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5. Primiparous sow behaviour on the day of farrowing as one of the primary contributors to the growth of piglets in early lactation.

Author

Girardie, Océane, Laloë, Denis, Bonneau, Mathieu, Billon, Yvon, Bailly, Jean, David, Ingrid, and Canario, Laurianne

Subjects
PIGLETS, LEAST squares, MULTIVARIATE analysis, SOWS, SWINE
Abstract

Large White and Meishan sows differ in maternal ability and early piglet growth. We investigated the relationships between 100 maternal traits, grouped into 11 blocks according to the biological function they describe and litter growth over three successive periods after birth (D0–D1, D1–D3 and D3–D7; D0 starting at the onset of farrowing), as a measure of sow investment in early piglet production. Within- and between-breed variation was exploited to cover a maximum of the variability existing in pig maternal populations. The objective was to quantify the contribution of maternal traits, including functional traits and behavioural traits, to early litter growth. Multivariate analyses were used to depict correlations among traits. A partial least square multiblock analysis allowed quantifying the effect of maternal traits on early growth traits. Partial triadic analyses highlighted how sow behaviour changed with days, and whether it resulted in changes in litter growth. Several behavioural traits (standing activity, reactivity to different stimuli, postural activity) and functional traits (body reserves, udder quality) at farrowing contributed substantially to litter growth from D0 to D7. Sow aggression towards piglets and time spent standing at D0 were unfavourably correlated to D1–D3 litter growth. Time spent lying with udder exposed at D0 was favourably correlated to D1–D3 litter growth. The farrowing duration was negatively correlated to D0–D1 and D1–D3 litter growth. Furthermore, D3–D7 litter growth was positively correlated to feed intake in the same period. Several behavioural traits and some functional traits influence early litter growth. The contribution of sow behaviour was greater in the critical period around farrowing than in later days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Driving gut microbiota enterotypes through host genetics.

Author

Larzul, Catherine, Estellé, Jordi, Borey, Marion, Blanc, Fany, Lemonnier, Gaëtan, Billon, Yvon, Thiam, Mamadou Gabou, Quinquis, Benoît, Galleron, Nathalie, Jardet, Deborah, Lecardonnel, Jérôme, Plaza Oñate, Florian, and Rogel-Gaillard, Claire

Subjects
GENETICS, ENTEROTYPES, ANIMAL species, POLYSACCHARIDES, PEPTIDES, DATABASES
Abstract

Background: Population stratification based on interindividual variability in gut microbiota composition has revealed the existence of several ecotypes named enterotypes in humans and various animal species. Enterotypes are often associated with environmental factors including diet, but knowledge of the role of host genetics remains scarce. Moreover, enterotypes harbor functionalities likely associated with varying abilities and susceptibilities of their host. Previously, we showed that under controlled conditions, 60-day-old pig populations consistently split into two enterotypes with either Prevotella and Mitsuokella (PM enterotype) or Ruminococcus and Treponema (RT enterotype) as keystone taxa. Here, our aim was to rely on pig as a model to study the influence of host genetics to assemble enterotypes, and to provide clues on enterotype functional differences and their links with growth traits. Results: We established two pig lines contrasted for abundances of the genera pairs specifying each enterotype at 60 days of age and assessed them for fecal microbiota composition and growth throughout three consecutive generations. Response to selection across three generations revealed, per line, an increase in the prevalence of the selected enterotype and in the average relative abundances of directly and indirectly selected bacterial genera. The PM enterotype was found less diverse than the RT enterotype but more efficient for piglet growth during the post-weaning period. Shotgun metagenomics revealed differentially abundant bacterial species between the two enterotypes. By using the KEGG Orthology database, we show that functions related to starch degradation and polysaccharide metabolism are enriched in the PM enterotype, whereas functions related to general nucleoside transport and peptide/nickel transport are enriched in the RT enterotype. Our results also suggest that the PM and RT enterotypes might differ in the metabolism of valine, leucin, and isoleucine, favoring their biosynthesis and degradation, respectively. Conclusion: We experimentally demonstrated that enterotypes are functional ecosystems that can be selected as a whole by exerting pressure on the host genetics. We also highlight that holobionts should be considered as units of selection in breeding programs. These results pave the way for a holistic use of host genetics, microbiota diversity, and enterotype functionalities to understand holobiont shaping and adaptation. 4B2VhAArUR-Phf8Fa7EFRX Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Sex and fetal genome influence gene expression in pig endometrium at the end of gestation.

Author

Bonnet, Agnes, Bluy, Lisa, Gress, Laure, Canario, Laurianne, Ravon, Laure, Sécula, Aurelie, Billon, Yvon, and Liaubet, Laurence

Abstract

Background: A fine balance of feto-maternal resource allocation is required to support pregnancy, which depends on interactions between maternal and fetal genetic potential, maternal nutrition and environment, endometrial and placental functions. In particular, some imprinted genes have a role in regulating maternal-fetal nutrient exchange, but few have been documented in the endometrium. The aim of this study is to describe the expression of 42 genes, with parental expression, in the endometrium comparing two extreme breeds: Large White (LW); Meishan (MS) with contrasting neonatal mortality and maturity at two days of gestation (D90-D110). We investigated their potential contribution to fetal maturation exploring genes-fetal phenotypes relationships. Last, we hypothesized that the fetal genome and sex influence their endometrial expression. For this purpose, pure and reciprocally crossbred fetuses were produced using LW and MS breeds. Thus, in the same uterus, endometrial samples were associated with its purebred or crossbred fetuses. Results: Among the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 DEGs were differentially regulated between the two days of gestation. More gestational changes were described in LW (11 DEGs) than in MS (2 DEGs). Nine DEGs were differentially regulated between the two extreme breeds, highlighting differences in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, nutrient transport and energy metabolism. We identified DEGs that showed high correlations with indicators of fetal maturation, such as ponderal index at D90 and fetal blood fructose level and placental weight at D110. We pointed out for the first time the influence of fetal sex and genome on endometrial expression at D90, highlighting AMPD3, CITED1 and H19 genes. We demonstrated that fetal sex affects the expression of five imprinted genes in LW endometrium. Fetal genome influenced the expression of four genes in LW endometrium but not in MS endometrium. Interestingly, both fetal sex and fetal genome interact to influence endometrial gene expression. Conclusions: These data provide evidence for some sexual dimorphism in the pregnant endometrium and for the contribution of the fetal genome to feto-maternal interactions at the end of gestation. They suggest that the paternal genome may contribute significantly to piglet survival, especially in crossbreeding production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Plasma 1H-NMR metabolic and amino acid profiles of newborn piglets from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake.

Author

Liaubet, Laurence, Guilmineau, Camille, Lefort, Gaëlle, Billon, Yvon, Reigner, Sébastien, Bailly, Jean, Marty-Gasset, Nathalie, Gress, Laure, Servien, Rémi, Bonnet, Agnès, Gilbert, Hélène, Vialaneix, Nathalie, and Quesnel, Hélène

Subjects
PIGLETS, AMINO acids, UREA, SWINE breeding, NEWBORN infants, ENERGY metabolism
Abstract

Together with environmental factors, physiological maturity at birth is a major determinant for neonatal survival and postnatal development in mammalian species. Maturity at birth is the outcome of complex mechanisms of intra-uterine development and maturation during the end of gestation. In pig production, piglet preweaning mortality averages 20% of the litter and thus, maturity is a major welfare and economic concern. Here, we used both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches to provide a deeper understanding of the maturity in a model of lines of pigs divergently selected on residual feed intake (RFI), previously shown to have contrasted signs of maturity at birth. Analyses were conducted on plasma metabolome of piglets at birth and integrated with other phenotypic characteristics associated to maturity. We confirmed proline and myo-inositol, previously described for their association with delayed growth, as potential markers of maturity. Urea cycle and energy metabolism were found more regulated in piglets from high and low RFI lines, respectively, suggesting a better thermoregulation ability for the low RFI (with higher feed efficiency) piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Transcriptomic and DNA methylation response to feed intake in the duodenum in high- and low- feed efficiency pig lines

Author

Devailly, Guillaume, Fêve, Katia, Saci, Safia, Sarry, Julien, Valière, Sophie, Bouchez, Olivier, Ravon, Laure, Billon, Yvon, Beaumont, Martin, Gilbert, Hélène, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (APAFIS#21107-2018120415595562 v10), and Devailly, Guillaume

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]
Abstract

International audience; Feed efficiency is a complex trait of interest in animal breeding to reduce environmental impact of livestock herding and the cost of animal feed. A divergent selection on feed efficiency was carried out in pigs for more than 10 generations at an INRAE experimental unit, establishing lines of relative high- and low-feed efficiency in large white pigs. The objective of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence in feed efficiency between the two pig lines in the duodenum. We focused on the duodenum because of its sensory role in the hunger satiety pathways.Duodenum mucosal samples were collected in post-weaning pigs from the two divergent lines either after a 12 h period of feed restriction, or with a 10 h period of feed restriction followed by a 2 h period of ad libitum feed access (n = 6 per group and per line). Transcritomes and methylomes were analysed by poly-A RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and by methylated DNA precipitation followed by sequencing (MeDP-seq), respectively. Transcriptomic reads were analysed with nf-core/rnaseq and limma-voom. MeDP-seq reads were analysed with nf-core/chipseq and the BayMeth method.A total of 962 genes were differentially expressed in the duodenum mucosa between the conditions (fasted vs fed), in contrast with 318 differentially expressed genes when comparing the divergent lines. The DNA methylome of the duodenum mucosa was unaffected by short term feed intake, but was distinct between the lines. More transcripts were affected by short term feed intake in the feed-efficient line than in the other line, including genes of the incretine secretion pathways involved in the production of GIP and GLP-1.Thus the duodenum transcriptomic response to short term feed intake was distinct in feed efficient and less efficient pig lines. These differences might in part be due to differences in DNA methylation profiles.

Published
2022

17. Additional file 1 of Microbiability and microbiome-wide association analyses of feed efficiency and performance traits in pigs

Author

Aliakbari, Amir, Zemb, Olivier, Cauquil, Laurent, Barilly, Céline, Billon, Yvon, and Gilbert, Hélène

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Average correlations between $${\widehat{\mathbf{m}}}_{\mathbf{p}}$$ m ^ p ( $$\widehat{\mathbf{m}}$$ m ^ using a partial dataset) and $${\widehat{\mathbf{m}}}_{\mathbf{w}}$$ m ^ w ( $$\widehat{\mathbf{m}}$$ m ^ using the whole dataset) for the CG design, and their SD as error bars. Figure S2. Average correlations between $${(\widehat{\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{m}})}_{\mathbf{p}}$$ ( a + m ^ ) p and $${(\widehat{\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{m}})}_{\mathbf{w}}$$ ( a + m ^ ) w for CG designs, and their SD as error bars. Figure S3. Results of microbiome wide association analyses using back solving of BLUP solutions between operational taxonomic units and residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG) and back fat thickness (BFT).

Published
2022
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18. Genetic relationships between feed efficiency and gut microbiome in pig lines selected for residual feed intake

Author

Aliakbari, Amir, Zemb, Olivier, Billon, Yvon, Barilly, Céline, Ahn, Ingrid, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Swine, gut microbiome, pigs, Original Articles, heritability, Animal Feed, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Eating, Feces, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Phenotype, feed efficiency, Animals, Original Article, genetic
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed to evaluate the genetic relationship between faecal microbial composition and five feed efficiency (FE) and production traits, residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BFT). A total of 588 samples from two experimental pig lines developed by divergent selection for RFI were sequenced for the 16 rRNA hypervariable V3-V4 region. The 75 genera with less than 20% zero values (97% of the counts) and two alpha-diversity indexes were analysed. Line comparison of the microbiota traits and estimations of heritability (h(2)) and genetic correlations (r(g)) were analysed. A non-metric multidimensional scaling showed line differences between genera. The alpha-diversity indexes were higher in the LRFI line than in the HRFI line (p < .01), with h(2) estimates of 0.19 +/- 0.08 (Shannon) and 0.12 +/- 0.06 (Simpson). Forty-eight genera had a significant h(2) (>0.125). The r(g) of the alpha-diversities indexes with production traits were negative. Some r(g) of genera belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae families significantly differed from zero (p < .05) with FE traits, RFI (3), DFI (7) and BFT (11). These results suggest that a sizable part of the variability of the gut microbial community is under genetic control and has genetic relationships with FE, including diversity indicators. It offers promising perspectives for selection for feed efficiency using gut microbiome composition in pigs.

Published
2021

19. Additional file 6 of Identification of genomic regions affecting production traits in pigs divergently selected for feed efficiency

Author

Delpuech, Emilie, Aliakbari, Amir, Labrune, Yann, Fève, Katia, Billon, Yvon, Gilbert, Hélène, and Riquet, Juliette

Abstract

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Manhattan plots for GWAS of RFI trait in global, HRFI line or LRFI line populations. The plot shows the − log10(p-values) for all SNPs in the analysis against their genomic position. Changes in color represent different chromosomes. The dashed line represents the threshold for genome wide significance (threshold of -log10(p-value) = 4.5).

Published
2021
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20. Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis

Author

Munyaka, Peris M., primary, Blanc, Fany, additional, Estellé, Jordi, additional, Lemonnier, Gaëtan, additional, Leplat, Jean-Jacques, additional, Rossignol, Marie-Noëlle, additional, Jardet, Déborah, additional, Plastow, Graham, additional, Billon, Yvon, additional, Willing, Benjamin P., additional, and Rogel-Gaillard, Claire, additional

Published
2020
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21. Searching for markers of immunocompetence in blood: application to vaccination against Influenza A virus in pigs

Author

Blanc, Fany, Estellé, Jordi, Lemonnier, Gaëtan, Leplat, Jean Jacques, Bouguyon, Edwige, Billon, Yvon, Bouchez, Olivier, Pinard - Van Der Laan, Marie-Hélène, Rogel Gaillard, Claire, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COMUE), Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 633184,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,SAPHIR(2015), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, reproductive and urinary physiology, humanities, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Searching for markers of immunocompetence in blood: application to vaccination against Influenza A virus in pigs . International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS)

Published
2019

22. Thermoregulation of piglets from two genetic lines divergent for residual feed intake

Author

Schmitt , Océane, Reigner, Sébastien, Bailly, Jean, Ravon, Laure, Billon, Yvon, Gress, Laure, Bluy, Lisa, Gilbert, Hélène, Bonnet, Agnes, Liaubet, Laurence, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and metaprogramme GISA SubPig

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], animal diseases, maturité, porcelet, thermorégulation, efficacité alimentaire, Autre (Sciences du Vivant)
Abstract

National audience; Hypothermia is a factor of piglet neonatal mortality. This study used Infra-Red Thermography (IRT) to assess thermoregulation abilities of piglets from two lines divergent for residual feed intake (RFI). Birth phenotypes (e.g. body weight, rectal temperature, physical measures, vitality test) were recorded from piglets selected for low RFI (more efficient; LRFI; n=34) or high RFI (less efficient; HRFI; n=28). The IRT images were taken at 8, 15, 30 and 60 min post-partum. Temperatures of the ear base and tip, and minimum, maximum and average temperatures of the back (i.e. shoulders to rumps) were extracted with Thermacam Researcher Pro 2.0 and analysed with linear mixed models. No difference in phenotypic data was detected between the two lines. All temperatures increased over time. Rectal temperature of piglets at birth was correlated with the initial temperature of the ear base and the maximum back temperature (0.36 and 0.35, respectively, P < 0.05). Overall, LRFI piglets, compared to HRFI piglets, had higher minimum (28.0 ± 0.2 °C vs 26.8 ± 0.2 °C, respectively, P < 0.001) and average (35.5 ± 0.2 °C vs 34.5 ± 0.1 °C, respectively, P < 0.001) back temperatures. Ear tip temperature decreased in HRFI piglets from 8 to 15 min post-partum, while it increased in LRFI piglets (-1.1 ± 0.4 °C vs 0.5 ± 0.5 °C, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, IRT allowed non-invasive assessment of piglets’ thermoregulation abilities. Piglets selected for low RFI seemed to have better thermoregulation abilities at birth.

Published
2019

23. Additional file 2: of Effects of divergent selection upon adrenocortical activity on immune traits in pig

Author

HervÊ, Julie, Terenina, Elena, HaurognÊ, Karine, Bacou, Elodie, Kulikova, Elizaveta, Allard, Marie, Billon, Yvon, Bach, Jean-Marie, MormèDe, Pierre, and Lieubeau, Blandine

Abstract

Table S1. Variableâ s contributions to the first two dimensions of the PCA. Variables that contributed to more than 10% to one axis are underlined. (PDF 35 kb)

Published
2019
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24. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets’ robustness to weaning: a modelling approach

Author

Revilla, Manuel, Friggens, Nicolas, Broudiscou, Laurent, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Blanc, Fany, Ravon, Laure, Mercat, M. J., Billon, Yvon, Rogel Gaillard, Claire, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Estellé, Jordi, Muñoz-Tamayo, Rafael, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut du porc and Alliance R&D, Institut du Porc, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut du Porc (IFIP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Diarrhea, perturbation, sevrage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Weight Gain, Models, Biological, SF1-1100, dynamic modelling, modelling, body weight, modèle mathématique, robustesse des animaux, Animals, resilience, modélisation, Swine Diseases, weaning, pigs, swine, sucking pig, Animal culture, Female, Physiology and Functional Biology, porcelet, mathematical model, Research Article, porc
Abstract

Lien vers la version preprint déposée sur Biorxiv.org https://prodinra.inra.fr/record/447811; Weaning is a critical transition phase in swine production in which piglets must cope with different stressors that may affect their health. During this period, the prophylactic use of antibiotics is still frequent to limit piglet morbidity, which raises both economic and public health concerns such as the appearance of antimicrobial-resistant microbes. With the interest of developing tools for assisting health and management decisions around weaning, it is key to provide robustness indexes that inform on the animals’ capacity to endure the challenges associated with weaning. This work aimed at developing a modelling approach for facilitating the quantification of piglet resilience to weaning. A total of 325 Large White pigs weaned at 28 days of age were monitored and further housed and fed conventionally during the post-weaning period without antibiotic administration. Body weight and diarrhoea scores were recorded before and after weaning, and blood was sampled at weaning and 1 week later for collecting haematological data. A dynamic model was constructed based on the Gompertz–Makeham law to describe live weight trajectories during the first 75 days after weaning, following the rationale that the animal response is partitioned in two time windows (a perturbation and a recovery window). Model calibration was performed for each animal. Our results show that the transition time between the two time windows, as well as the weight trajectories are characteristic for each individual. The model captured the weight dynamics of animals at different degrees of perturbation, with an average coefficient of determination of 0.99, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99. The utility of the model is that it provides biologically meaningful parameters that inform on the amplitude and length of perturbation, and the rate of animal recovery. Our rationale is that the dynamics of weight inform on the capability of the animal to cope with the weaning disturbance. Indeed, there were significant correlations between model parameters and individual diarrhoea scores and haematological traits. Overall, the parameters of our model can be useful for constructing weaning robustness indexes by using exclusively the growth curves. We foresee that this modelling approach will provide a step forward in the quantitative characterisation of robustness.

Published
2019

25. Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs

Author

Le Sciellour, Mathilde, Zemb, Olivier, Hochu, Isabelle, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Renaudeau, David, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), ANR-12-ADAP-0015, European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Animal biology, stress thermique, Pig, climat, Microbiota, Climate, Performance, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, swine, performance animale, Enterotype, Heat stress, population bactérienne, heat stress, microbiote, composition, Biologie animale, porc
Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs’ performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus-dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations.

Published
2019

26. Additional file 1: of Effects of divergent selection upon adrenocortical activity on immune traits in pig

Author

Hervé, Julie, Terenina, Elena, Haurogné, Karine, Bacou, Elodie, Kulikova, Elizaveta, Allard, Marie, Billon, Yvon, Bach, Jean-Marie, Mormède, Pierre, and Lieubeau, Blandine

Abstract

Figure S1. PCA variables’ correlogram. Correlations of each variable to the first two dimensions of the PCA are shown. CTL, CD8αhi cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (PDF 129 kb)

Published
2019
Full Text
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27. Genotype by environment interactions for performance and thermoregulation responses in growing pigs

Author

Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Riquet, Juliette, Rose, Roseline, Poullet, Nausicaa, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Renaudeau, David, Gilbert, Hélène, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR PigHeat, ANR-12-ADAP-0015, La Région Guadeloupe, and Europe : FEDER, FES, FEADER : Projet AgroEcodiv

Subjects
Male, thermoregulation, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genotype, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Body Weight, Animal Genetics and Genomics, Temperature, Bayes Theorem, Breeding, heat stress, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Phenotype, Animals, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Heat-Shock Response, Body Temperature Regulation, temperate
Abstract

International audience; Heat stress affects pig health, welfare, and production, and thus the economic viability of the pig sector in many countries. Breeding for heat tolerance is a complex issue, increasingly important due to climate change and the development of pig production in tropical areas. Characterizing genetic determinism of heat tolerance would help building selection schemes dedicated to high performance in tropical areas. The main objective of our study was to estimate the genetic parameters for production and thermoregulation traits in two highly related growing pig populations reared in temperate (TEMP) or tropical humid (TROP) environment. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. Phenotypic data were obtained on a total of 1,297 pigs using the same procedures in both environments, for body weight (BW, at weeks 11 and 23), daily feed intake (ADFI), backfat thickness (BFT, at weeks 19 and 23), cutaneous temperature (CT, at weeks 19 and 23), and rectal temperature (RT, at weeks 19, 21, and 23). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) were computed for the whole test period (11 to 23 wk). Criteria comparing the fits to the data revealed genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for most traits but not for FCR. The variance components were obtained using two different methods, a restricted maximum likelihood method and a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method, considering that traits are either similar or different in each environment. Regardless of the method, heritability estimates for production traits were moderate to high, except for FCR (lower than 0.18). Heritability estimates for RT were low to moderate, ranging from 0.04 to 0.34. The genetic correlations of each trait between environments generally differed from 1, except for FCR and ADG. For most thermoregulation traits, they also did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that the main genetic bases of heat tolerance may vary in different environment. Within environments, the unfavorable genetic correlations between production traits and RT suggest an antagonism between the ability to maintain inner temperature and the ability to increase ADFI and ADG. However, greater RT were also associated to leaner pigs and better feed efficiency. Nevertheless, due to large inaccuracies of these estimations, larger cohorts would be needed to decide about the best breeding schemes to choose for tropical pig production.

Published
2019

28. Immunome differences between porcine ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches revealed by global transcriptome sequencing of gut-associated lymphoid tissues

Author

Maroilley, Tatiana, Berri, Mustapha, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Esquerré, D., Chevaleyre, Claire, Melo, Sandrine, MEURENS, François, Coville, Jean-Luc, Leplat, Jean Jacques, Rau, Andrea, Bed'Hom, Bertrand, Vincent-Naulleau, Silvia, Mercat, Marie-José, Billon, Yvon, Lepage, Patricia, Rogel-Gaillard, Claire, Estellé, Jordi, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire (iRCM), Service de radiobiologie expérimentale et innovation technologiques (SREIT), Laboratoire de Radiologie et d'Etude du génome, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), DRF/IRCM/SREIT/LREG, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SUS-FLORA project (ANR-10-GENM-016) of the French National Agency and internal funds of INRA’s Animal Genetics Division, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Laboratoire de radiobiologie et d'étude du génome (LREG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA, ANR-10-GENM-0016,SUS_FLORA,Contribution du microbiote intestinal à l'homéostasie du système immunitaire chez le porc: approches génétiques et génomiques(2010), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
Male, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Lymphoid Tissue, Swine, T-Lymphocytes, education, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Peyer's Patches, Ileum, Exome Sequencing, Animals, Mesentery, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, B-Lymphocytes, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], lcsh:R, Cell Differentiation, Jejunum, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:Q, Female, Lymph Nodes, Transcriptome
Abstract

International audience; The epithelium of the intestinal mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) constitute an essential physical and immunological barrier against pathogens. In order to study the specificities of the GALT transcriptome in pigs, we compared the transcriptome profiles of jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches (PPs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and peripheral blood (PB) of four male piglets by RNA-Seq. We identified 1,103 differentially expressed (DE) genes between ileal PPs (IPPs) and jejunal PPs (JPPs), and six times more DE genes between PPs and MLNs. The master regulator genes FOXP3, GATA3, STAT4, TBX21 and RORC were less expressed in IPPs compared to JPPs, whereas the transcription factor BCL6 was found more expressed in IPPs. In comparison between IPPs and JPPs, our analyses revealed predominant differential expression related to the differentiation of T cells into Th1, Th2, Th17 and iTreg in JPPs. Our results were consistent with previous reports regarding a higher T/B cells ratio in JPPs compared to IPPs. We found antisense transcription for respectively 24%, 22% and 14% of the transcripts detected in MLNs, PPs and PB, and significant positive correlations between PB and GALT transcriptomes. Allele-specific expression analyses revealed both shared and tissue-specific cis-genetic control of gene expression.

Published
2018

29. Testicular development, sex hormones and boar taint in pig lines divergent for residual feed intake

Author

Prunier, Armelle, Billon, Yvon, Ruesche, Julien, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Gilbert, Hélène, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
boar taint, puberty, consommation alimentaire résiduelle, stéroïde, puberte, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], feed efficiency, steroid, efficience alimentaire, porc mâle entier, lignée divergente
Abstract

Improving feed efficiency and rearing entire male pigs are relevant strategies to reduce feed cost and environmental waste in pig production. The major constraint for rearing entire male pigs being boar taint, an experiment was performed to determine the consequences of a divergent selection on residual feed intake (RFI: low RFI = LRFI; high RFI = HRFI) on pubertal development and boar taint. Purebred French Large White male pigs from two divergent lines for RFI (9th generation of selection, n = 45 or 43 pigs/line from 33 litters) were reared in two batches (n = 19 to 24 pigs/line/batch). Blood samples were drawn at 15 and 166±1 days of age (mean±SD) and pigs were weighed. After slaughter at 167±1 days of age, a backfat sample was collected in the neck and the genital tract was removed for testis and epididymis weighing after tissue trimming. Percentages of testis and epididymis weight relatively to liveweight were calculated for statistical analyses. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using R, including line and batch as fixed effects and litter as a random effect. When necessary, a log transformation was applied before analysis and adjusted means were backcalculated. Before slaughter, LRFI pigs were lighter than HRFI pigs (100±2 vs 106±2 kg liveweight, P0.1). However, plasma oestradiol-17 before slaughter (9.0 vs 17.5 pg/ml), fat androstenone (0.22 vs 0.34 µg/g pure fat), testis (3.5 vs 4.4‰) and epidydimis (1.18 vs 1.62‰) relative weights were lower in HRFI than LRFI pigs (P

Published
2018

30. The effect of divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs on gene expression after ACTH, LPS and social stress challenges

Author

Terenina, Elena, Dugué, Claire, Kulikova, E., Bazovkina, Darya, Gress, Laure, Lefort, Gaëlle, Billon, Yvon, Larzul, Catherine, Mormède, Pierre, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI)

Subjects
pig, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], selection, genetic, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract

International audience; The effect of divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs on gene expression after ACTH, LPS and social stress challenges. E. Terenina1, C. Dugué1, E. Kulikova2, D. Bazovkina2, L. Gress1, G. Lefort1, Y. Billon3, C. Larzul1 & P. Mormede1 1 GenPhySE, INRA, INPT, ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France elena.mormede@inra.fr (Corresponding Author) 2 Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3 GenESI, INRA, Le Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France The objective of the present experiment is to analyze the expression of candidate genes related to HPA axis and stress in the third generation of selection of two lines of pigs divergently selected on the basis of plasma cortisol levels measured one hour after injection of ACTH. This test allows to objectify the activity level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a major neuroendocrine system of the stress response. The kinetics of the blood transcriptomic responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and social stress were measured at 4 time points (0, 1h, 4h, and 24h after the challenge). Our results suggest that the responses to these different challenges are not affected in the same way by HPA axis activity. We found 22 differentially expressed genes for the inflammatory stress, 2 genes specific to the response to ACTH injection and 12 genes for the social stress. The expression of studied candidate genes did not differ according to the line. Four genes (MEGF9, S100A9, CERS4 and PSAP) were found to be differentially expressed in the three tests and could therefore be used for the overall study of stress response. With the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, program ANR BIOADAPT, project SUSoSTRESS (ANR-12-ADAP-0008).

Published
2018

31. Divergent selection on adrenocortical activity in Large White pigs: study of responses to breeding challenges

Author

Mormède, Pierre, Terenina, Elena, Billon, Yvon, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Gress, Laure, Rémignon, Hervé, Manse, Hélène, Larzul, Catherine, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
pig, stress, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], selection, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], genetic
Abstract

International audience; This experiment had the objective to analyze responses to various breeding challenges in the third generation of selection of two lines of pigs genetically selected on the basis of plasma cortisol levels measured one hour after injection of ACTH. This test allows to objectify the activity level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a major neuroendocrine system of the stress response. The results presented here show that the post-weaning growth rate was significantly lower in the high line, although the two lines had the same overall growth rate throughout their productive lives. The effects of a prolonged exposure to high temperature (30°C) and of group mixing stress prior to slaughter did not differ between the lines. These results show that the responses to different challenges are not affected in the same way by the HPA axis activity. These results, together with production data, will allow to evaluate the relevance of this criterion of selection to increase the robustness of animals. With the financial support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, program ANR BIOADAPT, project SUSoSTRESS (ANR-12-ADAP-0008). Keywords: genetic selection, cortisol, stress, robustness, heat stress, weaning stress, mixing stress, pig.

Published
2018

32. Effect of heat stress on faecal microbiota composition in swine: preliminary results

Author

Le Sciellour, Mathilde, Hochu, Isabelle, Zemb, Olivier, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Renaudeau, David, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), ANR PIG_HEAT, European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
pig, heat stress, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], fecal microbiota, Autre (Sciences du Vivant)
Abstract

International audience; Gut microbiota plays a central role in health and nutrient digestion and would help the host for better coping with environmental perturbations. In tropical conditions or in temperate countries during Summer, elevated ambient temperatures can cause economic losses to the pig industry. During heat stress (HS), the reduction in voluntary feed intake is the main adaptation response for reducing heat production. This lower feed intake has subsequent negative effects on pig performance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between HS and gut microbiota composition. A better understanding of the microbiota response to HS could allow the selection for animals well adapted to HS. Genetically related pigs were raised under temperate or tropical farm conditions with mean thermal humidity indexes respectively 23 and 25.5 from 11 to 23 weeks of age. In temperate conditions, pigs were submitted to a 3-week HS challenge at 30 °C. Faecal samples were collected in all pigs at 23 weeks of age in both environments (n=1,200 samples) and at 26 weeks of age in the temperate environment (n=600). Therefore, it was possible to compare microbiota from pigs raised in a temperate environment, a tropical climate, and exposed to HS. Microbiota extracted from pigs under temperate and tropical climate had different compositions whereas pigs exposed to heat challenge or raised in tropical conditions tended to share a common microbiota. HS challenge drastically modified gut microbiota and the groups before and after the challenge could be predicted in a multilevel sparse partial least square discriminant analysis with 30 OTUs and a mean classification error rate of 14%. Our experiment suggests that microbiota can be used as biomarkers of HS exposition.

Published
2018

33. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets’ robustness to weaning: a modelling approach

Author

Revilla Sanchez, Manuel, Friggens, Nicolas Charles, Broudiscou, Laurent, Lemonnier, Gaetan, Blanc, Fany, Ravon, Laure, Mercat, Marie-Jose, Billon, Yvon, Rogel-Gaillard, Claire, Le Floc'h, Nathalie, Estelle Fabrellas, Jordi, and Muñoz-Tamayo, Rafael

Subjects
robustesse des animaux, sevrage, modelling, piglet, precision farming, resilience, robustness, weaning, porcelet, modélisation
Abstract

Weaning is a critical transition phase in swine production in which piglets must cope with different stressors that may affect their health. During this period, the prophylactic use of antibiotics is still frequent to limit piglet morbidity, which raises both economic and public health concerns such as the appearance of antimicrobial-resistant microbes. With the interest of developing tools for assisting health and management decisions around weaning, it is key to provide robustness indexes that inform on the animals capacity to endure the challenges associated to weaning. This work aimed at developing a modelling approach for facilitating the quantification of piglet resilience to weaning. We monitored 325 Large White pigs weaned at 28 days of age and further housed and fed conventionally during the post-weaning period without antibiotic administration. Body weight and diarrhoea scores were recorded before and after weaning, and blood was sampled at weaning and one week later for collecting haematological data. We constructed a dynamic model based on the Gompertz-Makeham law to describe live weight trajectories during the first 75 days after weaning following the rationale that the animal response is partitioned in two time windows (a perturbation and a recovery window). Model calibration was performed for each animal. Our results show that the transition time between the two time windows, as well as the weight trajectories are characteristic for each individual. The model captured the weight dynamics of animals at different degrees of perturbation, with an average coefficient of determination of 0.99, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99. The utility of the model is that it provides biological parameters that inform on the amplitude and length of perturbation, and the rate of animal recovery. Our rationale is that the dynamics of weight inform on the capability of the animal to cope with the weaning disturbance. Indeed, there were significant correlations between model parameters and individual diarrhoea scores and haematological traits. Overall, the parameters of our model can be useful for constructing weaning robustness indexes by using exclusively the growth curves. We foresee that this modelling approach will provide a step forward in the quantitative characterization of robustness.

Published
2018

34. Integrated analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data highlights late fetal muscle maturation process

Author

Voillet, Valentin, San Cristobal, Magali, Pere, Marie-Christine, Billon, Yvon, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, Lefaucheur, Louis, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Animal biology, muscle, maturation, Research, Gene Expression Profiling, transcriptomique, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Muscle Proteins, swine, Muscle Development, caractérisation moléculaire, Fetal Development, Fetus, proteomics, Biologie animale, fœtus amnion fetus yolk sac, Animals, fœtus, protéomique, porc, métabolisme musculaire
Abstract

In pigs, the perinatal period is the most critical time for survival. Piglet maturation, which occurs at the end of gestation, is an important determinant of early survival. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptation to extra-uterine life, e.g. motor function and thermoregulation. Progeny from two breeds with extreme neonatal mortality rates were analyzed at 90 and 110 days of gestation (dg). The Large White breed is a highly selected breed for lean growth and exhibits a high rate of neonatal mortality, whereas the Meishan breed is fatter and more robust and has a low neonatal mortality. Our aim was to identify molecular signatures underlying late fetal longissimus muscle development. First, integrated analysis was used to explore relationships between co-expression network models built from a proteomic data set (bi-dimensional electrophoresis) and biological phenotypes. Second, correlations with a transcriptomic data set (microarrays) were investigated to combine different layers of expression with a focus on transcriptional regulation. Muscle glycogen content and myosin heavy chain polymorphism were good descriptors of muscle maturity and were used for further data integration analysis. Using 89 identified unique proteins, network inference, correlation with biological phenotypes and functional enrichment revealed that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was a key determinant of neonatal muscle maturity. Some proteins, including ATP5A1 and CKMT2, were important nodes in the network related to muscle metabolism. Transcriptomic data suggest that overexpression of mitochondrial PCK2 was involved in the greater glycogen content of Meishan fetuses at 110 dg. GPD1, an enzyme involved in the mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, was overexpressed in Meishan. Thirty-one proteins exhibited a positive correlation between mRNA and protein levels in both extreme fetal genotypes, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Gene ontology enrichment and Ingenuity analyses identified PPARGC1A and ESR1 as possible transcriptional factors positively involved in late fetal muscle maturation.

Published
2018

35. Mise au point et validation d'un système embarqué pour mesurer l'activité posturale des truies allaitantes

Author

Canario, Laurianne, Labrune, Yann, Bompa, Jean-François, Billon, Yvon, Ravon, Laure, Reignier, Sébastien, Bailly, Jean, Ricard, Edmond, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, activité, accéléromètre, truie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract

National audience; The objective was to develop a tool to measure sow postural activity during lactation that is kept between fences in the farrowing crate. Several sensors, placed in a single metal box, were attached to the upper part of the back of sows with a custom-built belt that passes underneath the belly, just behind the front legs. For validation of the positions predicted from sensor data, sow behavior was recorded with use of a digital camera and video records were analyzed by a single observer. Prediction ability was tested with machine learning applied to random forests for the three-axis data provided by the sensors in the X, Y and Z dimensions. When comparing information provided by three sensors, i.e. two accelerometers (sensors A and B) and an application developed for a smartphone (sensor C), one sensor detected five positions more accurately than the other two. The error rate of prediction from 30% of the data was 2.1% with sensor A, 3.1% with sensor B, and 4.8% with sensor C. Additional trials focused on the ability of sensor A to distinguish among the five positions, using five sows. Statistical sensitivity was 0.94 and 0.95 for the right and left lateral positions, respectively; 0.79 for the ventral position; 0.75 for the standing position; but only 0.33 for the sitting position (because it represented only 4% of sows’ time budget). One single axis was sufficient to detect the two lateral positions. More work is necessary to better consider factors of variations among sows and optimize the sampling rate to detect the five positions accurately.

Published
2018

37. Responses of pigs divergently selected for cortisol response or feed efficiency to an ACTH challenge

Author

Gilbert, Hélène, Mormede, Elena, Louveau, Isabelle, Ruesche, Julien, Gress, Laure, Billon, Yvon, Mormède, Pierre, Larzul, Catherine, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
endocrine system, genetique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], efficacité alimentaire, Cortisol, swine, robustness, robustesse, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, porc
Abstract

Selection for feed efficiency can impair the animal’s ability to respond to stress. A key driver of this response is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which releases cortisol in response to stressors. Injection of a normalized dose of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to stimulate cortisol release by the adrenal cortex is a standardized method to evaluate the activity of the HPA axis independently of the animal’s perception of stress. It has been used to select during three generations a highCortisol line and a lowCortisol line, that had divergent cortisol levels 1 h after ACTH injection (H1, peak of the response). A trial was set up to compare the responses to ACTH of these two lines and those of two other lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI, measure of net feed efficiency) during nine generations. At 6 weeks of age, 48 pigs per line were tested. Blood samples were collected before and 1 (H1) and 4 h after injection (H4) when cortisol is expected to return to basal level. In the Cortisol lines, plasma cortisol was multiplied by 2 (P

Published
2017

38. Late Fetal Blood Transcriptomic Approach To Get Insight Into Biology Related To Birth Survival

Author

Liaubet, Laurence, Voillet, Valentin, Lippi, Yannick, Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Lascor, Christine, Billon, Yvon, San Cristobal, Magali, Canario, Laurianne, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-09-GENM-0005,PORCINET,Approche intégrée de la maturité des porcelets(2009), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - EIP (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and ANR-09-GENM-005 PORCINET

Subjects
pig, Pig, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Blood, Autre, blood, Fetal maturity, microarray, fetal maturity, Microarray, Génétique animale, Autre (Sciences du Vivant)
Abstract

In recent decades, improvement of prolificacy and body composition has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the mortality of piglets before weaning. The most critical period is the perinatal period, mostly during the first 24-48 hours following birth. The maturity of piglets, defined as the state of full development for survival at birth, is an important determinant of early mortality. The objective of our project is to take advantage of current knowledge about two pig breeds, Large White (LW) pigs selected for prolificacy and body composition and Meishan (MS) pigs being more robust. Maturity of several tissues and metabolite profiles of various fluids are analyzed on the fetuses (LW, MS and reciprocal F1) at day 90 or 110 of gestation (birth at day 114). Here we presented the transcriptomic analysis done on total blood samples (N=63). We did two different statistical analyses, a supervised one to reveal differential pathways for the interaction between gestational stages and genotypes and an unsupervised analysis (hclust and differential analyses) to identify potential predictors of a lesser maturity at birth. All p-values were adjusted with a Bonferroni correction < 1%. The 265 genes differential for the interaction (Bonferroni 1%) in blood samples revealed many genes for mitochondrial ATP synthesis, transcriptional regulation, and response to hypoxia (overexpressed in LW at day 110 of gestation).

Published
2017

39. An intestinal transcriptome analysis in fetal pigs reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of maturity at birth

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jégou, Maëva, San Cristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Rome, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Pere, Marie-Christine, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannuccelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Helene, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, Le Huërou-Luron, Isabelle, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sichuan Agricultural University, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biologie animale
Abstract

International audience; An intestinal transcriptome analysis in fetal pigs reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of maturity at birth. 50. Annual Meeting of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)

Published
2017

40. Additional file 8: Figure S2. of Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Marie-Christine Père, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

Box-plot representation of NR3C1 and TGFB2 expression in fetuses with different genotypes at 90 (d90) and 110 day (d110) of gestation. (PDF 120 kb)

Published
2017
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41. Réponse au sevrage de porcs de lignées divergentes pour l'efficacité alimentaire en fonction de l'aliment

Author

Gilbert, Hélène, Ruesche, Julien, Muller, Nelly, Billon, Yvon, Robert, Fabrice, Roger, Laurent, Montagne, Lucile, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centrale Coopérative de Productions Animales (CCPA)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, sevrage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], efficacité alimentaire, porc, génétique, aliment, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract

La sélection pour l’efficacité alimentaire peut affecter la capacité des porcs à répondre au stress. La réponse au sevrage a été étudiée dans deux lignées de porcs divergentes pour la consommation moyenne journalière résiduelle (CMJR). Un total de 132 porcs par lignée, placés en loges collectives, ont reçu en post-sevrage un régime conventionnel (deux phases) ou sécurisant (trois phases). Les poids vifs et diarrhées ont été enregistrés au sevrage (28 jours, J0), à J1, J2, J6, J12, J19, J26 et en fin de post-sevrage (J42). L’ingéré par loge a été enregistré. Aucun antibiotique n’a été distribué. Les porcs de la lignée à CMJR réduite (CMJR–, plus efficaces) étaient plus lourds au sevrage, avec moins de diarrhées à J1 et J2 que les porcelets de la lignée à CMJR haute (CMJR+) (P, Selecting for improved feed efficiency might impair the animal’s ability to face stresses. The response to weaning was studied in pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI) after weaning. A total of 132 pigs from each line, housed in conventional post-weaning units were fed either a conventional (two diets) or a protective (three diets) feed sequence during the post-weaning period. Body weight and diarrhea were recorded at weaning (D0; 28 days of age), D1, D2, D6, D12, D19, D26 and when exiting the post-weaning unit (D42, 10 weeks of age). Pen feed intake was recorded. No antibiotics were used. Pigs of the low RFI line (LRFI) were heavier at weaning, with lower levels of diarrhoea at D1 and D2 than pigs from the high RFI line (HRFI) (P

Published
2017

42. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Marie-Christine Père, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le

Subjects
embryonic structures, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract

Concentration of blood parameters from umbilical cord of purebred fetuses (LW or MS) and crossbred fetuses (LWMS and MSLW) at 90 and 110 days of gestation [68–71]. (PDF 351 kb)

Published
2017
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43. Additional file 2: Table S2. of Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Marie-Christine Père, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le

Abstract

Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR. PPIA, peptidylprolyl isomerase A; TBP, TATA box binding protein; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CIRBP, cold inducible RNA binding protein; FABP1, fatty acid binding protein 1; GBP1, guanylate binding protein 1; G6PC, Glucose 6 phosphatase; PPARGC1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. (PDF 160 kb)

Published
2017
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44. Interactions between sire family and production environment (temperate vs. tropical) on performance and thermoregulation responses in growing pigs

Author

Rose, Roseline, Gilbert, Hélène, Loyau, Thomas, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Riquet, Juliette, Renaudeau, David, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plateforme Tropicale d'Expérimentation sur l'Animal (PTEA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and French National Agency of Research ANR-12-ADAP-0015 / Department of Animal Genetics of INRA AO2012

Subjects
Male, thermoregulation, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Hot Temperature, Swine, Temperature, Animal Genetics and Genomics, tropical, Humidity, Environment, Animal Feed, heat stress, growing pig, Phenotype, Animals, environment interaction, Female, genetic, Body Temperature Regulation, temperate
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 climatic environments (temperate [TEMP] vs. tropical humid [TROP]) on production and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs. A backcross design involving Large White (LW; heat sensitive) and Creole (CR; heat tolerant) pigs was studied. The same 10 F-1 LW x CR boars were mated with related LW sows in each environment. A total of 1,298 backcross pigs (n = 634 pigs from 11 batches for the TEMP environment and n = 664 pigs from 12 batches for the TROP environment) were phenotyped on BW (every 15 d from wk 11 to 23 of age), voluntary feed intake (ADFI, from wk 11 to 23), backfat thickness (BFT; at wk 19 and 23), skin temperature (ST; at wk 19 and 23), and rectal temperature (RT; at wk 19, 21, and 23). The feed conversion ratio was computed for the whole test period (11 to 23 wk). The calculation of the temperature-humidity index showed an average difference of 2.4 degrees C between the TEMP and TROP environments. The ADG and ADFI were higher in the TEMP environment than in the TROP environment (834 vs. 754 g/d and 2.20 vs. 1.80 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.001). Body temperatures were higher in the TROP environment than in the TEMP environment (35.9 vs. 34.8 degrees C for ST and 39.5 vs. 39.3 degrees C for RT, respectively; P < 0.001). Most of the studied traits (i.e., BW, BFT, ADG, ADFI, and RT) were affected by sire family x environment interactions (P < 0.05), resulting in "robust" and "sensitive" families. Our results show a family dependency in the relationships between heat resistance and robustness, suggesting the possibility of finding genotypes with high production and low heat sensitivity. Further research is needed to confirm the genetic x environment interaction and to detect QTL related to heat tolerance.

Published
2017

45. Additional file 5: Figure S1. of Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Marie-Christine Père, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le

Subjects
endocrine system, embryonic structures
Abstract

PCA analysis of the additive model, the gestational age model and the fetal genotype model. (a) For the gestational age model, the PC1 explained 30.0% of the total variance and segregated data from fetuses according to their age. (b) For the genotype model, the data from purebred LW and MS fetuses were clearly separated along the PC1 (24.3%) while the data from crossbred fetuses segregated on the PC3 (10.5%). (c) The gestational age segregation was also clear cut in PC1 (24.4%) of the additive model, while the purebred fetuses segregated on PC2 (16.2%). (PDF 153 kb)

Published
2017
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46. Additional file 10: Figure S3. of Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

Yao, Ying, Voillet, Valentin, Jegou, Maeva, SanCristobal, Magali, Dou, Samir, Romé, Véronique, Lippi, Yannick, Billon, Yvon, Marie-Christine Père, Boudry, Gaëlle, Gress, Laure, Iannucelli, Nathalie, Mormède, Pierre, Quesnel, Hélène, Canario, Laurianne, Liaubet, Laurence, and Huërou-Luron, Isabelle Le

Subjects
body regions, nervous system, fungi
Abstract

Box-plot representation of the seven tested genes in qPCR compared to their microarray expression. (PDF 359 kb)

Published
2017
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47. Estimation of the effects of selection on French Large White sow and piglet performance during the suckling period

Author

Silalahi, Parsaoran, Tribout, Thierry, Billon, Yvon, Gogué, Jean-Marcel, Bidanel, Jean Pierre, Bogor Agricultural University - IPB (INDONESIA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Domaine expérimental Bourges-La Sapinière (BOURGES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Action innovante du Ministère de l'Agriculture, and Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI)

Subjects
Male, Swine, Colostrum, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stillbirth, Animals, Suckling, Eating, Random Allocation, Milk, fluids and secretions, Pregnancy, Animals, Birth Weight, Female, Semen Preservation
Abstract

Autre unité expérimentale impliquée : INRA, UE332 Domaine Expérimental de Bourges; The effects of 21 yr of selection were estimated for sow and piglet performance during the suckling period in a French Large White (LW) pig population using frozen semen. Two experimental groups (EXP = L77 and L98) were produced by inseminating LW sows with either stored frozen semen from 17 LW boars born in 1977 (EXP = L77) or with fresh semen from 23 LW boars born in 1998 (EXP = L98). Seventy-four L77 and 89 L98 randomly chosen females were mated to 15 L77 and 15 L98, respectively, randomly chosen boars for 6 successive parities. They produced 2,796 L77 progeny (G77) and 3,529 L98 progeny (G98) piglets including stillbirths. To disentangle direct and maternal effects on piglet growth, a 2 × 2 factorial design was set by cross-fostering half-litters across genetic groups the day after farrowing, resulting in mixed G77/G98 litters nursed by either L77 or L98 sows. Piglet traits investigated included individual weight at birth (IWB), at 21 d of age (IW21d), and at weaning at 4 wk of age (IWW) and ADG from birth to 21 d of age (ADG21d) and from birth to weaning (ADGBW) as well as probability of stillbirth, probability of mortality on the first day after farrowing and from d 2 to weaning. Sow traits analyzed included weight before farrowing and at weaning, feed intake, milk production, colostrum, and milk composition. The variability of performance across genetic groups and litters was also investigated. The data were analyzed using generalized (piglet mortality) or linear mixed models (other traits). Results showed an increase in IWB (+240 ± 72 g in 21 yr for IWB adjusted for total number born), and a negative maternal genetic trend was observed on piglet growth during the suckling period (e.g., +33 ± 13 g/d in 21 yr for ADG21d, that is, 14% of the mean), whereas direct genetic effects remained unchanged. Piglets from L98 litters also had a 40% larger probability of being stillborn and a 28% larger probability of dying on d 1 and had a more heterogeneous IWB (358 vs. 336 g; P < 0.001) and growth during the suckling period (60 vs. 56 g/d; P < 0.001). Sows from L77 and L98 experimental groups did not differ in weight, feed intake, colostrum, and milk composition. These results give evidence of negative correlated effects of selection for piglet traits related to robustness. These adverse effects are at least partly of maternal origin.

Published
2017

48. Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs,.

Author

Sciellour, Mathilde Le, Zemb, Olivier, Hochu, Isabelle, Riquet, Juliette, Gilbert, Hélène, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Gourdine, Jean-Luc, and Renaudeau, David

Subjects
SWINE, BODY temperature regulation, HEAT, SKIN temperature, DISCRIMINANT analysis, MICROBIAL diversity, BODY temperature
Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs' performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus -dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter – Sarcina – Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. Genotype by environment interactions for performance and thermoregulation responses in growing pigs,.

Author

Gourdine, Jean-Luc, Riquet, Juliette, Rosé, Roseline, Poullet, Nausicaa, Giorgi, Mario, Billon, Yvon, Renaudeau, David, and Gilbert, Hélène

Subjects
GENOTYPE-environment interaction, MARKOV chain Monte Carlo, MONTE Carlo method, SWINE breeding, BODY temperature regulation, MAXIMUM likelihood statistics, GENETIC determinism
Abstract

Heat stress affects pig health, welfare, and production, and thus the economic viability of the pig sector in many countries. Breeding for heat tolerance is a complex issue, increasingly important due to climate change and the development of pig production in tropical areas. Characterizing genetic determinism of heat tolerance would help building selection schemes dedicated to high performance in tropical areas. The main objective of our study was to estimate the genetic parameters for production and thermoregulation traits in two highly related growing pig populations reared in temperate (TEMP) or tropical humid (TROP) environment. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW , heat sensitive) and Creole (CR , heat tolerant) pigs. Phenotypic data were obtained on a total of 1,297 pigs using the same procedures in both environments, for body weight (BW, at weeks 11 and 23), daily feed intake (ADFI), backfat thickness (BFT , at weeks 19 and 23), cutaneous temperature (CT , at weeks 19 and 23), and rectal temperature (RT , at weeks 19, 21, and 23). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) were computed for the whole test period (11 to 23 wk). Criteria comparing the fits to the data revealed genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for most traits but not for FCR. The variance components were obtained using two different methods, a restricted maximum likelihood method and a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method, considering that traits are either similar or different in each environment. Regardless of the method, heritability estimates for production traits were moderate to high, except for FCR (lower than 0.18). Heritability estimates for RT were low to moderate, ranging from 0.04 to 0.34. The genetic correlations of each trait between environments generally differed from 1, except for FCR and ADG. For most thermoregulation traits, they also did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that the main genetic bases of heat tolerance may vary in different environment. Within environments, the unfavorable genetic correlations between production traits and RT suggest an antagonism between the ability to maintain inner temperature and the ability to increase ADFI and ADG. However, greater RT were also associated to leaner pigs and better feed efficiency. Nevertheless, due to large inaccuracies of these estimations, larger cohorts would be needed to decide about the best breeding schemes to choose for tropical pig production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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50. Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks

Author

Terenina, Elena, primary, Sautron, Valérie, additional, Ydier, Caroline, additional, Bazovkina, Darya, additional, Sevin-Pujol, Amélie, additional, Gress, Laure, additional, Lippi, Yannick, additional, Naylies, Claire, additional, Billon, Yvon, additional, Liaubet, Laurence, additional, Mormede, Pierre, additional, and Villa-Vialaneix, Nathalie, additional

Published
2017
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