Search

Introduction. The article considers entrepreneurial activity as satisfaction and further stimulation of consumer needs, and the concept of "Physical Culture" in its health-improving, recreational (restorative) aspects. The importance of integrating physical culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activities at the social level to promote the idea and ideals of sports, achievements and achievements in the field of Fkis is revealed. The development of sports entrepreneurship is promoted by the activities of modern mass media, the implementation of international sports relations between different countries, the organization and holding of the Olympic Games, Continental and World Championships. The integration of Physical Culture and recreation, sports and entrepreneurial types of entrepreneurial activity leads to significant transformations in the content and forms of management of specialists in the Fkis industry. It is determined that an important prerequisite for the integration of Physical Culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activity is the use of the results of careful understanding of methods, mechanisms, forms and methods of management, strategies and sources of legal and financial support for entrepreneurship, which emphasizes the objective need for high-quality training of specialists in Physical Culture and sports to entrepreneurship and actualizes the problem of developing their entrepreneurial competence.

Ample work in political communication showed that high-level politicians get more media attention than their lower ranking colleagues. With power comes media attention. More than hard work, charisma, or experience, it is the political function performed by politicians that is the crucial factor in explaining how much media attention they receive. But what about the opposite relationship: does media attention also generate power? In this paper, we examine the media path leading to power. Basically, two important career steps of politicians are assessed: becoming a party leader and becoming a minister; we test whether, compared to those who did not make a top career, the politicians who came to take these steps were more prominent in the media before they moved up and became elite politicians. We draw on the case of Belgium here and leverage on a longitudinal automated media content analysis (2000–2020) combined with a data set of 532 national/regional politicians and their careers. The study finds that media occurrences matters for being promoted to a top function in Belgium, more so for becoming a minister than for becoming a party leader. Furthermore, rejecting our initial idea based on political mediatization theories, the influence of media occurrence does not seem to increase through time for both functions.

Language management refers to state administrative regulations, policies, and activities on the language(s) use within educational, legal, and other public domains and to the scientific discipline which studies this phenomenon. We argue that during COVID-19 health emergency, the concept of language management might need revision as new topics and contexts have come to light within the discussion on language use amid the current pandemic. We explore key dimensions of this discussion representation in public communication, identify language-use related topics which have been mentioned in this discussion, study its levels and major actors. The texts from official sites of international organizations, national governments, public and non-profit social agencies, mass media were selected. The corpus of 238 sources with a total of 193478 words was subject to manual and computer-based thematic content coding and clustering. The results reveal language-use related topics within the information and discussion topics during the COVID-19, specify the levels at which the above topics discussed, outline those actors who initiate/take part/form the target audience within the discussion on language use during the COVID-19. The research also leads to the conclusion on the critical importance of such issues as the style of international and national leaderships addresses, production and timeliness of multilingual data on the pandemic, countermeasures against misinformation and anti-nation bias, development of protocols for the use of fact-based rational language. The mentioned items are considered as the key components of a language management framework for policy and actions which need a coordinated interagency response within local and global contexts during the COVID-19.

The article analyzes the main directions and forms of external open communications of the Soviet secret services at the second stage of their reorganization in the Gorbachev Era. It shows the general tendencies of the state security bodies’ implementation of the principle of openness. It highlights the peculiarities of “publicity and democratization” expansion in the operational and service activities of the USSR KGB in the Perestroika period. It is substantiated that in the second half of the 1980s in the USSR there was a transformation of the “repressive-communicative” system with a gradual transition from monologic communication to dialogic communication. At the same time, it is shown that the publicity of the Soviet secret services in this transitional period was influenced by both the specifics of their work and the prevailing propaganda model of communication in the USSR. It is emphasized that at that time the public contacts of the state security bodies with the population had a pronounced propaganda character.It is proven that the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR considered open communications as an important tool for influencing and manipulating public opinion. At the same time, they were provided through public (work with the media, creative unions, public organizations, meetings with employees of enterprises, institutions, organizations, etc.) and personal channels (consideration of applications and reception of citizens).Among the main areas of the communicative interaction of the Soviet secret services in Ukraine, the article deals with the following: public discrediting of national liberation movement members; popularization of state security bodies through mass media and creative unions, in particular the role of press groups in information and propaganda support of state security bodies; participation in rehabilitation processes; work with citizens’ appeals.The leading forms of such activities were as follow: meetings with labor collectives, roundtable discussions, thematic evenings, public meetings, organization of excursions to departmental rooms-museums; participation of representatives of state security bodies in public events; publications in the press, release of TV and radio programs, feature and documentary films dedicated to the Soviet secret services, organization of press conferences; conducting a personal reception of citizens, and correspondence based on the results of consideration of appeals., У статті проаналізовано основні напрями та форми зовнішніх відкритих комунікацій радянських спецслужб на другому етапі перебудови їхньої діяльності у горбачовський період. Продемонстровано загальні тенденції реалізації органами державної безпеки принципу відкритості та висвітлено ключові управлінські рішення щодо розширення «гласності та демократизації» в оперативно-службовій діяльності КДБ УРСР у роки перебудови. Обґрунтовано, що у другій половині 1980-х років у СРСР відбулася трансформація «репресивно-комунікативної» системи з поступовим переходом від моно- логічної комунікації до діалогічного спілкування. Водночас показано, що на публічність радянських спецслужб у цей перехідний період впливала як специфіка їхньої роботи, так і панівна в СРСР пропагандистська модель комунікації. Акцентовано, що у цей час гласні контакти органів держбезпеки з населенням мали яскраво виражений інформаційно-пропагандистський характер.Тож серед складових комунікативної взаємодії радянських спецслужб із громадськістю йдеться про: публічну дискредитацію учасників національно-визвольного руху; популяризацію органів держбезпеки через ЗМІ та творчі союзи; участь КДБ УРСР у реабілітаційних процесах; роботу зі зверненнями громадян.

It is often maintained that there is no one consistent mass media policy in Lithuania. There are, indeed, many mechanisms of state financial aid and support, and the allocation of funds itself is rather inconsistent and accidental. There is no data or information available as to how the strengths and weaknesses of the particular mechanisms created and aid/funding opportunities available are perceived by the target audience of such efforts – the staff of the editorial boards of the news outlets and the particular business owners. Having conducted a questionaire-based study and a series of in-depth structured interviews with selected typical representatives from the industry, here we delineate the perception: the editorial staff maintain that the most impactful mechanism of allocating state support for the press are direct payments, especially those distributed by the Lithuanian Media Support Foundation, though the principles regulating its decision-making should be amended so as to allow for more transparency. One should also ensure that whatever is being funded has a case for continuity, sustainability and long-term future in regard to its activities. Additionally, especially inasmuch as any allocation of funds is related to an attempt to ensure the long-term success of democratic governance, the funding is to be targeted at local news rather than national or international news. These findings are shown to be comparable to tendencies observed abroad.

In the world of virtual reality, it becomes quite difficult for the recipient of information to understand how much the image he uses, created in media reality, corresponds to the phenomenon of social reality, of which it is a reflection. The construction of media reality in the media is of particular interest for research in the field of sociology, cultural studies, psychology, linguistics, advertising, PR. The study of the genesis of media reality in the paradigm of mass media is the basis for identifying the main trends in the development of communication science. Of interest is the interdependence of the agenda and the means of influencing consumers of information used in the media. The relevance of the work is associated with the understanding that the construction of media reality turns into a media process. The allocation of priority information in the media stream becomes problematic: the consciousness of the recipient is significantly overloaded the individual does not have time to analyze the information received, but only gives him a superficial emotional assessment. The article analyses mass media materials that reflect the agenda and affect the construction of media reality. The practical significance of the study of the potential of mass media in the construction of media reality is to identify priority topics for the agenda of publications that affect the consumer of information content.

Introduction: Information Communication Technology (ICT) is the use of computers, mobile phones and internet to access, process, receive, send, and use various kinds of data and information. With the expansion of mobile phone users and availability of internet services, teenagers are now using ICT to create awareness and use contraceptives, an area considered to be the preserved of married couple. Purpose: The paper examines how the application of ICT by teenagers broken traditional and religious barriers to accessing and utilizing contraceptive information in the Sunyani East Municipality. Methodology: The research design was a mixed method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was teenagers between the ages of 11 and 19 years in Senior High and Junior High Schools. Out of 87 schools, 16 schools were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was 212 teenagers. Data was collected from the respondents, using interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions. The paper found that ICT is a major means of accessing, sharing and using information about contraceptives by the teenagers, information is hard to access because of societal perceptions, sociocultural and psycho-religious barriers. Findings: The paper found that ICT has impact on their perceptions, utilization or otherwise, because they now the effects of various kinds of contraceptives. Recommendation: The paper recommends that teenagers should be given proper ICT education to enable them use credible websites on the internet to get contraceptive information. Education should be intensified through the mass media, free lectures, radio and television discussions to augment the use of ICT to expand the number of teenagers using contraceptive.

Global informatization of a society becomes the reason for the introduction of media informational technologies in educational environment. One of the priority areas of an effective media education system development in Ukraine is to spread the practice of integrating media educational elements into the educational process as a conceptual basis for the development and education of a modern competitive media culture, media literate personality who is ready to study during lifetime, ready to choose a profession and appears as a national elite. The concept of introducing media education has been studied by foreign scientists: L. Masterman, R. Kybey. Among media education theorists in Russia there were A. Fedorov, I. Zhilavska, I. Fateeva and others. Ukrainian scientists (R. Babii, M. Dorosh, A. Volosheniuk, V. Ivanova, G. Dehtyareva, V. Litostanskii, G. Onkovich, L. Kulchytska, A. Lytvyn, N. Gabor, I. Chemerys) have been investigating the meaning, the content of media literacy and basic approaches to the definition of key media educational concepts. The subject of our study is the integration of media education in the lyceum. The purpose of the article is to consider the model of introduction of media education into the practice of Sloviansk pedagogical lyceum as a necessary component of educational process organization. The main purpose of the concept of introduction of media education is to provide a fundamentally new approach to the modernization of the educational environment of the lyceum, which involves the implementation of the following components – stages of integration of media education in the lyceum: stage I – the integration of the lyceum into a single informational and educational space; stage II – a comprehensive preparation of the subjects of educational process for safe and effective interaction with the modern media system; stage III – the development of tools for the formation of media culture and media literacy in accordance with age and individual peculiarities. The integration of media educational technologies in the condition of educational institution changes the educational environment at the level of building communications between all participants of the educational space. Integration is the process and the result of creating of something inextricably linked. Solving a number of problems in the context of media education will contribute to the effective development of Slaviansk pedagogical lyceum as a modern educational institution. Understanding the patterns of functioning of mass media technologies, ways of media influencing on people are essential components of a successful media education.

Framing as a concept and theoretical perspective is well established in the modern political package to construct meanings. The messages are encoded and the essence of the angle or perspective induced into the audience for a predictable outcome is the key feature of any of the framing perspectives. Framing in conflict focuses attention on factors beyond what had actually happened. All frames that are used in conflict reporting do not carry equal weightage. This is where frames are often used as tools of political manipulations and to create social mobilisations as prime agents of control over the public. Use of media for exposure and as an agent of a leading character to divert the conflict frames always head-on to seek media as a primary tool of rein. Perceived as a working platform for information, modern media power is often controlled and manipulated by the elite with fixed and constant frames more often in conflicts. The capacities of media as an incredible strength are thus used as a weapon of destruction as the media power declines and political manipulations increase. In the language of control and conflict, media capabilities perform in different criteria. The media by far, is the most important source of information on conflict and politics, and the combined control of these two sources as an influence on ‘public opinion’ is the focus of the paper. Framing as an absolute and relative influence of control in conflict reporting is the success of political communication. Categorising conflict frame under eight major categories-Intended Frame, Routine Frame, Indicative Frame, Identity Frame, Manipulative Frame, Motivational Frame, Peace Frame and Dispute Frame-the paper exemplifies different cases that can define the concept of media’s controlled conflict framing. These frames are embedded in our personal, social and institutional lives and reinforce to exercise prevailing beliefs. The contemporary importance of media frames as a governing power and identity creators aim to exploit the media in order to nurture political goals by restructuring the perceived politics and conflicts in the minds of people. The paper is also a prefatory alternation of conflict management where media can play an integral role as a manager. The peace and routine frames that are often less identified in modern reports can serve as substitutes to manage conflict-promoting harmony. Further, the secondary discussion revolves around the control of mass media over conflict reporting that helps formulate the public perception of political reality in different types of conflict frames. It contributes a wide range of possibilities for analysing different facets of the frames as a means of control for affecting a collective conscience, thereby creating national interest.

Objective: Media framing of nutrition policy issues has been said to play a critical role in influencing public and political support for these issues. We examined the coverage of nutrition policy issues in the Australian news media to determine the key frames and expert sources used by the media. Methods: News articles published in Australia between 2008 and 2018 were retrieved from key media databases. Content analysis was used to identify nutrition policy issues reported and expert sources used. Frames were identified using a theoretical framework. Results: Seven nutrition policy categories were identified. Expert sources included representatives from public health, food industry and politicians. Six dominant frames were identified: government responsibility, industry responsibility, societal frame, individual responsibility, parental responsibility and nanny state frame. Nutrition experts tended to use thematic frames while government and food industry sources used episodic frames to deflect responsibility onto individuals. Conclusions: Despite high media representation of thematic frames and government responsibility in addressing nutrition policy issues, limited regulatory policy action has occurred in Australia. Implications for public health: Further research is needed to better understand different frames and their effectiveness in influencing public and political opinion. Greater coherence amongst health advocates would be beneficial to ensure a collective, recognised voice on issues.

This research aims to show the problems that occur regarding the application of the new student admission system through the zoning system, the real impact and the implications of various constraints and problems from the application of the zoning system in acceptance of new students. This research is a literature research with data resources using previously study and information from trusted mass media. The results of the study explain that there are several problems that need to be resolved so that the application of the zoning system in the new student admissions policy can be carried out optimally. The problem is reducing the capacity of the achievement pathway, the condition of school accreditation is not evenly distributed, and many schools have inadequate classroom conditions. The impact of the implementation of the zoning system is that it makes it easier for students to attend school, equalizes the quality of schools, and creates perceptions of the limitations of school choices for students.

Introduction. The article examines the image of artificial intelligence in the media and its reflection in 2010s. Coverage of the fast development of technology in the mass media requires careful analysis and systematic monitoring due to not fully determined socio-ethical ideas about the place and role of artificial intelligence in human life. The paper attempts to study what media had about artificial intelligence in the second decade of the 21st century.Methodology and sources. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative studies of the texts of Russian and foreign media, semantic changes in the representation of artificial intelligence are analyzed. To collect empirical informa tion, we used the analysis of documents (reports and preparatory notes of UNESCO for the development of an ethical code of artificial intelligence), public opinion polls, content analysis of Russian and foreign media.Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, correlation between intensity of references to artificial intelligence on political and economic phenomena was noted. In particular, there is a connection with the growth of economic activity of investors in advanced technologies, the launch of innovative technologies in the sphere of consumption by large companies and the strategic programs of states.Conclusion. At the moment, artificial intelligence is seen as positive technology. Implementation of AI into social and professional spheres is irreversible. The negative consequences of the development of AI are considering as an unobvious hypothetical future. By the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the media discourse around AI expanded to such a state of uncertainty that it took action to establish an ethical framework for the development of technology.

Thispaper reviews two ways of media utilization:to provide regular entertainment programmes and news events;and to relay specific messages for the purpose of influencing attitudes and behaviour. Obstacles to the effective use of the media for attitude and behaviour change are outlined and communication and training activities in order to overcome these obstacles are recommended

The purpose of the article is an analysis of the current condition of formation and provision of cultural needs of modern humans. The methodology of the study is based on an interdisciplinary approach comprising analysis and synthesis, generalization, description. The scientific novelty of the results lies in the complex review of human cultural needs; the role of family, social and cultural institutes, and mass media is defined; the main problems influencing the cultural needs of modern Ukrainians are described. Conclusions. Modern people live in a fundamentally new society that requires deliberate satisfaction of needs. Cultural needs and the ways of their satisfaction, cultural products that a person consumes define its personality. The cultural needs of the 21st century should create striving for self-perfection and transformation of the world. The key role in the process is played by family, media, and social institutes. The governments should support the production and consumption of cultural products, providing wide access for their citizens and comprehensive satisfaction of their needs. Considering cultural products as intellectual achievements and at the same time, consumer products related to the market rules make it possible.

This study aims to analyze the presented attitude based on the choice of words in an editorial published by The Guardian on November 5th, 2020 entitled “The Guardian View on the New Lockdown: Fewer Promises, Better Performance Needed”. One of the most relevant discourses to be analyzed is editorial section of newspaper that is considered as the purest part of mass media reflected ideology, or in this case, political stance. This is a qualitative study using the method of Systemic Functional Language framework with the specification of interpersonal meaning especially appraisal analysis with 22 appraising items taken from the editorial as the sources of data. The findings show that The Guardian is more likely not standing on the same side as the government by giving more negative attitude than the positive ones in terms of affects, judgment, and appreciation. Getting involved in attitude analysis as a part of SFL is considered important in ELT process to help students use language appropriately started from small unit like word.

Purpose: A highly educated woman is viewed as rude, uncooperative and unable to manage house work. These perceptions are said to discourage some female and their parents from pursuing higher education in marginal areas. The general objective of the study was to establish advantage of adoption of Open Distance and e-Learning to increase access to female in higher education. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study recommends that is a need for pursuing policies and programs to develop Information and Communication Technology as well as Open and Distance Education to wide access to quality educational opportunities. There is general recognition of the potential for Open Distance and e-Learning to meet the needs of some groups of women. This study proposes the development of Information and Communication Technology and Open Distance and e-Learning policies to exploit the advantages of the mass media while at the same time putting in place the development of supportive electronic networks. Also, a strong national framework is required to support a national quality assurance network in order to guide student assessment systems at all levels of Open Distance and e-Learning. Recommendations: The study recommends that is a need for pursuing policies and programmes to develop Information and Communication Technology as well as Open and Distance Education to wide access to quality educational opportunities. There is general recognition of the potential for Open Distance and e-Learning to meet the needs of some groups of women. This study proposes the development of Information and Communication Technology and Open Distance and e-Learning policies to exploit the advantages of the mass media while at the same time putting in place the development of supportive electronic networks. Also, a strong national framework is required to support a national quality assurance network in order to guide student assessment systems at all levels of Open Distance and e-Learning

Introducción: las redes sociales se presentan como un escenario sobrecargado de información, tutoriales, recomendaciones, bromas, publicidad, noticias falsas, que no siempre alcanzan los estándares de calidad deseables en un espacio mediático. Aprender a manejarse en este entorno es imprescindible para mantener una ciudadanía crítica e informada, particularmente entre los más jóvenes. El presente trabajo indaga sobre la opinión en torno a los contenidos que circulan en las redes sociales y la credibilidad y confianza generada. Metodología: se lleva a cabo un estudio correlacional con una muestra de 935 participantes que fueron seleccionados mediante bola de nieve entre 18 y 25 años utilizando un cuestionario auto-cumplimentado. Realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio se identifican cuatro factores que valoran las redes sociales. Resultados y Discusión: los jóvenes más identificados con la visión polémica y carente de objetividad de las redes sociales muestran mayor nivel de confianza en las fuentes de información en internet y menos en las noticias que aparecen en el perfil. Compartir la visión de las redes como canal alternativo para seguir la actualidad se asocia con dar mayor confianza a los contenidos noticiosos de las redes sociales, a las recomendaciones de usuarios e influencers de las redes. Conclusiones: Los jóvenes tienen una visión de las implicaciones de las redes sociales que refleja varias de las problemáticas que han surgido en este espacio de interacción. La recomendación que se desprende del trabajo incide en mantener el acceso de forma crítica a los contenidos.

The profound cultural and communicational changes brought by internet and social media platforms in the last two decades have had major repercussion in the conceptualization of the world of information and many of its dynamics. In the last decade we have a conspicuous crescent amount of scientific literature focused on social media environments and, consequently, many new fields of application and research studies have spread. Social media platforms possess an accessible democratic nature that opens to everyone the territories once controlled by the mass media, official sources of political parties, organizations, and governmental institutions. In this article we will explore some of these peculiar dynamics and phenomena examining how social media have been involved by and have contributed to constructing the social imaginary and the conceptual frame of the current global pandemic caused by Coronavirus. We will also analyze the use of the war metaphor made by many politicians referring to COVID-19 in order to shape public understanding. We also aim to demonstrate that structural changes in communication, made possible by the digital dimension of social media together with the narrative-subjective approach to the facts have undermined the epistemological basis of truth as a realistic representation of the world. Keywords: communication, COVID-19, fake news, infodemic, post-truth

The research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of spreading opinions and beliefs through TV broadcasting. The scientific novelty of the research consists of the provisions on the need to amend the legislation on establishing the procedure for inspection and monitoring of television organizations by the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting. The author has studied legislative acts regulating the activity of mass media and works of scholars, where the peculiarities of the legal status of television organizations are covered. It has been stated that the constitutional right to free expression of one’s opinions and beliefs can be exercised through TV broadcasting. The legal basis for the activities of television organizations has been determined. The legal principles for the activities of journalists of television organizations have been clarified. Forms of disseminating one’s own views through television have been established. It has been emphasized that the creation of one’s own television organization by a citizen or a legal entity is the first way to spread opinions and beliefs. The participation of well-known politicians or public figures in television programs has been recognized as a separate form of disseminating the relevant concepts to a wide audience. At the same time, broadcasting an interview given by a well-known public or political figure to the TV channel’s journalists is an important method of disseminating the relevant information. Legal restrictions on the dissemination of certain information by television have been defined. It has been stated that the right to information may be limited by law in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public morality. The general characteristics of monitoring and supervisory powers of the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting have been provided. The author has formulated propositions for amending the current legislation regulating the activities of the National Council on Television and Radio Broadcasting.