government needs to consider regional characteristics and consciously guide industrial enterprises to concentrate in the dominant area.

Background: In spite of the continuous efforts and investments in the last decades, lignocellulosic ethanol is still not economically competitive with fossil fuels. Optimization is still required in different parts of the process. Namely, the cost effective usage of enzymes has been pursued by different strategies, one of them being recycling. Results: Cellulase recycling was analyzed on Recycled Paper Sludge (RPS) conversion into bioethanol under intensified conditions. Different cocktails were studied regarding thermostability, hydrolysis efficiency, distribution in the multiphasic system and recovery from solid. Celluclast showed inferior stability at higher temperatures (45-55 ºC), nevertheless its performance at moderate temperatures (40ºC) was slightly superior to other cocktails (ACCELLERASE®1500 and Cellic®CTec2). Celluclast distribution in the solid-liquid medium was also more favorable, enabling to recover 88 % of final activity at the end of the process. A Central Composite Design studied the influence of solids concentration and enzyme dosage on RPS conversion by Celluclast. Solids concentration showed a significant positive effect on glucose production, no major limitations being found from utilizing high amounts of solids under the studied conditions. Increasing enzyme loading from 20 to 30 FPU/ gcellulose had no significant effect on sugars production, suggesting that 22 % solids and 20 FPU/gcellulose are the best operational conditions towards an intensified process. Applying these, a system of multiple rounds of hydrolysis with enzyme recycling was implemented, allowing to maintain steady levels of enzyme activity with only 50 % of enzyme on each recycling stage. Additionally, interesting levels of solid conversion (70-81 %) were also achieved, leading to considerable improvements on glucose and ethanol production comparatively with the reports available so far (3.4 and 3.8 fold, respectively). Conclusions: Enzyme recycling viability depends on enzyme distribution between the solid and liquid phases at the end of hydrolysis, as well as enzymes thermostability. Both are critical features to be observed for a judicious choice of enzyme cocktail. This work demonstrates that enzyme recycling in intensified biomass degradation can be achieved through simple means. The process is possibly much more effective at larger scale, hence novel enzyme formulations favoring this possibility should be developed for industrial usage., This work had the fnancial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/ BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and the MultiBiorefnery project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403). Furthermore, FCT equally supported the Ph.D. grant to DG (SFRH/BD/88623/2012)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Co-incineration with municipal solid waste (MSW) is an efficient method in disposal of paper sludge (PS). CFD technology was adopted to verify the possibility of different blending ratio of sludge to combust with MSW in a 750 t/d waste incinerator, and to predict the impact of different moisture content of sludge on co-combustion. In this paper, the reliability of the numerical model is verified by comparing predicted results with operating data; the sludge which contain 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 67% moisture content were blended with MSW by the mass proportion of 5% (wet basis, the same below), 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The simulation shows that mass residual on bed increases from 19.8% to 27.6% with the mass percentage of sludge rising from 5% to 25%; as the moisture content in sludge increased, the volatiles release and fixed carbon burning are both delayed. The solid gasification efficiency has a negative correlation with blending ratio of sludge and moisture content of sludge. The NO emission is observed to be positively correlated to the percentage of sludge and the highest is not higher than 162 mg/Nm3. Raw paper sludge with high content of water will aggravate coking and corrosion on rear flue wall because of local high temperature. The result indicates that co-combustion of 25 wt% sludge (up to 67% moisture) with MSW is feasible which maintains the furnace temperature, mass residual and several pollutants in allowable range. However, partially dried paper sludge is more proper for incinerator in the consideration of mitigating corrosion. The current work greatly help to understand the effect of paper sludge and its moisture content in large-scale waste incinerator.

Energy efficient cultivation is the major bottleneck for microalgal biomass production on a large scale and considered very difficult to attain at northern latitudes. In this study an unconventional method for industrial microalgae cultivation for bio-oil production using pulp and paper mill waste resources while harvesting only once a year was performed, mainly in order to investigate the energy efficiency of the process. Algae were cultivated for three months in 2014 in covered pond systems with access to flue gas and waste heat from the industry, and the biomass was recovered as thick sediment sludge after dewatering. The cultivation systems, designed to manage the waste resources, reached a promising photosynthetic efficiency of at most 1.1%, a net energy ratio (NER) of 0.25, and a projected year-round energy biomass yield per area 5.2 times higher than corresponding rapeseed production at the location. Thus, microalgae cultivation was, for the first time, proven energy efficient in a cold continental climate. Energy-rich indigenous communities quickly out-competed the oleaginous monocultures used for inoculation. The recovered biomass had higher heating values of 20–23 MJ kg− 1 and contained 14–19% oil dominated by C16 followed by C18 fatty acids. The cultivation season at 59°15′N, 14°18′E was projected to be efficient for 10 months and waste heat drying of the biomass is suggested for two winter months. The technique is proposed for carbon sequestering and energy storage in the form of microalgal sludge or dry matter for later conversion into biochemicals.

The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of calcination and cooling conditions on pozzolanic reactivity of waste paper sludge. Calcined paper sludge (CPS) is prepared by different temperatures of calcination, duration of calcination and cooling methods. Pozzolanic activity of CPS was investigated by using API (Assessed Pozzolanic Activity Index) and SAI (Strength Activity Index) in accordance with ASTM C618 -17 (KS L 5405) and consumption of Ca(OH)2 hydrate in mortars with CPS in detail, and compared to that of commercial fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) used in the concrete industry. Results revealed CPS produced from waste paper sludge had excellent pozzolanic activity compared with commercial pozzolanic admixtures such as FA or BFS. Their pozzolanic activity was most excellent in calcination temperature of 700 °C, calcination duration of 2 h and cooling method of water quenching. SAI (%) of mortar with CPS produced under optimal conditions was 96% at 28 days of age, and satisfied the quality of fly ash (Class F) as specified in ASTM C618 -17 (KS L 5405). There was linear relation between API (%) and SAI (%) of mortars with CPS, and the correlation coefficient was relatively good as 0.8 at 28 days of age. The API method is recommended as rapid and appropriate evaluation of the pozzolanic activity of the CPS.

The durability and safe operation of electrical equipment and devices with mixed insulation systems (solid/fluid - electro-insulating paper/oil) is determined by the insulation aging under simultaneous and synergic actions of electrical, thermal and chemical stress factors etc. In this context, degradations of insulating paper exposed to thermal aging in 5 different types of electro-insulating fluid have been studied experimentally. Liquid chromatography determinations have shown that the total content in furan products (resulting from cellulose degradation) in mineral oils is substantially higher than in electro-insulating fluid sorts based on of synthetic ester and/or natural ester (vegetable oil). This is due to the temperature between 90 oC and 130 oC when the activation energy of the furans formation process is up to 7.5 times lower in mineral oils than in ester-based oils. Degree determinations of cellulose polymerization (viscosimetric method) before and after exposure to heat treatment indicated that mineral oils degrade the electro-insulating paper much more strongly than ester-based oils (both synthetic and natural). Obtained results by liquid chromatography and by viscosity are in accordance with the images obtained by optical microscopy (at X 100).

© 2013 IEEE. With the rapid growth of scientific publications, it is hard for researchers to acquire appropriate papers that meet their expectations. Recommendation system for scientific articles is an essential technology to overcome this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel low-rank and sparse matrix factorization-based paper recommendation (LSMFPRec) method for authors. The proposed method seamlessly combines low-rank and sparse matrix factorization method with fine-grained paper and author affinity matrixes that are extracted from heterogeneous scientific network. Thus, it can effectively alleviate the sparsity and cold start problems that exist in traditional matrix factorization based collaborative filtering methods. Moreover, LSMFPRec can significantly reduce the error propagated from intermediate outputs. In addition, the proposed method essentially captures the low-rank and sparse characteristics that exist in scientific rating activities; therefore, it can generate more reasonable predicted ratings for influential and uninfluential papers. The effectiveness of the proposed LSMFPRec is demonstrated by the recommendation evaluation conducted on the AAN and CiteULike data sets.

Oil-paper insulation will inevitably endure impulse voltage with a superimposed dc voltage (superimposed voltage) because of introduced lightning or switching, which can induce charge accumulation and trigger flashover during the operation of a converter transformer. Temperature rise is also a nonnegligible factor that can significantly influence the performances of oil-paper insulation. This paper aims to reveal the effects of ambient temperature and superimposed voltage on surface charge and flashover behaviors in an oil-paper insulation system. Surface potential decay (SPD) experiments were performed under superimposed voltage with various polarity and amplitude combinations and at the temperature ranging from 20 °C to 80 °C. The results show that the initial surface potential and decay rate increase as the amplitude of the impulse voltage increases at 20 °C. The initial surface potential declines, and the process of SPD is accelerated at higher temperatures because of the increased concentration of shallow traps. Subsequently, flashover tests were conducted under superimposed voltage. It is found that flashover occurs after applying superimposed voltages even with a rather low dc voltage. In addition, the dc voltage component is primarily responsible for flashover. Weibull results also indicate that it is prone to trigger flashover at higher temperatures, because thermal excitation helps more carriers to escape from deep traps and participate in the process of flashover. Accordingly, the insulation characteristics of oil-paper system can be significantly influenced by superimposed voltage and temperature, which should draw great concern among the power grid.

With the rapid growth of scientific publications, research paper recommendation which suggests relevant research papers to users can bring great benefits to researchers. In this paper, we focus on the problem of recommending conference papers to the conference attendees. While most of the related existing methods depend on the content-based filtering, we propose a unified conference paper recommendation method named $CPRec$ , which exploits both the contents and the authorship information of the papers. In particular, besides the contents, we exploit the relationships between a user and the authors of a paper for recommendation. In our method, we extract several features for a user-paper pair from the citation network, the coauthor network, and the contents, respectively. In addition, we derive a user’s pairwise preference towards the conference papers from the user’s bookmarked papers in each conference. Furthermore, we employ a pairwise learning to rank model which exploits the pairwise user preference to learn a function that predicts a user’s preference towards a paper based on the extracted features. We conduct a recommendation performance evaluation using real-world data and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

In this research, we carried out the process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of paper industry wastes with/without chemical pretreatment, using reactors in batch with anaerobic biofilms developed in spheres covered with ixtle fiber cord. Biofilms were previously developed a UASB reactor using anaerobic sludge with acid/thermal pretreatment to remove hydrogen consuming bacteria. Subsequently, the process of saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSF) of paper industry waste without chemical pretreatment was evaluated using batch reactors with developed anaerobic biofilms. The key process parameters were: pH (4, 5 and 6) and enzyme loading of Celluclast enzyme (10, 40 and 70 FPU) at a temperature of 45° C The results for hydrogen production with paper industry wastes without pretreatment showed optimal working conditions to maximize hydrogen production by SSF process at: pH (5) and an enzyme load of 70 FPU, so the maximum hydrogen yield obtained was 31.188 mmol/h × gSV. The results obtained from the evaluation of the process of SSF performed with paper industry wastes subjected to chemical pretreatment with H 2 SO 4 2.5% showed the optimum working conditions to maximize hydrogen production: pH (4), an enzyme load of 70 FPU, the maximum value of hydrogen yield obtained was 55 844 mmol/h *gSV. The key process parameters were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a two factor-three level central composite design (CCD), using as variables: pH (4.5 and 6), enzyme loading of Celluclast ® (10, 40 and 70 UPF) and temperature (45 °C), for paper industry wastes with/without acid pretreatment. The results showed the analysis of variance was performed to test the importance of the polynomial equation of second order, so equations obtained for both residues (with/without pretreatment) describe the hydrogen yield in this study.

This study aims to examine the economic and environmental benefits of recovered paper and potential contribution of the recovered paper to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Vision 2030. The Vision 2030 is an inclusive development policy, recently launched, with the objectives to build the best future for the country. The Vision 2030 is based on three ambitious goals: making the country a vibrant society, a thriving economy and an ambitious nation. It is estimated that by 2030, 5.05 million ton of waste paper would be recovered in the country. About 11.3 billion SAR (US $3.01 billion) would be added to the country’s GDP and would create about 16,536 new jobs if the recovered paper industry is built in the country. Moreover, a net environmental benefit of 9.6 million crude barrel oil savings and 4.5 million ton of CO2 savings from GHG emissions could be achieved by 2030 only from the paper waste recovery in the country. The potential benefits of paper waste recycling in KSA highlight the needs of effective measures to optimize the economic and environmental opportunities inherited in the waste paper industry. These measures should focus on capitalizing the local waste paper processing industry, restrict the export of raw waste paper materials, and enhance the waste paper collection process and quantity.

Academic conferences offer numerous submission tracks to support the inclusion of a variety of researchers and topics. Work in progress papers are one such submission type where authors present preliminary results in a poster session. They have recently gained popularity in the area of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) as a relatively easier pathway to attending the conference due to their higher acceptance rate as compared to the main tracks. However, it is not clear if these work in progress papers are further extended or transitioned into more complete and thorough full papers or are simply one-off pieces of research. In order to answer this we explore self-citation patterns of four work in progress editions in two popular HCI conferences (CHI2010, CHI2011, HRI2010 and HRI2011). Our results show that almost 50% of the work in progress papers do not have any self-citations and approximately only half of the self-citations can be considered as true extensions of the original work in progress paper. Specific conferences dominate as the preferred venue where extensions of these work in progress papers are published. Furthermore, the rate of self-citations peaks in the immediate year after publication and gradually tails off. By tracing author publication records, we also delve into possible reasons of work in progress papers not being cited in follow up publications. In conclusion, we speculate on the main trends observed and what they may mean looking ahead for the work in progress track of premier HCI conferences.

Different heating processes were applied to pretreat the pulp and paper mill sludge to enhance the hydrolysis stage. Hot air oven, autoclave, microwave and water bath were used for comparison. Chemical analyses exposed that all the pretreatment methods have shown improvement in solubilisation of organic matter. Among the pretreatments studied, heat transfer through hot air (80 °C for 90 min) mode had the highest impact on sludge solubilisation. There was an increase in cellulose (P = 0.0096), acid soluble (P = 0.0053) and insoluble lignin (P = 0.0012), but decrease in hemicellulose (P = 0.0009) content after pretreatment. The XRD and FT-IR spectroscopic characterisation shows the development of aliphatic, unsaturated and carbonyl carbon functionalities in the pretreated samples at higher severities. FESEM picture also confirms the change in structure after pretreatment. Thus, pretreatments contribute to disruption of the lignocellulosic structure making the cellulose easily accessible to acidogenic microorganisms.

Nowadays, recommender system has become one of the main tools to search for users’ interested papers. Since one paper often contains only a part of keywords that a user is interested in, recommender system returns a set of papers that satisfy the user’s need of keywords. Besides, to satisfy the users’ requirements of further research on a certain domain, the recommended papers must be correlated. However, each paper of an existing paper citation network hardly has cited relationships with others, so the correlated links among papers are very sparse. In addition, while a mass of research approaches have been put forward in terms of link prediction to address the network sparsity problems, these approaches have no relationship with the effect of self-citations and the potential correlations among papers (i.e., these correlated relationships are not included in the paper citation network as their published time is close). Therefore, we propose a link prediction approach that combines time, keywords, and authors’ information and optimizes the existing paper citation network. Finally, a number of experiments are performed on the real-world Hep-Th datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal and achieve good performance.

The ash condensation ability of the cigarette paper is an important factor affecting the cigarette grades. In this study, we put forward an effective method of improving this ability. Xanthan gum was successfully synthesized, applied as an ash integrator in the dip-coating process of cigarette paper production, and showed good performance. Cationic guar gum, cellulose phosphate and Hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been added in the pulp and showed better performance of the ash condensation property. The ash become much whiter and the scatter of the ash have been suppressed. Moreover, the further addition of HAP would result in a worse combustion efficiency, leading to the burning out of the cigarette in early time.

Purpose This study aims to provide control of liquids, especially against water-based ink on the paper and paperboard surface with natural substances, in also practical and greenway. Design/methodology/approach The paper surface was treated with natural rosin and its derivatives to obtain a hydrophobic effect and to improve printing properties. The oleoresin samples collected from Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus pinaster Aiton trees in the controlled area and turpentine content removed was by hydrodistillation. The gum rosin (GR), fortified 10% with maleic anhydride (MGR) and esterified with 10% pentaerythritol (PMGR) samples solved in a simply alcohol and sprayed the base paper surface directly with a spray gun. Base paper samples were paperboard, bleached paper and test liner paper. Then, flexo printing was applied and printability properties were measured. Findings The treatment weights of these paper samples were 1.8 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 0.7 ± 0.2 g/m2, respectively, compared to the base paper. Greater Cobb60 results were obtained from modified rosin samples than unmodified gum rosin-sized paperboards and the PMGR surface treatment reduces Cobb60 values by 20% and MGR treatment reduces 15% comparing to the base sheet. Then, the printing procedure was applied to the surface of the treated materials using a flexo printing system. As a result of the treatment better print density, chroma and print lightness value consumed a less hydrophobic agent and controlling water-based flexo ink on the base paper surface. Originality/value The unique aspect of this work was improving the hydrophobicity of the paper surfaces was achieved by spraying with natural rosin and derivatives.

PurposeThe industry is relying on the preventive maintenance techniques that can minimize failures and provide industrial plants with effective equipment, but in many companies the maintenance tasks are performed very frequently and not as per plan and do not take into consideration the conditions of the plant and equipments. The failure of each and every component needs to be studied in order to choose the best maintenance strategy. This paper presents a fuzzy VIKOR (Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) technique which is used in developing a comprehensive approach for maintenance strategy selection in the Deinking plant of the paper industry to choose the appropriate maintenance strategy thereby reducing the unnecessary cost incurred on the maintenance.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the Fuzzy VIKOR based methodology was applied for determining the maintenance criticality index of the deinking plant of the paper industry. The effect of failure of components were evaluated by three maintenance experts on five performance criteria that is chance of failure, chance of non-detection, downtime length, severity, spare part criticality. The components were ranked according to the maintenance criticality index and thereby implementing the appropriate maintenance strategy.FindingsThe Fuzzy VIKOR technique was applied to calculate the ranking of various components of paper industry based on the views and judgment of three maintenance experts. The proposed technique suggested the appropriate maintenance strategy for various components taking into consideration the maintenance criticality index of the components.Originality/valueThe proposed technique will help the maintenance managers to solve a discrete problem with non-commensurable and conflicting criteria. The study will help the industries to reduce the unnecessary maintenance tasks and thereby reduce the maintenance cost. This will help the maintenance practitioners in choosing the best and most effective strategy for the organization with regard to the market and company situation especially in the changing business requirement of Industry 4.0.

The use of online learning and subsequent online testing has expanded rapidly in pharmacy programs across the United States. Numerous published studies have compared online learning with traditional methods in pharmacy. However, no such studies have been published in pharmacy. This study's objective is to compare first-professional year student preferences for computer-based vs. traditional paper-and-pencil testing for a required social and administrative pharmacy class.All students enrolled in the class were invited to complete one brief survey at the end of the semester to determine their testing preference.Of the 138 first-professional year students completing the survey, 79% (109 of 138) preferred computer-based testing, 9% had no preference, 6% (8 of 138) preferred paper-and-pencil testing, and the remainder (8 of 138) stated it depended on what was being tested. Ninety-one percent of students did not perceive the testing method to impact their grades. Students preferred computer-based testing over traditional paper-and-pencil as a convenient testing method (mean 4.73 vs. 3.4, P.001), providing immediate feedback (mean 4.87 vs. 1.91, P.001), and as a more effective testing method (mean 4.57 vs. 3.96, P.001).First-professional year students preferred computer-based over traditional paper-and-pencil testing for a social and administrative science class, with the method of testing not perceived to impact grade. This finding is timely, given the recent required transitioning of all pharmacy classes and subsequent testing to an online format due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic.

The authors of the title paper (Journal of Optics 49:181–186, 2020) claim to have grown a so-called urea potassium dichromate (UPDC) by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar amounts of urea and potassium dichromate and characterized it based on a unit cell study. A critical analysis reveals that the claims in the title paper are erroneous. Hence, we reinvestigated the crystal growth reaction and determined the structure of the product crystal. Based on these studies, we prove that due to no chemical reaction between the reagents fractional crystallization of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) occurs and not formation of any so-called UPDC crystal. Taking the title crystal as an example we show the importance of reporting single-crystal structure for new compound characterization.

With this position paper, we want to draw the attention of the community toward theoretical work and practical opportunities that have been overlooked so far regarding concepts, principles, and design knowledge for the user experience of Augmented and Mixed Reality content, I/O devices, interactions, applications, and systems. Despite considerable innovations in commercial products and research prototypes enabling Augmented and Mixed Reality worlds, how to design great user experiences in such worlds has been overall neglected at core, while the information and knowledge currently available to practitioners cover usability aspects mostly. Therefore, we advocate for theoretical foundations of the user experience in Augmented and Mixed Reality and propose several directions for more scientific research in this regard.

Paper-based digital microfluidic biochip (PB-DMFB) technology provides a promising solution to many biochemical applications. However, PB-DMFB manufacturing process may suffer from potential security threats. For example, both Trojan insertion and man-in-the-middle attack may affect the functionality of PB-DMFBs. To ensure the correct functionality of PB-DMFBs, we propose a watermarking scheme to hides information in the PB-DMFB layout, which allows users to check design integrity and authenticate the source of the PB-DMFB design. As a result, it serves as a first countermeasure against both Trojan insertion and man-in-the-middle attacks for PB-DMFBs.

In the age of Evidence-Based Medicine, Clinical Guidelines (CGs) are recognized to be an indispensable tool to support physicians in their daily clinical practice. Medical Informatics is expected to play a relevant role in facilitating diffusion and adoption of CGs. However, the past pioneering approaches, often fragmented in many disciplines, did not lead to solutions that are actually exploited in hospitals. Process Mining for Healthcare (PM4HC) is an emerging discipline gaining the interest of healthcare experts, and seems able to deal with many important issues in representing CGs. In this position paper, we briefly describe the story and the state-of-the-art of CGs, and the efforts and results of the past approaches of medical informatics. Then, we describe PM4HC, and we answer questions like how can PM4HC cope with this challenge? Which role does PM4HC play and which rules should be employed for the PM4HC scientific community? This research received no external funding

A range of energy fuels (ethanol, char, oil/wax and gas) was produced from fibre waste contaminated with plastic through the application of a fermentation-pyrolysis route. The fibre component was first converted to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), achieving an ethanol concentration of 39.8 g/L. The residue, enriched in lignin and plastics, was subjected to fast pyrolysis at temperatures between 350 and 550 °C. A wax product with a higher heating value (HHV) higher than 28 MJ/kg was obtained for temperatures higher than 450 °C, while values lower than 15 MJ/kg were observed for the oils produced from the untreated waste stream. Pyrolysis at 550 °C produced a wax with an HHV as high as 32.1 MJ/kg, where 51.8% of the energy content of the fermentation residue was transferred. The attractive energy contents of the pyrolysis products were enabled by oxygen removal from the feedstock during fermentation to ethanol.

The present work establishes the cost-effective and miniature microfluidic self-pumping paper based enzymatic biofuel cell (P-EBFC). The developed Y-shaped P-EBFC consists of buckeye composite multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) buckypaper (BP) based bio-anode and bio-cathode that were immobilized with electro-biocatalytic enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and laccase, respectively. The electrocatalytic activity of enzymes on electrode surface is confirmed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Such immobilized bio-anode and bio-cathode show exquisite electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and O2, respectively. Most appealingly, P-EBFC can directly harvest energy from widely available beverages containing glucose such as Mountain Dew, Pepsi, 7up and fresh watermelon juice. This could provide potential application of P-EBFC as a portable power device.

When it comes to leaked credentials and credit card information, we observe the development and use of anti-fingerprinting browsers by malicious actors. These tools are carefully designed to evade detection, often by mimicking the browsing environment of the victim whose credentials were stolen. Even though these tools are popular in the underground markets, they have not received enough attention by researchers. In this paper, we report on the first evaluation of four underground, commercial, and research anti-fingerprinting browsers and highlight their high success rate in bypassing browser fingerprinting. Despite their success against well-known fingerprinting methods and libraries, we show that even slightest variation in the simulated fingerprint compared to the real ones can give away the presence of anti-fingerprinting tools. As a result, we provide techniques and fingerprint-based signatures that can be used to detect the current generation of anti-fingerprinting browsers.

During the process of pulp- and papermaking, large volumes of fibre-rich primary sludge are generated. Anaerobic digestion of primary sludge offers a substantial potential for methane production as an alternative approach to the inefficient energy recoveries by commonly used incineration techniques. However, a systematic study of the importance of upstream process techniques for the methane potential of pulp fibres is lacking. Therefore, biochemical methane potentials were determined at mesophilic conditions for 20 types of fibres processed by a variety of pulping and bleaching techniques and from different raw materials. This included fibres from kraft, sulphite, semi-chemical, chemical thermo-mechanical (CTMP) and thermo-mechanical pulping plants and milled raw wood. The pulping technique was clearly important for the methane potential, with the highest potential achieved for kraft and sulphite fibres (390–400 Nml CH4 g VS− 1 ). For raw wood and CTMP, hardwood fibres gave substantially more methane than the corresponding softwood fibres (240 compared to 50 Nml CH4 g VS− 1 and 300 compared to 160 Nml CH4 g VS− 1 , respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the organic content demonstrated that the relative lignin content of the fibres was an important factor for methane production, and that an observed positive effect of bleaching on the methane potential of softwood CTMP fibres was likely related to a higher degree of deacetylation and improved accessibility of the hemicellulose. In conclusion, fibres from kraft and sulphite pulping are promising substrates for methane production irrespective of raw material or bleaching, as well as fibres from CTMP pulping of hardwood. Funding agencies: Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Energy AgencySwedish Energy Agency [32802-2]; Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB; Poyry AB; BillerudKorsnas AB; SCA; Fiskeby Board AB; Purac AB; Swedish Research Council FormasSwedi

The performance of an amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture and storage (CCS) process in an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing pulp and board mill was assessed. The pulp and paper industry is an energy-intensive industry, with significant amounts of CO2 emitted onsite. The majority of this CO2 originates from the combustion of biomass, which renders it carbon neutral if the biomass used by the industry is grown and harvested in a sustainable manner. If the CO2 emissions from the pulp and paper industry were to be captured and permanently stored, then this could make the industry a potential carbon sink. In this evaluation, different configurations of capturing CO2 from the flue gases of the recovery boiler, the multi-fuel boiler and the lime kiln were assessed. For a stand-alone Kraft pulp mill, the excess steam available is sufficient to cover the demand from the CO2 capture plant. For an integrated pulp and board mill, there is less excess steam available for the CO2 capture plant and an auxiliary boiler may be required. The retrofit of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant into an existing pulp mill increases the steam demand by 1-8 GJ/air dried tonne (adt) pulp, depending on the volume of the flue gas treated. This translates to a reduction in the amount of electricity exported to the grid by 0.1-1.0 MWh/adt pulp for a stand-alone Kraft pulp mill, and by 0.1-0.5 MWh/adt pulp for an integrated pulp and board mill. The total potential for negative CO2 emissions amounts to just under 2.0 Mt CO2/a both for the market pulp mill and for the integrated pulp and board mill.

The economic feasibility of retrofitting an amine based post-combustion CO2 capture process to an existing Kraft pulp mill and an existing integrated pulp and board mill has been assessed. This study builds on the technical assessment of the energy performance of the mills when retrofitting a post-combustion CO2 capture process by Onarheim et al. (2017). Between 75 to 100% of the CO2 emissions from the pulp and paper industry originate from the combustion of biomass. If the raw material is sourced sustainably, these emissions are categorized as carbon neutral. Applying sustainably managed biomass in the pulp and paper processes and capturing the resulting CO2 for permanent storage enables the industry to go carbon negative. In this study, the economic impact of retrofitting CO2 capture from the flue gases of the recovery boiler, the multi-fuel boiler and the lime kiln were assessed. The levelized cost of pulp and the cost of CO2 avoided were evaluated based on six different scenarios varying the CO2 tax, incentives for renewable electricity production, with and without recognizing biogenic CO2 emissions as neutral (exempting CO2 emissions from tax or not), and rewarding captured and permanently stored CO2 with negative emissions credit. Results show that the pulp and paper industry has a potential for realizing feasible implementation of large-scale industrial Bio-CCS. For cases where 60-90% of total site CO2 emissions are captured, the cost of avoided CO2 amounts to 52-66/t for the Kraft pulp mill and 71-89/t for the integrated pulp and board mill. The cost of avoided CO2, and thus the realization of Bio-CCS in the pulp and paper industry, is strongly dependent on prevailing policy frameworks such as the EU ETS. In order to reach a levelized cost of pulp similar to the reference mill without CO2 capture, a negative CO2 emission credit of 60-70/t CO2 for the Kraft pulp mill and 70-80/t CO2 for the integrated pulp and board mill will be required. As long as biogenic CO2 emissions that are captured and permanently stored are not recognized as negative and rewarded accordingly there is no economic incentive for the owners of pulp and paper mills to implement CCS. The only way to get the pulp and paper industry to implement and deploy Bio-CCS will need the support of the decision-makers in promoting the right policy framework and regulations to encourage the investment such as strong incentives for negative emissions which are bankable during the long term operation of the mills.

This paper describes a user identification method conducted across online social networks (OSNs) using information regarding friends’ locations, in contrast to a conventional method based on the similarity of two display names. This latter method encounters the problem of decreased identification accuracy if a user registers different display names across OSNs. Our proposed method aims at addressing this issue by utilizing information on friends’ locations. We convert location information extracted from an OSN to that of such geographic administrative units as country, state and city, and calculate the weighted occurrence frequency of a location pair on the basis of distance between the pair. This is based on the hypothesis that a friend list relatively rarely includes an account pair whose locations are extremely distant from one another. We calculate a similarity score between two accounts’ weighted occurrence frequencies for each geographic administrative unit. Finally, we identify a user on the basis of individual similarity scores or weighted average scores for a given geographic administrative unit. Evaluation experiments show that our proposed method improves performance over that of a conventional method (accuracy: 83.1%$\rightarrow$91.2%).

International audience; Internet of Things (IoT) is a network where several and various interconnected, smart objects continuously generate alarge amount of data transmitted over Internet. Several efforts and research works in IoT focused on hardware constraints, lowcost, application design, as well as good communication technologies. However, due to the intrinsic characteristics of diversity,heterogeneity, large-scale, dynamic and large volume of data generated and various IoT applications needs, using traditionaldatabase management mechanisms and analytics architectures is not generally suitable. Then, it is challenging to provideefficient IoT data storage and query processing mechanisms for satisfying IoT application needs. This paper identifies the mainspecifications and mechanisms of data and query management for IoT and classifies them. Moreover, this work presentsadvances on data and query management mechanisms on IoT, shows their advantages and limits and discusses the challengingopen research issues that need to be addressed for providing guidelines for further contributions.

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a process that has been examined in the past years for its potential implementation in waste treatment technologies. SCWG can convert organic waste streams from industrial activities into energy. A one of a kind vertical continuous apparatus was constructed at UCT Prague for testing this process. Several experiments with tall soap and black liquor on the hydrothermal gasification apparatus were performed. In this paper, results that permit to compare the influence of different process conditions (residence time, catalyst addition). In addition, practical gasification experiences with real industry waste streams treated in the specific vertical reactor made from stainless steel are presented. All acquired data were obtained from experiments carried at temperature 500 °C and pressure 25 MPa. The reached carbon efficiency when using tall soap and black liquor were 11% and 24%, respectively.

Cellulose pulp was obtained by two processes, alkaline (NaOH) and acid (Organosolv), from residual leaves of Agave tequilana. The objective of this work was to find an added value to the agave leaves, which are a waste of the tequila industry in Mexico. In the acid pulping method, higher cellulose yields were obtained than in the alkaline pulping method; however, the decrease in the content of lignin (34–62%) or of the hemicelluloses present in the precursor was not achieved, even after bleaching. In the alkaline pulping method, lower cellulose yields were obtained; after bleaching, 95–98% of the lignin and all of the hemicelluloses were removed. The XRD patterns showed that the percentage of crystallinity of both pulps was similar with values of 49.88% for the alkaline pulping and 48.43% for the acid pulping. It was found that the percentage of moisture absorption is related to the percentage of crystallinity and the content of hemicelluloses, since when the percentage of crystallinity decreases the content of hemicelluloses and the percentage of moisture absorption increases. The papers obtained by the alkaline pulping method showed a lower percentage of humidity and greater tension resistance.

Due to the security threats faced in the connected world, the consideration of security requirements during system design and modeling has become a necessity. Unfortunately, the identification of new requirements that may arise throughout additional phases of a system’s life-cycle (e.g. operation) must also be considered due to the ever-changing threat landscape. These new requirements may derive in system adaptations or modifications that ensure continuous system security. The identification of these new requirements and the implementation of their derived changes must be performed in a timely manner in order to avoid time windows where the system is vulnerable to security attacks. Unfortunately, the timely implementation of security-related changes is a challenge when dealing with automation systems as it may affect their availability and functionality. This position paper presents an approach that allows semiautomatic identification of system vulnerabilities in order to facilitate the derivation of new requirements that allow to ensure the security of a system. This identification is carried out throughout multiple phases of a system’s life-cycle.

International audience; A layer of Micro Nanofibrillated Cellulose (MNFC) was added during the formation of TMP paper to create a z-structured paper. A MNFC layer was added either on the top or in the middle of the thickness of a TMP sheet using a Dynamic Sheet Former. The MNFC layer basis weight was varied from 2 to 20 g.m-2 for a final paper basis weight of 60 g.m-2. 3D images of the paper structure were obtained by Synchrotron X-ray microtomography, showing that localized MNFC fibrils were retained in the paper structure. The small dimensions of CNF, particularly in width, and the presence of the calcium carbonate in the MNFC layer permit to clearly differentiate the TMP fibers from the MNFC fibrils. The porosity profiles for 100% TMP sheet and 100% MNFC film present a constant internal bulk porosity at about 75% and 38%, respectively. Porosity profiles of the z-structured paper display the presence of 2 or 3 different porosity zones in the internal bulk region. These results confirm the possibility to design papers with targeted porosity gradients in the z-direction without paper post treatment.

The furfural analysis is an effective method to evaluate the aging state of transformer cellulose insulation. However, the existing research on the furfural analysis mainly focuses on ‘oil-paper’ system, without considering the oil-paper-pressboard system. In fact, the mass of insulating pressboard occupies a large proportion in the transformer, and there are obvious differences in the mass ratio of oil-paper-pressboard among transformers with different voltage levels, which will affect the effectiveness of furfural analysis. In addition, oil replacement is an oil treatment method to improve the insulation performance of oil, which will lead to the loss of furfural content in oil. In view of this, a series of experiments and studies were carried out to obtain the modified equation between furfural and degree of polymerization (DP) of paper/pressboard insulation with different oil-paper-pressboard mass ratios under oil replacement condition. Firstly, accelerated thermal aging experiment of insulation samples with various oil-paper-pressboard mass ratios was conducted in the lab, and the effect of oil-paper-pressboard mass ratio on furfural was analyzed. Then, the oil replacement experiments were performed, and the oil replacement compensation factor was proposed. Finally, a modified furfural-DP equation was established. This paper attempts to report a method for analyzing the effect of oil-paper-pressboard mass ratio and oil replacement on furfural-DP equation. These findings are expected to improve the application of furfural analysis in field transformers.

Membrane heat exchangers were used for moisture and heat recovery from a hot and humid natural gas stream in indirect contact with an air stream. A plate membrane module with spiral channels on each side was designed to configure gas and air streams in co-current and counter-current flow. Two types of membranes, a commercial kraft paper, and a laboratory-made thin-film composite membrane, were used as the module core. The thermal efficiency and the water recovery from the humid gas were calculated and compared under different operating conditions. At a unit flow ratio of air/gas, the greatest effectiveness was achieved at a methane flow of 100 cm3/min, but water recovery increased at higher gas flows. For the counterflow configuration, an air/methane flow ratio of 2 was sufficient to achieve the highest total effectiveness and water recovery; however, larger air/gas ratios were beneficial to improve heat and moisture transfer for the co-current configuration. The highest water recovery by the kraft paper and composite membrane was achieved (approximately 15 mgH2O/cm2.h) for the input gas with the highest humidity. The dehumidification performance of kraft paper as a porous and hydrophilic membrane was slightly better than that of the composite membrane containing a dense hydrophilic polymer thin film in most cases. A relatively low heat transfer coefficient was found for the module, which was increased by using higher gas flow rates at higher humidity conditions.

Managing a large fleet of ageing assets has become a technical challenge faced by many electricity utilities in developed countries. Asset managers are increasingly interested in techniques that can help extend the useful lifetime of a transformer. Oil regeneration is one of such techniques. In this paper, oil regeneration experiments were performed on a 6.4/0.4 kV retired distribution transformer to investigate the effect of oil regeneration on improving paper conditions. Oil regeneration was conducted in two stages, with the first stage aimed at ‘cleaning the oil’ and the second stage targeted at ‘cleaning the paper’. Oil samples were collected at regular intervals throughout the process and paper samples were obtained from the transformer before and after each oil regeneration stage. It was found that oil regeneration restores oil parameters, including moisture and acidity, similar to those of new oils at the end of stage 1. Analysis of paper samples indicated a reduction in paper moisture at the end of stage 2 by nearly 40%, while low molecular weight acids (LMA) in paper exhibited a reduction by around 30% on average. It is found that the extended oil regeneration period, i.e., stage 2, is necessary to improve the paper condition and hence to reduce the paper ageing rate.

Waste paper, one of the major components of municipal and industrial wastes, has considerable potential as a low-cost inductive feedstock for enzyme production. In this study, four kinds of waste papers were used for simultaneous production of cellulase and xylanase by Trichoderma longiflorum. The highest FPase activities (3.21 IU/mL and 2.97 IU/mL) were achieved using waste office paper (WOP) and corrugated board (CB), respectively, followed by magazine paper (MP, 2.51 IU/mL) and tissue paper (TP, 2.34 IU/mL). The maximum β-glucosidase activities (0.51 IU/mL) and xylanase activities (382.59 IU/mL) were obtained from CB substrates, which were higher than that in the reported literature using waste paper. Correspondingly, the soluble protein concentrations and SDS-PAGE profiles from CB fermentation revealed that more enzymes were secreted during fermentation compared with other waste paper. Moreover, the structural features of different waste paper were characterized by using SEM and XRD technique and revealed that the structural variations were mainly caused by the raw wood sources and papermaking processes, and further affected the fermentation capacity. In addition, a higher β-glucosidase activity of 0.80 IU/mL were obtained from the mixed carbon source of CB and wheat bran (WB), which were significantly improved and increased by 56.86% when compared with the CB as single carbon source. This study confirmed that the waste paper without pretreatment could be efficiently utilized as an inductive feedstock for simultaneous production of cellulase and xylanase by T. longiflorum. Therefore, these findings obtained from this study will provide a more widely insight into investigating the low-cost inductive feedstock for enzyme production, which were of great benefit both for the economy and environment.

As a part of our research in the field of thermochemical energy storage, this study aims to investigate the potential of three fly ash samples derived from the fluidized bed reactors of three different pulp and paper plants in Austria for their use as thermochemical energy (TCES) and CO2 storage materials. The selected samples were analyzed by different physical and chemical analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) under different atmospheres (N2, CO2, and H2O/CO2). To evaluate the environmental impact, leaching tests were also performed. The amount of CaO as a promising candidate for TCES was verified by XRF analysis, which was in the range of 25–63% (w/w). XRD results indicate that the CaO lies as free lime (3–32%), calcite (21–29%), and silicate in all fly ash samples. The results of STA show that all fly ash samples could fulfill the requirements for TCES (i.e., charging and discharging). A cycling stability test of three cycles was demonstrated for all samples which indicates a reduction of conversion in the first three reaction cycles. The energy content of the examined samples was up to 504 kJ/kg according to the STA results. More energy (~1090 kJ/kg) in the first discharging step in the CO2/H2O atmosphere could be released through two kinds of fly ash samples due to the already existing free lime (CaO) in those samples. The CO2 storage capacity of these fly ash samples ranged between 18 and 110 kg per ton of fly ash, based on the direct and dry method. The leaching tests showed that all heavy metals were below the limit values of the Austrian landfill ordinance. It is viable to say that the valorization of fly ash from the pulp and paper industries via TCES and CO2 storage is plausible. However, further investigations such as cycling stability improvement, system integration and a life cycle assessment (LCA) still need to be conducted.

Machine learning (ML) has increasingly been adopted in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and industrial robotics. In these domains, reliability and safety are important considerations, and hence it is critical to ensure the resilience of ML systems to faults and errors. On the other hand, soft errors are becoming more frequent in commodity computer systems due to the effects of technology scaling and reduced supply voltages. Further, traditional solutions for masking hardware faults such as Triple-Modular Redundancy (TMR) are prohibitively expensive in terms of their energy and performance overheads. Therefore, there is a compelling need to ensure the resilience of ML applications to soft errors on commodity hardware platforms.We first experimentally assess the resilience of safety-critical ML applications to soft errors. We demonstrate through fault injection experiments that even a single bit flip due to a soft error can lead to misclassification in Deep Neural Network (DNN) applications deployed in AVs, leading to safety violations. However, not all the errors in an DNN will result in serve consequences such as safety violations, and hence it is sufficient to protect the DNN from the ones that do. Unfortunately, finding all possible errors that result in safety violations is a very compute intensive task. We propose BinFI, a fault injection approach that efficiently injects critical faults that are highly likely to result in safety violations, based on the unique properties of DNNs. Finally, we propose Ranger, an approach to protect DNNs from critical faults with minimal performance overheads and no accuracy loss. We will conclude by presenting some of our ongoing work, and the future challenges in this area.

The exchange of academic marks between HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) is mandatory in every student mobility programs (i.e. the EU Erasmus Program) but that process remains to present date with insufficient technological support and the absence of a comprehensive reference model that allows the integration of potential technological solutions for the exchange of academic data with existing Academic Information Systems seems to limit greatly the possibility of adopting solutions of this type referred to in the existing literature. This work addresses this issue, conducting an initial bibliographic review aimed at the identification of the fundamental requirements of such an architecture as well as explores some of the technologies that are showing potential for usage in the safe exchange of academic results between partner HEIs, with particular interest in blockchain technology applied in an educational context. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

We demonstrate that XOR Arbiter PUFs with an even number of arbiter chains have inherently biased responses, even if all arbiter chains are perfectly unbiased. This rebukes the believe that XOR Arbiter PUFs are, like Arbiter PUFs, unbiased when ideally implemented and proves that independently manufactured Arbiter PUFs are not statistically independent.

Recommendation approaches generally fail to recommend newly-published papers as relevant, owing to the lack of prior information about the said papers and, more particularly, problems associated with cold starts. It would appear, to all intents and purposes, that researchers currently interact more on social networks than they normally would in academic circles, and relationships of a purely academic nature have witnessed a paradigm shift, in keeping with this new trend. In existing paper recommendation methods, the social interaction factor has yet to play a pivotal role. The authors propose a social network-based research paper recommendation method, that alleviates cold start problems by incorporating users' social interaction, as well as topical relevancy, among assorted papers in the Mendeley academic social network using a novel approach, random walk Ergodic Markov Chain. The system yields improved results after cold start alleviation, compared with the existing system.

The vast majority of power transformers have an insulation system consisting of both insulating mineral oil and Kraft paper. The principal oil degradation agents are oxygen and temperature, whereas the main mechanisms of insulating Kraft paper degradation are water and acids (acidic hydrolysis degradation), temperature (pyrolytic degradation), and oxygen (oxidative degradation).

Every year the pulp and paper industry consumes billions of metres cubed of water and produces huge amounts of highly polluted wastewater that needs to be treated. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment require a high energy input and their environmental impact is debatable. Thus, the need to find new sustainable, environmentally friendly and efficient treatment techniques is urgent. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are the technology of the future since they simultaneously treat wastewater and produce clean energy. The historical development of this technology towards its application to wastewater treatment was described. The application of MFCs in pulp and paper wastewater treatment is a new and developing field of investigation that still needs to overcome many limitations before its use on an industrial scale. This article reviews the limits of conventional treatment methods and the current state of the art MFC systems for pulp and paper wastewater treatment. The paper provides an overview of the electrogenic microorganisms able to produce electricity from pulp and paper wastewater. The bacteria, isolated at different stages of pulp and papermaking, are best suited for electrogenic activity in harsh environments. It was shown that MFC technology fully meets the requirements of sustainable pulp and paper wastewater treatment and, in terms of the input-output energy balance, remains energetically and environmentally competitive when compared to conventional treatment methods.

The potential health and environmental impacts associated with the improper management of chemically treated wood waste demands the adoption of recycling, and disposal practices. Chemically treated wood waste has several physical and chemical properties which makes it usable for the manufacture of another product to multiple use, among which the production of paper and fuel. This paper presents the initial life cycle assessment (LCA) study on wood waste used for paper production. The study boundary is limited with raw materials (raw wood or waste wood) processing and paper production itself, thus corresponds to “gate-to-gate” life cycle with a special focus on life cycle inventory data on waste wood treatment via hydrolysis process. The results of the analysis demonstrate competitiveness of the waste wood use for paper production vs. raw wood in such environmental categories as human health and ecosystem quality.

Power consumption is becoming more expensive by the day. This is not far from the fact that power generation is facing a lot of challenges coupled with increasing demand. Industrial sector power demand shares a significant proportion of this generated power. It is therefore a necessary task to manage well industrial energy use through appropriate energy efficiency methods practice so as to minimise energy losses. In this study energy efficiency opportunities in pulp and paper (P&P) mill are identified and the saving potential is then quantified. An energy flow model with the help of an energy audit are used to quantify energy supply, generation, conversion and end use thereby exposing areas of energy losses of the mill. This analysis will serve as an eye opener to future and current P&P making operations in South Africa, and as a base case for stimulating changes toward more efficient energy utilization in the pulp and paper industry. Quite a reasonable energy losses avenues were identified, audited and options of improvements suggested. The results proved that quite a sensible amount of energy is lost in the P&P case study and a near future look into the opportunities and barriers have been noted.

Purpose Identifying the frontiers of a specific research field is one of the most basic tasks in bibliometrics and research published in leading conferences is crucial to the data mining research community, whereas few research studies have focused on it. The purpose of this study is to detect the intellectual structure of data mining based on conference papers. Design/methodology/approach This study takes the authoritative conference papers of the ranking 9 in the data mining field provided by Google Scholar Metrics as a sample. According to paper amount, this paper first detects the annual situation of the published documents and the distribution of the published conferences. Furthermore, from the research perspective of keywords, CiteSpace was used to dig into the conference papers to identify the frontiers of data mining, which focus on keywords term frequency, keywords betweenness centrality, keywords clustering and burst keywords. Findings Research showed that the research heat of data mining had experienced a linear upward trend during 2007 and 2016. The frontier identification based on the conference papers showed that there were five research hotspots in data mining, including clustering, classification, recommendation, social network analysis and community detection. The research contents embodied in the conference papers were also very rich. Originality/value This study detected the research frontier from leading data mining conference papers. Based on the keyword co-occurrence network, from four dimensions of keyword term frequency, betweeness centrality, clustering analysis and burst analysis, this paper identified and analyzed the research frontiers of data mining discipline from 2007 to 2016.

PurposeHow to provide the most useful papers for searchers is a key issue for academic search engines. A lot of research has been carried out to address this problem. However, when evaluating the effectiveness of an academic search engine, most of the previous investigations assume that the only concern of the user is the relevancy of the paper to the query. The authors believe that the usefulness of a paper is determined not only by its relevance to the query but also by other aspects including its publication age and impact in the research community. This is vital, especially when a large number of papers are relevant to the query.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a group of metrics to measure the usefulness of a ranked list of papers. When defining these metrics, three factors, including relevance, publication age and impact, are considered at the same time. To accommodate this, the authors propose a framework to rank papers by a combination of their relevance, publication age and impact scores.FindingsThe framework is evaluated with the ACL (Association for Computational Linguistics Anthology Network) dataset. It demonstrates that the proposed ranking algorithm is effective for improving usefulness when two or three aspects of academic papers are considered at the same time, while the relevance of the retrieved papers is slightly down compared with the relevance-only retrieval.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed multi-objective academic search framework is the first of its kind that is proposed and evaluated with a group of new evaluation metrics.

Rewinding machines are used in the paper converting industrial sector to unroll paper veils from large source reels and wind them around smaller rolls, for the production of paper logs to be used in household activities. Many different types of rewinding machine exist, and they are mostly based on stapling devices which automatically unroll a large coil of paper, roll it up around a new log, stop the veil allowing it to be torn off, unload the completed paper log, and reload a new paper core to be rolled up. Winding units generally include a primary and a secondary roller, supplying the desired rotational speed for winding, and a pressure unit consisting of a pressure roller in contact with the paper log being rolled up, which assures adequate containment and avoids the paper log to escape. All known systems have some mechanical limitations, mainly due to the contact of the pressure roller with the paper log, causing instabilities and vibrations, particularly when working with soft paper veils. This limits the maximum possible winding speed. The aim of this paper is it to present a detailed kinematic analysis of a novel pressure unit which overcomes the aforementioned limitation.