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O glaucoma é uma neuropatia óptica, caracterizado pelo aumento da degeneração das células ganglionares da retina. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), cerca de 80 milhões de pessoas sofrem com esta condição ocular em todo o mundo. Por ser uma doença degenerativa, progressiva e irreversível, o glaucoma precisa de uma atenção redobrada, dando ao estudo presente maior relevância dentro da oftalmologia clínica. Esta revisão narrativa de literatura reuniu artigos das principais bases de dados com o objetivo de descrever sinais e sintomas associados ao glaucoma, fortalecendo a compreensão acerca de conceitos e disseminando conhecimento sobre este grave problema de saúde pública. Foi notado aqui quadros clínicos assintomáticos relacionados ao glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e de ângulo fechado crônico com progressiva formação de um campo visual tubular, perdendo-se visão periférica. Também se observou a presença de dor intensa ocular, aumento significativo de pressão intraocular, vermelhidão, alterações pupilares e olho pétreo como manifestações do glaucoma agudo. Outrossim, a tríade fotofobia, epífora e blefaroespasmo além de buftalmo foram notadas no glaucoma congênito.

As microplastics in the environment undergo aging due to diverse degradation mechanisms and pathways, their characteristics change over time. These modifications can have implications on their behavior in the Earth's systems, including on the interaction with biota and other substances. In some scenarios, such as in a wastewater treatment plant, microplastics coexist with other contaminants, with the potential further degradation of the microplastics during the treatment stages and the sorption of those co-occurring substances on their surface. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to assess the changes in the sorption capacity of LDPE – low-density polyethylene, PET – poly(ethylene terephthalate), and uPVC – unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) microplastic particles after undergoing different levels of aging. Ten substances were selected as sorbates, including pesticides and pharmaceutical substances. Trace concentrations of these substances were used during the sorption experiments conducted with four types of samples of each polymer: virgin, artificial ozone exposed, real rooftop weathering, and real rooftop weathering with addition of rainwater according to the precipitation pattern. The study also included the determination of one of the pesticides – pentachlorophenol – equilibrium isotherms, as this was the most sorbed substance on LDPE and PET. The results showed an increase in the sorption capacity of the substances studied, particularly on weathered LDPE and uPVC, and on ozone-aged PET. Different affinities were observed for the organic substances and polymers and were related to the modifications detected from the characterization of the virgin and aged microplastic particles. This study supports the theory that microplastics can be transport vectors for other contaminants, while also highlighting the importance of the aging degree on the sorption capacity of microplastic particles and the potential enhanced risk of pollutant-sorbed aged microplastics. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/426910/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

BACKGROUND An increasing amount of research has led to the positioning of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK/NDK) as key metabolic enzymes among all organisms. They contribute to the maintenance the intracellular di- and tri- phosphate nucleoside homeostasis, but they also are involved in widely diverse processes such as gene regulation, apoptosis, signal transduction and many other regulatory roles. OBJETIVE Examine in depth the NDPKs of trypanosomatid parasites responsible for devastating human diseases (e.g., Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp.) which deserve special attention. METHODS The earliest and latest advances in the topic were explored, focusing on trypanosomatid NDPK features, multifunctionality and suitability as molecular drug targets. FINDINGS Trypanosomatid NDPKs appear to play functions different from their host counterparts. Evidences indicate that they would perform key roles in the parasite metabolism such as nucleotide homeostasis, drug resistance, DNA damage responses and gene regulation, as well as host-parasite interactions, infection, virulence and immune evasion, placing them as attractive pharmacological targets. MAIN CONCLUSIONS NDPKs are very interesting multifunctional enzymes. In the present review, the potential of trypanosomatid NDPKs was highlighted, raising awareness of their value not only with respect to parasite biology but also as molecular targets.

Justification and Objective: In the state of Tocantins, an estimated 290 new cases of breast cancer are expected in 2020. Therefore, mammography is the main exam for the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of screening mammography in relation to that of diagnosis in view of the identification of predictive findings for breast cancer in Tocantins. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical research, with a quantitative approach, in which data were searched in the Cancer Information System for the years 2015 to 2019. Results: When statistical tests were applied, it was revealed that there was sufficient evidence at the time level of significance of 5% that there is an association between the results of screening mammograms and diagnoses and reports categorized by BI-RADS. There was a higher prevalence of mammograms reported as category zero. There were more malignancy findings in the diagnostic mammography group. Conclusions: From the present study, it can be seen how important screening mammography was in identifying changes (benign and malignant). Even so, there was a higher prevalence of predictors of malignancy on diagnostic mammography. It should be noted that screening and early diagnosis actions are necessary according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, as well as improving the system of reports, so that there is no compromise in the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. Justificación y objetivo: En el estado de Tocantins, se estima que hay 290 nuevos casos de cáncer de mama en 2020. Por lo tanto, la mamografía es el principal examen para el cribado y diagnóstico del cáncer de mama. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la proporción de mamografía de cribado en relación con la mamografía de diagnóstico en vista de la identificación de hallazgos que predicen el cáncer de mama en Tocantins. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación analítica descriptiva, con enfoque cuantitativo, en la que se realizó una búsqueda de datos en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer para los años 2015 a 2019.Resultados: Cuando se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas, se reveló que había suficiente Hay evidencia en el nivel de significancia temporal del 5% de que existe una asociación entre los resultados de las mamografías y los diagnósticos e informes categorizados por BI-RADS. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de mamografías notificadas como categoría cero. Hubo más hallazgos de malignidad en el grupo de mamografía diagnóstica Conclusiones: A partir del presente estudio, se puede ver cuán importante fue la mamografía de detección en la identificación de cambios (benignos y malignos). Aun así, hubo una mayor prevalencia de predictores de malignidad en la mamografía diagnóstica. Cabe destacar que las acciones de cribado y diagnóstico precoz son necesarias según las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud, así como mejorar el sistema de informes, para que no se comprometa la efectividad del cribado del cáncer de mama. Justificativa e Objetivo: No estado do Tocantins, estima-se 290 novos casos de câncer de mama em 2020. De modo que, a mamografia é o principal exame para o rastreio e diagnóstico do câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a proporção da mamografia de rastreio em relação à de diagnóstico frente a identificação de achados preditores do câncer de mama no Tocantins. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva analítica, com abordagem quantitativa, em que se realizou busca de dados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer referente aos anos 2015 a 2019. Resultados: Ao serem aplicados testes estatísticos revelou-se que houve evidência suficiente ao nível de significância de 5% de que há uma associação entre o resultado das mamografias rastreio e diagnósticas e laudos categorizados pelo BI-RADS. Houve maior prevalência de mamografias laudadas como categoria zero. Houveram mais achados de malignidade no grupo de mamografia diagnóstica. Conclusões: A partir do presente estudo pode-se perceber o quanto a mamografia de rastreio foi importante na identificação de alterações (benignas e malignas). Ainda assim, houve maior prevalência de preditivos de malignidade na mamografia de diagnóstico. Deve-se ressaltar que são necessárias ações de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce conforme as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, bem como aperfeiçoamento do sistema de laudos, para não haver comprometimento de efetividade do rastreio de câncer de mama.

Those data comprise magnetic data of the Serra das Éguas, Bahia/Brazil. The database format is *gdb, which is accessible by using Geosoft software

Este artículo tiene como objetivo la definición en términos generales del grupo poblacional que se conoce como la Generación Z, sus características, comportamientos, estilos de vida, gustos y demás factores que permitan tener un claro entendimiento de la misma. Por otro lado, se busca definir la relación de esta generación con las empresas que hacen parte de la economía y lo que se puede esperar de dicha relación. Este documento es una revisión teórica de diversos aspectos que permiten evaluar las puntualidades de la Generación Z, lo que esperan de las empresas y viceversa.

El tránsito del derecho internacional clásico al derecho internacional contemporáneo trajo consigo el establecimiento de organismos económicos y financieros internacionales que propiciaron un tiempo de paz, de estabilidad económica y de bienestar en el mundo. No obstante, con el paso del tiempo hubo un declive del denominado derecho internacional económico y, en consecuencia, de los fundamentos económicos de la paz, porque los poderosos intereses económicos privados, fundados en la racionalidad prevaleciente, despreciaron lo público y propiciaron un declive de la cooperación institucionalizada que, a su vez, generó un incremento desmesurado de las desigualdades entre los países porque el crecimiento, la rentabilidad y la eficiencia no pudieron conciliarse con los principios de solidaridad con los países en vías de desarrollo. La consecuencia más grave de estas asimetrías económicas que se profundizaron desde finales del siglo XX es que generaron inestabilidad política y guerras en los países más pobres y desiguales. The transition from classical international law to contemporary international law generated the establishment of international economic and financial institutions that created peace, financial stability and overall wellness in the world. International economic law, which acts as the financial foundation of peace, has seen a decline in its importance because powerful non-public groups have developed a systematic denigration of the public domain and public institutions. This resulted in a staggering growth in inequality between industrialized countries and developing countries because economic growth, financial gain, and cost saving measures were not able to be reconciled with solidarity for developing countries in need of financial aid. One of the gravest consequences of the financial inequality between countries that deepened during the twentieth century is the generation of political instability and war in those countries with the highest inequality.

Natural gas is an energy source among fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) with less impact on greenhouse gas emissions and can play an important role in the relevant energy matrix and to the transition to a low carbon economy. Natural gas can be obtained both from conventional and unconventional sources. The unconventional gas resources are found in unusual geological locations and therefore require special extraction technologies (such as fracking). Unconventional gas may be important to enhance the availability of natural gas and reducing prices, as it happened in North America. Other countries have been trying to replicate such success story like Argentina, China, UK, South Africa, Brazil, among others. However, the experience of large-scale exploitation of this energy source, notably in the usa, show potential environmental risks, which could be present in other unconventional developments as well.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia, Binge drinking (BD) is a consumption pattern characterized by an excessive alcohol intake over a short period of time, followed by abstinence. Specifically, BD is defined as the ingestion of 4 drinks in two hours for women (5 drinks for men), being a very common drinking pattern among adolescents and young people. One of the most experienced short-term consequences of BD is the hangover, which causes a series of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms when the blood alcohol concentration starts approaching zero. To explore if the hangover state may affect the attentional bias for alcohol-related cues, the event-related potentials (ERP) approach was employed during the performance of a visual novelty oddball task. Amplitudes of P2, N2/P3a and P3b components and behavioral performance (i.e., reaction times and percentage of correct responses) were analyzed in 11 participants, both during hangover and during a normal day without alcohol consumption. Results revealed that hangover had no effects at the behavioral level neither did increase the attentional bias for alcohol-related cues. Nevertheless, increased P2 and P3b amplitudes were observed during hangover, suggesting the recruitment of additional attentional resources to perform simple tasks., O binge drinking (BD) é um padrão de consumo caracterizado pela ingestão excessiva de álcool num curto período de tempo, seguido de abstinência. Especificamente, este padrão é definido como o consumo de 4 bebidas em duas horas para mulheres (5 bebidas para homens), sendo uma forma de consumo muito comum entre os jovens e adolescentes. Uma das consequências mais experienciadas a curto-prazo envolve a experiência da ressaca, que causa uma série de sintomas físicos e mentais desagradáveis quando o nível de concentração de álcool no sangue se aproxima de zero. Para explorar se a ressaca produz algum efeito no viés atencional para pistas relacionadas com o álcool, utilizou-se a metodologia dos potenciais evocados (ERPs) durante a realização de uma tarefa visual oddball com pistas relacionadas com o álcool. Assim, foram analisadas as amplitudes dos componentes P2, N2/P3a e P3b, bem como variáveis comportamentais (i.e., tempos de reação, percentagem de respostas corretas e percentagem de respostas incorretas) em 11 participantes, tanto num dia típico de ressaca como num dia normal sem consumo de álcool. Resultados não revelaram efeitos da ressaca a nível comportamental, nem aumentaram o viés atencional para pistas relacionadas com o álcool. No entanto, maiores amplitudes da P2 e da P3b foram observadas no momento de ressaca, sugerindo que causa o recrutamento adicional de recursos atencionais para realizar tarefas simples.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211020892 for Resistant hypertension: Prevalence and profile of patients followed in a university ambulatory by Ana Flávia Moura, José A Moura-Neto, Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues, Mariana O Miranda, Tulio Coelho Carvalho, Nathalia Pereira Paschoalin Carvalho, Edison Souza, José A Moura-Jr and Constança Margarida S Cruz in SAGE Open Medicine

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Informatics Engineering, Com os atuais avanços tecnológicos, cada vez mais informação está a ser digitalizada, resultando assim num aumento exponencial nos dados guardados em formato digital. Este crescimento sem precedentes tem levantado preocupações acerca do espaço e custo dos sistemas de armazenamento, criando uma necessidade de explorar mecanismos que visem mitigar este problema. Uma estratégia que se foca neste problema é a técnica conhecida por deduplicação, que se baseia no facto que dados idênticos estão a ser gerados e armazenados repetidamente, resultando assim num consumo desnecessário de espaço de armazenamento em disco. Deste modo, a deduplicação propõe uma análise dos dados armazenados e, subsequentemente, a eliminação de cópias redundantes, economizando espaço e custos de armazenamento. Serviços como DropBox e Google Drive aplicam essa estratégia, contudo, o processamento de dados que pertencem a vários utilizadores fomenta preocupações de privacidade e segurança, especialmente quando este é realizado em fornecedores de serviços de armazenamentos terceiros. A abordagem tradicional para resolver estes problemas é os utilizadores enviarem os seus dados já cifrados. Contudo, usar uma cifra probabilística implica que dados idênticos podem resultar em textos cifrados diferentes, o que torna impossível encontrar copias redundantes e, consequentemente, aplicar a deduplicação. Deste modo, propomos o S2Dedup, um sistema de deduplicação seguro que explora tecnologias emergentes de segurança assistida por hardware. Mais especificamente, a solução proposta recorre ao Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), de forma a permitir a deduplicação de dados entre utilizadores em infraestruturas de armazenamento de terceiros, sem descuidar da segurança e privacidade dos seus dados. Além disto, o S2Dedup foi projetado para oferecer suporte a vários esquemas de segurança, cada um oferecendo diferentes níveis de espaço poupado, desempenho e privacidade. Esta característica é fundamental para garantir a aplicabilidade do S2Dedup a uma gama ampla de sistemas com requisitos diferentes. Um protótipo do S2Dedup é implementado e avaliado com cargas de trabalho sintéticas e realistas, assim como comparado com as soluções alternativas de deduplicação seguras do estado da arte. Os resultados mostram que é possível implementar técnicas de segurança mais robustas e ao mesmo tempo manter bons resultados de desempenho e até mesmo alcançar, em alguns casos, uma melhoria na eficácia da deduplicação em comparação com as soluções do estado da arte., With the current advancements in computer technologies, more and more information is being digitized, resulting in an exponential increase of digital data. This unprecedented growth raises concerns about the space and cost of data storage, creating the need to explore mechanisms that strive to mitigate this ever-increasing data problem. A strategy that addresses this issue is the technique known as deduplication, which lever ages from the fact that identical data is being generated and stored repeatedly, consuming unnecessary storage space. Therefore, deduplication proposes an analysis of the stored data and subsequently the elimination of redundant copies, thus saving storage space and costs. Services like DropBox and Google Drive support deduplication, however, eliminating redundant information across data belonging to multiple users raises privacy and security concerns, specially when this is done at third-party untrusted infrastructures. The con ventional approach to ensure data privacy is for the users to outsource their data in an encrypted format. However, using standard probabilistic encryption implies that identical data will result in different ciphertexts, which makes it impossible to find redundant copies, and consequently apply deduplication. Therefore we propose S2Dedup, a secure deduplication system that explores emergent hardware-assisted security technologies. In more detail, the proposed solution leverages Intel Software Guard Extensions to enable cross-user privacy-preserving deduplication at third-party storage infrastructures. Furthermore, S2Dedup is designed to support multiple security schemes, each providing different trade-offs in terms of deduplication space savings, storage performance, and privacy. Such feature is key to improve S2Dedup’s applicability to a wider range of applications with different requirements. A prototype of S2Dedup is implemented and evaluated with both synthetic and realistic workloads whilst being compared to the state of the art secure deduplication solutions. The results show that it is possible to implement more robust security techniques, while maintaining overall interesting performance results and even achieve, in some cases, an improvement of deduplication effectiveness when compared to the state of the art solutions.

Submitted by Mariana Davanzo Miranda (mariana.davanzo@unesp.br) on 2021-04-14T18:39:03Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Mariana_Davanzo_Dissertação_Mestrado.pdf: 1585820 bytes, checksum: 53a3369dc04e25e4361f8e146c8a2fdc (MD5) Mariana_Davanzo_Dissertação_Mestrado.pdf: 1585820 bytes, checksum: 53a3369dc04e25e4361f8e146c8a2fdc (MD5) Mariana_Davanzo_Dissertação_Mestrado.pdf: 1585820 bytes, checksum: 53a3369dc04e25e4361f8e146c8a2fdc (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2021-04-14T20:07:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_md_me_jabo_par.pdf: 1251488 bytes, checksum: 30d389e585de963c65cc4464d08c6baf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-14T20:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_md_me_jabo_par.pdf: 1251488 bytes, checksum: 30d389e585de963c65cc4464d08c6baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-11-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A análise completa do gene 16S rRNA de alguns isolados bacterianos não esporulantes do solo nos levou a uma confiável classificação taxonômica, permitindo explorar seu potencial entomopatogênico contra inseto-praga Spodoptera frugiperda (lagarta-do-cartucho). Muitos estudos mostraram o rápido desenvolvimento de resistência da S. frugiperda em relação aos métodos que vem sendo utilizados nas últimas décadas. Sendo assim, torna-se importante novas pesquisas que explorem o potencial de novos isolados do solo. Com isso, um estudo comparativo entre a classificação completa e parcial, previamente determinada, do gene 16S rRNA foi a base para realizar bioensaios comparativos com bactérias esporulantes, do tipo Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), e o produto Dipel®. Os resultados mostraram que não existem diferenças significativas utilizando esses isolados bacterianos, pois em todos os bioensaios as lagartas se desenvolveram normalmente até a fase adulta, demonstrando a forte resistência da lagarta-do-cartucho. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com demais autores que citam essa resistência, associada a um alelo de resistência presente nos membros da Ordem Lepidoptera. De acordo com os resultados, novas pesquisas devem ser feitas com novos isolados bacterianos a fim de descobrir seu potencial para controlar S. frugiperda, auxiliando assim o B. thuringiensis no controle das pragas. A complete analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of some non-sporulating bacterials in the soil led to a reliable taxonomic classification, allowing to explore its entomopathogenic potential against insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda (cartridge caterpillar). Many studies show the rapid development of resistance of S. frugiperda in relation to the methods that have been used in recent decades. Therefore, new research that explores the potential for new soil gains becomes important. Thus, a comparative study between a complete and partial classification, provided, of the 16S rRNA gene was a basis for carrying out comparative bioassays with sporulating bacteria, type Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and the product Dipel®. The possible results are that there are no relevant differences using these bacterials, because in all bioassays as caterpillars they normally developed until adulthood, demonstrating a strong resistance of the caterpillar. The collected data were compared with other authors who cite this resistance, associated with a resistance allele present in the members of the Order Lepidoptera. According to the results, further research must be done with new bacterials in order to discover their potential to control S. frugiperda, thus assisting B. thuringiensis in pest control. CAPES: 001

This paper presents an eye tracking study on the reading process of high school students while answering questions from the Enem-2017 Spanish Language Test. The research was aimed at identifying reading strategies and sources of difficulty of two groups of participants when taking the test. Group A (GA) had more previous study time in the Spanish Language and group B (GB) had less previous study time. The analyses considered eye movements (monitored during the task), accuracy and time of performance. Eye tracking data demonstrated that in both groups the preferred reading path is from the text to the multiple-choice alternatives and that textual complexity seems to affect the number and duration of fixations. There was a significant difference between the two groups, with more hits for GA than for GB. Therefore, the time devoted to studying the language seems to affect the performance of the participants in the reading comprehension. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de rastreamento ocular sobre o processo de leitura de alunos do ensino médio na realização de provas de espanhol do Enem-2017. O objetivo foi identificar estratégias de leitura e dificuldades na realização da prova por dois grupos de participantes: um com mais (GA) e outro com menos (GB) tempo de estudo dessa língua. Foram analisados os registros dos movimentos oculares, a acurácia e o tempo de realização da tarefa. Dados do rastreamento mostraram que, nos dois grupos, a rota preferida de leitura é do texto às alternativas e que extensão e grau de complexidade textual parecem afetar o número e a duração das fixações. Os dois grupos diferiram de forma significativa quanto ao total de acertos nas questões, com melhor resultado obtido pelo GA. Portanto, o tempo de estudo da língua parece afetar o desempenho dos participantes no que diz respeito à compreensão textual.

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Introduction: Intrauterine exposure to abuse substances is a growing public health problem, with opiates being the most frequent cause of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence, compare national practices of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of newborns with chronic fetal opiate exposure. Material and methods: Anonymous online questionnaire was sent to 43 public neonatology units of Portugal. A descriptive and statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: 21 units replied, 11/52.4% of differentiated perinatal support. From 32,212 newborns, 39/1.2 per 1000 were exposed to opiates, 29/74.4% of these required pharmacological therapy. Nine units have their own protocol; the remainder follow the clinical consensus "Newborns of mother with substance abuse" of the Portuguese Society of Neonatology. Rooming-in is never practiced in 2 units versus in 2 it is allowed with pharmacological therapy. Minimum age for discharge ranged from 3 to 10 days for infants at risk of NAS. Finnegan's Scale, whether or not associated with clinical criteria, is used by all units for the decision to treat or discontinue therapy. Opiates and phenobarbital were the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of NAS and seizures, respectively. Two units allow outpatient therapy (weaning of phenobarbital). Breastfeeding is allowed in newborns exposed to various abuse substances in 3 units. Seven units have no follow-up plan established after discharge. Discussion and conclusion: The heterogeneity in the approach to NAS is more marked in the use of rooming-in, age for discharge and follow-up plan. Study limited by low response rate (48.8%)., Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 51 No. 2 (2020)

Background: Crystal violet (CV) was used for several years in blood banks to eliminate the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in endemic areas in order to prevent transfusion-transmitted Chagas disease. One mechanism of action described for CV involves inhibition of proline uptake. In T. cruzi, proline is essential for host cell infection and intracellular differentiation among other processes, and can be obtained through the proline permease TcAAAP069. Methodology/Principal findings: CV inhibited proline transporter TcAAAP069 and parasites overexpressing this permease were 47-fold more sensitive to this compound than control parasites. Using CV as reference molecule, loratadine, cyproheptadine, olanzapine and clofazimine were identified as structurally related compounds to CV (structural analogues) by in silico drug repurposing through a similarity-based virtual screening protocol. All these already-approved drugs for clinical use inhibited TcAAAP069 activity with different efficacies and also presented trypanocidal action in epimastigotes, trypomastigotes and amastigotes of the Y, CL Brener and Dm28c T. cruzi strains. Finally, a synergistic effect between benznidazole and the CV chemical analogues was evidenced by combination and dose-reduction indexes values in epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of the Y strain. Conclusions/Significance: Loratadine, cyproheptadine and clofazimine inhibit TcAAAP069 proline transporter and also present trypanocidal effect against all T. cruzi life stages in strains from three different DTUs. These CV structural analogues could be a starting point to design therapeutic alternatives to treat Chagas disease by finding new indications for old drugs. This approach, called drug repurposing is a recommended strategy by the World Health Organization to treat neglected diseases, like Chagas disease, and combination therapy may improve the possibility of success of repositioned drugs. Fil: Martínez Sayé, Melisa Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Gauna, Lucrecia Antonella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Valera Vera, Edward Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Reigada, Chantal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Miranda, Mariana Reneé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Pereira, Claudio Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina