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Although peer support is documented as a predictor of adolescents' prosocial behavior, the influencing mechanism of peer support on prosocial behavior among adolescents from low-income families has not been fully researched. The current research conducted two studies to examine the influencing mechanism of peer support on prosocial behavior among adolescents from low-income families. Study 1 (N = 579) investigated the influencing mechanism of peer support on prosocial behavior with a longitudinal dataset. Study 2 (N = 228) investigated the effect of peer support priming on money donation with an experimental approach. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 consistently demonstrated that communal social goals mediated the association between peer support and prosocial behavior among adolescents from low-income families, and cumulative family risk moderated this indirect link. The positive effect of peer support on prosocial behavior through communal social goals might be weakened if adolescents experience more risk factors in the family context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-income populations are disadvantaged in a car-dependent society despite car ownership and could be using walking and cycling to reduce their travel costs. This study explores how low-income households with and without cars living in various geographies disproportionately use walking and cycling to save money in comparison to higher-income households. Data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey is used to investigate the variation in walking and cycling behavior among three groups of households: (1) carless low-income households, (2) low-income households with cars, and (3) higher-income households. Generalized ordered logistic regression models are estimated to examine how the probability of using active travel to save money varies by household type, location (urban, suburban, rural) and other socioeconomic attributes. We find that low-income households are more likely to walk or cycle to save money on transportation compared to higher-income households. Carless low-income households present a higher probability to use active travel to decrease travel costs in comparison to car-owning low-income households. Our results also indicate that on average, urban residents are more likely to travel actively to reduce expenses compared to suburban and rural residents. The lowest spatial variation is found for carless low-income households, demonstrating their higher disadvantage compared to those with cars. Low-income people of color are more likely to use active travel to save money while being a female, older, or having children are attributes associated with a lower probability to use active travel to reduce travel expenses in low-income households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a model of ambivalent classism in which hostile (overtly negative and insulting) and benevolent (subjectively positive but condescending) attitudes about poor people co-exist and independently predict endorsement of restrictive and poverty-perpetuating welfare policies. Whereas existing classism scales predominantly measure antipathy toward poor people, we developed and validated the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI), a 20-item scale that captures both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward poor people. The ACI has one hostile factor (hostile classism) and two benevolent factors (protective paternalism and complementary class differentiation). Data from four samples (total n = 1,543) indicate that the ACI has good reliability and validity. Findings underscore the role of benevolent beliefs in classist attitudes. Item generation, analytical methods, and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the relationships between multidimensional and monetary poverty indices in international and national poverty profiles, and empirically explore the consequences of identifying poor people relying on a combination of both approaches. Taking first a cross-country perspective, focusing on 90 countries in the developing world, we corroborate that the incidence of poverty by money metrics and the global Multidimensional Poverty Index, a non-monetary measure of poverty, are correlated. Digging deeper, we use microdata from six countries—Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uganda—to study the joint densities of monetary and multidimensional welfare and the poverty identification mismatches for a comprehensive array of poverty line pairs. Mismatches are important, particularly in the poorer countries. Although mismatches could be avoided by combining both approaches in a dual cutoff-based poverty measure, the choice of the monetary poverty line remains a considerable issue as it changes the nonmonetary composition of poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water Cool(ing) Island (WCI) literature has paid little attention to smaller waterscapes in developed areas that are most vulnerable to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. To fill this gap, this study investigated participants' changes in body temperature and stress level associated with the visual, auditory, and thermal properties of small waterscapes. The results of this study demonstrated that smaller waterscapes can provide effective cooling for predominantly hardscaped urban settings prone to the effects of UHI. This approach offers low-income residents without air-conditioning outdoor alternatives to indoor cooling centres in a post-pandemic era with more frequent and severe heat waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews four books that explore the history and experiences of Black, Latino, and Asian suburbanization in the United States. The books highlight the struggles and agency of these communities in gaining access to middle-class suburbia, as well as the challenges they face in maintaining stability and navigating the suburban ideal. The authors also discuss the complexities of suburban integration, emphasizing that it is not solely about Black-White integration but also involves integration within racial and ethnic groups. Overall, these books provide a nuanced understanding of suburban diversity and exclusionary suburbanization in the United States. [Extracted from the article]

Poor people in India routinely have to wait for short-term employment, basic services and subsidized goods. Based on fieldwork in Delhi, this paper describes how this waiting blends into an environment where men are underemployed and women try to make ends meet by engaging in contentious public activities. While negotiating destabilized gender roles, the latter downplay their wait for services and describe much of their paid and unpaid work as 'mere' waiting and just 'passing time'. In complex responses, they sometimes internalize the relations of power that keep them waiting, while subverting them on other occasions. Exploring what these women hide or minimize brings to light a host of activities that question our understanding of the boundaries of labour, idleness and the broader work of social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some scholars have argued that every year, huge amount of financial and human resources are being deployed by international development agencies, and NGOs to improve the living conditions of millions of poor people living in most African countries, yet most of these interventions are not achieving the objectives expected. This study seeks to know the validity of this postulation by exploring the intersection of participatory communication, role-players engagement, and project proposal in achieving far-reaching impact and success of development interventions in Africa. A systematic literature review method was used. The findings showed that 25% of the 48 development interventions evaluated were failed projects, 64.58% projects came midway, and 10.42% projects were successful. The findings support the postulation of Farreach perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test an adjusted version of the classic monocentric-city model to explain the spatial sorting of rich versus poor people in Jakarta. We find that in Jakarta (1) the urban rich tend to live in the city centre; (2) because of extreme congestion levels, the elasticity between income and the opportunity cost of time spent commuting is higher than the elasticity between income and demand for larger plots of residential land; and (3) the motorbike is the most important and fastest mode of transport for the urban poor. These findings contrast with existing evidence from the United States. Both the logic of the monocentric-city model and empirical evidence suggest that the urban rich in Jakarta tend to cluster in the city centre. However, empirical evidence also suggests that the sorting of the rich and poor in Jakarta—as indicated by spatial variation in income, expenditure and land prices—depends not only on distance from the city centre but also on other neighbourhood characteristics, especially flood risk, crime rates and the proximity of a commercial area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health conditions were seen to rise during the COVID-19 pandemic as individuals lost loved ones due to the pandemic, lost jobs, and in many cases had to care for elderly and other loved ones. For students, the pandemic also brought the additional challenge of having to transition to online learning. In this study, we investigated the depression and anxiety levels of students in a Hispanic-serving institution and the coping strategies they used to deal with the stress during the pandemic, and the relationship of students' depression and anxiety levels to their preference of learning and their other demographic characteristics. A survey was administered online via Qualtrics to the students. The depression and anxiety faced by the students in this study could have been attributed to them being majority Latino and economically disadvantaged, which studies have shown to be more disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Students who have taken online courses before were associated with lower depression levels, which may indicate that those who have not taken online courses may have been experiencing more stress with this transition. Students employed approach-based coping strategies instead of avoidance strategies which are known as more positive forms of coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper foregrounds the use of "Living Labs" as instruments for the delivery of just low carbon transformations. Living Labs are commonly understood as stakeholder-centred, iterative and open-innovation ecosystems that involve multiple forms of co-creation and engagement among different actors in a given territory. Over a period of three years, thanks to a unique pan-European action research study, three such Labs were set up in different locations in Europe -- a large North-western European city (Manchester, England), a mid-sized mountainous town in South-eastern Europe (Metsovo, Greece) and a series of rural settlements in Central Europe (Nyírbátor, Hungary). Working closely with local residents and relevant organisational stakeholders, the research teams that led the Labs undertook multiple low-carbon interventions in the homes of low-income residents, while continuously monitoring the broader impacts of intermediation practices on energy equity and sustainability across three consecutive cycles of activity. We present and discuss the results of these activities, so as to uncover the impacts of Living Labs on energy poverty both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate public transport access distribution based on a framework of vertical equity principles. In this method, traffic analysis zones (TAZs) are analyzed by comparing the estimated transit demand with the existing geographical distribution of the network's benefits (e.g., accessibility and mobility). The framework deploys the concept of connectivity power to measure the distribution of a transit system's supply. On the other hand, demand is measured by an exhaustive index, the weighted average of four social indicators, namely the number of low-income people, the population, the households without vehicles, and the disabled in the TAZs. These weights can differ from city to city depending on culture, politics, social behavior, and costs of effective parameters such as fuel, parking, and tickets in that particular city. The framework was applied to the comprehensive transit network of Tehran, Iran. Finally, diagonal and radical lines linking the city's southwest to its northeast are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reiterate that collecting demographics will not answer the question in the JEP:HPP statement about knowing "to whom to generalize findings" unless the demographics are included in the main data analysis as potential moderators. Thus, the JEP:HPP policy inadvertently increases the advantage that richer researchers have over poorer ones, or the advantage that researchers with grant money have over researchers without grant money. There is much concern, exemplified by the currently active APA Task Force on Race and Ethnicity Guidelines in Psychology (approved 2019), for the inclusion of racially and ethnically diverse participants in research studies. [Extracted from the article]

(Rustamova has written for numerous non-government media outlets in Russia for a Russian audience, such as Meduza and TV Rain, on Russian politics and society. Keywords: Putin; dissent; Russia; Ukraine war; authoritarianism; sanctions; Cold War EN Putin dissent Russia Ukraine war authoritarianism sanctions Cold War 315 317 3 11/11/22 20221101 NES 221101 In the last issue of the I Bulletin i 's bi-monthly magazine, the executive editor, Dan Drollette Jr., interviewed Russian independent journalist Farida Rustamova about what it is like to try to do honest, accurate, uncensored journalism from modern-day, Putin's Russia - for primarily a Russian audience. Putin, dissent, Russia, Ukraine war, authoritarianism, sanctions, Cold War. [Extracted from the article]

This study adopted content analysis to examine policy papers concerning the eligibility requirements of the Minimum Living Standard Scheme (MLSS) in China's 31 capital cities. It was found that local officials not only assess applicants’ assets and incomes, but also their living space, quality of home decoration, possession of luxury goods, leisure activities, and behavior. The local governments’ use of a lifestyle assessment approach is caused by financial constraints and the lack of an effective mechanism to check applicants’ incomes. The lifestyle approach leads to regional inequalities in accessing public assistance, because some of the terms, which define the quality of life, are too ambiguous. The lifestyle approach, which requires applicants to live in very poor living conditions and also demonstrate their hardship to local officials, will be a barrier preventing poor people from being integrated into their communities. This study suggests that the key words and terms in the policy documents need to be clearly explained and similar criteria should also be adopted across different regions. It also proposes that the gap between MLSS eligibility criteria in the policy papers and their actual implementation requires further study in order to understand the impact of special local factors and the quality of life of poor people in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land reforms have been implemented in many parts of the world because of both justice and the attractive developmental policy objectives of improving poor people's welfare – as the prime beneficiaries. Land reform also facilitates rural economic growth. In some parts of the world, like China and India, there is evidence that land reform has been effective in poverty reduction and in enabling economic growth. However, in other parts of the world, like South Africa, the impact of land reform has been very minimal mainly due to poor policy implementation, which entails inadequate support structures. Using an integrative literature review approach and key policy documents on South Africa's land reform, this article dissects this policy–practice gap in South Africa's land redistribution policy and proposes that land redistribution be implemented by a private independent entity to reduce state bureaucracy and inefficiencies and, in turn, improve execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows that post-Keynesian economics is more closely tied to the proposal of equality of place rather than that of equality of opportunity. More precisely, it advocates for the approach of utilizing equality of place as a means to attain equality of opportunity. These are two conceptions of social policy. Equality of opportunity distinguishes between poor and non-poor, and state intervention is focused on poor people. This mode of intervention promotes individuals' improvements in human capital, assuming that the poor can reach the position they want through a competitive process. In contrast, the idea of equality of place is intertwined with the concept of decommodification and supply-side subsidies. It envisions a scenario in which markets might not ensure that people can access fundamental rights. Consequently, it suggests an alternate role for state intervention. Because some heterodox and post-Keynesian authors have identified with the principle of equality of opportunity, it is important to clarify the nature of the relationship between social policy and post-Keynesian economics. The principle of equality of place can provide a framework of social policy that is consistent with the tenets of the post-Keynesian tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic events and other natural-related disasters experienced in the arid and semi-arid lands of northern Kenya negatively affect the pastoral livelihoods of the communities. Addressing vulnerability to climate shocks among pastoral communities of Kenya's Arid and Semi-lands presents a persistent challenge. Cash transfer programmes have increasingly grown as one mode of building household resilience. Understanding the role of cash transfer interventions on household resilience to climate shocks is key to policy programming. This paper aimed at determining the effects of cash transfers on household resilience to climate shocks. The paper evaluated the Hunger Safety Net Program, which is one of the largest unconditional cash transfer programs in Kenya. The Hunger Safety Net Program targeted poor people in northern Kenya including the counties of Turkana, Wajir, Marsabit, and Mandera. To establish the impact the paper compares households which received cash transfers with those that did not receive transfers. The panel fixed effects model was used to determine the effects of cash transfers on household resilience. The results indicate that cash transfers have positive significant effects on household resilience to climate shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an array of studies documenting community preparedness to flooding in towns and cities, particularly those in countries of the developing global south. However, fewer studies have investigated how cultural and social factors influence flood preparedness. In this article, we discuss the role of cultural and social attributes and how these can influence a community's preparedness to extreme flood events, with a focus on selected urban communities in Nigeria. Study revealed that despite, the effects of floods on the urban poor residents, they are actively involved and engaged in finding ways to build their adaptive capacity and resilience against flood events by deploying different strategies inspired through cultural and social attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"My Life in History" is a personal account of the author's journey into the field of history, inspired by their grandmother's stories of their family's past. Despite facing challenges in their education, the author obtained a Bachelor of Arts in social work and history from the University of Melbourne. They overcame gender biases and limited opportunities in academia to earn a PhD and have a successful career in teaching and research. The author's work focuses on topics such as single motherhood, institutional abuse, and welfare history in Australia. They emphasize their collaboration with service users and survivors, as well as their involvement in digital history and public spaces. The author expresses gratitude towards their mentors, colleagues, and the individuals whose stories they have documented. [Extracted from the article]

The families referred to the Anni Bergman Parent Infant Program (ABPIP) Home-Visiting Project often face multiple, overwhelming stressors embedded within the market-oriented system of poverty and exploitation. These stressors compromise the quality of parental care, which in turn negatively impacts the infant's well-being. These financially vulnerable families are usually in an urgent crisis that needs immediate attention. The author describes the innovative model of this outreach program based on psychoanalytic infant observation that encourages interventions on multiple levels simultaneously. Another unique aspect of the program is its reshaping of the analytic frame. Considering the ever-changing nature of the physical settings, the analyst's internal setting becomes a vital, anchoring, and facilitating factor of therapeutic change. Through two detailed case examples, the author shows how these outreach analysts place themselves in between external and internal realities, recognizing the interdependent nature of both, while also maintaining a psychoanalytic attitude and frame that is primarily situated within the analyst. The author also reflects on her own precarious status as an international, temporary visa holder in the US and the ways this external reality entered into the playground of therapy that allowed the author to understand and help a child in a deeper, more personal way based on the dyad's shared preoccupation with the notion of home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that estimating the comprehensive and precise impacts of the COVID-19 crisis is challenging, this paper aims to quantify the overall impacts of the COVID-19 on Thai economy both at the macroeconomic and household levels. Our finding indicates that if government supports are not implemented, the country's GDP could fall by 13.66 percent—the most important transmission channels of this severe impact coming from inbound and domestic tourism demand shocks. The pandemic has also significantly increased the level of poverty in Thailand. And those people facing the greatest risk of falling into poverty tend to be those living in urban areas, especially in metropolitan Bangkok, as well as those whose head of household is working in the tourism sector. In exploring the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented by the Thai government, our findings also show that such mitigation measures could successfully help lower the numbers of poor and almost poor people to below those of the Pre-COVID-19 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant studies have deployed variable-centered methods to examine predictors of children's nutritional status, and few focus on the double burden of malnutrition among young Chinese children. This paper adopts a person-centered approach and leverages data from large samples of Chinese families (the China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS 2004–2015, and China Family Panel Studies, CFPS 2010–2018) to examine trends in the prevalence of stunting, overweight, and stuntingoverweight in early childhood. We developed a hierarchical structure of socioeconomic indicators, including region (Eastern-Central-Western), urbanicity (urban-rural), and family socioeconomic status gradient (four quartiles). We assessed relative risks for malnutrition for 24 subgroups of children from varying socioeconomic strata. Results indicate that the prevalence of stunting decreased consistently while the prevalence of being overweight increased first, followed by a decreasing trend. Moreover, a small group of stuntedoverweight children (4.7%) was identified. Data from the CHNS indicated that children from affluent families in the Central region were prone to being overweight. Data from the CFPS indicate that underprivileged groups (children from poor rural families living in Western China) were at higher risk for both undernutrition and overnutrition than their more advantaged peers. The findings suggest that children in poor, rural areas in Western China should be targeted for malnutrition alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that intergovernmental transfers affect migration decisions. If local governments with large distributive allocations offer greater government employment, public works projects, and assistance to (small) businesses, they attract low-skilled or unemployed residents to move or stay in. We find that more allocations increase not only the share of low-income residents but also the economic disparity in the city. We exploit the major electoral reform in Japan as an instrumental variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a new, increasingly popular form of short-term credit used for everyday items. While critics are concerned that these typically unregulated products pose risks for financially vulnerable people, many BNPL companies argue their app-based products are more responsible than other forms of credit. In this study, I use Davis' (2020) mechanisms and conditions framework of affordances and Light et al.'s (2018) walkthrough method to analyse how three popular BNPL products (Afterpay, Klarna and Zip) define responsible lending and spending. I argue these BNPL companies claim they are more responsible than credit cards because they are more inclusive and have fairer loan terms, and that these claims are made possible by the platformed nature of BNPL products. At the same time, these BNPL companies define responsible consumers as those who make their repayments on time. This redefinition of responsible consumption encourages increased spending and normalises the use of BNPL credit for that consumption. These products, which challenge traditional regulatory responses to consumer credit, are disproportionately used by lower-income families, who are increasingly reliant on credit for everyday purchases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Class-based parenting logic transcends national culture. This is what we found when applying Laureau's (2011. Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life with an update a decade later (2nd ed.). University of California Press) schema of concerted cultivation for middle/higher class families and accomplishment of natural growth for working-class families to young parents in Singapore. Through in-depth interviews with 10 low-SES parents and eight high-SES parents between the ages of 27 and 37, we found Laureau's distinctions evident even in this young Asian country where the middle class has only recently emerged. Interviewing young adults at a stage in life when they were forming their parenting ideals, the intergenerational transmission of logics was apparent. So were constraints of work and earnings in shaping the intergenerational logics. The findings suggest that improving outcomes of low-SES children requires going beyond parenting programmes to tackling structures in society that harden class lines, e.g. education and work systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational system in nineteenth-century Sweden was, as in many other industrialising states, segregated by social class. Children of the economically and politically marginalised classes were educated in basic primary subjects in the nationwide Folkskola (primary schools). From 1868 to the early 1940s, the government issued, subsidised, and distributed the Läsebok för folkskolan (Reader for Primary School; "the Reader"). Besides poems and songs, the Reader contained religious, fictitious, moral, and historical texts – all wrapped in an explicit nationalist discourse. However, it also contained images and ideologies about social class which have remained unexplored. The representations and social vernaculars in the Reader about how children of the working poor should identify and conduct themselves in order to grow up as functional members of a bourgeois society have been more or less overlooked. This paper deals with the images of the poor and marginalised in the Reader. We suggest not only that the Swedish state reproduced a class-based society through a segmented school system, but that the social descriptions in the book were aimed to produce diligent and docile workers to serve the political and economic interests of the dominant classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban transit systems have differential impacts across population groups, including the perceptions of impacts. Nevertheless, the evaluation of difference in perceived benefits of transport investment is under researched, and few attempts have been made to quantify the extent to which transport provision meets users' requirements. This paper explores how the impact of rail transit on development and regeneration differs across different income groups and migrants, assessing equity dimensions that arise through surveys on residents' perceptions, using evidence from Chongqing, China. The analysis utilises both MANOVA and discriminant analysis. The result shows that the lowest income group perceives they benefit least from the rail transit impacts, while the highest income group perceives they benefit most. There is a significant unequal perceived benefit distribution between migrants and local residents within the low-income groups. Reflections are made on policies and planning interventions which might be introduced to achieve greater social equity in impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People and places are entangled through material, social, discursive and emotional relations, which makes it complex to understand the daily living in a certain place. In this article, we explore such entanglements, with an outset in two underprivileged neighbourhoods in Denmark, by drawing on two sets of theoretical thinking: The framework of multiplicity, and the concept of place. We argue that the neighbourhoods cannot be defined as either good or bad places of living. Rather they exist in complex ways, where what makes some people feel at home, is what makes others feel insecure, and where such ambivalent feelings can co-exist inherently for individual residents. Furthermore, our analysis shows that manifold enactments of residents and places enable multiple trajectories of how to live and identify oneself in relation to the neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is well-known that, on the average, financially poor individuals donate higher percentages of their incomes to charity than do the financially well-off, little research has been completed into possible differences in the financial giving behaviour of poor people in employment (the working poor) and poor individuals of working age who do not work. The present study addresses this issue via a survey of working and unemployed poor people in three low-income Boroughs in inner-London: Newham, Hackney and Tower Hamlets. It is hypothesised that disparities can be explained by, among other things, factors connected with a poor person's sense of engagement with the wider society; in conjunction with an individual's experiences and perceptions of social deprivation. Outcomes to the investigation suggest that the working poor tend to exhibit attitudes and behaviour more similar to those of the financially better-off than to the non-working poor, and that their affinity with the better-off extends to their donating lower percentages of their incomes to charity than the unemployed poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the largest source base ever assembled – some 12 million words of diverse material ranging from letters, through life-writing and to committee minutes – to investigate the public presence of those with sensory, physical or mental impairments. Focusing on the nineteenth century, the classic period in which it is argued that impairment came to be constructed into 'disability' and subject to medical intervention, and on poor people the article makes three core points. First, that ordinary people could not have avoided seeing or being involved with people living with these impairments in their everyday public lives; second, that few of these people and even fewer of those living with physical and mental issues constructed impairment into disability – indeed the phrase is almost completely absent from the 12 million word corpus in terms of its modern usage; finally, that while public presence did not guarantee good and respectful treatment of people navigating physical, sensory or mental issues, in most cases and at most times in the nineteenth century there was a clear sense of societal and personal obligation to such people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several global policy frameworks focus on managing (risks of) disasters affecting broad populations. In those frameworks resilience is a conceptualisation that possibly has important ideological implications. It is often opposed to fragility, and used to validate the notion of recurring insecurity, promote individual adaptability almost in the form of an obligation, and push the idea that crises/catastrophes are opportunities for profound changes. While effects from the COVID-19 pandemic have brought the protective role of the state to the fore, applying the word resilience to poor people requires clarification, especially in contexts of weak state public services and because assessment of complex poverty situations too often remains oversimplified and error-prone. We argue that to build capacity for resilience poor households need policies that protect and help them out of poverty, and that policy-making processes require engagement with people. Individuals must be asked about their perceptions and management of risks and threats, both in daily life and under exceptional circumstances, especially if the resulting stress factors accumulate and interact. This socially informed, place-specific, and multi-level approach could contribute substantially to identifying interventions, reducing poverty and poverty related risks, enhancing well-being and promoting development and cooperation programmes that meet people's expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author discusses Stephen Wexler's essay "Practicing Law for Poor People" which understand better the relationship of poor people and the law. It mentions need to re-hash the well-worn positions on what poverty lawyers can or should do on behalf of their clients or restate the urgent need for greater public support for poor or indigent people. It also mentions society is not the sole burden of the have-nots and their lawyers.

India's health care suffers from high out-of-pocket medical expenses that lead to a higher financial burden on poor people. To reduce the health cost burden, the government of India has initiated many governments funded insurance schemes since 2000. Private health insurance also flourished, but the coverage is limited to wealthier households. Many researchers have published many scientific publications on this research domain, but the bibliometric analysis of scientific publications is missing. We have relied on the 'SCOPUS' database for data collection based on the wider availability of literature. 761 documents extracted were journal articles, published between 2000 and 2021 followed by certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Biblioshiny package of R-Studio has been used for data analysis. Our analysis reflect upon various aspects of Bibliographic analysis like number of articles published, cited, country wise scientific production etc. Our results also reflect on very few studies that relate to Poverty, income, young adults, aged, adolescents, and children, where there is further scope for research. We found that the health insurance-related publication rate has increased over the period. But it requires more research especially the implementation of health insurance mechanisms from the health system perspective. The study will be a policy document to find the research gaps in the healthcare insurance domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the 'quiet encroachment' movement that has been taking place in Iran for decades. Led by low-income people, this movement aims to reclaim the right to housing as a basic requirement for living. With a lack of social housing services and other relevant facilities, the urban poor in Iran have taken it upon themselves to informally occupy or purchase public lands, in order to improve their socio-economic situation by avoiding the cost of renting or buying housing in the formal market. One of the neighbourhoods that has undergone this transformation is ZoorAbad, situated on a hill near Tehran. The hill was designated as national public land in 1969, but due to industrial growth, poor people who migrated from villages to Tehran and its proximities were unable to afford formal housing prices so moved to ZoorAbad to build their own homes. In the 1990s, in line with the government's speculative approach towards land, the Iranian government developed an 'Improving Plan of ZoorAbad', aimed at demolishing this informal settlement. It led to the demolition of more than 4000 housing units and the forced displacement of settlers. The two main groups of residents in ZoorAbad—landowners and tenants—have had different capacities to reject the municipality's offer of purchase or to negotiate with the government. This piece illustrates how the government's market-oriented approach to address the housing issue in informal neighbourhoods such as ZoorAbad can lead to financial loss and reduced opportunities for local residents. It sheds light on the contemporary grassroot strategies used by the urban poor to address their housing needs in ZoorAbad and the dynamics, strategies and shifting dynamics among various groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world each year, large sums of money are expended in helping students access higher education institutions (HEIs), but there is remarkably little evidence to show whether this investment is effective or not. Here we use data from a UK university to investigate the relationship between financial support and the continuation of students beyond their first year of study. As a result of changing scholarship policies over the course of three years, a natural experiment was created that allowed us to investigate the effect of financial support on the rates of withdrawal of students from households with different incomes. Controlling for multiple demographic and attainment factors (age, gender, ethnic grouping, disability, nationality, household income, prior educational attainment, and local Higher Education participation rates), the data suggest that scholarships improved student retention, but principally for those students from households with low and intermediate incomes. Interestingly, the value of the scholarships, which varied from £500 to £3,000, did not have a measurable effect on withdrawal. We also found that some students who appeared to be eligible for a scholarship and would likely have benefited from it did not receive one, and we discuss the reasons why this might be so. These results have important implications for scholarship policies in Higher Education internationally; to maximise impact, scholarships should be awarded to those most in financial need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revisiting teacher quality gaps: Geographic disparities in access to highly effective teachers across Tennessee (New York University Working Paper). But more strategic investment in educator compensation may have better long-term benefits for compensating or recruiting more effective teachers or addressing teacher shortages in certain schools or subject matters (Pham et al., [17]). It may be a missed opportunity that teacher investments were not as integrated into ESSER funding guidelines and as foundational as technological investments. [Extracted from the article]

This article reviews the publication trends from a top-tier journal covering diverse and interdisciplinary topics related to critical food security research, challenges, and questions. We investigate the bibliometric characteristics of the intellectual structure of Global Food Security: Agriculture, Policy, Economics and Environment (GFS), a journal comprised of 311 scholarly documents published between 2012 and 2019. Various datasets are analyzed using standard bibliometric tools, including g-index, m-index, burst detection, and network analysis. The findings of the study indicate that GFS has exhibited promising growth. The number of publications published in GFS and their influence have seen a clearly rising trend year-by-year with contributors from across the globe. The analysis shows that GFS is well connected with other top-tier peer journals on the same subject. Our findings provide several useful insights into the research published in this premier journal about food security. We suggest that there is a need for special emphasis on studies dealing with ethical issues in social decisions on nutrition security as well as research addressing the implications of the globalization of trade in seafood for its access to low-income people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employment does not always guarantee sufficient income and a decent standard of living anymore. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between income poverty and material deprivation for employed and unemployed individuals across Europe. To do so, we focus on relevant mechanisms at the individual and institutional levels. We examine how economic, structural and institutional factors shape the relationship between employment, poverty and deprivation. We explore our subject using EU-SILC data from 2015 and cross-national macro-level data from the OECD, Eurostat and UNECE. According to our findings, employment is associated with a higher standard of living even among the poor and when controlling for savings and income level, which may point to the non-monetary benefits of employment. At the macro level, we show that the impact of employment on the living standard of the poor varies according to economic conditions and institutional settings. Our results suggest that policies that promote integration into the labour market without taking into account the quality of jobs and working conditions devalue gainful employment in terms of maintaining a decent standard of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the impacts of Livestock Asset Transfers on the livelihoods of the ultra-poor in West Bengal, India. The programme provides the female members of ultra-poor households with livestock assets as grants. We find that the intervention increases per capita monthly income by Rs 1061 (122% increase). It also increases the food expenditures of households and enables them to secure enough food to eat at least two meals a day. Furthermore, the programme also increases the number/amount of owned livestock assets, poultry, and cultivable lands amid the treatment households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses Latin American poor people's religious beliefs and practices, analysing particularly three of them: devotion, promise, and miracle. We argue that these three religious features are related to people's agency and can have impact on personal and community wellbeing. The data that support the analysis come from a case study in Buenos Aires based on two sources: 1. A questionnaire applied to a representative sample of Buenos Aires slum inhabitants. 2. In-depth interviews of women living in poor settlements. The theoretical discussions link the concept of popular religiosity as it is being addressed in Latin America, with approaches that emphasises agency. The main argument is that the bodily, emotonal, and relational aspects of religion, framed within a cosmological and holistic cultural matrix, shape poor people's agency with positive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty amongst families with a child with disability adversely impacts child and family quality of life. We aimed to identify existing approaches to livelihood support for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. This mixed-method study incorporated a scoping literature review and online stakeholder survey. We utilised the World Health Organization community-based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix as a guiding framework for knowledge synthesis and descriptively analysed the included articles and survey responses. We included 11 peer-reviewed publications, 6 grey literature articles, and 49 survey responses from stakeholders working in 22 countries. Identified programmes reported direct and indirect strategies for livelihood support targeting multiple elements of the CBR matrix; particularly skills development, access to social protection measures, and self-employment; frequently in collaboration with specialist partners, and as one component of a wider intervention. Self-help groups were also common. No publications examined effectiveness of livelihood support approaches in mitigating poverty, with most describing observational studies at small scale. Whilst stakeholders describe a variety of direct and indirect approaches to livelihood support for caregivers of children with disabilities, there is a lack of published literature on content, process, and impact to inform future programme development and delivery. Disability and poverty are interlinked, but little is known on approaches to livelihood support for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. Stakeholders report direct and indirect strategies for livelihood support targeting multiple livelihood elements; particularly skills development, access to social protection measures and self-employment; frequently in collaboration with specialist partners, and as one component of a wider intervention. Improved reporting of livelihood targeted activities inclusive of evaluation of feasibility, acceptability and impact would support wider implementation of effective livelihood programmes for caregivers of children with disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer an analysis of an important social movement challenging the fantasy of Christian nationalism: the new Poor People's Campaign, and specifically the rhetoric of the Bishop Dr. William J. Barber II. We argue that Barber's rhetoric represents a source of dissent against Christian nationalism through his strategic use of the jeremiad. Barber's progressive jeremiad offers a distinctively moral narrative that recovers the radical Christian legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ultimately, we argue that Barber's jeremiad advances a distinctive narrative of American national redemption through democratic renewal and reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial inclusion is defined as the availability of space and mobility for underprivileged people, as well as the physical closeness of different social groups. This study seeks to uncover the key components of spatial inclusion that increase social inclusion by investigating the links between spatial and social inclusion characteristics in South Korean cities and regions. A micro-dataset on personal health and social life, as well as other publicly available data, such as Census data are examined. The results suggest that increased spatial inclusion improves social inclusion of socially underprivileged people. However, the effects of each component of spatial inclusion are distinct. While housing affordability has mixed effects on different dimensions of social inclusion, an open settlement environment generally has a positive effect on social inclusion. The findings provide important implications for promoting social inclusion in cities and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research, as well as mainstream culture, may be too quick to label parenting young people of color (which we define as being under or near the age of 20 when having a child) as delinquent and "at risk". Using qualitative data, we offer anti-deficit framing surrounding students of color with children, highlighting the unique achievements of a set of "parent-strivers" despite the natural challenges of unexpectant parenthood. Our findings suggest that the parenting and academic identities of low-income people of color can be mutually beneficial and reinforced through positive schooling influences; we challenge the idea that education becomes a secondary priority after one becomes a parent. This paper answers the call for a better "articulation of agency" within exclusionary institutions. It contributes a rare acknowledgment of positive family outcomes to offset the concept of risk monopolizing the field and leaving us without support-oriented thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Africa is rapidly urbanizing, there is perhaps no other urban policy area more pressing than the elimination of slums along with the development of equitable access to affordable housing for low-income residents, which requires immediate attention. Ethiopia has taken on this challenge through its Integrated Housing Development Program (IHDP), a policy that incorporates slum clearance and resettlement through a government-led development of condominium housing targeting those displaced and other low- and middle-income households. However, construction of most condominiums has taken place at large-scale conglomerations on periphery of the city considered peri-urban. These sites are far from the city center where slum clearance took place and where most social and economic activity continue to be concentrated. Utilizing a survey instrument, this study examines the mediating effect of IHDP residents' perception of access to public, urban facilities, and transportation condition, two dimensions of spatial equity. The analysis found that those living at peri-urban IHDP sites perceive lower levels of spatial equity compared to urban IHDP condominium residents. Moreover, peri-urban residents' perception of spatial equity is a statistically significant mediating factor on the relationship between their location and lower levels of overall satisfaction living at their IHDP condominiums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructs a panel extended linear expenditure system (ELES) model that includes the theory of internal habit formation and expands the theoretical connotation of the original model. It also decomposes the dynamic evolution characteristics of Chinese urban residents' psychological and physiological needs among various consumption expenditures. It explains the partial causes of the time effect in the panel ELES model from consumer behaviour. We have obtained the following innovative conclusions after the empirical analysis of urban residents' consumption behaviour in different regions of China. First, urban residents have habit formation effects on seven types of consumption expenditure. Second, the timeliness of the psychological needs of various commodity expenditures differs between the eastern and mid-western region of China, and this difference has expanded since 2013. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the psychological needs for various commodity expenditures while having little impact on physiological needs. Finally, the study puts forward some policy recommendations, such as tapping the potential of commodity consumption with psychological needs growth, further enhance the cultivation of low-income people's consumption in the mid-western region, and implementing more detailed consumption supports with different regions' consumption preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]