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Objectives: Faculty development is essential for academic emergency physicians to maintain clinical skills and succeed in administrative and leadership roles and for career advancement and satisfaction. Faculty developers in emergency medicine (EM) may struggle to find shared resources to guide faculty development efforts in a way that builds on existing knowledge. We aimed to review the EM‐specific faculty development literature since 2000 and come to a consensus about the most useful for EM faculty developers. Methods: A database search was conducted on the topic of faculty development in EM from 2000 to 2020. After identifying relevant articles, we performed a modified Delphi process in three rounds, using a team of educators with a range of experiences with faculty development and education research, to identify articles that would be most useful to a broad audience of faculty developers. Results: We identified 287 potentially relevant articles on the topic of EM faculty development, 244 from the initial literature search, 42 from manual review of the references of the papers meeting inclusion criteria, and one by our study group's recommendation. Thirty‐six papers met final inclusion criteria and underwent full‐text review by our team. The Delphi process yielded six articles that were deemed most highly relevant over the three rounds. Each of these articles is described here, along with summaries and implications for faculty developers. Conclusions: We present the most useful EM papers from the past two decades for faculty developers seeking to develop, implement, or revise faculty development interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight fungal strains (F1–F8) isolate from the sediment core and degraded wood of the Pulp and Paper Mill effluent and Phanerochaete chrysosporium are tested for different cellulolytic (CMcase, FPase, Xylanases) and lignolytic (lignin peroxidase) enzyme activity in pulp. F‐3 (Cryptococcus neoformans) strain shows higher enzyme activity compare to other fungi isolated from effluent. Weight loss, cellulose loss, and organic carbon contents are found maximum in F‐3 (C. neoformans) strain. Reducing sugar, protein content, and color removing potential are also higher in C. neoformans. The culture extract of F‐3 strain grows in presence of pulp fractionated into five protein fractions has indicated two fractions of molecular weight, 38,000 and 40,000 Da, having lignin peroxidase activity. Lignin peroxidase has optimum activity at pH 2–3 and temperature 20–30 °C, maximum activity at 6–48 mM veratryl alcohol concentration and 256 mM H2O2, however, sodium azide inhibits the enzyme activity. Different metals (CoCl2, HgSO4, CaCl2, SnCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4) also affect the lignin peroxidase activity. Characterization study is performed for significant analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to investigate the healing rates, the restoration of hearing, and the time for complete healing of paper patching versus watchful waiting for traumatic tympanic membrane perforations (TTMPs)., Study Design: Systematic review with meta analysis., Methods: Publications were selected by a search on "PubMed," "Embase," and "Web of Science." A meta-analysis of risk ratios for paper patching (intervention arm) and watchful waiting (control arm) was performed., Results: Five studies describing 393 TTMPs were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. TTMP healing rates ranged between 84.2% and 95.2% in the intervention arm and between 76.7% and 84.8% in the control arm. The pooled risk ratio of healed TTMPs was significantly higher in the intervention arm than in the control arm (risk ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.21)., Conclusions: TTMPs have high healing potential with and without intervention. The healing rate of paper patching was superior to that of watchful waiting alone., Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 131:2091-2097, 2021., (© 2021 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc..)

Introduction: A positive childbirth experience promotes women's health, both during and beyond the perinatal period. Understanding what constitutes a positive childbirth experience is thus critical to providing high-quality maternity care. Currently, there is no clear, inclusive, woman-centered definition of a positive childbirth experience to guide practice, education, and research., Aim: To formulate an inclusive woman-centered definition of a positive childbirth experience., Methods: A six-step process was undertaken: (a) Key concepts associated with a positive childbirth were derived from a rapid literature review; (b) The key concepts were used by interdisciplinary experts in the author group to create a draft definition; (c) The draft definition was presented to clinicians and researchers during a European research meeting on perinatal mental health; (d) The authors integrated the expert feedback to refine the working definition; (e) A revised definition was shared with women from consumer groups in six countries to confirm its face validity; and (f) A final definition was formulated based on the women's feedback (n = 42)., Results: The following definition was formulated: "A positive childbirth experience refers to a woman's experience of interactions and events directly related to childbirth that made her feel supported, in control, safe, and respected; a positive childbirth can make women feel joy, confident, and/or accomplished and may have short and/or long-term positive impacts on a woman's psychosocial well-being.", Conclusions: This inclusive, woman-centered definition highlights the importance of provider interactions for facilitating a positive childbirth experience. Feeling supported and having a sense of control, safety, and respect are central tenets. This definition could help to identify and validate positive childbirth experience(s), and to inform practice, education, research, advocacy, and policy-making., (© 2022 The Authors. Birth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This article is a guest editorial for the IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation journal, focusing on selected papers from the RADAR 2022 conference held in Edinburgh, UK. The conference provided an opportunity for radar specialists from 22 countries to explore the latest developments in radar systems. Key topics discussed at the conference included new radar trends, target detection (with a focus on drones), low-frequency radar, and cognitive radar. The special issue contains 17 papers based on extended work presented at the conference, covering topics such as multistatic radar, passive radar, target signatures, and advanced radar processing techniques. The authors hope that this special issue will serve as a valuable resource for further research in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Paper has attracted considerable interest as a promising pressure‐sensing element owing to its foldability/bendability and deformability due to its high porosity. However, paper‐based tactile sensors reported hitherto cannot achieve high sensitivity and a wide sensing range simultaneously. In this study, a resistive tactile sensor using carbon nanotube‐ and silver nanoparticle‐printed mulberry paper as a pressure‐sensing element and electrodes, respectively, is developed. The rough surface and high inner porosity of mulberry paper induce a significant change in the contact area when a multilayer‐stacked structure is used, resulting in increased sensitivity to pressure. Moreover, the enhanced mechanical robustness of mulberry paper originating from the highly bonded network of long and thick fibers affords a wide pressure‐sensing range. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity exceeding 1 kPa−1 in an applied pressure range of 0.05–900 kPa; this achievement has not been reported among paper‐based tactile sensors. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a fast response/relaxation time, low detection limit, high resolution, high durability, and high flexibility. The advantages of the sensor afford several applications, including a crosstalk‐free pressure sensor array, a three‐axis pressure sensor, and wearable devices for measuring signals from a user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014 leading publishers withdrew more than 120 nonsensical publications automatically generated with the SCIgen program. Casual observations suggested that similar problematic papers are still published and sold, without follow‐up retractions. No systematic screening has been performed and the prevalence of such nonsensical publications in the scientific literature is unknown. Our contribution is 2‐fold. First, we designed a detector that combs the scientific literature for grammar‐based computer‐generated papers. Applied to SCIgen, it has a 83.6% precision. Second, we performed a scientometric study of the 243 detected SCIgen‐papers from 19 publishers. We estimate the prevalence of SCIgen‐papers to be 75 per million papers in Information and Computing Sciences. Only 19% of the 243 problematic papers were dealt with: formal retraction (12) or silent removal (34). Publishers still serve and sometimes sell the remaining 197 papers without any caveat. We found evidence of citation manipulation via edited SCIgen bibliographies. This work reveals metric gaming up to the point of absurdity: fraudsters publish nonsensical algorithmically generated papers featuring genuine references. It stresses the need to screen papers for nonsense before peer‐review and chase citation manipulation in published papers. Overall, this is yet another illustration of the harmful effects of the pressure to publish or perish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study assessed the features of the 100 most‐cited papers on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: The 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers were collected from Web of Science, adopting a combined keyword search strategy. Google Scholar and Scopus databases were searched to compare citations. The following data were extracted from papers: title of the paper, number of citations, authorship, country, year of publication, title of the journal, study design, sample size, topic and OHRQoL instruments used. Graphical bibliometric networks were created using VOSviewer software. Results: The number of citations of the top 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers ranged from 73 to 949. Fifty‐six papers received at least 100 citations and two received more than 400 citations. Most papers were from Canada (23%) and had been published in Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (37%). David Locker was the most‐cited author (25 papers; 3,521 citations). The cross‐sectional study design was the most common (68%). The impact of oral health conditions on OHRQoL (43%) was the most frequent topic, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was the most commonly used OHRQoL instrument (48%). Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis highlighted the characteristics of the 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers, demonstrating that this field is far from saturated. This list of the most‐cited articles can provide a reference point to guide oral health research, education and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Accurate assessment of patient‐reported oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is essential to guide appropriate management and evaluate response. The Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) is a paper‐based 17‐item inventory developed and validated to objectively detect risk of OPD. An easy‐to‐use electronic version with digital output has significant potential in streamlining patient assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an electronic version of the SSQ (eSSQ) against the original paper version. Method: The English‐based paper SSQ was adapted on the online REDcap (Research Electronic Data Capture) platform to be accessible on computer and mobile devices. Patients with OPD and asymptomatic controls completed both electronic and paper versions in randomized order. Patients with stable symptoms then repeated the eSSQ after ≥14 days for test–retest reliability. Paper‐based and eSSQs were also collected from an independent cohort for external validation. Agreement of total scores between both versions and eSSQ test–retest reliability were calculated using two‐way mixed‐effects intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: 47 dysphagic patients, 32 controls, and 31 patients from an external validation cohort were recruited. The most common underlying etiology was head and neck cancer. Mean eSSQ total score was 789 in dysphagic patients, and 68 in controls. eSSQ had excellent agreement with paper SSQ in total scores among all participants, with ICC 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) in controls, 0.97 (95% CI [0.94, 0.98]) in dysphagic patients and 0.96 (95% CI [0.92, 0.98]) in validation cohort. Test–retest reliability was also excellent (ICC 0.96, 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]). Conclusion: The newly developed eSSQ shows excellent agreement with the paper version and test–retest reliability. Future applications of its use may allow for more efficient and accessible patient assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new efficient approach to the synthesis of intensely colored 2‐(2‐oxo‐3H‐pyrrol‐3‐ylidene)malononitrile (OP) was developed. Using the reaction of OP with amines, a series of previously unknown colorless organic salts – dicyano(2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)methanides were synthesized, bearing in the structure two fragments of same or diverse amines of different nature (covalent and ionic). TGA‐DTA study of the synthesized salts showed a thermal reversibility of their formation. The introduction of violet OP into paper followed by treatment with amine vapors revealed prospects of using such a system for naked‐eye detection of volatile amines. It was also shown that OP‐based rewritable paper can be created, to which a data can be applied by local heating and erased by the action of amine or temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high uncertainty around the COVID‐19 pandemic elicited an unprecedented level of panic buying during the early months. Using the framework of stress and coping, the current study conceptualized and tested a theoretical model that predicts individuals' panic buying in two countries. A survey of US (n = 311) and Korean consumers (n = 347) revealed that negative emotions (loneliness and anxiety) contributed to panic buying, yet two important coping resources, resilience and social support, were effective in protecting consumers from engaging in a maladaptive coping strategy. The hypothesis that collectivism (vs. individualism) would make consumers rely on social (vs. personal) coping resources was partially supported. The results highlight the unique circumstance of the global pandemic in which social support works as both a resource for healthy coping and a source to increase negative emotions, and call for future investigation of the complex role of social support in the context of stress and coping theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responsive photonic crystals are widely employed to construct rewritable paper, where patterns are written and erased repeatedly via color switching. The working principle mainly lies in the changes on the lattice constant of periodic structures, which, however, restricts the localized color tuning of the recorded patterns and thus limits multicolor information transfer. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to write, erase, and importantly to tune the colors by developing unique light‐driven cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that possess self‐organized helical superstructures with two structural elements of pitch lengths (lattice constant) and helical axes (reconfiguration). Reconfiguration of the helical axes provides two high‐contrast optical states for writing and erasing by pressure and electricity, whereas precise photocontrol of the pitch lengths contributes to localized color tuning. These features primarily capitalize on the light‐driven CLC with diverse photostationary colors, which is induced by a newly designed binary chiral system and confined in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. Distinct multicolor patterns are mechanically written, optically tuned, and electrically erased on the rewritable photonic paper in a programmable manner. Such photonic paper has potential to record, program, and remember optically addressed images in visualized color information and user‐interactive display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of disposable electronics, compatible safe, flexible, and recyclable power sources have become a critical challenge. Here, an ultra‐thin paper‐based iontronic power source is enabled by highly efficient translational Li+ transport within 2D nanofluidic channels of graphene oxide under a salinity gradient and the fine‐tuned interfacial redox reactions. The paper‐based source can generate volumetric power and energy densities of 438.02 mW cm−3 and 30.02 mWh cm−3, respectively. Its areal power density is 1095.05 mW cm−2, surpassing most flexible batteries. It maintains a working state when bent or even cut and can be simply recycled by incineration. By filling 2D nanofluidic inks in different pens, the power source can be drawn on paper when needed, which not only overcomes the inherent defect of self‐discharge for most batteries but also enables writing directly on any insulating substrates. Furthermore, all‐in‐one disposable electronics comprised of an energy management system (paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator and iontronic power source) and wireless sensing system (temperature sensor with NFC circuits) are integrated onto one piece of paper by duplex printing, demonstrating the huge potential of such integratable iontronic power sources for soft, wireless, and conformable disposable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last few years have witnessed the change in the modalities of smuggling of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) by impregnating them in mail envelopes and fast parcels. Considering the aforementioned scenario, it is important to develop a portable technique to identifying SCRAs through packages. The purpose of this research was to detect SCRAs impregnated into substrates of paper using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. Three SCRAs that included 5F‐PB‐22, AB‐FUBINACA and AKB‐48 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The three SCRAs and four cutting agents were impregnated into paper of variable thickness at four concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/mL). Spectra were collected over the wavenumber range of 650–4000 cm−1 using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and were exported to Matlab 2020b where data analysis was applied. The FTIR spectral data was able to show the three SCRAs could be detected on paper using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and quantitatively modeled using the partial least squares regression algorithm. Principal component analysis showed separate clustering for the compounds that crystallized (5F‐PB‐22, AB‐FUBINACA and caffeine) onto the papers surface from those impregnated into the bulk of the paper (AKB‐48 and procaine) with the latter situated near blank papers in score plots. In summary, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be a successful non‐destructive technique in detecting and quantifying a selection of SCRAs impregnated into paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retracted articles by Indian scholars have received significant attention in recent times. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to analyse the citations of retracted papers authored by Indian researchers. This study aimed to assess the citations to retracted works published between 2001 and 2020 pre‐ and post‐retraction. The study found that there was an increase in retractions over time, with empirical data suggesting that the number of retractions has increased significantly, from 72 papers between 2001 and 2010 to 365 papers between 2011 and 2020. Duplication (n = 128) and plagiarism (n = 119) were the primary reasons for retraction. Notably, 90% of the retracted articles continued to receive citations after retraction. Among the retracted papers, eight received more than 50 post‐retraction citations, 39 received 20 to 50 citations, 347 received one to 19 citations, and 43 were not cited at all post‐retraction. There was an overall 8% decrease in citations after retraction. Retractions were observed across journals of varying impact factor, with a higher number of retractions observed in journals with an impact factor of less than 5 (n = 286; 65%). Furthermore, smaller research teams of two to five authors accounted for 72% of the total retractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 outbreak led to widespread disruption and stress to people's lives. Concern about the escalation of domestic violence (DV) rates and related mental health issues soon emerged following the implementation of strategies aimed at curbing the spread of the virus. This perspective paper presents an overview of the issues, argues for greater recognition of the link between DV against women and serious emotional distress, and the need for greater awareness and knowledge about DV among mental health professionals. While we acknowledge that men also experience DV, their rates are much lower than for women and in this paper our focus is on women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How might the visibility of an author's name and/or institutional affiliation allow bias to enter the evaluation of economics papers? We ask highly qualified journal editors to review abstracts of solo‐authored papers which differ along the dimensions of gender and institution of the author. We exogenously vary whether editors observe the name and/or institution of the author. We identify positive name visibility effects for female economists and positive institution visibility effects for economists at the top institutions. Our results suggest that male economists at top institutions benefit the most from non‐blind evaluations, followed by female economists (regardless of their institution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present guidance paper is to update the previous ENETS guidelines on well differentiated appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NET), providing practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of appendiceal NET (aNET); poorly differentiated neoplasms are dealt with in a separate guidance paper. This paper is structured on a question‐answer format in order to also address controversial issues and areas where uncertainty regarding the management and follow‐up of aNET exists. All recommendations are offered on the basis of the best available evidence, along with the authors' experiences in managing these neoplasms. Each recommendation for treatment will provide a level of evidence and grade of recommendation as per the GRADE system (adapted in Infectious Disease Society of United States Public Health Service grading system). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vigilant animals detect and respond to threats in the environment, often changing posture and movement patterns. Vigilance is modulated not only by predators but also by conspecific threats. In social animals, precisely how conspecific threats alter vigilance behavior over time is relevant to long‐standing hypotheses about social plasticity. We report persistent effects of a simulated conspecific challenge on behavior of wild northern paper wasp foundresses, Polistes fuscatus. During the founding phase of the colony cycle, conspecific wasps can usurp nests from the resident foundress, representing a severe threat. We used automated tracking to monitor the movement and posture of P. fuscatus foundresses in response to simulated intrusions. Wasps displayed increased movement, greater bilateral wing extension, and reduced antennal separation after the threat was removed. These changes were not observed after presentation with a wooden dowel. By rapidly adjusting individual behavior after fending off an intruder, paper wasp foundresses might invest in surveillance of potential threats, even when such threats are no longer immediately present. The prolonged vigilance‐like behavioral state observed here is relevant to plasticity of social recognition processes in paper wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in the drug supply pose serious threats to public health. Much of these compounds enter the United States through shipping routes. Here we provide a method for fentanyl screening and analysis that utilizes pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) lined paper to recover drug residues from parcel‐related surfaces. The paper used is commercially available repositionable notes (also called post‐it or sticky notes). From this paper, mass spectra were obtained by paper spray‐mass spectrometry (PS‐MS), where PSA paper served as both a sampling and analysis substrate. Seven fentanyl‐related compounds were analyzed: fentanyl, 4‐anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine (4‐ANPP), N,1‐diphenethyl‐N‐phenylpiperidin‐4‐amine (phenethyl‐4‐ANPP), valerylfentanyl, 4‐fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4‐FIBF), carfentanil, and p‐fluorofentanyl. These compounds were recovered by PSA paper and identified by PS‐MS from packaging tape and plastic at 50 ng and from cardboard and shipping labels at 100 ng. The impact of cutting agents on PS‐MS analysis of fentanyl analogs was explored. No trends of analyte suppression were found at high concentrations of the cutting agents caffeine, diphenhydramine, and lidocaine when recovered from surfaces. A cartridge that required no precise cutting of PSA paper prior to sampling or analysis was evaluated for use in PS‐MS for fentanyl screening. Recovery and detection of fentanyl from plastic sheeting was demonstrated with this cut‐free cartridge. The cut‐free cartridge showed somewhat less consistency and lower analyte signal than the standard cartridge, but performance was suitable for potential screening applications. In combining PSA surface sampling with PS‐MS for drug screening, both sampling and detection of fentanyl‐related compounds is simple, rapid, and low‐cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of large‐scale collaborations for solving complex problems is widely recognized, but many barriers hinder meaningful authorship for all on the resulting multi‐author publications. Because many professional benefits arise from authorship, much of the literature on this topic has focused on cheating, conflict and effort documentation. However, approaches specifically recognizing and creatively overcoming barriers to meaningful authorship have received little attention.We have developed an inclusive authorship approach arising from 15 years of experience coordinating the publication of over 100 papers arising from a long‐term, international collaboration of hundreds of scientists.This method of sharing a paper initially as a storyboard with clear expectations, assignments and deadlines fosters communication and creates unambiguous opportunities for all authors to contribute intellectually. By documenting contributions through this multi‐step process, this approach ensures meaningful engagement by each author listed on a publication.The perception that co‐authors on large authorship publications have not meaningfully contributed underlies widespread institutional bias against multi‐authored papers, disincentivizing large collaborations despite their widely recognized value for advancing knowledge. Our approach identifies and overcomes key barriers to meaningful contributions, protecting the value of authorship even on massively multi‐authored publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational interphase reaction provides a feasible method to overcome the matters of insufficient adsorption of CO2 molecules at the catalytic sites and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which can increase the formation rate and selectivity of carbon derivatives in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, a hydrophobic photocatalyst with TiO2 nanosheet arrays grown on hydrophobic carbon paper (TiO2‐HCP) is fabricated using a combination of magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal method, and its unique structure not only endows it excellent light absorption and effective carrier spatial separation but also avoids the hydrophobic reagent covering reactive sites. When the interphase reaction shifts from solid–liquid diphase to gas‐liquid‐solid tri‐phase, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction over TiO2‐HCP mainly generates CO molecules and effectively suppresses HER due to the HCP suppressing the mass transfer of H2O molecules to active sites. Notably, amounts of H2 byproduct can further react with CO2/CO to produce high value‐added CH4 resultant by modifying the N‐doped TiO2‐HCP with nickel/nickel oxide species. In the tri‐phase interfacial CO2 photoreduction system, the CH4 formation rate of Ni@N‐doped TiO2‐HCP reaches 134.17 µmol m−2 h−1 (about 74.6% selectivity) and total carbon derivatives selectivity is about 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible gas sensors made of polyaniline (PANI)‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite were prepared using three different substrates, namely filter paper, cotton fabric, and weighing paper, through in‐situ reduction of GO and in‐situ polymerization of aniline. Preliminary analysis showed that the PANI/rGO coated on filter paper possesses a superior electrical conductance than PANI/rGO coated on cotton fabric and weighing paper. Such observation was attributed to the good attachment of the PANI/rGO nanocomposites onto the high‐density mesh‐like structure of the filter paper with rough surfaces. In contrast, PANI/rGO coated onto weighing paper and cotton fabric of different surface structures presented lower‐to‐almost negligible conductance. Accordingly, PANI/rGO filter paper was selected for the subsequent evaluation of gas sensing properties. The gas‐sensing performances of the PANI/rGO filter paper sensors indicated that the 5 wt% PANI/rGO (i.e., 5 wt% rGO) sample exhibited the best response of 306% for 500 ppm carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at room temperature with a recovery rate of 41.5%. On the other hand, the optimum recovery rate of 59.5% was identified at 0.5 wt% PANI/rGO sample which exhibited a response of 155%. Owing to the synergy effect, the PANI/rGO sensor outperformed the sensor made of pure PANI or pure rGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chlorpyrifos is a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture. However, its neurotoxicity poses a huge threat to human health. In the present study, a chitosan‐modified filter paper‐based surface enhanced Raman scattering active substrate (Ch/AgNPs/paper) was fabricated and used to detect trace amounts of chlorpyrifos in 120 treated wheat samples. Results: Results showed that the Ch/AgNPs/paper substrate could be used to enhance the chlorpyrifos spectral fingerprint only up to a concentration of 0.000558 mg L−1. Following Raman spectra acquisition, three pre‐processing methods, including Savitzky–Golay (Savitsky–Golay filter with a second order polynomial) smoothing with first derivative and second derivative and normalization, were used to reduce baseline variation and increase resolutions of spectral peak features of the original spectra dataset. Then, prediction models based on partial least squares were established for detecting chlorpyrifos pesticide residue in wheat. The partial least squares model with normalization yielded optimal result, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9764, root mean square error of prediction of 1.22 mg L−1 in the prediction, and relative analysis deviation of 4.12. Five unknown samples were prepared to verify the accuracy of the prediction model. The predicted recoveries were calculated to be between 97.25% and 119.38% with an absolute t value of 0.598. The value of a t‐test shows that the prediction model is accurate and reliable. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve rapid detection of chlorpyrifos in wheat. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft robotics driven by origami can fundamentally advance robotic functionalities by significantly improving continuum, compliance, and configurability. Here, a new field is proposed, "paper robotics," which is based on moisture‐responsive self‐folding of paper substrates into functional 3D machines using origami‐inspired techniques. By properly designing a hydrophobic wax layer and a hygro‐expandable hydrophilic layer, printed bilayer paper will fold automatically into desired shapes through anisotropic swelling that occurs when water is sprayed on the structure. The bilayer actuators can be readily fabricated on paper by the asymmetrical penetration of wax that is printed on both sides of the paper. The patterned paper automatically folds when water is added and unfolds as the water evaporates. The structure can perform various mechanical functions, including gripping and biomimetic locomotion. One of the practical applications, a kirigami paper robotic finger as an electrical switch, is also demonstrated. The functional mechanism based on the swelling and shrinking properties of paper is modeled and critical parameters for the design of the bilayer actuation are thoroughly characterized. This work will be a starting point for paper robotics and open new avenues to merge soft robotics and origami techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense‐making, sensemaking, and sense making are terms used in different disciplines. Similarities of usage seem unclear. (1) to examine the concepts used in different approaches to sense‐making/sensemaking/sense making; (2) to identify, classify and synthesize recent studies relevant to information science, as well as similar group on sensemaking in education research; (3) to reflect on future directions for sense‐making/sensemaking methodology in information science. The objectives were to retrieve, examine, classify and perform meta‐synthesis on sense‐making/sensemaking studies in both information science and education research. The review used systematic review principles, with selection criteria for case studies for examination in both information science and education sets. The final meta‐synthesis used a meta‐ethnographic approach, together with findings of recent overviews on organizational sensemaking, and other information science reviews. Qualitative sense‐making studies in information science often used Dervin's SMM (sense‐making methodology) and studies in organizations and education frequently used Weick's organizational sensemaking. Different mixed methods approaches were identified. Sense‐making is actively used in research and practice in information science and knowledge management. Using a coherent sense‐making methodology helps and dialogic principles are useful in planning, data collection and analysis. Individual and collective sense‐making are important to information science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low‐cost and efficient electrolyzer components is crucial for practical electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECR). In this study, facile non‐woven cellulose‐based porous transport layers (PTLs) were developed for high current density CO2‐to‐CO conversion. By depositing a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) catalyst‐layer over the PTLs, we fabricated ECR‐functioning gas‐diffusion‐electrodes (GDEs) for both flow‐cell and zero‐gap electrolyzers. Under optimal conditions, the Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) reached 92 % at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2. Furthering the architecture of the GDEs, CoPc was incorporated into the initial PTL slurry, forming ECR‐active PTLs without the need for an additional catalyst‐layer. The new GDE‐architecture favored the CoPc‐distribution by enhancing the contact and interactions with the carbon substrate and demonstrated a stable electrolysis process for over 50 h in a zero‐gap cell at 200 mA cm−2 with a FECO of 80 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation surgery continues to evolve and improve through advancements in transplant technique and technology. With the increased availability of ultrasound machines as well as the continued development of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols, regional anesthesia has become an essential component of providing analgesia and minimizing opioid use perioperatively. Many centers currently utilize peripheral and neuraxial blocks during transplantation surgery, but these techniques are far from standardized practices. The utilization of these procedures is often dependent on transplantation centers' historical methods and perioperative cultures. To date, no formal guidelines or recommendations exist which address the use of regional anesthesia in transplantation surgery. In response, the Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia (SATA) identified experts in both transplantation surgery and regional anesthesia to review available literature concerning these topics. The goal of this task force was to provide an overview of these publications to help guide transplantation anesthesiologists in utilizing regional anesthesia. The literature search encompassed most transplantation surgeries currently performed and the multitude of associated regional anesthetic techniques. Outcomes analyzed included analgesic effectiveness of the blocks, reduction in other analgesic modalities—particularly opioid use, improvement in patient hemodynamics, as well as associated complications. The findings summarized in this systemic review support the use of regional anesthesia for postoperative pain control after transplantation surgeries. Part 1 of the manuscript focused on regional anesthesia performed in thoracic transplantation surgeries, and part 2 in abdominal transplantations. Specifically, regional anesthesia in liver, kidney, pancreas, intestinal, and uterus transplants or applicable surgeries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Al‐air batteries are not suitable as portable power devices due to their complicated water management and bulky system. To resolve this issue, the fiber paper‐ and cotton cloth‐based Al‐air batteries were proposed, which exploited the capillary force from the paper (FP) and cotton cloth (CC) to deliver the solutions and eliminated the external pump. The physical features of the FP and CC were gained including the surface morphologies, surface elementary analysis, liquid absorption and flow rates. CC owned larger liquid absorption and faster flow rate due to its hierarchically woven‐spun fiber structure, compared to the randomly oriented fibers of the FP, although the surface of the CC demonstrated lower O/C ratio than that of the FP. So, the performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was largely higher than that of the FP‐based battery. The performance of the CC‐based Al‐air battery was optimal at 1.0 M NaOH electrolyte and the anode‐to‐cathode surface area ratio of 1 : 4, with the peak power density of 14.95±0.28 mW cm−2, and the maximum current density of 36.61±0.54 mA cm−2. To apply the CC‐based Al‐air battery, the two‐battery pack connected in series was assembled to drive a timer and light 9 LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the author's second bibliography on process capability indices (PCIs) and contains approximately 1080 journal papers and books for the period 2010–2021. The related literature is classified into six major categories, namely, books, review/overview papers, theory‐ and method‐related papers, special applications, software packages, and papers omitted in the author's previous bibliography. Theory‐ and method‐related papers are further classified into univariate, multivariate, and functional PCI‐related papers. Special applications include acceptance sampling, control charts, supplier selection, and tolerance design and other optimizations. The present bibliography consists of two parts. Part I contains books, review/overview papers, and univariate PCI‐related papers, while Part II includes multivariate and functional PCI‐related papers, special applications, software packages, and papers omitted in the author's previous bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second part of the bibliography on process capability indices (PCIs) for the period 2010–2021, and includes multivariate and functional PCI‐related papers, special applications, software packages, and papers omitted in the author's previous bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The HABS‐HD study is an epidemiological study of aging in diverse populations and began transitioning from entirely paper‐based charting to electronic data capture (EDC) in 2018. As the study evolved, the team realized that neuropsychological testing, scoring, and quality review consumed many resources and much staff time. This abstract aims to describe how the HABS‐HD study moved from paper‐based capture of neuropsychological data to EDC with a small data team. Method: The HABS‐HD staff recognized the time commitment for scoring and reviewing scores for the neuropsychological assessment, which created a delay between a participant completing the study and the research diagnosis. Senior research assistants worked with internal developers to create an EDC for the neuropsychological assessment. The data core is small and consists of a director, an assistant director, two developers, two data entry personnel, and a clinician. Specific components were completed on paper to prevent an increase in equipment cost and maintain methodological consistency. These components were reviewed post‐assessment, and a senior research assistant directly entered the scores into the EDC. Result: The EDC neuropsychological assessment was tested before going live. The team adapted data capture from the older method into the EDC. The new system allows the research director to obtain statistics of individual testers and provide more training as needed. It also permits more senior personnel to review the paper components and enter them directly into the EDC, which improves throughput. Conclusion: Smaller data core teams can transition larger projects from paper methods to EDC. The change does not need to be entirely paper or electronic, but investigators should evaluate which methodologies function best for their populations. Finally, communication between the personnel capturing the data, reviewing the quality of the capture, and writing the EDC software is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Good Practice Paper provides recommendations for the diagnosis, risk stratification and management of the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). It describes the recently recognised entity of the monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), and recommends how it should be managed. The potential for targeted population screening for MGUS is also discussed., (© 2023 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Cellulases are used in textile, pulp and paper, brewery and wine, sugars, and ethanol industries. Four fungal isolates obtained from organic municipal solid wastes (OMSW) were selected based on their cellulolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar medium. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the ribosomal DNA, the four cellulolytic isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus AKAL1, Aspergillus oryzae AKAL4, Aspergillus flavus AKAL8, and Aspergillus flavus AKAL9. After 9 days of fermentation at 30°C and pH 6.5 under 110 rpm agitation, these isolates produced the maximum amount of cellulase. The cellulase showed optimum activity at temperature 35-40°C and pH 6.0-7.0 and was stable for 1 h at 25-45°C and pH 5.0-7.0. The Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ significantly increased but Hg 2+ , K + , and Ca 2+ severely repressed the cellulase activity. Degradation of filter papers and bio-stoning of denim was successfully done with the crude cellulase. An endo-β-1,4-glucanase was isolated and characterized from Aspergillus isolates. Genome-wide analysis revealed that the genomes of A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus, the pertinent species of the fungal isolates, had 23, 25, and 22 cellulase genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cellulases in these fungal species were divided into three major groups, and the isolated endo-β-1,4-glucanase clustered to Group II. Ten different motifs are present in cellulases of the three species. Results herein provide a valuable resource for understanding cellulase genes in Aspergillus species and potential application of cellulase in textile and fermentable sugars production industries., (© 2022 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

We tested the use of nasal swabs spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 3M) for the molecular diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Spots of a positive nasal swab in conservation medium (B.1.177 strain, 21Ct) were still positive (duo E‐gene/IP4) after 10, 20, and 30 days of conservation at room temperature, with Ct values of 28, 27, and 26, respectively. Direct spotting of the swab at bedside (omicron strain) still gave a positive result after 10 days in two RT‐qPCR systems: 33.7 Ct using duo E‐gene/IP4, and 34.8 using a specific Omicron system. Spotting of a dilution range of media spiked with the Delta (strain 2021/FR/0610, lineage B 1.617.2) and Omicron strains (strain UVE/SARS‐CoV‐2/2021/FR/1514) showed a threshold of 0.04 TCID50 after 10 days of conservation. We show, for the first time, that this simple and low‐cost conservation method can be used to store samples for RT‐qPCR against SARS‐CoV‐2 for up to at least 1 month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a membraneless paper based co‐laminar microfluidic Hydrazine‐Hydrogen peroxide fuel cell, employing graphite pencil electrode, is presented. Hydrogen peroxide has been used as oxidant while sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide have been employed as electrolytes. The electrodes were formed by manual stroking of graphite pencils. Maximum power output was achieved by examining various combinations of different grades of graphite electrodes on a suitable filter paper with 100 pencil strokes. Here, maximum current density and power density of 14.43 μA/cm2 and 1.30 μW/cm2 respectively were achieved at a stable open circuit potential of 410 mV for 40 mM of hydrazine concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 18th International Convention of the East Asian Economic Association (EAEA) will be held on B 21-22, October 2023 in Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Korea. b The theme of the Convention is: B "Charting Inclusive Pathways for Innovation, Growth and Integration in Asia." b The Program Committee Chaired by Professor Keun Lee of SNU is now issuing a call for papers related to the Convention theme and for papers on a wide range of economic issues. IMPORTANT DATES Abstract submission open: 21, October 2022 Abstract submission due: 15, April 2023 Session proposal deadline: 30, April 2023 Notification of abstract acceptance: 15 May 2023 Full paper submission due: 31 August 2023 Paper presenter registration due: 31 August 2023 Convention dates: 21-22 October 2023. [Extracted from the article]

Ecologists have worked to ascribe function to the variation found in plant populations, communities and ecosystems across environments for at least the past century. The vast body of research in functional ecology has drastically improved understanding of how individuals respond to their environment, communities are assembled and ecosystems function. However, with limited exceptions, few studies have quantified differences in plant function during the earliest stages of the plant life cycle, and fewer have tested how this early variability shapes populations, communities and ecosystems.Drawing from the literature and our collective experience, we describe the current state of knowledge in seedling functional ecology and provide examples of how this subdiscipline can enrich our fundamental understanding of plant function across levels of organisation. To inspire progressive work in this area, we also outline key considerations involved in seedling functional research (who, what, when, where and how to measure seedling traits) and identify remaining challenges and gaps in understanding around methodological approaches.Within this conceptual synthesis, we highlight three critical areas in seedling ecology for future research to target. First, given wide variation in the definition of a 'seedling', we provide a standard definition based on seed reserve dependence while emphasising the need to measure ontogenetic variation more clearly both within and following the seedling stage. Second, studies demonstrate that seedlings can be studied in multiple media (e.g. soil, agar, filter paper) and conditions (e.g. field, greenhouse, laboratory). We recommend that researchers select methods based on explicit goals, yet follow standard guidelines to reduce methodological noise across studies. Third, research is critically needed to assess the implications of different methodologies on trait measurement and compatibility across studies.By highlighting the importance of seedling functional ecology and suggesting pathways to address key challenges, we aim to inspire future research that generates useful and comparable data on seedling functional ecology. This work is critical to explain variation within and among populations, communities and ecosystems and integrate this most vulnerable stage of plant life into ecological frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes the phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for physicochemical pollutants elimination from paper mill effluent (PME). For this, pot (glass aquarium) experiments were conducted using 0% (BWW: borewell water), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% treatments of PME under natural day/light regime. Results of the experiments showed that the highest removal of pH (10.75%), electrical conductivity (EC: 63.82%), total dissolved solids (TDS: 71.20%) biological oxygen demand (BOD: 85.03%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 80.46%), total Kjeldahl's nitrogen (TKN: 93.03%), phosphorus (P: 85.56%), sodium (Na: 91.89%), potassium (K: 84.04%), calcium (Ca: 84.75%), and magnesium (Mg: 83.62%), most probable number (MPN: 77.63%), and standard plate count (SPC: 74.43%) was noted in 75% treatment of PME after treatment by P. stratiotes. PCA showed the best vector length for TKN, Na, and Ca. The maximum plant growth parameters including, total fresh biomass (81.30 ± 0.28 g), chlorophyll content (3.67 ± 0.05 mg g−1 f.wt), and relative growth rate (0.0051 gg−1 d−1) was also measured in 75% PME treatment after phytoremediation experiments. The findings of this study make useful insight into the biological management of PME through plant‐based pollutant eradication while leftover biomass may be used as a feedstock for low‐cost bioenergy production. Practitioner points: Biological treatment of paper mill effluent using water lettuce is presented.Best reduction of physicochemical and microbiological pollutants was attained in 75% treatment.Maximum production of chlorophyll, plant biomass, and highest growth rate was also observed in 75% treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Despite major improvements in recycling over the last decades, the pulp and paper sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental pressures. Further reduction of virgin material requirements and environmental impacts requires a detailed understanding of the global material flows in paper production and consumption. This study constructs a Sankey diagram of global material flows in the paper life cycle, from primary inputs to end‐of‐life waste treatment, based on a review of publicly available data. It then analyzes potential improvements in material flows and discusses recycling and material efficiency metrics. The article argues that the use of the collection rate as a recycling metric does not directly stimulate avoidance of virgin inputs and associated impacts. An alternative metric compares paper for recycling (recovered paper) with total fibrous inputs and indicates that the current rate is at just over half of the technical potential. Material efficiency metrics are found to be more useful if they relate to the reuse potential of wastes. The material balance developed in this research provides a solid basis for further study of global sustainable production and consumption of paper. The conclusions on recycling and efficiency should be considered for improving environmental assessment and stimulating a shift toward resource efficiency and the circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve scientific progress in terms of building a cumulative body of knowledge, careful attention to benchmarking is of the utmost importance, requiring that proposals of new methods are extensively and carefully compared with their best predecessors, and existing methods subjected to neutral comparison studies. Answers to benchmarking questions should be evidence‐based, with the relevant evidence being collected through well‐thought‐out procedures, in reproducible and replicable ways. In the present paper, we review good research practices in benchmarking from the perspective of the area of cluster analysis. Discussion is given to the theoretical, conceptual underpinnings of benchmarking based on simulated and empirical data in this context. Subsequently, the practicalities of how to address benchmarking questions in clustering are dealt with, and foundational recommendations are made based on existing literature. This article is categorized under:Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data ConceptsFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data MiningTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineralized polymer scaffolds have proven to be effective biomaterials for inducing osteoinductivity in bone tissue engineering. Sequential mineralization is a promising technique for depositing minerals in three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Paper, which is made of cellulose fibers, can be used as a tissue scaffold due to its highly porous structure and flexibility, as well as its excellent ability to wick fluids and support the growth of bone cells. In this study, paper‐based, mineralized scaffolds were fabricated using sequential mineralization. We conducted experiments with two groups of scaffolds based on different incubation times in the mineralization solutions (30 min and 24 h). Ten cycles of mineralization were performed for each group. We found that the mineral content increased as the cycle number increased and that the 24‐h group scaffolds consistently had more mineralization than did the 30‐min group scaffolds when measured at the same cycle number. A quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed for two osteogenic differentiation markers of the preosteoblasts that were grown on the mineralized paper scaffolds. The gene expression results for bone‐specific markers revealed that the mineralized scaffolds were osteoinductive. Subcutaneous implantation of the scaffolds in rats demonstrated favorable biocompatibility, high vascularization, and non‐immunogenicity in vivo. The overall results suggest that the sequentially mineralized paper scaffolds are promising materials for use in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]