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A large language model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses natural language processing (NLP) to understand, interpret, and generate human-like language responses from unstructured text input. Its real-time response capabilities and eloquent dialogue enhance the interactive user experience in human–AI communication like never before. By gathering several sources on the internet, LLM chatbots can interact and respond to a wide range of queries, including problem solving, text summarization, and creating informative notes. Since ophthalmology is one of the medical fields integrating image analysis, telemedicine, AI, and other technologies, LLMs are likely to play an important role in eye care in the near future. This review summarizes the performance and potential applicability of LLMs in ophthalmology according to currently available publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the deep context transformer (DCT), which is a novel transformer model designed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of processing contextually interlinked sequences in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in dialogue systems and code completion. Although they are powerful, traditional transformer models, struggle to manage extended sequences and complex data structures because of their fixed-length context window and uniform attention mechanism. DCT addresses these limitations by implementing a chunked transformer methodology, where sequences in a dialogue or code chunk are treated as standalone sequences and part of a broader context. This approach is complemented by decayed attention weighting, which scales down cross-attention weights based on the sequence age within the chunk, and an innovative positional encoding scheme that reflects both the token's position within a sequence and the sequence's position within a chunk. DCT was evaluated using the Schema-Guided Dialogue dataset from the Eighth Dialog System Technology Challenge and a subset of the IBM Project CodeNet for code completion, focusing on metrics such as character error rate, word error rate, and Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores. The results revealed improvements in character error rate, word error rate, and BLEU scores compared to baseline models, with a notable increase in dialogue fluency and code completion accuracy. These achievements underscore the model's advanced contextual understanding, which demonstrates its effectiveness in NLP and programming language tasks. Additionally, a variant of the model was explored using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers as the encoder, which demonstrates similar improvements in performance metrics; however, it tended to repeat responses due to missing positional encoding across encoder chunk sequences. The ability of DCT to maintain context over extended conversations and code chunks demonstrated its potential as a transformative tool in dialogue systems and code completion, with applications extending to document summarization, and language translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a hybrid text summarization technique designed to enhance the analysis of qualitative feedback from online educational surveys. The technique was implemented at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) to tackle the challenges of processing large volumes of student feedback. The TextRank and Walktrap algorithms along with GPT-4o mini were used to analyze student comments regarding positive experiences, study challenges, and suggestions for improvement. The results indicate that students are satisfied with tutor–student interactions but concerns were raised about educational content and scheduling issues. To evaluate the proposed summarization approach, the G-Eval and DeepEval summarization metrics were employed, assessing the relevance, coherence, consistency, fluency, alignment, and coverage of the summaries. This research addresses the increasing demand for effective qualitative data analysis in higher education and contributes to ongoing discussions on student feedback in distance learning environments. By effectively summarizing open-ended responses, universities can better understand student experiences and make informed decisions to improve the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic ontologies have been widely utilized as crucial tools within natural language processing, underpinning applications such as knowledge extraction, question answering, machine translation, text comprehension, information retrieval, and text summarization. While the Kurdish language, a low-resource language, has been the subject of some ontological research in other dialects, a semantic web ontology for the Badini dialect remains conspicuously absent. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a methodology for constructing and utilizing a semantic web ontology for the Badini dialect of the Kurdish language. A Badini annotated corpus (UOZBDN) was created and manually annotated with part-of-speech (POS) tags. Subsequently, an HMM-based POS tagger model was developed using the UOZBDN corpus and applied to annotate additional text for ontology extraction. Ontology extraction was performed by employing predefined rules to identify nouns and verbs from the model-annotated corpus and subsequently forming semantic predicates. Robust methodologies were adopted for ontology development, resulting in a high degree of precision. The POS tagging model attained an accuracy of 95.04% when applied to the UOZBDN corpus. Furthermore, a manual evaluation conducted by Badini Kurdish language experts yielded a 97.42% accuracy rate for the extracted ontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crucial step in understanding natural language is detecting mentions that refer to real-world entities in a text and correctly identifying their boundaries. Mention detection is commonly considered a preprocessing step in coreference resolution which is shown to be helpful in several language processing applications such as machine translation and text summarization. Despite recent efforts on Turkish coreference resolution, no standalone neural solution to mention detection has been proposed yet. In this article, we present two models designed for detecting Turkish mentions by using feed-forward neural networks. Both models extract all spans up to a fixed length from input text as candidates and classify them as mentions or not mentions. The models differ in terms of how candidate text spans are represented. The first model represents a span by focusing on its first and last words, whereas the representation also covers the preceding and proceeding words of a span in the second model. Mention span representations are formed by using contextual embeddings, part-of-speech embeddings, and named-entity embeddings of words in interest where contextual embeddings are obtained from pretrained Turkish language models. In our evaluation studies, we not only assess the impact of mention representation strategies on system performance but also demonstrate the usability of different pretrained language models in resolution task. We argue that our work provides useful insights to the existing literature and the first step in understanding the effectiveness of neural architectures in Turkish mention detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Crafting the right keywords and crafting their ad creatives is an arduous task that requires the collaboration of online marketers, creative directors, data scientists, and possibly linguists. Many parts of this craft are still manual and therefore not scalable especially for large e-commerce companies that have big inventories and big search campaigns. Furthermore, the craft is inherently experimental, which means that the marketing team has to experiment with different marketing messages from subtle to strong, with different keywords from broadly relevant (to the product) to exactly/specifically relevant, with different landing pages from informative to transactional, and many other test variants. The failure to experiment quickly for finding what works results in users being dissatisfied and marketing budget being wasted. For rapid experimentation, we set out to generate ad creatives automatically. The process of generating an ad creative from a given landing page is considered as a text summarization problem and we adopted the abstractive text summarization approach. We reported the results of our empirical evaluation on generative adversarial networks and reinforcement learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framing theory is a widely accepted theoretical framework in the field of news communication studies, frequently employed to analyze the content of news reports. This paper innovatively introduces framing theory into the text summarization task and proposes a news text summarization method based on framing theory to address the global context of rapidly increasing speed and scale of information dissemination. Traditional text summarization methods often overlook the implicit deep-level semantic content and situational frames in news texts, and the method proposed in this paper aims to fill this gap. Our deep learning-based news frame identification module can automatically identify frame elements in the text and predict the dominant frame of the text. The frame-aware summarization generation model (FrameSum) can incorporate the identified frame feature into the text representation and attention mechanism, ensuring that the generated summary focuses on the core content of the news report while maintaining high information coverage, readability, and objectivity. Through empirical studies on the standard CNN/Daily Mail dataset, we found that this method performs significantly better in improving summary quality and maintaining the accuracy of news facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative document summarization is a natural language processing technique that generates short summary sentences while preserving the content of long texts. Various fine-tuned pre-trained document summarization models have been proposed using a specific single text-summarization dataset. However, each text-summarization dataset usually specializes in a particular downstream task. Therefore, it is difficult to treat all cases involving multiple domains using a single dataset. Accordingly, when a generative document summarization model is fine-tuned to a specific dataset, it performs well, whereas the performance is degraded by up to 45% for datasets that are not used during learning. In short, summarization models perform well with in-domain cases, as the dataset domain during training and evaluation is the same but perform poorly with out-domain inputs. In this paper, we propose a new curriculum-learning method using mixed datasets while training a generative summarization model to be more robust on out-domain datasets. Our method performed better than XSum with 10%, 20%, and 10% lower performance degradation in CNN/DM, which comprised one of two test datasets used, compared to baseline model performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amharic is one of the under‐resourced languages, making news headline generation particularly challenging due to the scarcity of high‐quality linguistic datasets necessary for training effective natural language processing models. In this study, we fine‐tuned the small check point of the T5v1.1 model (t5‐small) to perform Amharic news headline generation with an Amharic dataset that is comprised of over 70k news articles along with their headline. Fine‐tuning the model involves dataset collection from Amharic news websites, text cleaning, news article size optimization using the TF‐IDF algorithm, and tokenization. In addition, a tokenizer model is developed using the byte pair encoding (BPE) algorithm prior to feeding the dataset for feature extraction and summarization. Metrics including Rouge‐L, BLEU, and Meteor were used to evaluate the performance of the model and a score of 0.5, 0.24, and 0.71, respectively, was achieved on the test partition of the dataset that contains 7230 instances. The results were good relative to result of the t5 model without fine‐tuning, which are 0.1, 0.03, and 0.14, respectively. A postprocessing technique using a rule‐based approach was used for further improving summaries generated by the model. The addition of the postprocessing helped the system to achieve Rouge‐L, BLEU, and Meteor scores of 0.72, 0.52, and 0.81, respectively. The result value is relatively better than the result achieved by the nonfine‐tuned T5v1.1 model and the result of previous studies report on abstractive‐based text summarization for Amharic language, which had a 0.27 Rouge‐L score. This contributes a valuable insight for practical application and further improvement of the model in the future by increasing the article length, using more training data, using machine learning–based adaptive postprocessing techniques, and fine‐tuning other available pretrained models for text summarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pharmaceutical industry, there is an abundance of regulatory documents used to understand the current regulatory landscape and proactively make project decisions. Due to the size of these documents, it is helpful for project teams to have informative summaries. We propose a novel solution, MedicoVerse, to summarize such documents using advanced machine learning techniques. MedicoVerse uses a multi-stage approach, combining word embeddings using the SapBERT model on regulatory documents. These embeddings are put through a critical hierarchical agglomerative clustering step, and the clusters are organized through a custom data structure. Each cluster is summarized using the bart-large-cnn-samsum model, and each summary is merged to create a comprehensive summary of the original document. We compare MedicoVerse results with established models T5, Google Pegasus, Facebook BART, and large language models such as Mixtral 8 × 7b instruct, GPT 3.5, and Llama-2-70b by introducing a scoring system that considers four factors: ROUGE score, BERTScore, business entities and the Flesch Reading Ease. Our results show that MedicoVerse outperforms the compared models, thus producing informative summaries of large regulatory documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative text summaries often suffer from factual inconsistencies, where the summary deviates from the original text. This significantly reduces their usefulness. To address this issue, we propose a novel method for improving the factual accuracy of Chinese summaries by leveraging dependency graphs. Our approach involves analyzing the input text to build a dependency graph. This graph, along with the original text, is then processed by separate models: a Relational Graph Attention Neural Network for the dependency graph and a Transformer model for the text itself. Finally, a Transformer decoder generates the summary. We evaluate the factual consistency of the generated summaries using various methods. Experiments demonstrate that our approach improves about 7.79 points compared to the baseline Transformer model on the Chinese LCSTS dataset using ROUGE-1 metric, and 4.48 points in the factual consistency assessment model StructBERT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vast amount of textual information on the internet has amplified the importance of text summarization models. Abstractive summarization generates original words and sentences that may not exist in the source document to be summarized. Such abstractive models may suffer from shortcomings such as linguistic acceptability and hallucinations. Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) is a metric commonly used to evaluate abstractive summarization models. However, due to its n-gram-based approach, it ignores several critical linguistic aspects. In this work, we propose Similarity, Entailment, and Acceptability Score (SEAScore), an automatic evaluation metric for evaluating abstractive text summarization models using the power of state-of-the-art pre-trained language models. SEAScore comprises three language models (LMs) that extract meaningful linguistic features from candidate and reference summaries and a weighted sum aggregator that computes an evaluation score. Experimental results show that our LM-based SEAScore metric correlates better with human judgment than standard evaluation metrics such as ROUGE-N and BERTScore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data augmentation in Natural Language Processing (NLP) faces various challenges that hinder its widespread adoption, unlike its ever-present usage in the field of vision. It is even more the case for the text summarization task where one should focus on both article and summary. In this paper, we review the effect of back translation augmentation, present the diverse beam search decoding strategy, and masking as a method to generate synthetic data for text summarization. The approaches will be evaluated by ROUGE score, novelty, summary length, and GPT-4 to analyze their effectiveness. Our proposed framework presents multiple combinations of back translation and masking for articles, along with diverse augmentation for summaries. Although applicable to networks of any size, we decided to use BART-large, a relatively smaller model, in order to conduct a larger number of experiments. The experiments demonstrated superior performance across all specified metrics when compared to fine-tuning BART-large on the CNN/Dailymail dataset. Specifically, we showed a significant improvement in novelty; 158% and 56% increase rate for bigrams and unigrams, respectively. It could eliminate some copyright concerns around generating content similar to human writing. Additionally, the GPT-4 assessment indicates that models trained using the augmentation technique tend to capture important information more effectively than the baseline model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Off-site construction is well-known technology that facilitates parallel processes of manufacturing and construction processes. This method enhances productivity while reducing accident, cost, and environmental impact. Many studies have highlighted its benefits, prompting further encouragement of off-site construction. This study consolidates current research and charts future directions by reviewing the existing literature. However, reviewing papers is time-intensive and laborious. Consequently, generative AI models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), are increasingly employed for document summarization. Specifically, LangChain influences LLMs through chaining data, demonstrating notable potential for research paper reviews. This study aims to evaluate the well-documented advantages of off-site construction through LangChain integrated with an LLM. It follows a streamlined process from the collection of research papers to conducting network analysis, examining 47 papers to uncover that current research primarily demonstrates off-site construction's superiority through cutting-edge technologies. Yet, a data deficiency remains a challenge. The findings demonstrate that LangChain can rapidly and effectively summarize research, making it a valuable tool for literature reviews. This study advocates the broader application of LangChain in reviewing research papers, emphasizing its potential to streamline the literature review process and provide clear insights into off-site construction's evolving landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry, there is an abundance of regulatory documents used to understand the current regulatory landscape and proactively make project decisions. Due to the size of these documents, it is helpful for project teams to have informative summaries. We propose a novel solution, MedicoVerse, to summarize such documents using advanced machine learning techniques. MedicoVerse uses a multi-stage approach, combining word embeddings using the SapBERT model on regulatory documents. These embeddings are put through a critical hierarchical agglomerative clustering step, and the clusters are organized through a custom data structure. Each cluster is summarized using the bart-large-cnn-samsum model, and each summary is merged to create a comprehensive summary of the original document. We compare MedicoVerse results with established models T5, Google Pegasus, Facebook BART, and large language models such as Mixtral 8 $$\times $$ × 7b instruct, GPT 3.5, and Llama-2-70b by introducing a scoring system that considers four factors: ROUGE score, BERTScore, business entities and the Flesch Reading Ease. Our results show that MedicoVerse outperforms the compared models, thus producing informative summaries of large regulatory documents.

Nowadays, due to the constantly growing amount of textual information, automatic text summarization constitutes an important research area in natural language processing. In this work, we present a novel framework that combines semantic graph representations along with deep learning predictions to generate abstractive summaries of single documents, in an effort to utilize a semantic representation of the unstructured textual content in a machine-readable, structured, and concise manner. The overall framework is based on a well defined methodology for performing semantic graph parsing, graph construction, graph transformations for machine learning models and deep learning predictions. The employed semantic graph representation focuses on using the model of abstract meaning representation. Several combinations of graph construction and graph transformation methods are investigated to specify the most efficient of them for the machine learning models. Additionally, a range of deep learning architectures is examined, including a sequence-to-sequence attentive network, reinforcement learning, transformer-based architectures, and pre-trained neural language models. In this direction, a semantic graph representation of an original text is extracted, and then the present framework formulates the problem as a graph-to-summary learning problem to predict a summary of an original text. To the best of our knowledge, this formulation of graph-to-summary predictions in abstractive text summarization, without other intermediate steps in the machine learning phase, has not been presented in the relevant literature. Another important contribution is an introduction of a measure for assessing the factual consistency of the generated summaries in an effort to provide a qualitative evaluation. To assess the framework, an extensive experimental procedure is presented that uses popular datasets to evaluate key aspects of the proposed approach. The obtained results exhibit promising performance, validating the robustness of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most recent and precise biological and healthcare knowledge is critical in the current outbreak such as COVID. In today's small world, everyone needs timely and appropriate medical information to prevent contagious diseases. Extraction of important information from medical conversations and dissemination to patients and doctors may benefit in the treatments of doctor tiredness and patient amnesia. Problem: Automatic text summarizing is essential for gaining great knowledge in any topic in an efficient and productive manner. The material included in health records is vital to our understanding of kind illness and its manifestations. Creating a comprehensive and standard kind of content is becoming an unavoidable and crucial problem in the medical process as a result of the massive amounts of fragmented data created in many sectors. Approach: The purpose of this study is to employ NLP‐based deep learning algorithms for text summary that perform well on linguistic text summarization data, and then modify/adapt these for biomedical domain‐specific text summarization. This paper provides an approach developed in‐house for condensing ill‐punctuated or unpunctuated discussion transcripts into more intelligible summaries, which combines topic modelling and phrase selection with punctuation restorations. For autonomous synthesis of medical reports from biomedical transcripts, this research proposes using an end‐to‐end summarization technique, Deep Dense Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM), followed by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Results: Extensive testing, examination, and comparing have demonstrated that this summarizer works well for medical transcript summarization. The suggested approach achieved an average ROUGE score of 93.5% using a single document summary. Furthermore, by comparing new techniques to previous ones, the utility and accuracy of novel strategies would be shown. The results reveal that models trained on ordinary language provide comparable results on a biomedical testing set, with one model outperforming the linguistic test set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the internet and computing devices significantly increases the rise of the quantity of information. The major technique which is utilized to lower the limit of information quantity is ATS. By this technique, the text documents are precisely summarized within a short time as per user requirements. However, its effectiveness is limited due to various issues like subject identification, elucidation, summary generation and analysis of the generated summary. To tackle these issues and to obtain precise and concise summarized text, this proposed approach results as the efficient multi-document summarization approach by focusing on those issues. This proposed approach is incorporated with preprocessing, feature extraction, knowledge extraction and summarization processes. Initially, preprocessing is done by BERT tokenization and it results in preprocessed tokens from multiple documents. The features extracted from preprocessed tokens are the proposed aspect term feature, TF-IDF feature, Word2Vec feature and average word length feature. After, relevant features are extracted from the preprocessed token to train modified CNN in the feature extraction process. Instantaneously, the preprocessed tokens are employed in the knowledge extraction process for extracting essential knowledge to improve the training ability of modified CNN. This modified CNN is trained with the obtained weight, extracted feature set and knowledge to obtain precise and concise summarized text from multiple documents. Thus, the final summarized outcome has been from modified CNN with transfer learning (MCNN-TL). Finally, a variety of analyses are used to assess the suggested multi-document summary methodology, demonstrating its superiority over current summarization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a critical tool in healthcare and capture a wide array of patient information that can inform clinical decision-making. However, the sheer volume and complexity of EHR data present challenges for healthcare providers, particularly in fast-paced environments such as intensive care units (ICUs). To address this problem, the automatic summarization of the main problems of patients from daily progress notes can be extremely helpful. Furthermore, by accurately predicting ICU patients' lengths of stay (LOSs), resource allocation and management can be optimized, allowing for a more efficient flow of patients within the healthcare system. This work proposes a hybrid method to summarize EHR notes and studies the potential of these summaries together with structured data for the prediction of LOSs of ICU patients. Our investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of combining extractive and abstractive summarization techniques with a concept-based method combined with a text-to-text transfer transformer (T5), which shows the most promising results. By integrating the generated summaries and diagnoses with other features, our study contributes to the accurate prediction of LOSs, with a support vector machine emerging as our best-performing classifier with an accuracy of 77.5%, surpassing existing systems and highlighting the potential for optimal allocation of resources within ICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a list of references to scientific articles and papers related to topics such as Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, virtual reality, and machine learning. The articles cover a range of subjects including biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, cognitive training interventions, the use of virtual reality in assessing cognitive impairment, and the application of machine learning in healthcare. These references can be helpful for library patrons conducting research on these specific topics. [Extracted from the article]

Question‐driven automatic text summarization is a popular technique to produce concise and informative answers to specific questions using a document collection. Both query‐based and question‐driven summarization may not produce reliable summaries nor contain relevant information if they do not take advantage of extractive and abstractive summarization mechanisms to improve performance. In this article, we propose a novel extractive and abstractive hybrid framework designed for question‐driven automatic text summarization. The framework consists of complimentary modules that work together to generate an effective summary: (1) discovering appropriate non‐redundant sentences as plausible answers using an open‐domain multi‐hop question answering system based on a convolutional neural network, multi‐head attention mechanism and reasoning process; and (2) a novel paraphrasing generative adversarial network model based on transformers rewrites the extracted sentences in an abstractive setup. Experiments show this framework results in more reliable abstractive summary than competing methods. We have performed extensive experiments on public datasets, and the results show our model can outperform many question‐driven and query‐based baseline methods (an R1, R2, RL increase of 6%–7% for over the next highest baseline). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the widespread use of social media and easy access to the Internet have brought about a significant transformation in the type of textual data available on the Web. This change is particularly evident in Arabic language usage, as the growing number of users from diverse domains has led to a considerable influx of Arabic text in various dialects, each characterized by differences in morphology, syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Consequently, researchers in language recognition and natural language processing have become increasingly interested in identifying Arabic dialects. Numerous methods have been proposed to recognize this informal data, owing to its crucial implications for several applications, such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text summarization, and machine translation. However, Arabic dialect identification is a significant challenge due to the vast diversity of the Arabic language in its dialects. This study introduces a novel hybrid machine and deep learning model, incorporating an attention mechanism for detecting and classifying Arabic dialects. Several experiments were conducted using a novel dataset that collected information from user-generated comments from Twitter of Arabic dialects, namely, Egyptian, Gulf, Jordanian, and Yemeni, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The dataset comprises 34,905 rows extracted from Twitter, representing an unbalanced data distribution. The data annotation was performed by native speakers proficient in each dialect. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the performance of long short-term memory, bidirectional long short-term memory, and logistic regression models in dialect classification using different word representations as follows: term frequency-inverse document frequency, Word2Vec, and global vector for word representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of the internet today, along with the rapidly increasing information, has brought along great information pollution. it has become a big problem for internet users to obtain meaningful data from this large and noisy data. Text summarization, which is generally used on texts obtained from digital media, has also been used for summarizing scientific articles in different fields. in this study, a scientific text summary study was carried out to be used on Turkish articles written in the field of informatics. A large Turkish Informatics Literature dataset was created with the articles collected from Dergipark. in addition to the text pre-processing studies available in the literature on this dataset, a new original pre-processing function has been developed by the scientific article format. While summarizing, Deep Belief Networks (DBN), which has an increasing use in the field of natural language processing in the literature, has been used. To measure the performance of the developed system, reference summaries were created with the BERT algorithm, which is a pre-trained natural language processing model. After the scientific articles were summarized with BERT and Deep Belief Networks, the abstracts were compared with BERT Score and BART Score, a specialized comparison metric of the BERT Model. The results showed that the developed Turkish informatics Literature Summarization Method constitutes a summary of a scientific article with 0.78 F-Score and 0.68 BART Score in the BERT Score metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have already proven their strength as a source of high-quality information for different tasks such as data integration, search, text summarization, and personalization. Another prominent research field that has been benefiting from the adoption of KGs is that of Recommender Systems (RSs). Feeding a RS with data coming from a KG improves recommendation accuracy, diversity, and novelty, and paves the way to the creation of interpretable models that can be used for explanations. This possibility of combining a KG with a RS raises the question whether such an addition can be performed in a plug-and-play fashion – also with respect to the recommendation domain – or whether each combination needs a careful evaluation. To investigate such a question, we consider all possible combinations of (i) three recommendation tasks (books, music, movies); (ii) three recommendation models fed with data from a KG (and in particular, a semantics-aware deep learning model, that we discuss in detail), compared with three baseline models without KG addition; (iii) two main encyclopedic KGs freely available on the Web: DBpedia and Wikidata. Supported by an extensive experimental evaluation, we show the final results in terms of accuracy and diversity of the various combinations, highlighting that the injection of knowledge does not always pay off. Moreover, we show how the choice of the KG, and the form of data in it, affect the results, depending on the recommendation domain and the learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractive summarization, a pivotal task in natural language processing, aims to distill essential content from lengthy documents efficiently. Traditional methods often struggle with capturing the nuanced interdependencies between different document elements, which is crucial to producing coherent and contextually rich summaries. This paper introduces Multi-Element Contextual Hypergraph Extractive Summarizer (MCHES), a novel framework designed to address these challenges through an advanced hypergraph-based approach. MCHES constructs a contextual hypergraph where sentences form nodes interconnected by multiple types of hyperedges, including semantic, narrative, and discourse hyperedges. This structure captures complex relationships and maintains narrative flow, enhancing semantic coherence across the summary. The framework incorporates a Contextual Homogenization Module (CHM), which harmonizes features from diverse hyperedges, and a Hypergraph Contextual Attention Module (HCA), which employs a dual-level attention mechanism to focus on the most salient information. The innovative Extractive Read-out Strategy selects the optimal set of sentences to compose the final summary, ensuring that the latter reflects the core themes and logical structure of the original text. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods. Specifically, MCHES achieves an average ROUGE-1 score of 44.756, a ROUGE-2 score of 24.963, and a ROUGE-L score of 42.477 on the CNN/DailyMail dataset, surpassing the best-performing baseline by 3.662%, 3.395%, and 2.166% respectively. Furthermore, MCHES achieves BERTScore values of 59.995 on CNN/DailyMail, 88.424 on XSum, and 89.285 on PubMed, indicating superior semantic alignment with human-generated summaries. Additionally, MCHES achieves MoverScore values of 87.432 on CNN/DailyMail, 60.549 on XSum, and 59.739 on PubMed, highlighting its effectiveness in maintaining content movement and ordering. These results confirm that the MCHES framework sets a new standard for extractive summarization by leveraging contextual hypergraphs for better narrative and thematic fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is gaining popularity as there is a growing demand for a system capable of processing extensive textual content and delivering a concise, yet meaningful, relevant, and useful summary. Manual summarization is both expensive and time-consuming, making it impractical for humans to handle vast amounts of data. Consequently, the need for ATS systems has become evident. These systems encounter challenges such as ensuring comprehensive content coverage, determining the appropriate length of the summary, addressing redundancy, and maintaining coherence in the generated summary. Researchers are actively addressing these challenges by employing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. While traditional methods exist for generating summaries, they often fall short of addressing multiple aspects simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, recent advancements have introduced multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for ATS. This study proposes an enhancement to the performance of ATS through the utilization of an improved version of the Binary Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (BMOGWO), incorporating mutation. The performance of this enhanced algorithm is assessed by comparing it with state-of-the-art algorithms using the DUC2002 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the compared approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a pioneering approach that leverages advanced sensing technologies and data processing techniques to enhance the process of clinical documentation generation during medical consultations. By employing sophisticated sensors to capture and interpret various cues such as speech patterns, intonations, or pauses, the system aims to accurately perceive and understand patient–doctor interactions in real time. This sensing capability allows for the automation of transcription and summarization tasks, facilitating the creation of concise and informative clinical documents. Through the integration of automatic speech recognition sensors, spoken dialogue is seamlessly converted into text, enabling efficient data capture. Additionally, deep models such as Transformer models are utilized to extract and analyze crucial information from the dialogue, ensuring that the generated summaries encapsulate the essence of the consultations accurately. Despite encountering challenges during development, experimentation with these sensing technologies has yielded promising results. The system achieved a maximum ROUGE-1 metric score of 0.57, demonstrating its effectiveness in summarizing complex medical discussions. This sensor-based approach aims to alleviate the administrative burden on healthcare professionals by automating documentation tasks and safeguarding important patient information. Ultimately, by enhancing the efficiency and reliability of clinical documentation, this innovative method contributes to improving overall healthcare outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural language processing (NLP) performs a vital function in text summarization, a task targeted at refining the crucial information from the massive quantity of textual data. NLP methods allow computers to comprehend and process human language, permitting the development of advanced summarization methods. Text summarization includes the automatic generation of a concise and coherent summary of a specified document or collection of documents. Extracting significant insights from text data is crucial as it provides advanced solutions to end-users and business organizations. Automatic text summarization (ATS) computerizes text summarization by decreasing the initial size of the text without the loss of main data features. Deep learning (DL) approaches exhibited significant performance in abstractive and extractive summarization tasks. This research designed an extractive text summarization using NLP with an optimal DL (ETS-NLPODL) model. The major goal of the ETS-NLPODL technique was to exploit feature selection with a hyperparameter-tuned DL model for summarizing the text. In the ETS-NLPODL technique, an initial step of data preprocessing was involved to convert the input text into a compatible format. Next, a feature extraction process was carried out and the optimal set of features was chosen by the hunger games search optimization (HGSO) algorithm. For text summarization, the ETS-NLPODL model used an attention-based convolutional neural network with a gated recurrent unit (ACNN-GRU) model. Finally, the mountain gazelle optimization (MGO) algorithm was employed for the optimal hyperparameter selection of the ACNNGRU model. The experimental results of the ETS-NLPODL system were examined under the benchmark dataset. The experimentation outcomes pointed out that the ETS-NLPODL technique gained better performance over other methods concerning diverse performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentence clustering plays a central role in various text-processing activities and has received extensive attention for measuring semantic similarity between compared sentences. However, relatively little focus has been placed on evaluating clustering performance using available similarity measures that adopt low-dimensional continuous representations. Such representations are crucial in domains like sentence clustering, where traditional word co-occurrence representations often achieve poor results when clustering semantically similar sentences that share no common words. This article presents a new implementation that incorporates a sentence similarity measure based on the notion of embedding representation for evaluating the performance of three types of text clustering methods: partitional clustering, hierarchical clustering, and fuzzy clustering, on standard textual datasets. This measure derives its semantic information from pre-training models designed to simulate human knowledge about words in natural language. The article also compares the performance of the used similarity measure by training it on two state-of-the-art pre-training models to investigate which yields better results. We argue that the superior performance of the selected clustering methods stems from their more effective use of the semantic information offered by this embedding-based similarity measure. Furthermore, we use hierarchical clustering, the best-performing method, for a text summarization task and report the results. The implementation in this article demonstrates that incorporating the sentence embedding measure leads to significantly improved performance in both text clustering and text summarization tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Amharic is one of the under‐resourced languages, making news headline generation particularly challenging due to the scarcity of high‐quality linguistic datasets necessary for training effective natural language processing models. In this study, we fine‐tuned the small check point of the T5v1.1 model (t5‐small) to perform Amharic news headline generation with an Amharic dataset that is comprised of over 70k news articles along with their headline. Fine‐tuning the model involves dataset collection from Amharic news websites, text cleaning, news article size optimization using the TF‐IDF algorithm, and tokenization. In addition, a tokenizer model is developed using the byte pair encoding (BPE) algorithm prior to feeding the dataset for feature extraction and summarization. Metrics including Rouge‐L, BLEU, and Meteor were used to evaluate the performance of the model and a score of 0.5, 0.24, and 0.71, respectively, was achieved on the test partition of the dataset that contains 7230 instances. The results were good relative to result of the t5 model without fine‐tuning, which are 0.1, 0.03, and 0.14, respectively. A postprocessing technique using a rule‐based approach was used for further improving summaries generated by the model. The addition of the postprocessing helped the system to achieve Rouge‐L, BLEU, and Meteor scores of 0.72, 0.52, and 0.81, respectively. The result value is relatively better than the result achieved by the nonfine‐tuned T5v1.1 model and the result of previous studies report on abstractive‐based text summarization for Amharic language, which had a 0.27 Rouge‐L score. This contributes a valuable insight for practical application and further improvement of the model in the future by increasing the article length, using more training data, using machine learning–based adaptive postprocessing techniques, and fine‐tuning other available pretrained models for text summarization.

As the amount of the available information continues to grow, finding the relevant information has become increasingly challenging. As a solution, text summarization has emerged as a vital method for extracting essential information from lengthy documents. There are various techniques available for filtering documents and extracting the pertinent information. In this study, a comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate traditional approaches and state-of-the-art methods on the BBC News and CNN/DailyMail datasets. This study offers valuable insights for researchers to advance their research and helps practitioners in selecting the most suitable techniques for their specific use cases.

Abstract Background Text summarization is a challenging problem in Natural Language Processing, which involves condensing the content of textual documents without losing their overall meaning and information content, In the domain of bio-medical research, summaries are critical for efficient data analysis and information retrieval. While several bio-medical text summarizers exist in the literature, they often miss out on an essential text aspect: text semantics. Results This paper proposes a novel extractive summarizer that preserves text semantics by utilizing bio-semantic models. We evaluate our approach using ROUGE on a standard dataset and compare it with three state-of-the-art summarizers. Our results show that our approach outperforms existing summarizers. Conclusion The usage of semantics can improve summarizer performance and lead to better summaries. Our summarizer has the potential to aid in efficient data analysis and information retrieval in the field of biomedical research.

Natural language processing (NLP) performs a vital function in text summarization, a task targeted at refining the crucial information from the massive quantity of textual data. NLP methods allow computers to comprehend and process human language, permitting the development of advanced summarization methods. Text summarization includes the automatic generation of a concise and coherent summary of a specified document or collection of documents. Extracting significant insights from text data is crucial as it provides advanced solutions to end-users and business organizations. Automatic text summarization (ATS) computerizes text summarization by decreasing the initial size of the text without the loss of main data features. Deep learning (DL) approaches exhibited significant performance in abstractive and extractive summarization tasks. This research designed an extractive text summarization using NLP with an optimal DL (ETS-NLPODL) model. The major goal of the ETS-NLPODL technique was to exploit feature selection with a hyperparameter-tuned DL model for summarizing the text. In the ETS-NLPODL technique, an initial step of data preprocessing was involved to convert the input text into a compatible format. Next, a feature extraction process was carried out and the optimal set of features was chosen by the hunger games search optimization (HGSO) algorithm. For text summarization, the ETS-NLPODL model used an attention-based convolutional neural network with a gated recurrent unit (ACNN-GRU) model. Finally, the mountain gazelle optimization (MGO) algorithm was employed for the optimal hyperparameter selection of the ACNN-GRU model. The experimental results of the ETS-NLPODL system were examined under the benchmark dataset. The experimentation outcomes pointed out that the ETS-NLPODL technique gained better performance over other methods concerning diverse performance measures.

The explosive growth of dialogue data has aroused significant interest among scholars in abstractive dialogue summarization. In this paper, we propose a novel sequence-to-sequence framework called DS-SS (Dialogue Summarization with Factual-Statement Fusion and Dialogue Segmentation) for summarizing dialogues. The novelty of the DS-SS framework mainly lies in two aspects: 1) Factual statements are extracted from the source dialogue and combined with the source dialogue to perform the further dialogue encoding; and 2) A dialogue segmenter is trained and used to separate a dialogue to be encoded into several topic-coherent segments. Thanks to these two aspects, the proposed framework may better encode dialogues, thereby generating summaries exhibiting higher factual consistency and informativeness. Experimental results on two large-scale datasets SAMSum and DialogSum demonstrate the superiority of our framework over strong baselines, as evidenced by both automatic evaluation metrics and human evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Document summarization is the task of generating a shorter form of document with important information content. Automatic text summarization has been developed for this process and is still widely used. It is divided into two main parts as extractive summarization and abstractive summarization. In this study, we used sentence ranking methods for extractive summarization for Turkish news text within the scope of the experimental study. We used different summarization rates, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%. Summarization results were evaluated with the ROUGE ve BLEU metrics. We proposed new methods based on major vowel harmony and minor vowel harmony features. We obtained high evaluation results in both ROUGE ve BLEU metrics with major vowel harmony and minor vowel harmony features. Additionally, we studied a hybrid model using major vowel harmony and minor vowel harmony rules together. We obtained the best results with major vowel harmony, minor vowel harmony, and hybrid model (major vowel harmony and minor vowel harmony together). We compared the three proposed methods with the BERTurk model prepared for Turkish based on Google BERT. The results obtained gave very close results to this state-of-the-art method and showed that it is worth developing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to deal with some artificial intelligence solutions to help improving the usability of library websites for visually impaired users. The current research is a qualitative one conducted with interview and think aloud protocol. In this research, through interview with visually impaired users, the best and worst features of library websites were questioned. Users were observed while using a library website and performing daily tasks while verbally expressing their thoughts, feelings, and opinions about their interaction experience. The interview was conducted individually and online or at a specific location. Four large library websites of the country (the National Library and Archives of Iran; Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi; Library, Museum and Document Center of Islamic Consultative Assembly, and the Central Library and Document Center of Tehran University) were selected to perform the tasks. The research community was visually impaired users who were selected using the targeted sampling method in the number of 33 people. The analysis of the users’ conversations was done based on qualitative content analysis, and the MaxQDA software was used and placed in 90 final codes and 3 general categories and 8 subcategories. These codes were continuously expanded and revised while reviewing the transcripts. Another researcher participated in the content analysis and reviewed the transcripts and extracted categories, and the data were evaluated several times. The best features of the websites from the users’ point of view were: standard and accessibility of the elements on the pages, valuable content and honesty in introducing and presenting the content, logical segmentation and headings and proper organization of page elements, allocation of Alt tag for graphics, optimal organization of results search, etc. The worst features of the websites were: image and unknown security codes (captchas), lack of automatic correction of keywords spelling mistakes, problems of online conversations and unknown sending and receiving messages, dynamic content, lack of adjustment of elements on the page with the keyboard, not having labels for graphics and user input elements, and nonprincipled page design, etc. Automatic correction, intelligent voice assistants, result clustering, intelligent filtering, intelligent question and answer, text and image processing/ image description, text summarization, semantic search and natural language and user interface personalization are some of the ways to improve the usability of library websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GPT-3 is a neuronal language model that performs tasks such as classification, question-answering and text summarization. Although chatbots like BlenderBot-3 work well in a conversational sense, and GPT-3 can assist experts in evaluating questions, they are quantifiably worse than real teachers in several pedagogical dimensions. We present the first systematic literature review that analyzes the main contributions and uses of GPT-3 in the field of education. The protocols suggested in the PRISMA 2020 statement were followed for the drafting of the review. According to the results, 34 significant productions were identified through a systematic search in ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. GPT-3 has been considered in the academic, ethical and medical fields, in humanities and in computer science, in the formulation of questions and answers, and through cooperative educational dialogs. GPT-3 has been proven to have valuable applications in education, such as the automation of routine tasks, in making quick diagnoses of the students' weaknesses and in the automatic generation of questions, but it still faces challenges and limitations that require additional investigation. We discuss the educational possibilities and the limitations to the use of GPT-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical imaging description and disease diagnosis are vitally important yet time-consuming. Automated diagnosis report generation (DRG) from medical imaging description can reduce clinicians' workload and improve their routine efficiency. To address this natural language generation task, fine-tuning a pre-trained large language model (LLM) is cost-effective and indispensable, and its success has been witnessed in many downstream applications. However, semantic inconsistency of sentence embeddings has been massively observed from undesirable repetitions or unnaturalness in text generation. To address the underlying issue of anisotropic distribution of token representation, in this study, a contrastive learning penalized cross-entropy (CLpCE) objective function is implemented to enhance the semantic consistency and accuracy of token representation by guiding the fine-tuning procedure towards a specific task. Furthermore, to improve the diversity of token generation in text summarization and to prevent sampling from unreliable tail of token distributions, a diversity contrastive search (DCS) decoding method is designed for restricting the report generation derived from a probable candidate set with maintained semantic coherence. Furthermore, a novel metric named the maximum of token repetition ratio (maxTRR) is proposed to estimate the token diversity and to help determine the candidate output. Based on the LLM of a generative pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) of Chinese version, the proposed CLpCE with DCS (CLpCEwDCS) decoding framework is validated on 30,000 desensitized text samples from the "Medical Imaging Diagnosis Report Generation" track of 2023 Global Artificial Intelligence Technology Innovation Competition. Using four kinds of metrics evaluated from n-gram word matching, semantic relevance, and content similarity as well as the maxTRR metric extensive experiments reveal that the proposed framework effectively maintains semantic coherence and accuracy (BLEU-1, 0.4937; BLEU-2, 0.4107; BLEU-3, 0.3461; BLEU-4, 0.2933; METEOR, 0.2612; ROUGE, 0.5182; CIDER, 1.4339) and improves text generation diversity and naturalness (maxTRR, 0.12). The phenomenon of dull or repetitive text generation is common when fine-tuning pre-trained LLMs for natural language processing applications. This study might shed some light on relieving this issue by developing comprehensive strategies to enhance semantic coherence, accuracy and diversity of sentence embeddings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important application of natural language processing (NLP) is Name Entity Recognition (NER). It automatically recognise and categorise named entities in a document. Named Entities can be the name of an individual, group, place, etc. It is crucial to the success of NER applications including text summarization, machine translation and information extraction and retrieval. It is one of the most useful application tools for a variety of topics and languages. Despite its widespread use and effectiveness in English, this field is currently under investigation for other Indian languages, such as Bodo. Due to the lack of resources and a high-quality dataset, NER in Bodo is a difficult task. In this research, a deep learning-based NER tagger is investigated for the Bodo language and NER tagged dataset is generated for Bodo language using Docanno and enlarge the dataset size by employing a data augmentation technique. As there is no Bodo NER baseline model to compared with, we employed several deep learning techniques for Bodo NER System and compared their results. We achieved an accuracy of 99.62%, precision of 99.75%, recall of 98.74% and F-score of 99.35% when employed with LSTM and character based. This study also highlights GRU and CNN based models performance in Bodo NER task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building an efficient summarization and search tool for research articles is a complex task that involves interdisciplinary expertise in NLP, database management, web development, and user experience design. With the rapid growth of the scientific content, manually reading and selecting important content of research articles became challenging. Thus, there is a need for a summarization tool to help scholars reading their content fast along with a search tool that will find important contents and keep them in organized way. To summarize the contents of different articles a summarization tool is proposed in this work that generates extractive and abstractive summaries. Along with summarization a search engine also been proposed in this work that save the searched results in a comma-separated value (CSV) format including the search queries and meta information of articles such as keyword, title, author name, URL, year of publication, abstracts and summaries. These CSVs help users to get idea about article contents in offline mode without reading or searching the whole text. The efficiency of the summarizer tool is evaluated in terms of precision(pr), recall(re) and F-measure(F-m) of Rouge-1(R1), Rouge-2(R2), Rouge_sum(R_sum) and Bertscore(BS) measures for ten research articles. The average pr, re and F-m obtained from BS are 42%, 42% and 42% for extractive summarization and 41%, 41% and 41% for abstractive summarization. This tool will be helpful to research scholars in the collection of literature and the preparation of related work for their research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific research study focuses on the advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) driven by large-scale parallel corpora and presents a comprehensive methodology for creating a parallel, multilingual corpus using NLP techniques and semantic technologies, with a particular focus on washing machine manuals. The study highlights the significant progress made in NLP through the utilization of large-scale parallel corpora and advanced NLP techniques. The successful creation of a parallel, multilingual corpus for washing machine manuals, coupled with the integration of semantic technologies and ontology modeling, demonstrates the broad applicability and potential of NLP in diverse domains.The research covers various aspects, including text extraction, segmentation, and the development of specialized pipelines for question-answering, translation, and text summarization tailored for washing machine manuals. Translation experiments using fine-tuned models demonstrated the feasibility of providing washing machine manuals in local languages, expanding accessibility and understanding for users worldwide. Additionally, the study explored text summarization using a powerful transformer-based model, which exhibited remarkable proficiency in generating concise and coherent summaries from complex input texts. The implementation of a question-answering pipeline showcased the effectiveness of various language models in handling question-answering tasks with high accuracy and effectiveness.Additionally, the article discusses the processes of data collection, information preparation, ontology creation, alignment strategies, and text analytics. Furthermore, the study addresses the challenges and potential future developments in this field, offering insights into the promising applications of NLP in the context of washing machine manuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, it is challenging for people to extract crucial information due to the ongoing evolution of textual data on the internet as well as in online resources. Thus, only a procedure known as Text Summarization (TS) can be used to acquire the required information. Therefore, the most common and practical method of summary is known as extractive text summarization, which involves selecting the most pertinent sentences from the original text material. In a relatively short period of time, it can gather the most priceless information. In order to extract the phrases that serve as a document's summary, this study applies scoring-based optimisation models employing Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO), Butterfly Optimisation (BO), and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO). The model is simulated on the DUC 2006 dataset, and the TOPSIS approach is used to validate the results for various DUC documents. The PSO-based summarizer, however, performs noticeably better than the other two summarizers based on rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty of accurately summarising Assamese text content is a significant barrier in natural language processing (NLP). Manually summarising lengthy Assamese texts is time-consuming and labor-intensive. As a result, automatic text summarization has developed as a critical NLP study topic. In this study, we integrate the Transformer and Self-Attention approaches to develop an abstract text summarization model. This Transformer-based technique uses self-attention approaches to successfully manage co-reference concerns in Assamese text, enhancing overall system understanding. This proposed approach improves the efficiency of text summarization greatly. We exhaustively evaluated the model using the Assamese dataset (AD-50), which contains human-produced summaries, to assess its performance. When compared to current state-of-the-art baseline models, our model outperformed them. On the AD-50 dataset, for example, our suggested model obtained a low training loss of 0.0022 during 20 training epochs, as well as an amazing model accuracy of 47.15 percentage. This research marks a substantial advancement in the field of Assamese abstractive text summarization, with intriguing implications for practical applications in NLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of internet, a huge volume of opinionated sentiment reviews is generated on a daily basis. Normally, such reviews are enriched with deep sentiments and express the opinions on various features of a product or service under consideration. Identification of a set of important domain features opens an opportunity to build automatic product and service summarization system. It is observed that the common phenomena is to consider the frequently appearing words as the domainb features. However, not all frequently appearing words can be domain-specific features. In this paper, a novel Domain Feature Miner (DOMINER) approach is proposed for robust extractive summarization. The entire domain feature set mining problem is modelled as a clustering problem. Firstly, the bond energy based clustering technique is employed to cluster the domain features based on their frequency and co-appearance counts. Later, relevant clusters are extracted for the final set of domain feature set retrieval. The Proposed DOMINER scheme is extensively evaluated against quantitative performance metrics such as precision, recall, and F-score for six diversified domains such as Cellphone, Camera, Laptop, Tablet, Television, and Hotel. Experimental results on benchmark data sets reveal that proposed DOMINER scheme mines high quality of domain feature from unstructured reviews evident from precision, recall, and F-score values as 78.10%, 64.21%, and 70.48%, respectively against state of the art existing schemes. The high quality domain features extraction from DOMINER help generate the robust extractive summaries for product and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data augmentation entails artificially expanding the dataset's size by applying various transformations to the existing raw data. Enhancing the quality and quantity of the datasets with varying sizes by employing varieddata augmentation techniques has immense importance in the field on Natural Language Processing. Several notable applications for instance text classification, sentiment analysis, text summarization, etc. have proven to be benefitted immensely with the employment of text augmentation techniques. Hence, the paper focuses on efficient text classification using varied datasets of different sizes; small- 500 instances, medium-5564 instances and large-43934 instances.The work considers the standard DistilBERT model, a popular transformer-based language model and presents the impact on the performance of the modelafter employing different text augmentation techniques. The study specifically focuses on three augmentation methods: (a) Synonym augmentation:that involves replacing words with their synonyms to enhance vocabulary diversity and generalization, (b) Contextual word embeddings that enriches semantic understanding by leveraging pre-trained language models, and (c) Black translation that entails translating the text into a another different language and then translating it back, introducing variations in the data and capturing different linguistic patterns.Additionally,the work also discusses the combined effect of employing all three augmentation techniques simultaneously. Moreover, the study also aims compares the relation between the dataset sizes and the performance of the augmentation techniques. The study considers three standard datasets for the analysis and presents a comprehensive analysis using accuracy and F1 score as evaluation metrics. The results highlight the efficacy of each technique across small, medium, and large datasets, enabling a nuanced understanding of their benefits in different data scenarios. The findings indicate the varying degrees of improvement achieved through each augmentation technique.The enhancement achieved by applying text augmentation varied from around 2% on large datasets to 20% on smaller datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretrained models in abstractive summarization enable the summarization model to generate coherent summaries flexibly, but it also introduces unfactual hallucinations when generating novel words. To circumvent this drawback, we propose A Guided Tensor Product framework for abstractive Summarization (GTPSum). GTPSum utilizes highlighted sentence guidance signal and role embedding in the form of guided tensor product representations (GTPRs) to enhance the generation capacity for short document text. The guidance signal assists the model in focusing on crucial information, while the role embedding aids GTPSum in capturing the syntactic structure relationships present in the sentences. By employing this approach, the framework can not only focus on the essential information from the source document but also grasp the inherent sentence structure, resulting in generated summaries that closely align with the original content. The experimental results demonstrate the strong performance of our approach on the CNN/Daily Mail (44.28/20.88/41.08 ROUGE-1/-2/-L) and performed well on the other three datasets. Moreover, the comparison between our model generated summaries and those generated by the baseline models through human evaluation shows that our summaries contain more critical information, have better readability, and still maintain succinctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this digital era, there is a tremendous increase in the volume of data, which adds difficulties to the person who utilizes particular applications, such as websites, email, and news. Text summarization targets to reduce the complexity of obtaining statistics from the websites as it compresses the textual document to a short summary without affecting the relevant information. The crucial step in multi-document summarization is obtaining a relationship between the cross-sentence. However, the conventional methods fail to determine the inter-sentence relationship, especially in long documents. This research develops a graph-based neural network to attain an inter-sentence relationship. The significant step in the proposed multi-document text summarization model is forming the weighted graph embedding features. Furthermore, the weighted graph embedding features are utilized to evaluate the relationship between the document's words and sentences. Finally, the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) classifier is utilized to summarize the multi-document text summarization. The experimental analysis uses the three standard datasets, the Daily Mail dataset, Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2002, and Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2004 dataset. The experimental outcome demonstrates that the proposed weighted graph embedding feature + BiLSTM model exceeds all the conventional methods with Precision, Recall, and F1 score of 0.5352, 0.6296, and 0.5429, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have been widely adopted in various applications such as ma)chine translation, chatbots, text summarization, and so on. However, the use of LLMs has raised concerns about their potential safety and security risks. In this survey, we explore the safety implications of LLMs, including ethical considerations, hallucination, and prompt injection. We also discuss current research efforts to mitigate these risks and identify areas for future research. Our survey provides a comprehen)sive overview of the safety concerns related to LLMs, which can help researchers and practitioners in the NLP community develop more safe and ethical appli)cations of LLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]