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aime Guedes,1,2 Sacha Fernandes Pereira,3 Dillan Cunha Amaral,4 Larissa C Hespanhol,5 Adriano Cypriano Faneli,6 Ricardo Danilo Chagas Oliveira,2,7 Denisse J Mora-Paez,1 Bruno M Fontes21Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2Ophthalmology, Opty Group, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 3Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraiba, AFYA, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; 4Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 5Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil; 6Faculty of Medicine, Bahiana School of Public Health and Medicine, Salvador, BA, Brazil; 7Ophthalmology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil Correspondence: Jaime Guedes, Email [email protected] Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed eye surgeries worldwide, and among several techniques, phacoemulsification has become the standard of care due to its safety and efficiency. We evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of two phacoemulsification techniques: phaco-chop and divide-and-conquer. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried for randomized controlled trial (RCT), prospective and retrospective studies that compared the phaco-chop technique over the divide-and-conquer technique and reported the outcomes of (1) Endothelial cell count change (ECC); (2) Ultrasound time (UST); (3) Cumulated dissipated energy (CDE); (4) Surgery time; and (5) Phacoemulsification time (PT). Heterogeneity was examined with I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used for outcomes with high heterogeneity. Results: Nine final studies, (6 prospective RCTs and 3 observational), comprising 837 patients undergoing phacoemulsification. 435 (51.9%) underwent the phaco-chop technique, and 405 (48.1%) underwent divide-and-conquer. Overall, the phaco-chop technique was associated with several advantages: a significant difference in ECC change postoperatively (Mean Difference [MD] − 221.67 Cell/mm2; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] − 401.68 to − 41.66; p < 0.02; I2=73%); a shorter UST (MD − 51.16 sec; 95% CI − 99.4 to − 2.79; p = 0.04; I2=98%); reduced CDE (MD − 8.68 units; 95% CI − 12.76 to − 4.60; p < 0.01; I2=84%); a lower PT (MD − 55.09 sec; 95% CI − 99.29 to − 12.90; p = 0.01; I2=100). There were no significant differences in surgery time (MD − 3.86 min; 95% CI − 9.55 to 1.83; p = 0.18; I2=99%). Conclusion: The phaco-chop technique proved to cause fewer hazards to the corneal endothelium, with less delivered intraocular ultrasound energy when compared to the divide-and-conquer technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Citizen science refers to the participation of citizens in scientific research, and such participation has been increasing the knowledge about aspects of birds around the world. Citizen science projects receive the contribution of dozens, hundreds or thousands of citizens that gather records to be compiled and evaluated by scientists. This approach leads to the obtention of large amounts of data over large spatiotemporal scales. This is true for Brazil, especially through the WikiAves database, which currently harbors more than four million digital photographic records of birds. Due to the importance of this database for the knowledge of the national avifauna, this study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of its photographic records. Geopolitical regions and states with high and low record productions were identified. Record production varies along the year, and this seasonality is specific to each biome. The discussion dealt with factors that might contribute to differences in record production. These explanatory factors are related to birds, humans and the environment. This article discusses how record availability might influence ornithological research and encourage scientists to make intense use of WikiAves records to study Brazilian birds. About four million photographic records of Brazilian birds are deposited in the WikiAves database. The objective of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of photographic records available in this database. Searches were performed in the database in 2022. Record numbers produced by citizens were obtained by selecting states and municipalities in different periods. The annual record production in Brazil has increased substantially since 2009, reaching about 400,000 records per year in 2020–2021. Most records were obtained in the Sudeste and Sul geopolitical regions. Seasonal variations in record production in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest are comparable, with more records obtained in July–October. In Amazonia, a more substantial decrease in record production occurred between November and April. The monthly record production was more uniform in the Caatinga. When municipalities were compared, similar seasonal variation in record production was observed for four ecosystems (Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Pampa). However, substantial differences were observed for municipalities in the Pantanal and the Caatinga. The results indicate that high human density, high individual income and the breeding season of birds are potential factors leading to high record production. On the other hand, heavy rainfall, flooding, remoteness and environmental harshness are pointed out as factors potentially leading to relatively fewer records. Further, this article discusses the implications of record availability for ornithological studies that use photographic records deposited in the WikiAves database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse through a systematic literature review the evolution of the theme of environmental social and governance (ESG) in universities, correlating variables and presenting a panorama for Latin American universities. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses a systematic literature review approach. The Web of Science database was used for data collection, and a set of keywords (Environmental, Social and Governance × Universities) and a classification method were used, resulting in 111 articles classified in the Zotero software. After classification, these publications were analysed in the VOSviewer software. Findings: The main evidence about ESG and universities shows that its relevance has been growing worldwide with an emphasis on England, the USA, Spain, followed by Brazil in fourth place regarding the number of papers published worldwide. The most representative areas identified were governance, sustainability, higher education, sustainable campus, environmental science, ecology, science and technology. The journals presenting more published papers under the topic are International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Journal of Cleaner Production and Sustainability. As for the most relevant authors, the Europeans Lozano and Leal Filho, Velasquez from Mexico and Brandli from Brazil were identified. As for institutions, the University Durham, State University System of Florida and State University of Campinas do Brazil stand out. Research limitations/implications: As the main limitation of the study is related to the sample of articles. This study is focused on the analysis of publications from the last decade, presenting only 111 results. However, this restriction in the timeline is justified as it is a new topic; this study was also limited to the use of a single database; in this sense, future research can carry out a more comprehensive review of the sustainability literature covering periods prior to a decade and an analysis in other databases. Originality/value: These results provide a basis for improving sustainability in universities and ESG in Latin America. It also allows to explore and reflect on several indicators, enabling the evaluation and planning of actions to improve competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determine the bibliometric characteristics of scientific articles that address the subject of neurosurgery in Latin America and the Caribbean. A bibliographic search of original articles published in the Web of Science database up to 2021 was performed, without language restrictions. The terms included in the search strategy were Neurosurgery, neurosurgical procedures, and neurological surgical procedure. Articles according to the inclusion criteria in the Rayyan application were included. Subsequently, a quantitative bibliometric analysis was carried out with the bibliometrix package in R and VOSviewer. We identified 882 articles published in 271 journals. The first publication was in 2006, the highest number of publications was in 2021, the annual percentage growth rate was 25.9, and the average number of citations per document was 11.2. The author with the highest number of publications was Teixeira MJ (41 articles), and the University of Sao Paulo had the highest number of articles on this topic. WORLD NEUROSURGERY was the journal with the most publications (120 articles), and the study by Carney et al (2017) was the most cited (1175 citations). The country of corresponding authors with the most publications and the greatest number of total citations was Brazil. Surgery, and Management were the most used keywords plus; however, in the most recent articles Simulation and Guidelines were used. In the past decade, there has been an increase in articles on neurosurgery in Latin America and the Caribbean. Scientific production in neurosurgery must continue to increase in order to promote evidence-based medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study carried out with the purpose of identifying the teaching practices of cartography with digital technologies, characterizing the way in which digital technologies are used by teachers working in geography in the schools of Military College System of Brazil. Based on bibliographical research in scientific databases, practices in the use of digital technologies considered relevant in the teaching of cartography were identified. From the results of this research and with a view to its exploration, semi-directive interviews were carried out with high school teachers. It was found that the interviewed teachers take advantage of the possibilities of digital technologies through different practices and strategies in their use in the teaching of cartography. It is noteworthy that, in addition to fulfilling the educational objectives contained in the curriculum documents, the view of teachers reveals their concern with meaningful learning for their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the contribution of urban forestry to the promotion of public security through a systematic integrative review of studies involving the relationship between urban forestry and crime. Methodology: The documents were extracted from the Web of Science database and analyzed using consolidated meta-analytical theory (CMAT). Relevance: Brazil is a country with high urbanization rates, where large cities have visible social inequality and high environmental degradation. Urban forestry provides ecosystem services that can mitigate various problems in the urban environment. However, there are few studies on the social aspects of urban vegetation. Moreover, there are no studies on the contribution of forestry to the promotion of public safety in Brazil. Results: A total of 198 studies were found: 66% were published in the last five years, and their main language was English. The affiliations of the most prominent authors and research funding agencies are in the United States of America, which is also the country with the highest number of publications, 46.9%. The most cited article shows that trees with tall crowns and low vegetation contribute to a reduction in crime. The main research fronts denote an interest in understanding the social aspects of urban forestry. Theoretical/methodological contributions: This study fills a gap by presenting a theoretical overview of studies related to urban forestry and crime using CMAT. Social contributions: This study is intended to spark novel discussions in Brazil on the role of urban forestry in the promotion of public security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to give an overview of the diversity of research areas related to human biometeorology in Brazil. The main focus of this paper addresses research trends, represented by published papers with national and international authorship, main contributions and shortcomings, as well as challenges and prospects of research in this area of study. An extensive literature search was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases so as to identify relevant publication output up to July 2021 related to the research area. The screening resulted in 96 studies chosen for full-text reading. Overall, results indicated a reduced amount of articles on the subject matter published internationally, with noticeable gaps in research in some regions of the country, such as the Amazon region and in the Brazilian Midwest region. Research gaps in relevant areas have been identified with limited output in the climate dimensions of tourism, vector-borne diseases, mortality and morbidity in urban centers. Such gaps should further encourage researchers to engage in research focused on those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Giardia spp. is the most common protozoan found in coproparasitoscopic tests; it is the cause of gastrointestinal discomfort, with a high prevalence in children and in low-income areas. This systematic review updates available literature on molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America during 2017 to 2021. Methodology: The guidelines established in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used; the study covers the period from January 1, 2017 to October 03, 2021; the search focused on the "molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America" in six different scientific databases. The material found was reviewed to select only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The search yielded 1036 publications, but only 19 investigations in 6 countries (Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, and Venezuela) met the selection criteria. Most were cross-sectional studies carried out in school-age children, the dominant assemblages were A and B while the most frequent subassemblages were AII, BIII and BIV, the most used target genes were tpi and gdh, the prevalence by molecular methods was higher regarding microscopy, the countries with the highest prevalence percentages for Giardiosis were Brazil and Cuba. Conclusions: More Latin America countries need to generate data of prevalence, incidence, and intensity of Giardiosis. Studies are also needed to estimate the costs of Giardiosis on economic productivity and public health. The present systematic review offers evidence based on the current literature available for the molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America during 2017 to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliometric study of scientific production in the field of education that has been carried out in Ibero-American countries between 2000 and 2020 and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database of the Web of Science (WoS) is presented. 4786 documents have been analyzed using bibliometric techniques, finding a considerable increase in scientific production, with Brazil being the country with the highest production. Likewise, the distribution of the magazines in Bradford zones was determined, noting that the core is made up of two journals, the first published in Latin America and the second in Spain. There was evidence of a decline in single authorship in documents and an increase in international collaboration, reaching in 2000 percentages like those of national collaboration. Through this study, production patterns and trends have been identified, as well as the main channels for disseminating research in the field of education in Ibero-America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of data sources has increased in recent years and making their treatment, retrieval and use operational becomes a challenge and a strategic differential for the nations that have this domain. Knowledge about Artificial Intelligence has been crucial for data processing and use, being considered decisive for economic and social development. This work aimed to survey research on Artificial Intelligence in Brazil. A comprehensive search expression was created, and related articles were obtained for the period 2011-2020 in the Web of Science database. Using bibliometric methods, the obtained records were analyzed using the software VantagePoint, VOSViewer, and Excel. An analysis was carried out regarding the participation of Brazilian research in relation to the world, the main Artificial Intelligence research institutions in the country, the main research topics, and the most active authors. Keyword cooccurrence networks, the collaboration between institutions and between authors were built. It was found that Brazil has a peripheral but increasing participation in relation to publications and that public institutions have a fundamental role in this production despite regional discrepancies, which could help in the development of public policies for technological inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, conventional agriculture is seen as greenhouse gases (GHG) emitter. Conservation agriculture is capable of GHG mitigating and potentially carbon credits generating. This study aimed to analyze the normative aspects and perspectives for Brazilian agricultural carbon market regulation, through scientific and governmental databases. It was concluded that Brazil, despite the participation in international discussions and significant institutional and regulatory advances, lacks application and greater rigor in complying with environmental legislation related to GHG mitigation. Thus, the country has favorable conditions for an agricultural carbon market implementation. However, for this to become reality, it is necessary to increase public-private partnerships and more comprehensive regulatory policies for the various sector segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, Brazil started to stand out, worldwide, in the consumption of pesticides. Studies suggest that pesticides can damage human health, such as mental disorders, autism, depression, cancer and malformation, among others. The objective of this study was to analyze what is published in the literature on exposure to pesticides and damage to human DNA in rural residents. This is a narrative review of the literature, consisting of original articles that used the comet DNA assay, published between 2008 and 2019, in Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SpingerLink databases. The respective work was developed with 19 articles, which answered the guiding question, PubMed Central = 2; Web of Science = 2; Scopus = 4; Springer = 10; Lilacs = 1. The articles indicate that exposure to pesticides can cause damage to genetic material and it represents a potential health risk for rural residents who constantly work with pesticides. The literature also shows the risk of genetic damage associated with exposure to pesticides and the importance of assessing vulnerable populations to address and overcome the potential risk of genotoxicity induced by the respective substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web of Science database to find publications about insect galls from 1988 to 2020. We analyzed 88 publications and collected data from 51 of those. A total of 487 gall morphotypes were counted on 157 plant species of 42 genera. This value singled out Asteraceae as the richest plant family in number of gall morphotypes in Brazil. Most morphotypes were recorded in the Atlantic Forest (41%) and Cerrado (30.5%), the most surveyed biomes in Brazil. Baccharis L. supported the greatest gall richness (43.9%), which could be explained by the hypotheses of geographic area and taxon size. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. and B. platypoda DC. were indicated as superhost species. Most galls were induced on stems (52.2%), a pattern known in Asteraceae for gall-inducing Tephritidae and Chloropidae, and extended in the present study to Cecidomyiidae. Most galls were fusiform (42.5%), which can be related to the highest number of gall on stems. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most frequent inducers, as observed worldwide. The presence of other dwellers - parasitoids, cecidophages, kleptoparasites, and successors - were reported in 8.8% of the gall morphotypes, being parasitoids the most frequent, as found in other Brazilian publications. Most host plants (58%) are endemic to Brazil, 14% are useful and few are vulnerable or endangered (six and four species, respectively). Due to the high host specificity, the gall-inducers associated with these plants can also be considered either endemic, important, vulnerable and/or endangered, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A variety of enzymes immobilization methods are being developed to enhance biocatalyst performance, particularly lipases, which have attracted much attention for their extensive applications. This review provides a bibliometric and patent analysis of lipase immobilization techniques by scientific papers and patents in Web of Science and WIPO databases. Immobilized lipases are being extensively used in the research areas of Chemistry and Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, mainly for the production of flavor esters and biodiesel. China, India, and Brazil, and institutions related to these countries, stand out as the most academically productive in terms of lipase immobilization research since 1976 and in the last five years. Researchers from these countries with studies in the fields of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Energy Fuels are highlighted in this review. Trend analysis of the last 5 and 10 years revealed that lipase immobilization techniques and materials, such as sol–gel synthesis, magnetic nanoparticles, and crosslinked enzyme aggregates, remain important; other technologies, including ionic liquids and ultrasonication, have been increasingly applied to improve lipase immobilization. Patent analysis revealed a large number of filed patents, indicative of the industrial potential of immobilized lipases. These findings underscore the importance of research on lipase immobilization for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently developed immunosuppressive drugs, especially TNF antagonists, may enhance the risk of granulomatous infections, including leprosy. We aimed to evaluate the leprosy detection rate in patients under immunosuppression due to rheumatological, dermatological and gastroenterological diseases.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science and Scielo databases through 2018. No date or language restrictions were applied. We included all articles that reported the occurrence of leprosy in patients under medication-induced immunosuppression.Results: The search strategy resulted in 15,103 articles; finally, 20 articles were included, with 4 reporting longitudinal designs. The detection rate of leprosy ranged from 0.13 to 116.18 per 100,000 patients/year in the USA and Brazil, respectively. In the meta-analysis, the detection rate of cases of leprosy per 100,000 immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic diseases was 84 (detection rate = 0.00084; 95% CI = 0.0000-0.00266; I2 = 0%, p = 0.55).Conclusion: Our analysis showed that leprosy was relatively frequently detected in medication-induced immunosuppressed patients suffering from rheumatological diseases, and further studies are needed. The lack of an active search for leprosy in the included articles precluded more precise conclusions.Trial Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO with the registry number CRD42018116275 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) belongs to the malvaceas family and is grown in all regions of Brazil. According to data from the Brazilian Association of Cotton Producers, Brazil occupies 4th place in the ranking of cotton production according to the 18/19 harvest. Because of this importance, this review aimed to carry out a bibliometric survey on cotton oil and flour and their applications. For this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out relating cotton, oil and flour in the Scopus and Web of Science databases in the years 1989-2019, and subsequently, the Web of Science data were analyzed using the VOSviewer program. The results showed that there were a total of 1525 research and reviews articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases in the last three decades, and, based on the entire analysis, it was noticed that the studies of the last three decades are focused on separation area and biofuels, as well as that the Republic of China stands out among the most cited countries besides its universities. According to these results, it can be concluded that the Republic of China has a lot of influence in studies with cotton and more research is needed to use cotton and its derivatives in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bibliometrics is a scientific discipline that studies quantitatively the bibliographic material of a particular topic. This study analyzes management research published by Latin American countries between 1990 and 2019. The work uses the Web of Science database and provides several country-level bibliometric indicators including the total number of publications and citations, and the h-index. The results indicate that Brazil, Chile and Mexico have constantly led the region's scientific publications. The temporal evolution shows a significant increase on the number of publications during the last years that seems to continue in the future. The results also show that operations research and finance are the most significant topics in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Global opioid consumption increased multifold post-2000, disproportionately in high-income countries, with severe mortality/morbidity consequences. Latin America features comparatively low opioid availability; Brazil, the region's most populous country, makes an interesting case study concerning opioid use/harms. In this comprehensive overview, we aimed to identify and summarize medical and non-medical data and indicators of opioid availability and use, regulation/control, and harm outcomes in Brazil since 2000.Methods: We searched multiple scientific databases to identify relevant publications and conducted additional 'grey' literature searches to identify other pertinent information.Results: Despite some essential indicators, opioid-related data are limited for Brazil. Data indicate that population-level availability of prescription opioids represents only a small fraction of use in comparison to high-income countries. However, within Latin America, Brazil ranks mid-level for opioid consumption, indicating relatively moderate consumption compared to neighboring jurisdictions. Brazil has implemented restrictive regulations to opioid prescribing and is considered 'highly restricted' for opioid access. Codeine remains the major opioid analgesic utilized, but stronger opioids such as oxycodone are becoming more common. Professional knowledge regarding medical opioid use and effects appears limited. National surveys indicate increases in non-medical use of prescription opioids, albeit lower than observed in North America, while illicit opioids (e.g., heroin) are highly uncommon.Conclusions: Overall population-level opioid availability and corresponding levels of opioid-related harms in Brazil remain substantially lower than rates reported for North America. However, the available surveillance and analytical data on opioid use, policy/practice, and harms in Brazil are limited and insufficient. Since existing and acute (e.g., pain-related) needs for improved opioid utilization and practice appear to be substantiated, improved indicators for and understanding of opioid use, practice, and harms in Brazil are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial keratinase research has been on an upward trajectory due to the robustness and efficiency of the enzyme toward various green technological processes that promote economic development and environmental sustainability. A compendium of research progression and advancement within the domain was achieved through a bibliometric study to understand the trend of research productivity, scientific impacts, authors' involvement, collaboration networks, and the advancement of knowledge gaps for future research endeavours. A three-decade (1990 to 2019) scholarly published articles were retrieved from the web of science database using a combination of terms "keratinas* or keratinolytic proteas* or keratinolytic enzym*", and subsequently analyzed for bibliometric indicators. A collection of 330 peer-reviewed, research, articles were retrieved for the survey period and authored by 1063 researchers with collaboration index of 3.27. Research productivity was most in 2013 with total research output of 28 articles. The top three authors' keywords were keratinase, keratin and protease with a respective frequency of 188, 26 and 22. India, China and Brazil ranked top in terms of keratinase research outputs and total citation with respective article productivity (total citations) of 85 (1533), 57 (826), and 36 (764). This study evaluated the trend of keratinase research outputs, scientific impact, collaboration networks and biotechnology innovations. It has the potentials to influence positively decision making on future research direction, collaborations and development of products for the bio-economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of physical activity is important in the prevention of chronic diseases, and its investigation is valid to encourage healthy habits among teachers. This study aimed to identify factors associated with insufficient physical activity in Brazilian school teachers through an integrative review of articles published from 2009 to 2019 in the Lilacs, SciELO, DOAJ, PubMed, Dialnet, and Web of Science databases, through combinations of the exact descriptors and synonyms in English and Portuguese, using the terms "School Teachers", "Physical Activity", and "Brazil". Most teachers are insufficiently active and, among the factors associated with this condition, are overweight, high body mass, a higher percentage of fat, chronic pain, problems related to voice, smoking, and occupational factors, such as overwork, temporary contract, lack of autonomy, and standing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of an ongoing research. The research aims to analyze the national scientific production of Information Science, from 2010 to 2020, published in journals indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. In order to achieve the general objective, the following specific objectives were chosen: Analyze the scientific production of teachers\researchers from postgraduate programs in Information Science; Identify the most important themes approached in the scientific production of graduate programs in Brazil; Identify the most productive authors of each postgraduate program; Check collaboration in the area; Survey the titles of the most productive journals in the studied period; Characterize the most productive programs. It is a descriptive research with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach will use bibliometric and scientometric techniques to assist in measuring the researcher's productivity. When the scientific production was surveyed from 2010 to 2020 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, 3,000 articles and reviews were found. So as to identify the main themes addressed, it was chosen to identify the keywords and the relevance in the studied period. 1,093 authors were found in the Web of Science database and in the Scopus database 6,886 authors who produced 2,206 articles and reviews in the period from 2010 to 2020. When verifying the existing collaboration in the area of Information Science in the period 2010-2020, there is an expressive institutional collaboration in the total academic production. Institutional collaboration corresponds to 34% of academic production. To survey the most productive journals in the period studied, publications in 48 journals were found in both databases. To characterize the most productive programs, the following references were adopted: year of beginning of the programs, number of teachers of the programs, areas of concentration of the programs, the stricto sensu postgraduate modalities of each program, the evaluation by CAPES of the master's and doctorate and the regional location. It was noted that there is a concentration of programs in the Southeast region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the detection of RNA of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in feces samples from infected patients, this article presents information about the advantages of using environmental modelling of sewage systems for mass diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the Brazilian context. The literature review was conducted mainly in electronic scientific databases, including articles, technical reports, and national and international institutional publications. Although, so far, few studies have indicated the potential for SARS-CoV-2 contamination by sanitary sewage, the reported results showed that this question needs to be considered in health surveillance actions. The wastewater-based epidemiology has been used successfully to track and provide early warning of virus outbreaks. In Brazil, considering the increase in cases of COVID-19, the limitations of mass testing, and poor sanitation conditions, strengthening the surveillance of sewage systems may direct the actions of the Unified Health System and other sectors to face this pandemic. Accordingly, the use of modelling is opportune to simulate and estimate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, as well as the spread of the pandemic in a given area, constituting a complementary alternative to the clinical screening procedures, helping to promote better public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to identify how Fintechs are characterized as opportunities and threats for large financial institutions in Brazil. In order to understand and analyze aspects related to Fintechs, the research addresses topics aligned with the theme, such as the current economic context, the National Financial System and the startup scenario in Brazil. This study has a descriptive and qualitative character, in which data were collected from interviews with those responsible for financial institutions. The research showed that there is acceptance by large institutions to apply this model of Fintechs. It was also noted that there is a need for regulation of the sector so that it can grow more freely and thus can add to the country this technological wealth, however, analyzes the need to be less bureaucratic as the financial institutions operating in the market. The study's limitations were the presentation of a few cases in which it was not possible to interview more managers in other companies that are involved in some way with the organization's innovations. From this situation, further studies are suggested to cover other interesting points concerning the Fintechs business model. The study allowed us to understand how large companies already established in the financial market identify Fintechs and their business models. Identifying opportunities and threats and understanding this allows Fintechs to prepare for a competitive market and for large companies to understand how this model can be characterized as an ally. Regarding originality, several studies were developed within the financial market. However, when searching in scientific databases, the subject of Fintechs is little explored as well as the perception of its business model by other players in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is the biggest market for pesticides in the world. In the registration process, a pesticide must be authorized by the Institute of the Environment, Health Surveillance Agency and Ministry of Agriculture. Evaluations follow a package of toxicological studies submitted by the companies and also based on the Brazilian law regarding pesticides. We confronted data produced by private laboratories, submitted to the Institute of the Environment for registration, with data obtained from scientific databases, corresponding to mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of pesticides. All studies submitted by the companies were carried out by private laboratories. From 247 pesticide formulations analyzed, none showed positive results for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity or teratogenicity. From 574 articles in the scientific literature, 84% published by public laboratories showed positive results, while 79% of those showing negative results came from private laboratories. There is an ethical concern about a conflict of interest between public/independent laboratories and private laboratories that produce data for registering pesticides. We demonstrated that there is a clear contradiction between public and private laboratories. Brazilian regulatory authorities have approved the registration of pesticides based almost exclusively on the monographs provided by the pesticide industry, because the use of scientific articles or information from the independent literature is strongly belittled by the industry. Pesticide companies argue that scientific articles cannot be trusted. Also, according to the industry, pesticide registration cannot be refused based on results from scientific articles. Thus, the registration of pesticides with mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic risks has been approved in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cases of a total of 3530 patients with histoplasmosis in Brazil have been published (1939–2018). • Histoplasma capsulatum was found in the environment and causing human and animal disease. • Disseminated disease was the most common form of histoplasmosis. • HIV infection was a common underlying condition for histoplasmosis in Brazil. • Histoplasmosis is widespread across all of the Brazilian territory. Histoplasmosis is a systemic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Diagnosis is often delayed, or it is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In Brazil, the infection is common and cases of histoplasmosis have been described in all regions of the country; however, the real problem is underestimated since notification of histoplasmosis is not mandatory. Human histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Brazil and published up to December 2018 were identified through a search conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, the isolation of H. capsulatum from animals or environmental sources in Brazil was also evaluated. A total of 207 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were evaluated, involving a total of 3530 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis during the period studied. Of these patients, 78.3% were male, giving a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1. Histoplasmosis presented a higher frequency in individuals between the fourth and fifth decades of life. Disseminated disease was the most common form of histoplasmosis. Isolation of H. capsulatum on culture media and histopathology using staining methods were the diagnostic methods with the best efficiency. The best results in the identification of the H. capsulatum were achieved for samples from mononuclear phagocyte system components, skin and mucosa, and hematological samples. Regarding predisposing factors for histoplasmosis, HIV infection was the most common underlying condition. The overall mortality rate was 33.1%. This study represents the first available systematic review demonstrating Brazilian cases of histoplasmosis in the literature and highlights that the disease is more widespread in the Brazilian territory than has previously been thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the United Nation (UN) launched 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as part of an Agenda to be achieved by 2030. The target is having a global plan of action, aiming at universal peace and social and environmental justice. For this, 169 goals were drawn. The objective of this research is to discuss the congruence between mining activity and the SDG, starting from experiences of the scientific literature and the observation of one mining activity. For this purpose, the Web of Science and Scopus databases were used, with the keywords "sustainable development goals" and "mining". The Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Portal was used to search papers that relate each one of the SDG to mining. Visits were made to three crushed stone mining industries, located in Monsenhor Gil, Piauí, Brazil, in order to follow the production process of the diabase mineral. From the research in the literature, it was possible to verify that there are several possibilities of reaching the 17 SDG in the mining sector, such as in the promotion of jobs (SDG 8), contributing to the reduction of poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2), among others. From the visits, it was observed that the compliance with SDG related to the promotion of jobs, the improvement of income for community's residents, and the infrastructure of the environment are common to all mining or business activities that reach remote and poor areas. This is clear when identifying mining regions that have lost their economic importance once the local development ceases. If the visited industries left the place, it would cause great loss to the residents that depend on them for their jobs. There is a small number of women on the staff, setting up disrespect for SDG 5 regarding the achievement of gender equality. The nature of the activity itself does not justify the asymmetry that possibly happened under the influence of a sexist culture that imposes what is a man's job or a woman's job. Another point is the lack of investment in inclusive education for employees and for residents of the region. In addition, these industries do not recover the degraded areas, compromising the achievement of SDG 13, in regard to combat climate change and its impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by persistent impairment of cognitive and psychomotor functions, resulting in reduced short-term memory. In current pharmacotherapy, some available acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi) have side effects, such as hepatotoxicity. Hence, it is necessary to investigate other sources to obtain compounds inhibiting AChE. In this context, the objective of this study was to review the main publications involving plants collected in Brazil tested for the inhibition of AChE, which may lead to new phytotherapeutic inhibitors. This review was carried out by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases during September 2018, using several combinations of the following keywords: extract, AChE, Brazil and Alzheimer's. Inclusion criteria were articles with plant studies collected in Brazil for the inhibition of AChE (in vivo and/or in vitro), with keywords in the title, abstract, or full text. Articles with studies of purified, synthetic, or semi-synthetic compounds were excluded. In this research, 298 articles were identified and 31 articles were selected. More than forty species of the families Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Arecaceae and Lauraceae were found, and the most cited substances were the phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Alkaloids and steroids were also found in some active plants. The relevance and importance of this work lies in the review of new potential herbal drugs for the treatment of AD, and this survey could collaborate for the development of new medicinal alternatives for this and other neurodegenerative problems related to cerebral availability of acetylcholine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present the professional trajectory of Opelina Rollemberg (1906-1966), considered one of the pioneers of Sergipe nursing, seeking to highlight the contributions of this nurse to the nursing training process in Sergipe and to discuss her professional contribution to the promotion health and in the historiographic context of Sergipe nursing. It is a documentary historical study, based on documentary and icnographic sources, as well as a bibliographic survey in scientific databases such as Scielo, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Pubmed. Initially, there were vestiges of the history of his life, followed by the process of formation and professional activity in Brazil. She was a student at the Anna Nery School of Nursing, where she continued her teaching career at the School. However, it was invited by the National Department of Public Health to work in the State Public Health organization. When she returned to Sergipe, he contributed to the health care project guided by the National model. She was also the pioneer and manager of the first course of State Nurse-visitors. In this context it is possible to infer about a woman, teacher and nurse who has had her life dedicated to studies and has effectively contributed, as an educator, in the organization of public health sergipana and in other localities of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to review the literature for the selenium (Se) content in Brazilian foods in order to investigate the degree of variation of this element, as well as its main food sources in Brazil. A literature research was conducted using three scientific databases: MEDLINE (United States National Library of Medicine), Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library (sciELO), from November to December 2015 to identify studies published in the last 10 years that evaluated the content of Se in Brazilian foods. Subsequently, the data were selected and extracted from the sources. Of the 1616 identified articles, 15 were included in this review, in which Se content was evaluated in 33 foods. The highest averages of Se was found in Brazil nuts (58.1 ± 3.00 μg/g), Brazil nut milk (6.63 ± 2.65 μg/g), carnivorous and non-carnivorous fish (1.63 ± 0.45 μg/g; 1.39 ± 0.074 μg/g, respectively), game meat (1.06 ± 0.45 μg/g), chicken organ meat (0.48 ± 0.13 μg/g), beef (0.38 ± 0.09 μg/g), crustaceans (1.08 μg/g) and egg yolks (0.56 ± 0.19). Most fruits and vegetables presented low levels of Se ( < 0.10 μg/g). The majority of the studies analyzed foods from the Amazon region. This is the first literature review to evaluate the levels of Se in Brazilian foods. These data may be used to evaluate the intake of Se in epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian karstology has been strengthened since the 1990s, resulting in scientific production gradually expanding into new areas studied and deepening the knowledge of regions already studied. Thus, this study aims to carry out a scientometric analysis of the scientific output on karst in Brazil between 1990 and 2020, enabling the evaluation of the development and trends of studies in a given scientific field, in this case, Brazilian karstology. The methodological procedures adopted involve quantitative analysis of scientific production in the Web of Science databases, Capes Periodicals Portal and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. The studies' analysis shows an exponential increase in karst studies in Brazil, especially in the last decade. There is also a predominance of articles published in English. Geology and zoology were the most studied sub-areas of knowledge; however, studies produced in several other areas stand out. The Southeast region contributed the most to karst research in Brazil, mainly through the University of São Paulo and the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The analyzed works presented a tendency of studies related to the taxonomy of underground species and research related to the conservation of karst environments. Finally, Brazilian karstology presents itself as an interdisciplinary science. • Exponential increase in the study of karst in Brazil. • Geology and Zoology are the most studied areas in karst in Brazil. • Studies on karst in Brazil are concentrated in the Southeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid global increase in the number and extent of marine protected areas (MPAs), there is a need for methods that enable an assessment of their actual contribution to biodiversity conservation. In Brazil, where MPAs have been designated to replenish biodiversity, there is a lack of regional-scale analysis of MPA impacts and the factors related to positive ecological change. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of the ecological effects of Brazilian MPAs and test whether some study and MPA characteristics (e.g., taxonomic group studied, exploitation level of species, MPA area, protection time, management effectiveness, level of connectedness, etc.) were underlying factors associated with their performance. We conducted a structured search in a database of scientific articles, selecting comparative studies of direct biodiversity metrics inside and outside MPAs offering different protection levels (i.e., fully- or partially-protected MPAs) or within MPAs with distinct zones. We then carried out a meta-analysis based on 424 observations found in 18 articles. Averaged across all studies, we found that MPAs had a 17% increase in the abundance of species, length of individuals, and community diversity. When compared to open-access areas, fully-protected MPAs increased biodiversity by 45%. However, MPAs offering partial protection had variable effects, ranging from significant positive to significant negative effects. MPA effects depended on the taxonomic group and exploitation level of species, with the strongest positive effects seen on exploited fish species and benthic invertebrates. Partially-protected MPAs that reported strong positive effects required long time of protection (>15years) and high level of connectivity. Conversely, fully-protected MPAs (i.e., no-take ones) could be effective even when small, under intense fishing pressure in their surroundings, and regardless of their level of connectivity. We used the Brazilian MPAs as a case study, but these results can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of the association between ecological impacts of MPAs and drivers of conservation success, and offer key information to consolidate MPA networks that sustain biodiversity. [Display omitted] • We used meta-analyses to assess the ecological effectiveness of MPAs. • We explored the variation in effects across protection levels and multiple drivers. • Fully-protected MPAs increased biodiversity by 45% when compared to unprotected areas. • The performance of partially-protected MPAs was variable and generally marginal. • Positive effects of MPAs were associated to protection time and seascape connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we summarized the evolution of scientific research about fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. We retrieved research articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database that reported studies of the Asian soybean rust (ASR) from 1945 to 2018. We applied the scientometric analysis of the temporal trends of authors, journals, research partnerships, and resistance genes to ASR. Several studies aiming to understand fungal etiology, testing, or improve strategies to control the pathogen were developed. The temporal trends in publications showed an increase in the number of publications between 2005 and 2013. This is directly related to the dissemination of ASR in South and later North America, which facilitates field research and an increase in grant opportunities. The USA had the highest number of published articles (42%), followed by Brazil, Germany, Japan, and Argentina. The leading organizations associated with these publications are from Brazil and the USA. 19% of articles pertaining to ASR were published in the journal Plant Disease. Our results also showed that among the seven dominant genes identified for resistance to ASR, Rpp1, and Rpp2 are the most studied. Several countries, institutions, and plant scientists are deeply involved in ASR research and have been making efforts to control this disease and ensure food security worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]