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Numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of composition gradient and obstacle arrangement on detonation initiation in fuel-rich hydrogen-air mixtures. A third-order WENO method with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) was used to solve the unsteady, fully-compressible, reactive Navier-Stokes equations coupled to a calibrated chemical-diffusive model (CDM). An obstructed channel at a blockage ratio of 0.3 filled with non-uniform hydrogen-air mixtures of an average H 2 concentration 50 vol% was considered. The results show that unilateral obstacle arrangement is more conducive to flame acceleration (FA) and DDT than bilateral obstacle arrangement for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures. For inhomogeneous mixtures, the flame accelerates faster, and the detonation onset time is shorter when obstacles are placed on the sidewall with a hydrogen concentration closer to the stoichiometric ratio than the those when obstacles are placed on the other sidewall. However, the placement of unilateral obstacles on either the upper or lower sidewall does not significantly affect the DDT run-up distance. Besides, for fuel-rich inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures, detonation tends to be initiated in the regions of high H 2 concentration. Idealized models were introduced to simplify the intricate interactions of the reaction waves and flow fields to better understand the connection between H 2 concentration distribution and detonation initiation. The analysis suggests that the minimum shock strength required for detonation initiation decreases with increasing equivalence ratio. This is supported by a kinetics analysis with detailed reaction model, which shows that ignition delay increases with decreasing equivalence ratio when detonation is about to be initiated. • Simulating flame acceleration (FA) and DDT using high-order numerical method. • Studying effects of obstacle arrangement and inhomogeneity of H 2 -air on FA and DDT. • Analyzing through simplified detonation onset models and detail chemical kinetics. • Providing valuable insights on detonation initiation physics in non-uniform mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, environmental temperature has been shown to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which cold exposure affects bone mass remain unclear. In our present study, we observed that exposure to cold temperature (CT) decreased bone mass and quality in mice. Furthermore, a transplant of exosomes derived from the plasma of mice exposed to cold temperature (CT-EXO) can also impair the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and decrease bone mass by inhibiting autophagic activity. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, can reverse cold exposure or CT-EXO-induced bone loss. Microarray sequencing revealed that cold exposure increases the miR-25-3p level in CT-EXO. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-25-3p can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and autophagic activity of BMSCs. It is shown that inhibition of exosomes release or downregulation of miR-25-3p level can suppress CT-induced bone loss. This study identifies that CT-EXO mediates CT-induced osteoporotic effects through miR-25-3p by inhibiting autophagy via targeting SATB2, presenting a novel mechanism underlying the effect of cold temperature on bone mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsLycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have been proven to protect the eyes by inhibiting apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of LBPs on DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs).HCECs were divided into a control group, UVB group and UVB + LBP group and treated with varying concentrations of LBP (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/mL). Then, the effects of LBP on the viability and apoptosis of HCECs were detected via MTT assay and flow cytometry. Additionally, the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells of each group were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress.LBP at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL showed the best effect on promoting the viability and inhibiting the apoptosis of HCECs. Compared with the control group, the UVB and UVB + LBP groups exhibited significantly decreased levels of cell viability and SOD and notably increased apoptosis, MDA, ROS, tail DNA percentage, olive tail moment, p-CHK2, and gamma histone (γH2AX). In contrast to the UVB group, the UVB + LBP group presented notably upregulated levels of cell viability and SOD and downregulated apoptosis, MDA, ROS, tail DNA percentage, olive tail moment, p-CHK2, and γH2AX.The optimal concentration of LBP to promote the viability and reduce the apoptosis of HCECs is 0.4 mg/mL. Moreover, LBP can alleviate DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by UVB in HCECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most important acquired heart disease in children. This study investigated annual incidence, seasonality, secular trend and the correlation of KD incidence with viral activity in Taiwan. Methods: Through the national health insurance database, we identified KD during 2001–2020. The viral activity was obtained from nationwide surveillance database. We analyzed KD age-specific annual incidence, secular trends, seasonality and the correlation between KD incidence and common enteric or respiratory viral activity. Results: The KD incidence of subjects younger than 18 years significantly increased from 2001 to 2020 (11.78 and 22.40 per 100,000 person-years, respectively), and substantially decreased with age. Infants younger than 1 year presented the highest KD annual incidence at 105.82 to 164.34 per 100,000 person-years from 2001 to 2020. For all KD patients, the most frequently occurring season was summer followed by autumn. The KD incidence of infants younger than 1 year had significantly positive correlation with enteric (r = 0.14) and respiratory (r = 0.18) viral activity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the increasing trend of KD annual incidence and seasonality (more in summer and autumn) in Taiwan. The activity of common respiratory and enteric viruses was significantly correlated with KD incidence in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simulate biological visual systems and surpass their functions and performance, it is essential to develop high‐performance optoelectronic neuromorphic electronics with broadband response, low power consumption, and fast response speed. Among these, optoelectronic synaptic transistors have emerged as promising candidates for constructing neuromorphic visual systems. In this work, flexible printed broadband (from 275 to 1050 nm) optoelectronic carbon nanotube synaptic transistors with good stability, high response speed (3.14 ms), and low‐power consumption (as low as 0.1 fJ per event with the 1050 nm pulse illumination) using PbS quantum dots (QDs) modified semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) as active layers are developed. In response to optical pulses within the ultraviolet to near‐infrared wavelength range, the optoelectronic neuromorphic devices exhibit excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and a transition from short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity, and other optical synaptic behaviors. Furthermore, a simplified neural morphology visual array is developed to simulate integrated functions such as image perception, memory, and preprocessing. More importantly, it can also emulate other complicated bionic functions, such as the infrared perception of salmon eyes and the warning behavior of reindeer in different environments. This work holds immense significance in advancing the development of artificial neural visual systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the performance of polymer fuel cells in low-humidity environments. This paper investigates the anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), uses carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as conductive and hydrophobic materials, NH4HCO3 as pore-forming agent. Anode GDL with dual MPL structure was prepared by the spraying method, and dual MPL has gradient hydrophobicity and pore-sized structure, which greatly ensures high efficiency in the water transport process. This has been tested for polarization curves, power density, electrochemical impedance, SEM, roughness, water contact angle, resistivity, etc. It was found that when the total thickness of MPL is 80μm, the thickness of the first layer of MPL is 20μm, and the second layer of MPL is 60μm, which can achieve good electrochemical performance. When humidity is 40%, the power density is higher than SGL29BC, and the current density can reach 1700mA/cm2(Pt=0.2mg/cm2). It is concluded that anode GDL with gradient pore size and gradient hydrophobicity can improve the performance of polymer fuel cells at low humidity (40%), and can enhance the water management ability of cathode GDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death that is dependent on lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, which distinguishes it from other types of programmed cell death. Current research indicates a significant association between ferroptosis and various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, albeit with a relatively unexplored role in dermatological afflictions. This paper elaborates on the mechanisms and signalling pathways of ferroptosis, summarizing the recent studies on ferroptosis and its related factors in dermatosis. Our objective is to shed light on novel perspectives and therapeutic strategies for dermatosis, enhancing the understanding of this under‐researched area through this comprehensive review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of laser peening (LP) on mechanical and wear properties of 304 stainless steel sheet. Design/methodology/approach: Three-dimensional morphology, micro-hardness and micro-structure of shocked samples were tested. The wear amount, wear track morphology and wear mechanism were also characterized under dry sliding wear using Al2O3 ceramics ball. Findings: The LP treatment generates deformation twins that contribute to the grain refinement and hardness increase. The wear test displays that the wear mechanism of samples is mainly abrasive wear and oxidation wear at 10 N load. While at 30 N, the delamination and adhesion areas of treated sample are reduced visibly compared to untreated ones. Originality/value: This study specifically investigates the mechanical and wear properties of 304 stainless steel after the direct action of LP on its surface, which shows an effective improvement on the wear resistance. For example, the wear loss of processed sample is reduced by 19% at 30 N, the friction coefficient decreases from 0.4714 to 0.4308 and the groove depth is reduced from 78.1 to 74.4 µm under same condition. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0007/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising technology for ammonia synthesis under environmental conditions due to its simplicity of operation, high energy conversion, and environmental friendliness. While development of an efficient and stable electrocatalyst is one of the remaining key challenges. In this paper, the electrocatalytic performance of single Ru atoms anchored in Bn-doped graphyne (RuBn@GY) is systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that RuB@GY is a highly efficient NRR electrocatalyst with a distal and alternating mechanism considered to be the most active catalytic pathway, with a limiting potential of only − 0.53 V. Overall, our study facilitates the NRR reaction by controlling the number and position of the doped B atoms to reduce the limiting potential, and this work provides theoretical guidance for the further development of highly active and stable single-atom catalysts (SACs). Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising technology for ammonia synthesis under environmental conditions due to its simplicity of operation, high energy conversion, and environmental friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblasts, among the most prevalent and widely distributed cell types in the human body, play a crucial role in defining tissue structure. They do this by depositing and remodeling extracellular matrixes and organizing functional tissue networks, which are essential for tissue homeostasis and various human diseases. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating syndrome with high mortality, characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and significant cellular and structural changes within the intima, media, and adventitia layers. Most research on PH has focused on alterations in the intima (endothelial cells) and media (smooth muscle cells). However, research over the past decade has provided strong evidence of the critical role played by pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts in PH. These fibroblasts exhibit the earliest, most dramatic, and most sustained proliferative, apoptosis-resistant, and inflammatory responses to vascular stress. This review examines the aberrant phenotypes of PH fibroblasts and their role in the pathogenesis of PH, discusses potential molecular signaling pathways underlying these activated phenotypes, and highlights areas of research that merit further study to identify promising targets for the prevention and treatment of PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of leisure nostalgia on perceived leisure benefits, personal growth, and happiness among individuals who regularly participate in leisure activities. A total of 305 responses were collected from college students who actively participate in field hockey in Singapore. Results indicated that leisure nostalgia had a positive influence on perceived leisure benefits, while there were no direct influences of leisure nostalgia on personal growth and happiness. Moreover, perceived leisure benefits had a positive impact on personal growth, which, in turn, had a positive influence on happiness. However, the direct path from perceived leisure benefits to happiness was not significant. Additionally, the analysis of multiple indirect effects found significant relationships between leisure nostalgia and happiness, between leisure nostalgia and personal growth, and between perceived leisure benefits and happiness. This study extended the understanding of nostalgia in the context of leisure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the background of urbanization in China, we used the dynamic spatial panel Durbin model to study the driving mechanism of ozone pollution empirically. We also analyzed the spatial distribution of ozone driving factors using the GTWR. The results show that: i) The average annual increase of ozone concentration in ambient air in China from 2015 to 2019 was 1.68μg/m3, and 8.39μg/m3 elevated the year 2019 compared with 2015. ii) The Moran's I value of ozone in ambient air was 0.027 in 2015 and 0.209 in 2019, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "east heavy and west light" and "south low and north high". iii) Per capita GDP industrial structure, population density, land expansion, and urbanization rate have significant spillover effects on ozone concentration, and the regional spillover effect is greater than the local effect. R&D intensity and education level have a significant negative impact on ozone concentration. iv) There is a decreasing trend in the inhibitory effect of educational attainment and R&D intensity on ozone concentration, and an increasing trend in the promotional effect of population urbanization rate, land expansion, and economic development on ozone concentration. Empirical results suggest a twofold policy meaning: i) to explore the causes behind the distribution of ozone from the new perspective of urbanization, and to further the atmospheric environmental protection system and ii) to eliminate the adverse impacts of ozone pollution on nature and harmonious social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cu2+ modulated silver nanoclusters were constructed for the turn-on, label-free detection of L-histidine. Six Ag NCs protected by oligonucleotides (DNA-Ag NCs) were tested in a series of experiments. Finally, A-DAN-Ag NCs were chosen as the best candidate due to their excellent fluorescent properties. The fluorescence of A-DAN-Ag NCs was quenched using Cu2+ through energy or electron transfer. However, quenched fluorescence could be restored dramatically in the presence of L-histidine due to Cu2+ liberation from A-DAN-Ag NCs and because of the chelation between the imidazole group of L-histidine and Cu2+. The proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity towards L-histidine over other amino acids, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.096 μM ranging from 0 to 8 μM. The proposed sensor succeeded in detecting L-histidine in diluted human urine. Therefore, the sensor has promising practical applications in biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the oilfield sewage index can reach the reinjection specification is a crucial issue that is urgently need to be solved in polymer flooding systems. Thus the coagulability and floc morphology development of dual coagulants was systematically studied in different pH oily wastewaters. Acidification improved the deprotonation ability of coagulant. Hydrophobic associative polyaluminum silicate-poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PASSC-PD) resolved the problem of excessive acid addition. The dual coagulants prepared not only preserved the high charge density of polyaluminum silicate (PASS) itself but also made it have the hydrophobic association and strong bridging ability. Besides, PASSC-PD was compared with hydrophobic associative polyaluminum silicate (PASS-C), PASS, and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) pertaining to the polymer flooding oily sewage of Daqing Oilfield. The coagulation result demonstrated that PASSC-PD exhibited more advantageous turbidity and oil removal efficiencies than PASS-C, PASS, and PDMDAAC. The floc morphology result showed that adding dual coagulant made the petal-like floc of oily sewage larger at the pH value of 6. Furthermore relevant results evidenced that the coagulant had more successful fruits of turbidity removal of 96.5% and oil removal of 96.3% under weak acid conditions. These can satisfy the reinjection condition of oily sewage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Micelles were in situ incorporated into the thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane. • The stable and monodispersed micelles can essentially regulate the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. • The structure of polyamide layer was optimized by further refinement of the IP process. • The resultant TFN membrane exhibited high water permeance (20.7 L m-2h−1 bar−1) and superior Na 2 SO 4 rejection (99.3 %). The desalination performance of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes is significantly influenced by the nature of nanofillers and the structure of the polyamide (PA) layer. Herein, a micelles regulated interfacial polymerization (MRIP) strategy is reported for the preparation of TFN membranes with enhanced nanofiltration (NF) performance. Specially, stable and ultrafine micelles, synthesized from the poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(4-vinyl pyridine)- b -polystyrene (PEO-PVP-PS) triblock copolymers, were utilized as regulators in the aqueous phase during the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. TFN membranes were fabricated with varying concentrations of micelles to improve their properties and performances. The structure of the PA layer was further regulated by modulating the content of trimesoyl chloride (TMC), which significantly enhances the performance of the TFN membrane with micelles. Attributable to the homogeneously dispersed micelles and the modified PA layer, the optimized membrane denoted as TFN-2–0.3 exhibits an improved separation performance of 20.7 L m-2h−1 bar−1 and 99.3 % Na 2 SO 4 rejection, demonstrating nearly twice the permeance and 2.7 % higher rejection than that of the original control membrane, respectively. The mechanism of this MRIP strategy was investigated through the diffusion experiments of piperazine (PIP) and interfacial tension tests. The incorporated micelles effectively lower the interfacial tension, promote the diffusion of PIP and accelerate the IP reaction, resulting in a denser and thinner PA layer. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TFN membranes with micelles exhibit increased roughness, enhanced hydrophilicity, superior rejection to divalent salts, and better acid-base resistance, highlighting their potential applications in the design of TFN membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Utilize magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) to analyze the primary pelvic floor dysfunctions in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and in SUI patients with asymptomatic POP. Method: We performed MRD in both SUI and POP subjects. As a primary analysis, the functional MR parameters were compared between the isolated POP and POP combined SUI groups. As a secondary analysis, the functional MR data were compared between the POP combined SUI and the SUI with asymptomatic POP (isolated SUI) groups. Results: MRD noted the main characteristics of SUI combined moderate or severe POP, including the shorter closed urethra length (1.87 cm vs. 2.50 cm, p < 0.001), more prevalent urethral hypermobility (112.31° vs. 85.67°, p = 0.003), bladder neck funneling (48.28% vs. 20.51%, p = 0.020), lower position of vesicourethral junction (2.11 cm vs. 1.67 cm, p = 0.030), and more severe prolapse of the posterior bladder wall (6.26 cm vs. 4.35 cm, p = 0.008). The isolated SUI patients showed the shortest length of the closed urethra (1.56 cm vs. 1.87 cm, p = 0.029), a larger vesicourethral angle (153.80° vs. 107.58°, p < 0.001), the more positive bladder funneling (84.85% vs. 48.28%, p = 0.002) and a special urethral opening sign (45.45% vs. 3.45%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with SUI accompanying POP primarily exhibit excessive urethral mobility and a shortened urethral closure. SUI patients with asymptomatic POP mainly show dysfunction of the urethra and bladder neck, characterized by the opening of the urethra and bladder neck and a shortened urethral closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, considered one of the important candidate technologies for green and environmentally friendly large‐scale energy storage, hinge upon the performance of cathode materials as the key factor driving their development. Vanadate oxide is a promising cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity; furthermore, in order to accelerate the reaction kinetics, ion or molecular intercalation is often utilized. However, non‐electrochemically active intercalants tend to cause capacity degradation. In this study, a one‐step hydrothermal method is employed to intercalate electrochemically active poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (PoPDA) into the interlayers of NH4V3O8 (NVO), with graphene oxide (GO) being used to further improve the conductivity of the composite material (NVO/PoPDA@GO). The insertion of PoPDA expands the interlayer spacing of the NVO, alters the charge distribution, and enhances the migration rate of Zn2+ among the hybrid materials. Additionally, PoPDA serves as a support within the interlayers, improving the material stability. Moreover, the reversible transformation and rearrangement of chemical bonds (C═N/C─N) in PoPDA allows for coordination with Zn2+, providing additional capacity. As a result, NVO/PoPDA@GO exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, releasing a specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, even with a capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This work provides a promising direction for the preparation of organic–inorganic composite cathode materials with dual active components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the factors influencing the willingness of older cancer patients to receive palliative care, considering the ‘person-centered’ approach to advance care planning in Taiwan. Autonomy challenges are prevalent among these patients. The retrospective study, conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in southern Taiwan from June 2020 to December 2022, included 195 eligible older cancer patients. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze factors influencing their willingness for palliative care. The optimal logistic regression analysis identified five key factors associated with receiving palliative care: age (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20–0.92), educational level (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.27–6.25), metastatic disease (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 2.08–10.27), hospice and palliative care knowledge (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11–1.57), and attitude (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12–1.33). The findings suggest that younger, more educated patients with metastatic disease, higher knowledge of hospice and palliative care, and positive attitudes toward these services were more likely to receive palliative care. Patients’ awareness of hospice and palliative care, attitudes shaped by such awareness, and disease status significantly influenced their willingness to undergo palliative care. This highlights the increasing vulnerability of older cancer patients to decision-making challenges as their illness progresses, emphasizing the importance of initiating conversations about advance care planning early on. Healthcare practitioners are urged to actively advocate for these discussions, particularly considering the decline in decision-making capacity as the disease advances. Future research should focus on empowering individuals in making end-of-life care choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tidally excited oscillations (TEOs) in Heartbeat Stars (HBSs) are an essential probe of the internal properties of the systems, but their potential has yet to be fully exploited. Based on the orbital parameters of TEO candidates from our previous works, we identify the pulsation phases and amplitudes of TEOs in 14 Kepler HBSs. Most pulsation phases of most systems can be explained by the dominant being l  = 2, m  = 0, or ±2 spherical harmonic, assuming that the spin and orbital axes are aligned, and the pulsations are adiabatic and standing waves. The largest deviation (>6σ) occurs in KIC 8459354, which can be explained by the spin-orbit misalignment, and KIC 5877364 has a similar scenario. For KIC 11122789, almost half of the harmonics show large deviations; we cautiously suggest that these harmonics may not be considered TEO candidates. A similar scenario also exists in KIC 6290740. This phases and mode identification approach can also be used inversely to verify the TEO candidates derived by the Fourier analysis. Furthermore, the harmonics with large deviations (>2σ) in KIC 4377638, KIC 5090937, and KIC 11403032 can be expected to be travelling waves rather than standing waves. In addition, we also suggest that the apsidal motion could cause large deviations in TEO phases from theoretical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the study is to determine whether the use of labor analgesia had a higher risk of pelvic floor functional problems after delivery. Study Design All primiparas who delivered at our hospital between June 2019 and May 2020 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their choices: delivery with labor analgesia (analgesia group, n = 76), and delivery without labor analgesia (nonanalgesia group, n = 78). The primary outcome of the study was to test the pelvic floor function by electromyography (EMG) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Participants also completed questionnaires including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), International Consultation on Incontinent Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks. Results Primiparas in the analgesia group experienced longer first and second stages of labor (p < 0.05), and had significantly higher PFDI-20 scores at postpartum 6 to 8 weeks (p < 0.05). But the differences in ICIQ-SF, OABSS scores, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in class II and class I muscles, scores of pretest resting baseline, and posttest resting baseline between primiparas with or without labor analgesia (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results strongly confirmed that labor analgesia did not increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction up to 6 to 8 weeks after delivery, although symptom burden might be increased after labor analgesia. Key Points Labor analgesia did not increase risk of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction after delivery. There are longer first and second stages of labor in primiparas with labor analgesia. Primiparas with labor analgesia had more obvious subjective symptoms of PFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by its autoimmune nature. This study investigates the role of the IFNγ SNP rs2069705 in modulating the susceptibility to pSS. Differential expression of IFNγ and BAFF was analyzed using the GEO database's mRNA microarray GSE84844. Genotyping of the IFNγ SNP rs2069705 was conducted via the dbSNP website. The JASPAR tool was used for predicting transcription factor bindings. Techniques such as dual-luciferase reporter assays, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, and analysis of a pSS mouse model were applied to study gene and protein interactions. A notable increase in the mutation frequency of IFNγ SNP rs2069705 was observed in MNCs from the exocrine glands of pSS mouse models. Bioinformatics analysis revealed elevated levels of IFNγ and BAFF in pSS samples. The model exhibited an increase in both CD20+ B cells and cells expressing IFNγ and BAFF. Knocking down IFNγ resulted in lowered BAFF expression and less lymphocyte infiltration, with BAFF overexpression reversing this suppression. Activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT1 pathway was found to enhance transcription in the BAFF promoter region, highlighting IFNγ's involvement in pSS. In addition, rs2069705 was shown to boost IFNγ transcription by promoting interaction between its promoter and STAT4. SNP rs2069705 in the IFNγ gene emerges as a pivotal element in pSS susceptibility, primarily by augmenting IFNγ transcription, activating the JAK/STAT1 pathway, and leading to B-lymphocyte infiltration in the exocrine glands. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: The research employed a combination of bioinformatics analysis, genotyping, and experimental models, providing a multifaceted approach to understanding the complex interactions in pSS. We have uncovered that the rs2069705 SNP significantly affects the transcription of IFNγ, leading to altered immune responses and B-lymphocyte activity in pSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is now widely used as an effective strategy to prevent various monogenic or chromosomal diseases. Material and methods: In this retrospective study, couples with a family history of hereditary neurological diseases or metabolic diseases dominated by nervous system phenotypes and/or carrying the pathogenic genes underwent PGT-M to prevent children from inheriting disease-causing gene mutations from their parents and developing known genetic diseases. After PGT-M, unaffected (i.e., normal) embryos after genetic detection were transferred into the uterus of their corresponding mothers. Results: A total of 43 carrier couples with the following hereditary neurological diseases or metabolic diseases dominated by nervous system phenotypes underwent PGT-M: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (13 families); methylmalonic acidemia (7 families); spinal muscular atrophy (5 families); infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and intellectual developmental disorder (3 families each); Cockayne syndrome (2 families); Menkes disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, glycine encephalopathy with epilepsy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, mucopolysaccharidosis, Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, phenylketonuria, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Dravet syndrome (1 family each). After 53 PGT-M cycles, the final transferable embryo rate was 12.45%, the clinical pregnancy rate was 74.19%, and the live birth rate was 89.47%; a total of 18 unaffected (i.e., healthy) children were born to these families. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of PGT-M in preventing children born with hereditary neurological diseases or metabolic diseases dominated by nervous system phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this research was to stratify the level of frailty to examine the risk factors associated with reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) and potentially reversible cognitive frailty (PRCF) in nursing homes to provide a basis for hierarchical management in different stages of frailty. Methods: The study was a cross‐sectional study conducted from September to November 2022; 504 people were selected by stratified random sampling after convenience selection from the Home for the Aged Guangzhou. The structured questionnaire survey was conducted through face‐to‐face interviews using the general data questionnaire, Fried Frailty Phenotype, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Results: In total, 452 individuals were included for analysis. A total of 229 cases (50.7%) were PRCF, 70 (15.5%) were RCF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in pre‐frailty, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15) score (odds ratio (OR) 1.802; 95% CI 1.308–2.483), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) score (0.352; 0.135–0.918) and energy (0.288; 0.110–0.755) were influencing factors of RCF. GDS‐15 score (1.805; 1.320–2.468), IADL score (0.268; 0.105–0.682), energy (0.377; 0.150–0.947), lack of intellectual activity (6.118; 1.067–35.070), admission time(>3 years) (9.969; 1.893–52.495) and low education (3.465; 1.211–9.912) were influencing factors of PRCF. However, RCF with frailty was associated with the Short‐Form Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA‐SF) score (0.301; 0.123–0.739) and low education time (0 ~ 12 years) (0.021; 0.001–0.826). PRCF with frailty was associated with age (1.327; 1.081–1.629) and weekly exercise time (0.987; 0.979–0.995). Conclusions: The prevalence of RCF and PRCF was high among pre‐frail and frail older adults in nursing homes. Different levels of frailty had different influencing factors for RCF and PRCF. Depression, daily living ability, energy, intellectual activity, admission time, education level, nutrition status, age and exercise time were associated with RCF and PRCF. Hierarchical management and intervention should be implemented for different stages of frailty to prevent or delay the progression of cognitive frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic physical disease (CPD) makes life filled with many negative events in adolescents, but not all adolescents experiencing negative life events proceed to develop emotional distress, only those with low emotional distress tolerance (EDT). A valid and reliable scale to measure EDT in CPD adolescents is important for caring for their emotional distress. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to translate the 15‐item English version Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) into a Chinese version and then validate the scale for measuring EDT of adolescents with CPD. Methods: The 15‐item English version DTS was translated into a Chinese version using the translation guidelines for cross‐cultural research. Two cohorts of adolescents with CPD were recruited from four hospitals in southern Taiwan, with the first cohort including 124 adolescents with CPD employed to conduct exploratory factor analysis, corrected item‐total correlation and reliability testing, while the second cohort, consisting of 238 adolescents with CPD, was utilized to examine confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. Results: The two‐factor nine‐item Chinese version DTS for Adolescents with CPD (C‐DTS‐A) was developed. Lower scores of the C‐DTS‐A were significantly associated with higher diabetes distress, poorer self‐management, and worse glycaemic control; their correlation coefficients sequentially were −.40,.17 and −.23. Cronbach's α and the test–retest reliability of the two‐factor C‐DTS‐A ranged from.81 to.87 and from.79 to.89, respectively. Conclusion: The two‐factor nine‐item C‐DTS‐A with good cross‐cultural translation quality was a reliable and valid scale to assess EDT for adolescents with CPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maximum utilization of hydrocracking tail oil becomes increasingly important for petrochemical industry. The aim of this work is to develop optimized distillation processes to achieve various high‐valued qualified oil products from hydrocracking tail oil. Six different oil products is produced and the steady‐state distillation process, which aims to fractionate six qualified narrow distillates is established. The algorithm method incorporating divided‐wall column (DWC) configuration was introduced into the steady‐state design. Compared with traditional separation sequences, the DWC configuration leads to an energy‐saving potential up to 11.17%. Furthermore, effective dynamic control strategies were proposed, demonstrating precise and efficient control performance. In the presence of a 15% feed disturbance, the dynamic control structure is capable of maintaining the product distillation range near the set value. This comprehensive study provides a thorough investigation into the efficient utilization of hydrocracking tail oil, establishing a robust theoretical foundation for its industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTeam cognition is an important indicator to reflect the trend of single pilot operation (SPO) human-machine system team performance. How to measure team cognition to explore different function allocation decisions before the implementation of prototypes or simulators has become a significant step in the early SPO human-machine system design. Therefore, this article proposed a team cognition measurement method based on the social network analysis (SNA) method, namely cognitive social network analysis (CSNA). The CSNA method firstly identified the nodes, edge directions and channel resource values of each task; secondly calculated the cognitive demands of each task based on multiple resource theory; thirdly summed the cognitive demands of the same task to construct the association matrix; and finally calculated global and nodal network metrics. The results of the study showed that (1) the CSNA method could identify design flaws of the initial SPO human-machine system; (2) the CSNA method increased the ability to identify the changes in both the cognitive demands of tasks and the overall workloads of human agents compared to the SNA method; (3) the CSNA method could help researchers make reasonable design suggestions to improve the team performance of the redesigned SPO human-machine system. The above results not only verify the feasibility of the CSNA method, but also show that the CSNA method is superior to the current SNA method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration herein is wave breaking phenomena for the generalized hyperelastic rod wave equation including the Constantin-Lannes and rotation-Camassa-Holm models. We give the precise blow-up scenario and prove that the solution blows up in finite time in the sense of wave breaking, which extend the previous blow-up criteria and also present some new blow-up results for the corresponding equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of intensive poultry breeding in China, the demand for poultry feed raw materials is increasing rapidly. However, the shortage of cereal feed and the persistently high price make it urgent for poultry feed production industry to explore cheaper energy alternative feed. Cassava has the characteristics of high yield, rich starch and fiber, high energy value, etc. It can replace corn or other energy feed in poultry breeding. The effective use of cassava products has been proved to reduce the feed cost of poultry production. However, the utilization of cassava is limited by many factors, such as low protein and anti-nutritional factors. Using correct processing and scientific formula, the addition level of cassava in poultry diet can be improved. In this paper, the nutritional characteristics, feed utilization, and application of cassava in poultry diet were reviewed, which provided a reference for the application of cassava in poultry diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT As an emerging two‐dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) has excellent tribological properties, but the poor dispersion of BP in oil inhibits its application in friction to some extent. Surface modification is one of the effective methods to solve the dispersibility of BP, and the use of nano‐Fe3O4 dotted on the surface of BP improves the dispersion stability of BP in soybean from 3 days to about 15 days. Compared with pure soybean oil, friction coefficient and wear rate of the addition of 0.12 wt% BP/Fe3O4 are reduced 65% and 78%, respectively. To elucidate the excellent tribological mechanisms of BP/Fe3O4 as additives in soybean oil, the compositional and structural characterisation of the abrasion mark surface was studied accordingly. On the one hand, soybean oil reacts with BP/Fe3O4 to form a composite tribo‐film during the scraping process. This tribo‐film composed of amorphous carbon, iron oxide and phosphorus oxide nitrides prevents direct contact between the sliding interfaces. On the other hand, BP and Fe3O4 nanoparticles form a mechanical rollerball structure, which can further reduce interfacial friction and wear through synergistic lubrication. The results provide new insights into the design of additives in biomass lubricating oils and propose new application prospects for BP in the field of lubricating additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is considered as a promising approach for simultaneous CO2 treatment and production of value-added chemicals. Bismuth has been demonstrated as a fascinating electrocatalyst for selective conversion of CO2 to HCOOH. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effects of size, morphology, and carbon supports on the CO2RR performance of Bi catalysts to enhance their electrocatalytic CO2RR activity and HCOOH selectivity. Specifically, Bi nanospheres with varying sizes were synthesized by adjusting the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), achieving similar selectivity for HCOOH but increasing current density with decreasing size. Bi nanoplates and Bi nanoflowers were also prepared through the reduction of BiOCl precursors, with Bi nanoflowers demonstrating a superior morphology compared to other Bi nanocrystals while achieving a HCOOH faradaic efficiency (FEHCOOH) of 95% at −1.6 V vs. SCE and excellent durability over 12 hours. The predominance of *HCOO intermediates in the in situ ATR-SEIRA spectra indicates that during the CO2RR, Bi nanoflowers primarily followed the pathway leading to HCOOH production. Furthermore, incorporation of Ketjenblack into the synthesis process resulted in carbon-supported Bi catalysts, which exhibited approximately 20% enhancement in FEHCOOH within a wide potential range from −1.3 V to −1.8 V vs. SCE due to an improved separation effect and electron transfer capacity provided by carbon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deep separation between In(III) and Fe(III) ions is considered as an important technological challenge in the engineering fields. The In(III) ions are closer to the soft acid in terms of Lewis acidity due to the smaller polarizability and greater deformability than the Fe(III) ions, which facilitates the possibility of separating them. Herein, the Lewis basicity of the N‐containing adsorption sites is regulated by the fluorine‐containing group to better match with the In(III) ions rather than Fe(III) ions, causing a significant discrepancy in the binding of the adsorption sites to them. Moreover, targeted programmed desorption techniques based on the potential energy differences of the adsorption sites can achieve the deep separation of In(III) and Fe(III) ions, and reach an exceptional concentration of 20.7 mmol L−1 for In(III) ions in the initial desorption solution with extremely high mass ratio (mIn/mFe = 151.7). This work provides a novel technique for in‐depth separation of In(III) and Fe(III) ions from mixed systems, and a new strategy for separating metal ions with similar or close properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sandwich plasmonic coupled surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) tape is proposed prepared by peeling the chemical printed silver nanocorals (AgNCs) from Cu sheet with adhesive tape, which can sample targets from food surface and sandwich them between substrates and Cu sheet for SERS detection. The solid-to-solid transformation method for fabricating SERS tapes can effectively avoid the weakening of tape stickiness during the preparation process. The sandwich plasmonic coupled structure of AgNC substrate, targets, and Cu sheet display excellent SERS activity (EF = 1.62 × 107) for sensitive determination of analytes. In addition, due to the high heat conductivity of Cu sheet, the thermal effect of laser irradiation during SERS detection cannot damage the AgNC tapes, which ensures the reproducibility of subsequent quantification. The sandwich plasmonic coupled SERS tape is demonstrated to quantify malachite green (MG) and methyl parathion (MP) with good linear coefficients (> 0.98) by two typical calibration plots under different concentration ranges. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method is 0.17 ng/cm2 and 0.48 μg/cm2 (S/N = 3) for MG and MP. This method can realize the quantitative determination of MP and MG on the surface of fruits and fish scale with recoveries of 93–113%. The satisfactory detection results demonstrate the proposed sandwich plasmonic coupled AgNC tape can be successfully applied to SERS-based point-of-care testing (POCT) for pesticide residue determination, which will provide a new path for designing and constructing SERS tapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purification process and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. were studied. Through a single factor test combined with a response surface test, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll.. Through static and dynamic experiments, the effects of resin type, crude extract concentration, eluent, and elution flow rate on the adsorption and desorption performance of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. were investigated, and the best purification conditions were determined. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. before and after purification was compared by DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical methods. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were ethanol concentration 79%, extraction temperature of 61 °C, extraction time of 2 h, the ratio of liquid to material 20 mL/g, and the extraction rate reached 0.29%. AB-8 macroporous resin had the best effect on the purification of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll.. The best condition was that 40 g/L crude extract was put on the column and 70% ethanol was eluted at 2.0 g/L. Under this condition, the purity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. was increased to 5.31%, which was 11.8 times of the concentration of crude extract. The scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS radicals after purification were 82.44% and 86.22%, which were much higher than those before purification. The study indicates that AB-8 macroporous resin was suitable for separation and purification of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. and the flavonoids have antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work introduces the synthesis of inorganic salt nano/micro-crystals during the reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) by Pluronic triblock copolymers (P123, PEO20–PPO70–PEO20). The morphologies and component were confirmed using an electron microscope with an electronic differential system (EDS), and the crystal structures were determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphologies highly depend on the concentrations of Pluronic and pH values. The mean size of the nanocrystal and hollow micro-crystal were controlled typically in the range of 32–150 nm (side length) and 1.4 μm, respectively. Different from the electrospray–ionization (EI) method, a model in which KCl forms a supersaturated solution in the micellar core of Pluronic is used to explain the formation process. This work provides the new insight that inorganic salt nanocrystals could be synthesized with the template of micelles in pure aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scalars f 0 closest to 1.5 GeV contain the mesons f 0 (1370) , f 0 (1500) and f 0 (1710) , and the latter two ones are usually viewed as the potential candidates for the scalar glueballs. In this work, by including the important contributions from the vertex corrections, we study the decays B 0 → J / ψ f 0 within the improved perturbative QCD approach and analyze the possible scalar glueball hunting. Together with the two mixing models, namely, f 0 (1500) (f 0 (1710)) being the primary scalar glueball in model I (II), and two classification scenarios, namely, f 0 being the q q ¯ excited (ground) states in scenario 1 (2), the branching fractions associated with their ratios for B 0 → J / ψ f 0 are evaluated comprehensively. The predictions with still large uncertainties in the considered two mixing models are roughly consistent with currently limited data, which indicates that both more rich data and more precise predictions are urgently demanded to figure out the scalar glueball clearly in the future. Moreover, several interesting ratios between the branching fractions of B 0 → J / ψ f 0 (→ π + π - / K + K -) and B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 / ϕ (→ π + π - / K + K -) that could help us to understand the nature of scalar f 0 are defined and predicted theoretically. These ratios should be examined in future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accompanied by the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the coexistence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and NAFLD has increased. In the context of CHB, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence the development of NASH. We enrolled CHB combined NAFLD patients who had liver biopsy and divided them to NASH vs. non-NASH groups. A whole transcriptome chip was used to examine the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNA in biopsied liver tissues. The function analysis of HIGD1A were performed. We knocked down or overexpressed HIGD1A in HepG2.2.15 cells by transient transfection of siRNA-HIGD1A or pcDNA-HIGD1A. In vivo investigations were conducted using hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice. In 65 patients with CHB and NAFLD, 28 were patients with NASH, and 37 were those without NASH. After screening 582 differentially expressed mRNAs, GO analysis revealed differentially expressed mRNAs acting on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which influenced redox enzyme activity. KEGG analysis also shown that they were involved in the NAFLD signaling pathway. The function analysis revealed that HIGD1A was associated with the mitochondrion. Then, both in vivo and in vitro CHB model, HIGD1A was significantly higher in the NASH group than in the non-NASH group. HIGD1A knockdown impaired mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induced cell apoptosis in HepG2.2.15 cells added oleic acid and palmitate. On the contrary, hepatic HIGD1A overexpression ameliorated free fatty acids-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, HIGD1A reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by increasing glutathione (GSH) expression, but Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) pathway was not involved. Both in vivo and in vitro CHB model, an upward trend of HIGD1A was observed in the NASH-related inflammatory response. HIGDIA played a protective role in cells against oxidative stress. Our data suggested that HIGD1A may be a positive regulator of NASH within the CHB context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for future renewable energy technology. Here, we use first-principles calculations combined with genetic algorithm to determine the structures of various Pd clusters supported on experimentally available C2N monolayer and evaluate the OER and ORR performance. Our findings show that the activity of the supported Pd clusters is closely linked to the local geometrical and electronic structure of the active site. Furthermore, we establish the activity trends of the clusters based on the adsorption free energies of intermediates. In particular, C2N supported Pd7 and Pd8 clusters exhibit outstanding OER activity with low overpotentials. We identify a volcano relation for the OER on the clusters, suggesting that the high activity of the cluster is related to the moderate adsorption strength of intermediates. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the second water formation is the potential-determining step for ORR on the clusters due to the strong adsorption of *OH. Additionally, we identify a linear scaling relationship between the ORR overpotentials and adsorption free energies of *OH, demonstrating that reducing the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates on Pd clusters can improve the activity. This work unravels the activity trends of cluster catalysts and provides strategies for the rational design of highly efficient single-cluster catalysts for OER and ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution, particularly microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) pollution, has become a significant concern. This study explores the use of porous wood for filtration to remove MPs and NPs and investigates their removal mechanisms. Undecorated fir wood with a thickness of 4 mm achieves a 91% removal rate for model polystyrene (PS) MPs (2.6 μm) at a water flux of 198 L/m2h. However, its separation performance for NPs (255.8 and 50.9 nm) is poor. It also shows that fir wood (coniferous wood) has a higher PS removal rate than poplar wood (hard wood). With poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) modification, both MPs and NPs are effectively removed, with NPs' removal rate increasing from <10% to 90% for PDDA/wood. Characterization results reveal that size-exclusive interception dominates for micron-sized particles, and electrostatic interaction is crucial for nanosized particles. Additionally, intercepted NPs have been used as a strong binder for hot-pressed wood to remarkably enhance the mechanical properties of wood, suggesting a novel recycle utilization of discarded wood filters. Overall, this renewable wood material offers a simple solution for tackling MP/NP pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thought control ability (TCA) plays an important role in individuals' health and happiness. Previous studies demonstrated that TCA was closely conceptually associated with happiness. However, empirical research supporting this relationship was limited. In addition, the neural basis underlying TCA and how this neural basis influences the relationship between TCA and happiness remain unexplored. In the present study, the voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) method was adopted to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of TCA in 314 healthy subjects. The behavioral results revealed a significant positive association between TCA and happiness. On the neural level, there was a significant negative correlation between TCA and the gray matter density (GMD) of the bilateral amygdala. Split‐half validation analysis revealed similar results, further confirming the stability of the VBM analysis findings. Furthermore, gray matter covariance network and graph theoretical analyses showed positive association between TCA and both the node degree and node strength of the amygdala. Moderation analysis revealed that the GMD of the amygdala moderated the relationship between TCA and happiness. Specifically, the positive association between TCA and self‐perceived happiness was stronger in subjects with a lower GMD of the amygdala. The present study indicated the neural basis underlying the association between TCA and happiness and offered a method of improving individual well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate power load prediction is an important guide for power system planning and operation. High‐ or low‐load prediction results will affect the operation of the power system. In recent years, deep learning technology represented by convolution neural network (CNN) and transformer has been proved to be suitable for power load prediction. This paper proposes a new short‐term power load hybrid forecasting model, called channel enhanced attention (CEA) and temporal convolutional network (TCN)‐based transformer comprehensive forecasting model. This method combines the short‐term feature extraction ability of TCN with the long‐term dependent capture ability of transformer for short‐term load forecasting. And the CEA designed in this study is added to improve the prediction accuracy. On the same dataset, the designed model predicts power load mean square errors of 0.056 and 0.146 for the next 24 h and the next week, respectively, which is 0.002 to 0.073 and 0.012 to 0.024 lower than the baseline model. The experimental results show that the hybrid short‐term power load prediction model proposed in this paper is significantly better than the existing methods. The predicted curve is in agreement with the actual charge change, which provides a good guidance for short‐term power load prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, wearing medical respirators and masks was essential to prevent transmission. Objective: To quantify the effects of N95 mask usage by measuring facial skin biophysical characteristics and changes in the lipidome. Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers wore N95 respirators for 3 or 6 h. Facial images were acquired and physiological parameters were measured in specific facial areas, before and after mask‐wearing. Lipidome analysis was also performed. Results: After N95 respirator usage, facial erythema was observed in both the 3 and 6 h groups. Both sebum secretion and trans‐epidermal water loss increased significantly in mask‐covered cheeks and chins after 6 h of mask wearing compared with before mask wearing (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed significant differences in lipid composition after mask wearing compared with before. The ceramide subclass NS exhibited a positive correlation with stratum corneum hydration, whereas the AP subclass was negatively correlated with trans‐epidermal water loss in the 6 h group. Conclusion: Prolonged wear of N95 respirators may impair facial skin function and alter lipidome composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil-immersed transformers play a pivotal role owing to their environmentally friendly characteristics, compact footprint, and cost-effectiveness. Ensuring the online monitoring of oil-immersed transformers is a fundamental measure to ensure the secure and stable operation of modern power systems. In this paper, metal particle cluster-doped SnS is firstly used in the adsorption and sensing of decomposition components (CO, C2H2) under fault conditions in oil-immersed transformers. The study comprehensively analyzed band structure, differential charge density, density of states, and molecular orbital theory to unveil the adsorption and sensing mechanisms of target gases. The findings suggest that the modification of metal particle clusters can enhance the surface electronic properties of single-layer SnS. In the regions of metal particle clusters and the gas–surface reaction area, electronic activity is significantly heightened, primarily attributed to the contribution of d-orbital electrons of the metal cluster structures. The modified SnS exhibits adsorption capacity in the following order: Ru3-SnS > Mo3-SnS > Au3-SnS. Additionally, the modified material demonstrates increased competitiveness for C2H2, with adsorption types falling under physical chemistry adsorption. Different metal elements exert diverse effects on the electronic distribution of the entire system, providing a theoretical foundation for the preparation of corresponding sensors. The findings in this work offer numerical insights for the further preparation and development of SnS nanosensors, concurrently shedding light on the online monitoring of faults in oil-immersed transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the application of emojis to mood descriptions of fiction. The three goals are investigating whether Cho et al.'s model (2023) is a sound conceptual framework for implementing emojis and mood categories in information systems, mapping 30 mood categories to 115 face emojis and exploring and visualizing the relationships between mood categories based on emojis mapping. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was distributed to a US public university to recruit adult fiction readers. In total, 64 participants completed the survey. Findings: The results show that the participants distinguished between the three families of fiction mood categories. The three families model is a promising option to improve mood descriptions for fiction. Through mapping emojis to 30 mood categories, the authors identified the most popular emojis for each category, analyzed the relationships between mood categories and examined participants' consensus on mapping. Originality/value: This study focuses on applying emojis to fiction reading. Emojis were mapped to mood categories by fiction readers. Emoji mapping contributes to the understanding of the relationships between mood categories. Emojis, as graphic mood descriptors, have the potential to complement textual descriptors and enrich mood metadata for fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic X-scan testing enables multiple equidistant layer scanning images along the direction of material thickness to obtain an overall characterization of material internal quality. However, ultrasonic sequential images produced by ultrasonic X-scan testing suffer from issues with low brightness, low contrast and poor clarity making it difficult to accurately characterize the internal quality of materials. In order to improve the characterization capabilities, an unsupervised enhancement network called UT_enhancenet is proposed in this paper. The UT_enhancenet combines correlated features of Bi-ConvLSTM with high-frequency features of Octconv to create encoding features. And then these features are input into decoder to generate high-quality sequential images. Simultaneously, an unsupervised loss function integrating content, brightness, and noise is constructed to guide the training of the neural network. To demonstrate the efficacy of the new method, sequential ultrasonic images of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites were enhanced by the new method. Consequently, an average particle detection rate of 91.3% and an average relative size error of 6.9% were observed across the three enhanced sequential image regions. The results indicate that the new method is significantly superior to the old methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoxazolopyridines are highly significant for the development of pharmaceuticals and new materials. In continuation of our ongoing research on transformations of 5‐aminoisoxazoles, we report herein a divergent synthesis of two kinds of novel isoxazolo[5,4‐b] pyridines through condensation of 5‐aminoisoxazoles with β,γ‐alkynyl‐α‐imino esters. By using two different silver salts and a phosphoric acid as catalysts, isoxazolo[5,4‐b] pyridine‐α‐carboxylates and isoxazolo[5,4‐b] pyridine‐γ‐carboxylates were constructed as major isomers in moderate to good yields, respectively. The structures of the two kinds of the isoxazolo[5,4‐b] pyridines were confirmed by X‐ray crystal structural analysis. Furthermore, control experiments were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a transformed L1 finite difference method for the time-fractional molecular beam epitaxy (TFMBE) model without slope selection, taking the initial singularity of the solution into account. A novel discrete fractional Grönwall inequality is used to provide unconditionally optimum error estimates. The convergence results indicate that the method has an order of 2 in the spatial direction and an order of $ 2-\alpha $ 2 − α in the temporal direction. Numerical experiments are carried out to corroborate our theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-acetoxyisovalerylalkannin (β-AIVA) is one of shikonin/alkannin derivative, which were mainly extracted from Boraginaceae family. The effects of β-AIVA on human melanoma A375 cells and U918 cells were investigated in vitro. The CCK-8 assay showed that β-AIVA inhibited proliferation of cells. Results from flow cytometry, ROS assay and JC-1 assay showed that β-AIVA increased late apoptosis rate, induced the production of ROS and promoted mitochondrial depolarization in cells. β-AIVA regulated expressions of BAX and Bcl-2 proteins, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. These findings suggest that β-AIVA may be a potential therapeutic drug for treating melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of corrected baseline metabolic parameters in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging (18 F-FDG PET/CT) for 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients and Methods Retrospective clinical and pathological data were collected for 199 patients of DLBCL diagnosed between January 2018 and January 2021. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans without any form of treatment. The corrected maximum standardized uptake value (corSUVmax), corrected mean standardized uptake value (corSUVmean), corrected whole-body tumor metabolic volume sum (corMTVsum), and corrected total lesion glycolysis of whole body (corTLGtotal) were corrected using the SUVmean in a 1-cm diameter mediastinal blood pool (MBP) from the descending thoracic aorta of patients. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression were used to examine the predictive significance of corrected baseline metabolic parameters on 3-year PFS of patients. The incremental values of corrected baseline metabolic parameters were evaluated by using Harrell's C-indices, receiver operating characteristic, and Decision Curve Analysis. Results The multivariate analysis revealed that only the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-International Prognostic Index (IPI) and corMTVsum had an effect on 3-year PFS of patients (p < 0.05, respectively). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in PFS between the risk groups classified by corSUVsum, corMTVsum, and corTLGtotal (log-rank test, p < 0.05). The predictive model composed of corMTVsum and corTLGtotal surpasses the predictive performance of the model incorporating MTVsum and TLGtotal. The optimal performance was observed when corMTVsum was combined with NCCN-IPI, resulting in a Harrell's C index of 0.785 and area under the curve values of 0.863, 0.891, and 0.947 for the 1-, 2-, and 3-year PFS rates, respectively. Conclusion The corMTVsum offers significant prognostic value for patients with DLBCL. Furthermore, the combination of corMTVsum with the NCCN-IPI can provide an accurate prediction of the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) plays a crucial part in the evaluation for pediatric epileptic patients prior to therapy. Short-term scanning holds significant importance, especially for pediatrics epileptic individuals who exhibited involuntary movements. The aim was to evaluate the effects of short acquisition time on image quality and lesion detectability in pediatric epileptic patients using total-body (TB) PET/CT. A total of 25 pediatric patients who underwent TB PET/CT using uEXPLORER scanner with an 18F-FDG administered dose of 3.7 MBq/kg and an acquisition time of 600 s were retrospectively enrolled. Short acquisition times (60 s, 150 and 300 s) were simulated by truncating PET data in list mode to reduce count density. Subjective image quality was scored on a 5-point scale. Regions of interest analysis of suspected epileptogenic zones (EZs), corresponding locations contralateral to EZs, and healthy cerebellar cortex were used to compare the semi-quantitative uptake indices of short-time images and then were compared with 600 s images. The comparison of EZs detectability based on time-dependent PET images was performed. Results: Our study demonstrated that a short acquisition time of 150 s is sufficient to maintain subjective image quality and lesion significance. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in subjective PET image quality between imaging at 300 s and 150 s (P > 0.05). The overall impression scores of image quality and lesion conspicuity in G60s were both greater than 3 (overall quality, 3.21 ± 0.46; lesion conspicuity, 4.08 ± 0.74). As acquisition time decreased, the changes of SUVmax and SD in the cerebellar cortex gradually increased (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in asymmetry index (AI) difference between the groups and the AIs of EZs were > 15% in all groups. In 26 EZs of 25 patients, the lesion detection rate was still 100% when the time was reduced to 60 s. Conclusions: This study proposed that TB PET/CT acquisition time could be reduced to 60 s with acceptable lesion detectability. Furthermore, it was suggested that a 150 s acquisition time would be sufficient to achieve diagnostic performance and image quality for children with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although noble metal-based catalysts are expensive, they are still the most promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the load of the precious metal without affecting the OER performance of the catalyst. In this work, we have innovatively proposed a strategy of interfacial anchoring of Ru atoms and successfully achieve the dispersion of precious metal ruthenium atoms in cross-growing NiS and NiSe multifaceted structures. The dispersion of Ru ensures Ru–NiS/NiSe/NF more active sites and more adequate contact with the electrolyte, which further improves the oxygen production property of the catalyst. As a direct outcome, the target catalyst (Ru–NiS/NiSe/NF) only requires low overpotential of 453 mV to excite a current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, it can remain stable to catalyze the OER for more than 50 h (200 mA cm−2), which gives it great application potential in future large-scale electrolytic water processes. This work provides a new perspective for the efficient utilization of precious metal for designing the efficient and stable OER electrocatalyst. • Staggered growth of NiS and NiSe builds a large number of highly active interfaces. • Highly reactive interface-anchored Ru enables high dispersion at the atomic level. • Ru–NiS/NiSe/NF only requires low overpotential of 453 mV at 1000 mA cm−2 to catalyze OER. • Ru–NiS/NiSe/NF operates stably for at least 50 h at 200 mA cm−2 for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]