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Background-- China is Lhc largesL producer and consLimcr of paper and paperboard in Lhc world. WiLh Lhc rapid devclopmcnL of Lhe paper indnsLry, cnvironmcnLal polluLion，especially waLcr consumpLion and waLer polluLion, is also accompanied. ITie fresh waLcr consumpLion acconnLs for abouL 8. 6% 〜8. 9% of Lhe na- Lional indiisLrial waLcr consumpLion, and iLs sewage discharge Lakes up abonL 13% 〜14% of Lhe naLional industrial was Lc waLer. Methods-- Based on Lhe panel daLa of paper indusLry in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province from 2008 Lo 2017，Lhc sLaLic ecological efficiency of Lhc Lwo provinces is analyzed by using Lhe SBM-DEA model of LinexpccLcd oiiLpiiL, and Lhc driving facLors of LoLal producLiviLy growLh in Lhc paper indiisLi'y arc dynamically analyzed by using Lhc ML index. ITicsc daLa arc mainly from China paper Yearbook (2008-2017). Results-- The rcsulLs show LhaL:①The average sLaLic ecological efficiency of paper indnsLry in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province arc 0. 91 and 0. 41 in Lhc pasL 10 years，which shows LhaL Lhe ecological efficiency of paper indnsLry in Shandong Province is significanLlv higher Lhan LhaL in Jiangsu Province. In addiLion, paper industries in Shandong have done a good job in boLh reducing cnvironmcnLal polluLion and improving economic onLpiiL. iLs high sLandard of cnvimnmcnLal rcgiilaLion leads Lo high ecological efficiency. Moreover, Lhc improv emenL poLenLial of Lhc five indie aLors of paper indiisLi'ics in Shandong is less Lhan 1%, which indicaLcs LhaL Lhc polluLion emission has been well conLmlled. llowcvcr，Lhc reasons for Lhc low ecological efficiency of paper indiisLi'ics in Jiangsu Province arc noL only Lhc excessive consumpLion of resources and Lhc discharge of pollii- LanLs，bnL also Lhe insufficiency of economic oiiLpnL, among which Lhe excessive discharge of COD and AM is Lhc primary i nil nene ing facLor.② The TFP of paper indnsLries in Shandong Province is obviously higher Lhan LhaL in Jiangsu Province. The gmvvLh of LoLal producLiviLy in Shandong paper indnsLries is due Lo Lhe improv emenL of MLTEC11, and mosL of Lhc paper cnLerpriscs in Shandong Province choose cnvironmcnLally sound Lcchnologv Lo achieve cnvironmcnLal rcgidaLions, and Lhcsc Lechnological innovaLions effeeLively improve Lhe ecological efricicncy of enLerprises. However， Lhe low TFP of paper indnsLries in Jiangsu is due Lo Lhc decline of MLTEC11. In reccnL veal's, some paper enLerprises in soiiLhcrn Jiangsu arc gradually shifLing Lo norLhern Jiangsu. Compared vviLh soiiLhcrn Jiangsu, which has more perfeeL polluLion conLrol faciliLies, Lhc paper indiisLry in JNorLhern Jiangsu is hound Lo form a larger cnvimnmcnLal polluLion load. Conclusions and Discussions-- This paper provides Lhe following Lhree siiggcsLions for Lhe dcvclopmcnL of paper indiisLi'y in Jiangsu Province. FirsLlv, Lhc paper indnsLry in Jiangsu Province should sLrengLhen Lhc supervision of Lhe discharge sLandards of paper-making wasLewaLer in Lhe norLh of Jiangsu Province, and Lhe en- Lcrpriscs should be rcgiilaLed according Lo Lhc rules LhaL fail Lo meeL Lhc discharge sLandards Lo rccLify or shiiL down in Lime. Secondly, Lhc paper indiisLi'y in Jiangsu Province should speed up Lhc pace of indLisLrial res Lr Lie Luring ,achieve scale effeeL and inLernalizc Lhe cosL of polluLion conLrol. And Lhc problem of raw maLerials in papermaking indnsLry should be paid more aLLenLion Lo. FnrLhermorc, Lhe access Lhreshold for enLerprises Lo enLer Lhc paper indnsLry and snpporL merger or rcorganizaLion needs Lo be enlarged. Thirdly，cleaner proclncLion Lechnologv Lo improve Lhe ecological efficiency of paper indiisLi'y should be vigorously promo Led in Jiangsu Province. Papermaking enLerprises need Lo be cncoLiraged Lo conLinnc Lo increase invcsLmcnL in cnvironmcnLal pro Lee Lion, research and devclopmcnL, and innovaLion of cleaner prodhcLion Lcchnologv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background--The domestic paper industry is facing the challenges of multiple factors, such as the complex and changeable economic situation at home and abroad, the decline of market demand and so on. The regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) agreement may become a new opportunity for development. Methods--By introducing institutional distance, this paper constructs the stochastic boundary gravity model and trade efficiency model of China's paper and paperboard export trade, and uses R software to study the influence of institutional distance on paper and paperboard export efficiency. Results--Institutional distance is one of the main factors affecting China's paper and paperboard export trade with RCEP countries. Different institutional distance will have different impact on China's paper and paperboard export to RCEP countries. Among them, the reduction of institutional distance in Property Right, Tax Burden and trade liberalization will hinder China's paper and paperboard export trade to RCEP countries. The reduction of institutional distance in monetary liberalization will help to expand China's paper and paperboard export trade with RCEP countries. While, the institutional distance between government expenditure and fiscal liberalization is not significant.②The influences of basic or common variables, such as the economic scales between China and sample countries, gross national income (GNI) of sample countries, the average years of education in sample countries, being adjacent to land, applying a common language, signing Free Trade Area Agreement with China and other basic or common variables on China's paper and paperboard export trade with RCEP countries, are in line with expectations and consistent with conventional researches. However, the distance factor has no significant impact on China's export trade of paper and paperboard to RCEP countries, and the scale of China's labor force has a significant positive impact.③China's export of paper and paperboard to RCEP countries is more efficient, and there is still great export potential in the future. There are obvious differences within RCEP countries. The efficiency and potential of China's paper and paperboard export trade to RCEP countries have obvious internal differences. Vietnam and Australia have high average export efficiency and a large proportion of export trade volume, which occupy an important position in China's paper and paperboard export trade to RCEP countries. Although the trade volume of India accounts for a large proportion, the average export trade efficiency of India is very low, which means that it faces great artificial restrictions and trade resistance. China's trade potential with Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia is closer to the actual trade volume, so it is necessary to explore new growth points of export trade. Conclusions and Discussions--It is suggested that the paper industry should actively support and promote RCEP negotiations, because the impact of the change of institutional distance on China's export trade of paper and paperboard in RCEP countries is generally greater than opportunities. RCEP agreement is conducive to reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers and promoting free trade, which may become a new development opportunity for the paper industry.②The paper industry is supposed to promote industrial transformation and upgrading as soon as possible, and strive to improve the added value of products.③It is necessary to understand the internal differences of RCEP countries and to adopt different trade strategies according to different situations. At the same time, it is best to target countries with high export efficiency, such as Australia and some ASEAN countries, to explore new trade growth points. And for the countries with great export potential, such as South Korea and Japan, it is proposed to reduce trade barriers and improve the efficiency of export trade. Finally, it is suggested to focus on the Indian market and further improve the openness of bilateral trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background-- With thc vigorous devctopmcnt of China's financiat indiistry, it is of great significance to stiidy thc impact of financing constraints on the qiiatitv of paper pindncts exported. ⑵ Methods-- Based on thc data of export qiiantity and cxport price in thc CEP11 BAC1, with post-rcverse mcthod, thc qiiatitv of China's paper prodncts exported in 2002-2016 is measured and thc characteristics of qiiatitv change arc anatyzed. In addition, a regression modet is cstattishcd to stiidv the impact of financing constraints on the qiiatitv of China's paper products exported. (8)Results-- It can be seen from meastirement rcsutts that the qiiatitv of China's paper prodncts exported has dectined stighttv, from 0. 581 in 2002 to 0. 573 in 2016, due to the stmcttirat change of China's paper export destinations. Fmm 2002 to 2010，the qiiatitv of paper prodncts exported shows a downward trend. In 2010 -2016, with the graduat recovery of the wortd economy, the qiiatitv of paper prodncts exported has graduatty increased ,biit it stitt faits to reach a high tevet. Prom thc regression rcsutts on thc impact of financing constraints on thc qiiatitv of paper prodncts exported, it's found that both internat and cxtcrnat financing constraints have an impact on the qiiatitv of paper prodncts exported. From the pcrspcctivc of externat financing, the impact of bank toan index variabtes on thc qiiatitv of exported paper prodncts is positivc, and thc regression cocfricicnt is 0. 194. The impact of commerciat credit constraint index variabtes on thc qiiatitv of paper prodncts exported is not significant, which shows that for cnteiprises, the source of bank credit funds is more stabtc, the targer thc scate of funds avaitabte，thc tonger the period of funds avaitabte, and a stabtc source of funds is more conducive to promo ting tcchnotogv research and devctopmcnt and improving thc qiiatitv of enterprises. From thc pcrspcctivc of in- tcrnat financing, thc impact of cash ftow index on the qiiatitv of paper pindiicts exported is positivc, with a regression cocfricicnt is 0. 132. The effect of thc paid in capitat indicator variabtes on the qnatity of China's paper prodncts exported is not significant. In addition, China's per capita income, per capita income of cxport destinations ,tabor costs, and R&D investmcnt att have significanttv promo ted the qiiatitv of China's exported paper pmdncts. The regression cocfficicnts arc 0. 314, 0. 149, 0. 387 and 0. 051, rcspcctivety. Finatty, foreign direct investmcnt has no significant impact on thc qiiatitv of Chinese paper prodncts exported. (4)Conclusions and Discussions-- In order to improve thc qiiatitv of cxport paper prodncts，thc government shoutd speed up the cons tine tion of the banking system and transform the financiat system dominated by statc-owned banks, Additionattv, we shoutd encourage the devctopmcnt of smatt and medium-sized banks, devetop the securities market and buitd a mutti-tevet financiat market system, so as to broaden thc financing channets for paper prodncts enterprises and creatc a good financiat envimnment. In addition, financiat ins ti tti tions shoutd continnc to innovate financiat prodncts, combining with the business modet of paper prodncts indnstrv and thc characteristics of different business tinks, and imptcment diffcrentiatcd financing methods. Besides, paper prodncts enterprises shoutd buitd an information sharing ptatform to improve the qiiatitv of information disctosure ,rcdtice financing costs and improve financing efficiency. What/s more, paper prodncts enterprises shoutd improve their credit tevet, strengthen thc management of tcadci's. Finatly, enterprises should increase technologv investmcnt, pay attention to tcchnologv research and devctopmcnt, and improve pindiict tcchnologv level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(l) Background--WheLher governmenL subsidy can promoLe Lhc exporL of enLerprises has always been a scicnLific issue concerned by Chinese scholars. Prom 1998 Lo 2013, paper-making indusLry was one of Lhc indus- Lrics LhaL enjoyed rclaLivclv more subsidy, and iLs exporL volume showed a Lrend of rapid growLh. lL is worLh in- vesLigaLing wheLher Lhc exporL expansion cffccL is caused by subsidy. ⑵ Methods--Based on Lhc unbalanced panel daLa of paper-making enLerprises from 1998 Lo 2013, 49 514 observaLions were obLained afLer excluding Lhc daLa of 2004 and 2009-2010. This paper consLrLicLcd a dynamic pan- fJ daLa model Lo show Lhe pei'sisLcncc of Lradc behavior of paper-making cnLcipriscs. Dynamic panel model docs noL climinaLc Lhc unobservable hcLcmgcncoLis effeeLs of cnLcipriscs, and oLher cxplanaLorv variables may have endogenous problems. Fixed-effeeL model or sLochasLic-effccL model will lead Lo model csLimaLion bias. Therefore，Lhis paper uses Lhc svsLem (:Generalized MeLhod of MomenLs (GMM) Lo esLimaLe Lhe dynamic panel daLa model. (8)Results--FirsL, Lhc LoLal subsidy income of paper-making enLerprises increased from ¥ 326 million HMB in 1998 Lo ¥ 1. 775 billion HMB in 2013, and Lhc average subsidy income of subsidized cnLcipriscs increased from 834. 7 Lhoiisand yuan Lo 2794. 7 Lhoiisand yuan. Moreover, in Lhc samples of Lhis paper, Lhc pro- porLion of subsidized enLerprises vviLh exporL business in 2010 - 2013 was as high as 60.53%，46.55% and 61. 66% rcspcc Lively. Second, in LoLal sample model, Lhc currenL subsidy income has no significanL promo Lion cffccL on Lhe currenL exporL of paper-making enLerprises, bnL Lhe lagging subsidy income has a significanL pmmo- Lion effecL on Lhc currenL exporL of paper-making cnLcipriscs (coefficienL is 0. 128), indicaLing LhaL Lhe governmenL subsidy has a lagging cffccL on Lhc exporL promo Lion of paper-making enLerprises and Lhis has been LesLed. Third，Lhe cffccL of governmenL subsidy on Lhc exporL of siisLaincd exporL enLerprises is noL significanL, and Lhe influence coefricienL of Lhc lagging subsidy income on Lhc exporL of disconLinnons exporL enLerprises is 0. 155, which indicaLcs LhaL governmenL subsidy is noL Lhc driving facLor for Lhc expansion of exporL scale of susLained exporL enLerprises, bnL is Lhc driving facLor for Lhc enLry of disconLinLions exporL enLerprises inLo Lhe exporL markeL. These rcsulLs show LhaL Lhe cosL compensaLion cffccL of governmenL subsidy can significanLlv increase Lhe exporL probabiliLv of paper-making enLerprises. FourLh, Lhc lagging subsidy income has a significanL impacL on Lhe exporL of pulp and paper making enLerprises (coeflicicnL is 0. 195), bnL has no significanL impacL on Lhc exporL of paper and paper prod Lie Ls enLerprises. The rcsulLs show LhaL Lhc governmenL subsidy has a significanL role in promo Ling Lhc exporL of capiLal and Lcchnology-inLcnsivc pulp and paper making enLerprises, while iL has no significanL role in Lhc exporL of labor-inLensive paper and paper prod Lie Ls enLerprises. (4)Conclusions and Discussions--1'irsL，for non-exporLing or disconLinnoHS exporLing enLerprises, Lhc paper indusLry depailmcnLs or associaLions should focus on helping Lhe Lvvo Lypes of cnLcipriscs rcdiice Lhe cosLs, risks and obsLacies of Lhc fit'sL (recovery) exporL, in order Lo improve Lhe exporL parLicipaLion raLc of paper- making enLerprises vviLh endogenous exporL power. Secondly, for conLinnoLis exporLing enLerprises, we should focus on subsidizing and siipporLing Lhem in enhancing inLernal managemenL, inLernaLional channel managemcnL, inLcrnaLional mat'keLing and oLher acLiviLies, which can help Lhem explore advanced managemenL meLhods and "unique" advantages raLher Lhan low-cosL advanLages, and build Lhe micro-foundaLion for snsLainalle exporL growLh of paper cnLcipriscs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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(1)Background-Carbon labeling, as an effective means for countries to achieve low-carbon goals, has become a passport for international trade. With the spread of green low-carbon concept and the development of forest economy, forest foods have become an important part of people' s diet consumption, and play an increasingly important role in sustainable food consumption and forestry economy. In the globalization of green development, consumers' ecological behaviors and forward-looking ecological education are of great significance to promote the sustainable development of China's ecological culture and ecological technology. Understanding the impact of environmental awareness on consumers' behaviors and its realization paths is helpful to cultivate consumers' ecological environmental awareness and promote the construction of ecological civilization. (2)Methods-Based on theoretical analysis, this paper proposed research hypotheses, and selected consumers ' purchase intention of low-carbon forest foods as the explained variable, consumers ' environmental awareness as the core explanatory variable, cognition of carbon label products as the mediating variable, trust in low-carbon products as the moderating variable, and individual characteristics as the control variables. The research data was collected from 559 valid questionnaires obtained from December 2023 to February 2024. This paper first studied the collinearity and correlation among the variables, then analyzed the impact mechanism of environmental awareness on consumers' purchase intention of forest food using the Ologit model, and tested the mediating effect of cognition of carbon label products and the moderating effect of trust in low-carbon products using the Bootstrap sampling method. Finally, the regression model was replaced by the Ologit model for robustness analysis, which provided data support for the conclusions. (3) Results-Environmental awareness has a positive impact on consumers' purchase intention of low- carbon forest foods. The more consumers pay attention to ecological issues, the more willing they are to buy low-carbon forest foods and pay extra for environmental protection. Consumers ' cognition of carbon label products plays an intermediary role between environmental awareness and consumers ' purchase intention of low-carbon forest foods. Trust in low-carbon products positively regulates the environmental awareness of consumers' purchase intention of low-carbon forest foods. In addition, gender, age, income and residential area also have a significant impact on consumers ' purchase intention of low-carbon forest foods. After considering the endogenous factors, there is still a significant positive correlation between environmental awareness and consumers' purchase intention of low-carbon forest foods. Therefore, there is reason to think that the results are robust. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward. First, vigorously advocate the concept of low-carbon consumption, gradually cultivate consumers' awareness of ecological environment and enhance the public' s sense of social responsibility in green consumption. Second, widely popularize the relevant knowledge of carbon labeling, so that more consumers can understand the meaning, necessity and benefits of carbon labeling, and closely link carbon emission reduction with people' s daily life, so as to improve the public' s attention, understanding and awareness of carbon label foods. Third, implement safety responsibilities of low-carbon products and enhance the level of trust in low-carbon products. The government should standardize the market order of carbon label products, strengthen market supervision, and improve the transparency of carbon labeling, so as to enhance consumers' trust and recognition of carbon label products, and help residents realize the transformation of green life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-The digital technology provides a new impetus and way for the integrated development of the forest tourism and rural revitalization. Discussing the strategies of the integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization in Fujian Province under the digital economy can provide more comprehensive theoretical support for the development of digital forest tourism in China. (2) Methods-Firstly, the integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization in economy, culture,ecology and social systems is theoretically analyzed.Secondly,combined with the digital practice cases in Fujian Province,five feasible models are summarized.Thirdly,the necessary conditions of the integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization under the digital economy are discussed. Finally,this paper puts forward the policies of promoting the integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization under the digital economy. (3)Results-This paper deeply studies the theoretical logic of the integration of forest tourism and rural revitalization,and constructs the corresponding theoretical framework. Digital technology is essential for the integrated development of forest tourismand rural revitalization.lt improves market operations and preserves forest cultural heritage .Additionally, it helps monitor ecological resources for sustainability and fosters social cohesiona-mong forest communities.The integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization in Fujian Province can adopt five models, including digital forest ecotourism model, personalized big data forest tour model, digital forest product e-commerce sales model, virtual forest ecological experience model and social media forest tourism promotion model. The necessary conditions for the integrated development of forest tourism and rural revitalization under the digital economy: building digital infrastructure, strengthening residents ' digital literacy and improving digital laws and regulations. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the integrated development policies of forest tourism and rural revitalization under the digital economy, which mainly include: First,digital economy policy.The government should formulate preferential tax policies to guide the digital technology enterprises to participate in rural revitalization and forest tourism. An innovation fund should be established to provide the necessary financial support .Second, industrial coordination policy.Establish a rural revitalization and forest tourism industry alliance, set up an industry sharing platform, and encourage cross-sectoral collaboration. Third,personnel training policy.Establish a professional training mechanism, set up a reward mechanism to encourage talents to participate in the cause of rural revitalization and forest tourism, Fourth, environmental protection policies.Establish strict environmental standards and regulatory systems,encourage enterprises to adopt environmentally friendly digital technologies by providing financial support and technological research and development incentives, and establish ecological compensation mechanisms. Fifth, cultural inheritance policy. Formulate relevant laws and policies to protect the uniqueness of local culture, support the application of digital technology in the field of cultural inheritance, and encourage the integration of local cultural elements into rural revitalization and forest tourism projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-Urban forest plays a positive role in alleviating the negative emotions brought about by urbanization and industrialization, and is of great significance to the improvement of public health and well-beings. The development and design of urban forest parks should not only pay attention to the needs of visitors, but also adapt to the actual changes in the needs of visitors. However, in the study of the application of urban forest parks, the relationship between visitor loyalty and environmental restoration effect has not been widely studied, and the analysis and explanation of the formation mechanism of visitor loyalty are also lacking. (2) Methods-Based on the restorative environment theory and cognitive attitude behavior theory (i.e. Knowledge--Attitude--Practice model), this paper puts forward the research hypothesis and constructs the structural equation model of "natural environment perception loyalty" of visitors to urban forest parks. The research data comes from a questionnaire survey of visitors to Hunan Botanical Garden from September to October 2023. Based on 404 valid questionnaires, this paper discusses the formation mechanism of visitor loyalty in urban forest parks and puts forward some feasible policy suggestions. (3) Results-First, the natural environment perception has a significant positive impact on the compatibility, mental distancing, physical distancing and infatuation of restorative environmental perception. Second, the compatibility, mental distancing and physical distancing have significant positive effects on the visitors' satisfaction. Third, the satisfaction of the visitors has a significant positive impact on their loyalty. Fourth, under the mediating role of restorative environment perception and satisfaction, the influence of natural environment perception on visitor loyalty plays a role through three paths: the one is through the chain mediating effect of compatibility perception and satisfaction, the other is through the chain mediating effect of mental distancing perception and satisfaction, and the third is through the chain mediating effect of physical distancing perception and satisfaction. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-In order to give full play to the restoration effect of urban forest parks environment and meet people' s demand for a better life, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, Attach importance to the overall construction of restorative environment in the parks and products development. In the management and development of urban forest parks, special attention should be paid to the cultivation of compatibility, mental distancing and physical distancing perception. Second, in the management process of urban forest parks, adhere to the construction principles of nature-orientation, distinctive characteristics and harmonious coexistence. Fully respect the laws of nature and put protection first. The materials, colors, styles and sizes of the infrastructure and buildings should be appropriate to the natural environment. At the same time, pay attention to communication and interaction with the public and actively listen to public opinions and suggestions. Third, improve the quality of recreational facilities in urban forest parks. Pay attention to the layout and design of the recreation facilities in the parks, constantly update the recreation facilities in the parks, strengthen the construction of the roads, bridges, seats, lighting and other infrastructure in the parks, and increase the cultural, educational and entertainment facilities in the parks to enhance the public' s sightseeing experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-Realizing coordinated development of ecology and economy has become a new driving force for improving the quality of green economy development and promoting modernization. The existing researches are more inclined to make a single evaluation of the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in a specific period, lack the judgment of the long-term change trend of this relationship and the discussion on the specific issues such as the change of forestry policies and the optimization of forestry systems according to the trend. (2) Methods-The paper first analyzed the rationality and necessity of the coordinated development of high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy. Then, from the perspective of synergy between high-level protection and high-quality development, this paper evaluated the effect of high-level protection of forestry ecology and the level of high-quality development of forestry economy from 2007 to 2021 by using ecological footprint model and entropy method, and identified the types of synergistic relationship between the two through coupling coordination degree model. Finally, the gray prediction model was used to predict and analyze the coupling coordination degree between them. (3) Results-First, from 2007 to 2021, Chinas forestry ecosystem has always been in a state of ecological surplus and strong sustainability, and has achieved positive results in the construction of forestry ecology. Second, the development level of China s forestry economy shows a fluctuating growth trend on the whole from 2007 to 2021. Factor driving force has a significant long-board effect on the high-quality development of forestry economy, while environmental carrying capacity has a significant short-board effect on the high-quality development of forestry economy. The policy of reducing logging and limiting logging, especially the policy of "prohibiting logging", has had a certain impact on the high-quality development of forestry economy in a certain period of time. Third, from 2007 to 2021, the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China continues to improve, and the coupling development effect between the two is better than the coordinated development effect. Fourth, it is predicted that by 2030, the syner-gistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China will maintain an excellent level of coordinated development for a long time. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-The level of high-quality development of China s forestry economy shows a trend of fluctuating growth on the whole. Factor driving force and environmental carrying capacity have significant long-board and short-board effects on the level of high-quality development of forestry economy, respectively. In addition, forest logging reduction and limiting, especially the policy of "forbidden logging", have caused a certain impact on the development of forestry economy in a certain period of time. With the improvement of the level of forestry ecological industrialization, the impact of this kind of impact is gradually alleviated. The synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy continues to improve. It is predicted that by 2030, the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China will maintain an excellent level of coordinated development for a long time. In order to achieve overall and balanced development, it is necessary to pay attention to and support the transformation and upgrading of forestry economy and promote the cultivation and development of forestry ecological economy. Under the premise of consolidating the effect of forestry ecological protection, we must adhere to the development concept of green economy, explore the new impetus for the transformation and upgrading of forestry economy, and deepen the practice paths of forestry ecological industrialization innovation, so as to continuously improve the synergistic relationship between forestry ecological protection and forestry economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-After the implementation of the policy of completely banning the logging of natural forests, the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province are faced with the dilemma of lack of pillar industries and slow economic growth.The development of biomass energy industry helps to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the forest areas, promote the coordinated development of"ecology-economy-society",and implement the policy of" dual carbon" goal. (2) Methods-Based on the analysis paradigm of DPSIR theoretical model,this paper analyzed the evolution mechanism of the development of biomass energy industry from the perspective of" cause-effect",and put forward the research hypotheses. The research data were panel data of the key state-owned forest areas in Hei-longjiang Province from 2005 to 2017,which were mainly collected from" Compilation of Comprehensive Statistical Data of Heilongjiang Forest Industry","China Forestry Statistical Yearbook","Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook",statistical data of China Longjiang Forest Industry Group, " Heilongjiang Ecological and Environmental Status Bulletin",and statistical bulletins on national economic and social development of 10 cities.Then,the paper used PLS-SEM to verify the hypotheses and clarified the effect paths of the development of biomass energy industry. On this basis,it constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system for the development of biomass energy industry, and identified the main obstacle factors affecting the development of biomass energy industry by using the obstacle degree model. (3)Results-First,the biomass energy industry system of the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province was interconnected and interlinked, and the development of biomass energy industry and economic and social development of the forest areas promoted each other,forming three effect paths of "driving force--^pressure --Estate-->impact","response--^driving force" and "response--impact".Second,from 2005 to 2017,the obstacle factors of the development of biomass energy industry in the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province changed in stages.The obstacle factors were mainly from the state dimension from 2005 to 2011,and the impact dimension from 2011 to 2017.Third,from 2005 to 2017,the main obstacle factors for the development of biomass energy industry in the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province were unevenly distributed in the criterion layer,and the low technical level restricted the development of biomass energy industry.Fourth,from 2005 to 2017,the main obstacles for the development of biomass energy industry in the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province had a concentrated trend.In 2005,the total obstacle degree of the top five obstacle factors was 22. 25 percent,and it increased to 47. 05 percent in 2017. (4)Conclusions and Discussions-The biomass energy industry in the key state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province has made certain progress, but the development is still restricted and has not yet formed large-scale development.In the future, we should focus on the following two aspects: On one hand, technological innovation is the internal motivation and core path of the development of biomass energy industry. On the other hand,policy support is a key influencing factor for the development of biomass energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-How to steadily increase the income of low-income rural households and narrow the income gap of rural households through ecological protection and restoration projects is related to the sustainable development of ecological protection and restoration projects. It is necessary to analyze the impact of the project of returning farmland to forest on the income gap of rural households from a new perspective of the income increase and common prosperity effect of ecological projects, so as to provide a basis for the income increase effect of ecological protection and restoration projects and promote common prosperity. (2) Methods-This paper first proposed the research hypotheses based on the literature review and theoretical analysis. Then, based on the large-scale micro-sample data of 3 231 sample rural households from 25 provinces in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Database from 2011 to 2020, Using the Recentered Influence Function ( RIF) model, this paper analyzed the impact of the project of returning farmland to forests on the income gap of rural households and its multi-dimensional heterogeneity characteristics. (3) Results-First, the project of returning farmland to forests has significantly increased the rural households ' income and narrowed the income gap between the rural households. The Gini coefficient decreased by 3.078 for every l% increase in the subsidy for returning farmland to forests. After replacing the explained and explanatory variables, the Gini coefficient remains stable. Second, the income gap of the rural households who returned farmland to forests was smaller than that of the rural households who did not return farmland to forests, and their income quantile range and Gini coefficient were significantly lower than those who did not return farmland to forests. Third, the effect of the project of returning farmland to forests on narrowing the income gap of the rural households who continuously returned farmland to forests was greater than that of the rural households who did not continuously return farmland to forests. Fourth, the impact of the project of returning farmland to forests on the farmers with lower education was more obvious than that of the farmers with higher education. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-First, pay attention to the effect of the subsidy for returning farmland to forests to increase the rural households' income, give full play to the social security role of the subsidy (or returning farmland to forests, and appropriately raise the subsidy standards. Second, increase the attention and support for the low-income rural households, the rural households who returned farmland to forests on a larger scale and other groups with weak income growth, promote the development assistance and public policies, and further improve the relevant policies of the project of returning farmland to forests. Third, appropriately extend the subsidy period, while combining the local natural ecological conditions and resource factors endowment, encourage the farmers to plant economic forests. Fourth, implement the distribution policy of subsidies for returning farmland to forests in a targeted manner, and strengthen the agricultural technology training and employment guidance for the farmers with low education levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--In order to ensure the supply safety of the wood forest products in China, it is necessary to study the resistance and resilience of the global trade network of wood forest products to cope with the impact. By comparing the resilience characteristics of the trade networks of resource-based wood forest products and deep-processed wood forest products, it is helpful to formulate targeted policies and risks coping strategies for wood forest products trade, so as to ensure the safety of China's wood forest products supply and demand and the sustainable development of global wood forest products trade in the future. (2) Methods--This paper firstly analyzed the resilience of the trade network of wood forest products statically according to three indicators of network density, average clustering coefficients and average path length, and then analyzed the resilience of the trade network of wood forest products dynamically by using the interruption simulation technique. The resilience of the trade network of resource-based wood forest products and deep-processed wood forest products was compared from the static and dynamic aspects by using the data from the UN-Comtrade Database, and the changing characteristics under different attack conditions were obtained. Finally, this paper discussed the ability of two kinds of trade networks of wood forest products to withstand the shocks. (3) Results--The number of nodes in the trade of resource-based wood forest products and deep-processed wood forest products gradually increases. The density value of the global trade network of wood forest products is relatively low. However, the density values show a steady growth trend. From the perspective of aggregation, the degree of aggregation within the trade network of wood forest products is gradually increasing and tends towards collectivization, which helps to enhance the ability of wood forest products network to resist risks. Countries with rich trade links often also play an important role as the transit points for trade. Compared with other commodities, the trade networks of resource-based and deep-processed wood forest products are relatively fragile in terms of resilience. The core nodes of the trade network of wood forest products are more important, and when these core countries are attacked, the performance of the trade network declines faster, and the trade network is difficult to recover. Compared with the trade network of resource-based wood forest products, the trade network of deep-processed wood forest products not only performs better in connectivity, transitivity and aggregation, but also shows higher recovery efficiency and maintenance ability after the shocks, but it is inferior to the trade network of resource-based wood forest products in anti-interference. Of all the negative factors for trade in wood forest products, deliberate attacks, such as trade disputes and political conflicts between major powers, outweigh random factors such as natural disasters and supply chain disruptions. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The resilience of the trade network of resource-based wood forest products is much lower than that of the trade network of deep-processed wood forest products. The transitivity of the trade network of wood forest products is good, which will help to improve the efficiency of the trade network. The trade network of deep-processed wood forest products has higher recovery efficiency, but it is inferior to the trade network of resource-based wood forest products in anti-interference. In terms of network efficiency, the importance of nodes is far greater than that of edges, and the importance of maintaining the stability of trade of wood forest products between participating countries is far greater than maintaining trade relations between the two countries. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the resilience construction of the trade network of wood forest products and ensure the reliability of network nodes, optimize the structure of the trade network of wood forest products and ensure the substitution of network nodes, and strengthen cooperation among trading countries and develop contingency plans to guard against trade network risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forest is a kind of high-quality ecological resource. Forest ecological products have multiple values such as material supply, ecological regulation, health care in tourism, scientific research and education. The value evaluation of forest ecological products is an important measure to practice the "Two Mountains" theory, promote the transformation of "Two Mountains" and rural revitalization, and realize the harmonious development of man and nature. At present, the relevant research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas mainly includes the value progress of forest ecological products and the service function of forest ecosystem, etc. The research on the value evaluation of forest ecological products in karst mountain areas has not been reported. This paper discusses the value evaluation and realization paths of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas of Guizhou Province, which is of great significance for economic decision-making, ecological protection, green sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in karst mountain areas. (2) Methods--This paper took Guizhou Province, which has typical karst mountain features, as the re search object. Based on the survey and statistical data from 2020 to 2022, the paper constructed an accounting system for the gross forest ecosystem product by using the literature research method, evaluated the value of forest ecological products in Guizhou province by using the gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting method, and put forward the paths to realize the value of forest ecological products in typical karst mountain areas. (3) Results--First, from 2020 to 2022, the total value of forest ecological products (FGEP) in Guizhou Province showed a rising trend, rising from 2 752.758 billion yuan in 2020 to 2 919.637 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 6.06%, which was 1.5 times the GDP in the same period. Second, the value of forest material supply services and forest regulation services increased by 29.826 billion yuan and 90.998 billion yuan, respectively, with an increase rate of 22.68% and 7.85%. From 2020 to 2021, the value of forest cultural services increased by 85.707 billion yuan, an increase of 45.71%. Affected by the epidemic and the mode of economic development, the value of forest cultural services showed a declining trend from 2021 to 2022. Third, in the different functions of forest regulation service, the sum of climate regulation value, soil conservation value and water conservation value accounted for more than 90% of the total value of forest regulation service. Fourth, the forest ecological products value (FEPV), forest ecological regulation value (FERV) and forest ecological culture value (FECV) accounted for 4.78%~5.86%, 88.41%~95.35% and 4.85%~9.92% of the total value, respectively, showing the characteristics of FERV>FECV>FEPV. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, improve the FGEP evaluation index system of forest ecological products and the value realization mechanism. 3S technology, Internet of Things and other digital technologies are used to collect relevant data in the forest ecological product catalog list. Establish a diversified carbon sinks trading mechanism, and improve the forest ecological compensation mechanism. Second, continue to strengthen the protection and restoration of forest ecology, and improve the realization rate of the value of forest ecological products. Strengthen the protection of forest ecosystems in karst mountain areas. Provide relevant training and technical sup port to the community residents. Strengthen technological innovation and technology application of enterprises to improve the quality and efficiency of forest ecological products. Third, develop the forestry ecological industry to help the transformation of forest ecological resources into ecological assets. Combine ecological environmental protection with forestry industry development. Establish karst forest parks and develop ecological tourism. Construct the characteristic industrial system of understory economy based on the resource endowment of Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the construction of a healthy China, stressing that ensuring the health of the people should be placed in a strategic position of priority development. Forest health care is a new industry that aims at public health and is beneficial to human physical and mental health, and is an effective way to realize the national "big health" strategy. (2) Methods--Based on the abundant forest resources in Taiyuan City, this paper first constructed a scientific and effective evaluation framework for the suitability of the location selection of forest health care base. On the basis of summarizing relevant cases and combining with the actual needs of target customers, this paper selected 17 evaluation factors from two aspects of the natural ecological functions and the socio-economic attributes of forest health care base. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert scoring method were used to determine the weight of each factor. Based on GIS platform and weighted summation model, the suitability of the location selection of forest health care base in Taiyuan City was visually analyzed. (3) Results--The location selection range of forest health care base in Taiyuan City is finally divided into four areas; suitable area, more suitable area, less suitable area and unsuitable area. The total area suitable for the location selection of forest health care base is 3 994. 52km², accounting for 47. 76% of the total area of Taiyuan City, among which the total area of suitable area is 1 444.05km², accounting for 21. 10%, and the more suitable area is 2 550. 47km², accounting for 26. 66%. The total area unsuitable for the location selection of forest health care base is 3 574. 50 km², accounting for 52. 24% of the total area of Taiyuan City, among which the total area of less suitable area is 2 392. 14 km, accounting for 34. 96%, and the area of unsuitable area is 1 182. 36 km², accounting for 17. 28%. According to the evaluation results of the location selection of forest health care base in Taiyuan City, the location selection of 59 forest health care bases are finally delimited with suitable area and more suitable area as the location selection range, and the spatial layout with Wanbolin District and the suburbs of Jinyuan District as the two core areas is formed. This result is basically consistent with the planning scope in the Overall Plan for the National Forest City Construction in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province (2020-2035), which shows that the evaluation system and the evaluation results are reasonable and scientific. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--On the whole, Taiyuan City has a certain potential for the development of forest health care industry, and the layout of the location selection of forest health care base has a certain selection range. The regional characteristics of the best location selection are relatively obvious, and the distribution is concentrated in the scope of the existing forest parks and the suburbs of the city. Through the comparison of single impact factor evaluation, it can be found that there is a certain correlation between landscape aesthetics and traffic convenience. The higher the accessibility area, the wider the visibility area of the regional landscape, and the higher the suitability of location selection of forest health care base. Therefore, we should strengthen the traffic construction in Taiyuan City. The evaluation system and results can provide concrete and scientific basis for the future construction planning of Taiyuan forest health care base, and also provide theoretical reference for the scientific location selection of forest health care base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The forest tourism industry and the elderly care industry influence and support each other in terms of resource factors, industrial layout and policy linkage, which lays the foundation for the coupling and coordinated development of the two industries. In recent years, forest tourism has been vigorously developed in Northeast China, while population aging has been deepening. Exploring the coupling and coordination law between the forest tourism industry and the elderly care industry in Northeast China can provide theoretical reference and decision support for the coordinated development of the two industries. (2) Methods--The research data in this paper were mainly from "China Statistical Yearbook", "China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook", "China Forestry and Grassland Statistical Yearbook", as well as the statistical communiques on the national economic and social development of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces during 2013-2022. This paper firstly constructed an evaluation indicator system for the development level of the forest tourism industry and elderly care industry. Then, the entropy method was used to measure the weight of each indicator, and the linear weighting method was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation values of the two industrial subsystems. Finally, the coupling coordination degree model was used to calculate the degree of mutual influence of the two industries in Northeast China and determine the coupling and coordinated development status of the two subsystems. (3) Result--First, the average of the overall development index of the forest tourism industry in Northeast China is 0.4911, which is significantly higher than the comprehensive development index of the elderly care industry 0.375 8. Second, on the whole, the coupling coordination degree of the forest tourism industry and elderly care industry in Northeast China is low, and the coupling coordination degree of the two industries has changed from the near imbalance stage to the mild imbalance stage. Third, there are obvious differences in the coupling coordination degree of the two industries in different provinces. According to the grade standard of coupling coordination degree, it can be seen that the coupling coordination degree of the two industries in Heilongjiang Province is at the critical coordination level, the coupling coordination degree of the two industries in Liaoning province is at the near imbalance level, and that of the two industries in Jilin Province is at the moderate imbalance level. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, change the development concepts, attach importance to the coupling development between industries and the top-level design and overall planning of the two industries. Encourage the use of forest ecological resources to develop tourism, strengthen the construction of scenic spot infrastructures, improve the elderly forest tourism industry system, clarify industry norms, and formulate a standard system and supervision system. Second, deepen the supply-side structural reform, guided by industrial demand. Build a full-chain forest tourism and health care service system for the elderly, strengthen the construction of high-quality forest tourism scenic spots and summer resorts, and create high-quality forest tourism routes suitable for the elderly. Third, based on advantageous industrial resources, promote industrial optimization and coordinated development. The high-quality resources of the forest tourism industry will accurately cover the growing elderly group, extend the industrial value chain, and build an industrial supply and demand service platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Ecological compensation is the compensation for the positive externalities of forest re sources exerting ecological benefits, and it is an important content of ecological civilization construction. The ecological compensation system of China' s public welfare forest is an important policy tool to realize the value of forest ecological products. The existing studies mainly discuss the ecological benefits of ecological compensation policies and the economic and social benefits of ecological compensation systems, but few studies analyze the historical evolution and existing problems of the ecological compensation system of China' s public welfare forest. (2) Methods--In this paper, qualitative policy analysis and quantitative data evaluation were used to re view the legislative milestones and academic discourses of the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest in detail. Using the framework of "historical logic-practice exploration-realistic dilemma-paths exploration", this paper systematically analyzed the historical evolution, current dilemma and paths selection of the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest. (3)Results--From the perspective of historical evolution, the ecological compensation system of China's public welfare forest has experienced four stages; the initial stage (1956-1993), the exploration stage (1994- 2003), the promotion stage (2004-2015) and the deepening stage (2016-present). From the perspective of practical exploration, the ecological compensation standard of China's public welfare forest is gradually improving, and at the same time, it is gradually promoting classified compensation and exploring market-oriented ecological compensation and diversified ecological compensation. From the perspective of current dilemma, the ecological compensation standard of China's public welfare forest is single and relatively low, and the channels for raising compensation funds are narrow. At the same time, due to policy restrictions and management challenges, the self-financing ability of China's public welfare forest is also weak. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are proposed: First, adjust the compensation standard of public welfare forest dynamically according to price changes, economic inflation and other factors to arouse the enthusiasm of forest farmers. Second, explore classified compensation methods for public welfare forest. Increase the classification compensation of key ecological locations, widen the gap in the amount of classification compensation, and implement classification compensation according to different ownership, so as to improve the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation sys tem. Third, construct the financing channels of diversified compensation. Promote the positive interaction between protectors and limiters, establish horizontal ecological compensation funds between regions, and include ecological public welfare forest in the forestry carbon sinks projects. Fourth, optimize the management mode of public welfare forest. It mainly includes innovating the renewal and transformation methods of public welfare forest, exploring the mode of sharing shares of public welfare forest, encouraging the pledge loan of the compensation in come rights of public welfare forest, and increasing special funding support for areas that use public welfare forest to develop understory economy and forest tourism, so as to improve the self-compensation ability of public welfare forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——Forestry carbon sinks value in collective forest areas is of great significance for promoting farmers’ employment and income and constructing ecological civilization. However, from the current market transactions of forestry carbon sinks value in collective forest areas, the realization scale of forestry carbon sinks value is far from the expected level. How to give full play to forestry carbon sinks value has become a focus of current research. Based on the whole process of the realization of forestry carbon sinks value, this paper analyzes the internal reasons for the failure of forest carbon sinks value in the collective forest areas, constructs the crossing mechanism of “death valley” of forestry carbon sinks value and the evaluation indicators system of the realization level of forestry carbon sinks value based on this mechanism. ⑵ Methods——On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructed an evaluation indicators system of the realization level of forest carbon sinks value from two dimensions of carbon sequestration guarantee mechanism and market guarantee mechanism. The research data were the relevant data of the 9 prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province from 2016 to 2020. The evidence reasoning method was used to integrate the indicators, and finally, the realization level of forestry carbon sinks value in the 9 prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province during 2016—2020 was evaluated from two perspectives of time and space. ⑶ Results——First, the transformation process of forestry carbon sinks from public value to market value is a non-unidirectional, multi-agent, multi-link and non-linear process with temporal and spatial interaction and cyclic correlation. It is affected by the limiting factors of value realization that reduce the willingness of the forest farmers from both the supply group and the demand group, thus making the transformation process difficult to realize. Second, as the realization of forest carbon sinks value in the collective forest areas is trapped in the “death valley”, the reform of collective forest rights system and other related guarantees such as forestry market and financial policies will help forestry carbon sinks value to cross the “death valley”, thus completing the transformation from public value to market value. Third, from the perspective of various indicators, the realization level of forestry carbon sinks value in the 9 prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province from 2016 to 2020 is quite different, and there is no regions with both high carbon sinks and high market at the same time. The carbon sequestration level of the key collective forest areas such as Nanping, Sanming and Longyan is relatively high, ranking the top three for five consecutive years, while the market level of the areas with higher economic development level such as Quanzhou and Fuzhou is relatively high, ranking the top three for five consecutive years. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The realization level of forestry carbon sinks value in the 9 prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province has the characteristics of great difference, imbalance and diversification among cities, and the overall realization level needs to be improved. In order to improve the realization level of forestry carbon sinks value in the collective forest areas represented by Fujian Province, the following two policy suggestions are put forward: First, for the supply group, we shouldcontinue to deepen the reform of “separation of three rights”, in order to solve the realistic dilemma of the supply group of forestry carbon sinks. Second, for the demand group, we should continue to improve the market mechanism of the forestry carbon sinks trading, in order to solve the realistic dilemma of the demand group of forestry carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——Preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale is the primary task to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and forest areas are one of the main battlefields to prevent returning to poverty on a large-scale. Preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas is of great significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development. At present, there are still the risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas due to the factors such as social economy, unexpected environment and fragility of the main body. Resilient governance is a new concept of risk governance. The resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas can help to prevent and resolve the risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale, stimulate their endogenous driving force for development, and enhance their self-development ability. ⑵ Methods——First of all, this paper systematically clarified the potential risk factors of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas by induction method, which provided a theoretical basis for the resilient governance of preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale. Then, this paper theoretically constructed the mechanism framework of the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas. Finally, in view of the potential risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale, this paper put forward the resilient governance strategies of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas. ⑶ Results——First, there are three kinds of potential risk factors of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas: macro-economy, unexpected environment and fragility of the main body. The macro-economy mainly includes the risk of forestry industry supply chain, the problem of rural hollowing out and the trade barrier of forest products. The unexpected environment mainly includes extreme meteorological disasters, geological disasters, biological disasters and other natural environmental risks and sudden diseases. The vulnerability of the main body mainly includes the self-development ability and endogenous driving force of the poverty-alleviated households. Second, based on the connotation of the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale, this paper constructs a mechanism framework for the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale from three dimensions: resistance and resilience, adaptation and transformation, learning and reengineering, namely, “all-capital resilience coupling-all-factor resilience interaction-whole-process resilience cycle”. Through the establishment of a resilient governance system with the organic integration of all capital, all factors and whole process, a resilient community of risk sharing and development participation is formed. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, build a community of resilient governance to enhance the subject resilience of the poverty-alleviated households and the governance resilience of the government. It is necessary to effectively guide the poverty-alleviated households to take the initiative to improve their self-development ability, their skills and re-creation ability through continuous re-education. The government should establish a dynamic response mechanism for the whole process and strengthen the application of intelligent emergency management. Second, establish a long-term guarantee mechanism to enhance the resilience of industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——The “Two Mountains” theory is the inherent requirement of ecological civilization construction and green development. Since the implementation of collective forest rights system reform, scholars have used various perspectives and methods to analyze the institutional changes and policy effects of the reform. In the new development stage, how to achieve high-quality development in the reform of the collective forest rights system, how to combine the effect of reform, revitalization effect and common prosperity effect, systematically focus on people’s livelihood and hope, and build a new pattern of the collective forest rights system reform and high-quality development in the new journey of modernization still need to be deeply explored. ⑵ Methods——The research data mainly comes from official statistics released by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration on the area of collective forestland and the number of people involved. The research methods mainly include literature review and qualitative analysis. The paper first analyzes the essence and embodiment of the “Two Mountains” theory, and then analyzes the effectiveness and problems of the collective forest rights system reform. Finally, on the basis of expounding the principles of constructing the new pattern of collective forest rights system reform, this paper puts forward the development paths of the new pattern of collective forest rights system reform. ⑶ Results——The “Two Mountains” theory is the unity of ecological environment protection and social and economic development, and in essence, protecting the ecological environment is to protect and develop productive forces. The reform of collective forest rights system has achieved some results, which has greatly increased the forest coverage rate and developed the value of forest ecosystem services. At the same time, it has also increased the value of forestry production and the farmers’ incomes. In spite of this, there are still some problems in the reform of collective forest rights system, the productivity of collective forestland has not been fully released, and the comprehensive benefit of collective forestry is still not high. Three principles should be adhered to in constructing the new pattern of collective forest rights system reform, namely, the principle of systematic thinking, the principle of innovation leading and science first, the principle of respecting farmers’ will and protecting farmers’ rights and interests. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following development paths of the new pattern of the collective forest rights system reform: First, collective forest rights system reform should give impetus to the promotion of rural revitalization. The reform of the collective forest rights system should effectively share and win through cross-border cooperation, etc, and at the same time, the importance of forest rights in rural revitalization should be enhanced through reform. Second, the reform of collective forest rights system can build a good platform for promoting common prosperity. The ecological resources of forestry are the advantages and potential of realizing the common prosperity of rural areas, and the key point of promoting the common prosperity is to transform resources into assets. Third, the reform of collective forest rights system can make new contributions to promoting the construction of ecological civilization. We should continue to explore the practical mode of “Two Mountains” transformation, and improve the reform of the collective forest rights system to achieve coordinated development of the environment, economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——General Secretary Xi Jinping introduced the concept of “carbon pool” to the functions of forests, deepening the strategic position of forests in coping with climate change and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. Forest “carbon pool” not only brings ecological benefits such as emission reduction, increase in carbon sinks and environmental protection, but also contains important economic benefits. However, the current research on forest “carbon pool” focuses more on its ecological effects, and there are few studies on how to play the synergistic effect of ecological and economic benefits of forest “carbon pool”. How to coordinately develop ecology and economy through forest “carbon pool” and make “carbon pool” become “money pool” has become a research topic of important practical significance, and also has important research value for opening up the transformation channel of “clear waters and green mountains” and “mountains of gold and silver”. ⑵ Methods——This paper firstly analyzes the research status of the economic value of forest “carbon pool” and the important significance of realizing the economic value of forest “carbon pool”. Then, based on the external effect, marginal effect value, public goods, property rights and other related theories, this paper analyzes the realization mechanism of the economic value of forest “carbon pool” and concludes the logical framework of its ecological value and economic value circulation. At the same time, using this logical framework, this paper analyzes the “Fujian experience” and sums up the important experience logic. Finally, in order to better promote the realization of the economic value of forest “carbon pool”, some policy suggestions are put forward. ⑶ Results——First, the realization of the economic value of forest “carbon pool” has important practical significance, which helps to build a new pattern of ecological construction, open up a new path of green development and promote the new efficiency of group income increase. Second, through the analysis of the realization mechanism of the economic value of forest “carbon pool”, it can be found that, on one hand, the logical mechanism of realizing the economic value of forest “carbon pool” can be summarized as the process of “identification-definition-operation-exchange-feedback”, and the conversion mechanism of its ecological value and economic value is the value circulation process of forest realizing “carbon pool-money pool-carbon pool”. On the other hand, the benign value realization path can promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the forest “carbon pool”, and play a higher quality and more efficient role in carbon sinks increase. Third, the summary of “Fujian experience” shows that the realization of the economic value of forest “carbon pool” can open up diversified transformation channels in four aspects: “trading system”, “financial innovation”, “management intermediary” and “value-added function”. At the same time, the increase and efficiency of transformation channels will promote the realization of the economic value of forest “carbon pool” and promote the efficient and sustainable development of carbon sinks market. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, implement stock optimization and quality improvement on the basis of expanding increment, strengthen the rationality of the top-level design of carbon sinks methodology, and promote the application of digitization and intelligence in the whole process of forest “carbon pool” and its value realization. Second, promote the effective value exchange and flow between “carbon sinks highlands” and “economic highlands”, and strengthen the linkage and co-construction between provinces and cities. Third, actively explore the growth point of realizing the new value of forest “carbon pool”, and fully consider the non-carbon effects of forest “carbon pool” on vegetation and biological systems. Fourth, carbon sinks trading should gradually open up to a broader bottom main bodies, expand the overall utilization and development of the bottom scattered resources, and strengthen support for the development of third-party services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——Developing forestry industry is an important way to broaden farmers’ employment channels, promote farmers’ income increase, and realize rural industry revitalization. Promoting the development of forestry industry clusters is an important development directions of forestry industry. The functions of scale economy, knowledge and technology spillover effect and technological innovation of forestry industry clusters can solve the key problems in the development of forestry industry. Many scholars have analyzed the realization paths, growth models and cluster motivation of industry clusters, and thought that resource endowment, scale economy, labor market, regional economic development level, infrastructure and other factors have an important impact on forestry industry clusters. However, these studies lack empirical support. ⑵ Methods——In this paper, 175 cities in 21 provinces（except Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Xizang, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia), which are among the top 95% of forestry industry output value in 2022, are taken as the research samples. Based on the theory of forestry industry cluster, this paper firstly constructs the index system to measure the level of forestry industry clusters. Then, using the sample data from 2005 to 2020, the index of forestry industry clusters is calculated to explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of forestry industry clusters. Finally, the fixed effect SDM model is used to analyze the influencing factors of spillover effects and the attenuation boundary characteristics of different urban agglomerations. ⑶ Results——The forestry industry cluster in China presents the spatial distribution of partial concentration, overall dispersion, southeast coastal-southwest-northeast concentrated, and central dispersed, and forms the forestry industry clusters represented by Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration, Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, southeast coastal urban agglomeration, southeast Guangxi urban agglomeration. The spatial spillover effect of the forestry industry clusters in China is very obvious. The development of forestry industry is strongly dependent on geographical location, resource endowment and traffic conditions, but it has not yet broken through the geographical boundary. The attenuation boundary of the spillover effect of forestry industry clusters in different urban agglomerations is very clear, and the spillover effect of different urban agglomerations varies with the distance attenuation trends and thresholds. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——In order to improve the overall level of forestry industry clusters in China, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, clarify the role positioning of urban agglomerations and build a differentiated and coordinated development concept. Each region should define the development orientation of the forestry industry according to the resource endowment and industry type, and find the right development direction. Second, strengthen the investment in forestry industry and promote the transformation of intelligent digital technology achievements. In addition, while cultivating a group of technical and professional high-quality forestry talents, we should also actively discover and utilize the local talents. Third, explore the forestry industry advantages of the core cities and develop the characteristic multi-core forestry industry development modes. Cultivate more core cities in the forestry industry, form a dual-core or multi-core development modes, and promote the transformation of urban agglomerations from chain clusters to slice clusters, and eventually to regional clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——In 2008, China implemented the reform of the collective forest rights system, and forest insurance became a supporting system for the reform of the collective forest rights system. By 2020, policy-based forest insurance has covered 30 provinces（municipalities and autonomous regions）and four major forest industry enterprises in China. At present, the academic circles mainly focuses on the basic nature of forest insurance, financial subsidies and their efficiency, the causes of market failure, the determination of forest insurance premium rate, the factors affecting farmers’ forest insurance behaviors and willingness to pay forest insurance, as well as the measurement methods and applications of forest insurance willingness to pay forest insurance. However, there is a lack of in-depth analysis on the characteristics of forestry production, the characteristics of forest resources assets and the behavioral heterogeneity of insurance entities. ⑵ Methods——This paper used the literature research method to collect the representative literature related to forest insurance from 1984 to 2023, and made a qualitative analysis of them. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the causes of forest insurance market failure and the necessity of financial subsidies, and to explore the gap between the determination of forest insurance cost and the estimation of farmers’ willingness to pay, in order to enhance forest insurance services and provide theoretical support for the deepening of the reform of collective forest rights system. ⑶ Results——First, in terms of forest insurance market failure, the existing research believes that the main reasons are the information asymmetry of the insurance market, the weak insurability of forest management risk and the double externality of forest insurance. Second, in terms of the nature of forest insurance and the effect of financial subsidies, the existing research believes that forest insurance belongs to the category of agricultural insurance, and financial subsidies have an incentive effect on the willingness to participate in forest insurance. Third, in terms of forest risk zoning and insurance premiumrate, the existing research mainly takes provincial administrative regions as the unit of risk zoning. In the determination of insurance premiumrates, it mainly studies the comprehensive insurance and fire insurance, and does not distinguish the main forest tree species, forest age class structure in the region. Fourth, in terms of the willingness to pay forest insurance and its influencing factors. The existing research has not paid enough attention to the heterogeneity of forest management subjects, and has not studied the factors of different age and species of forest. In fact, farmers and forestry management companies have different payment intentions and policy preferences for forest insurance. Fifth, in terms of the value assessment and measurement methods of forest insurance. The existing research mainly use the contingent valuation method, which makes the reliability of the relevant research conclusions have certain limitations. In addition, there is a lack of research on weather-derived forest insurance products and weather-index forest insurance. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The existing research is insufficient to study the characteristics of forestry production and forest resource assets, and lack of in-depth research on the behavioral heterogeneity of different insurance entities. In addition to the need to zone forest risks at the provincial level, it is also necessary to zone forest risks at the county level and consider the impact of regional forest species composition and forest age structure on forest disaster losses. At the same time, in terms of farmers’ willingness to pay for forest insurance, we should pay attention to the limitations of research methods. Finally, forest insurance products based on meteorological disaster and meteorological index need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The green total factor productivity (TFP) of forestry is a key index to measure the high-quality development of forestry, which can fully reflect the comprehensive efficiency of forestry development. As a new factor of production, data can weaken the problems of large credit risk and asymmetric information in the traditional finance in supporting forestry. This paper discusses the effect and impact mechanism of digital finance on green TFP of forestry in order to provide scientific support for the policy formulation of high-quality development of Chinese forestry in the future. (2) Methods--This paper based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, this paper uses the SBM-ML model to measure the green total factor productivity of forestry in each province, selected green TFP of forestry as the explained variable, digital financial development level as the explanatory variable, forestry technological innovation level as the mediating variable, economic development level, industrial structure level of financial support for forestry, forest coverage rate as the control variables, and used the Tobit model and the mediation model to study the impact and mechanism of digital finance on the green total factor productivity of forestry. (3) Results--First, the average value of forestry green TFP index was 1. 135, the average value of technical efficiency index was 1.007, and the average value of technological progress index was 1. 132. Second, digital finance had a positive impact on forestry green TFP at a significant level of 1 %, with a coefficient of 0. 078. Third, In the process of digital finance helping the growth of forestry green TFP, forestry technology innovation ability played a complete intermediary effect, showing a mechanism of "digital finance development - improvement of forestry technology innovation ability - growth of forestry green TFP ", which accounted for 60. 6% of the total effect. Fourth, the impact of digital finance on the green TFP of forestry was heterogeneous: in the underdeveloped regions with traditional financial development, the eastern region and the central region, the high-quality development of forestry empowered by digital finance passed the test at the significant level of 1%, 5% and 10%, and the coefficients were 0. 116, 0. 095 and 0. 088, respectively. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, technological progress is the main growth source of forestry green TFP, with an average annual increase of 13. 2%, and technical efficiency also plays a certain role in the improvement of forestry green TFP, with an average annual increase of 0. 7%. Second, digital finance can promote the growth of forestry green TFP, so digital finance can be used to promote the high-quality development of forestry. Third, digital finance can promote the growth of forestry green TFP by improving forestry technological innovation ability, and forestry technological innovation ability plays an important role in this process. Fourth, the impact of digital finance on forestry green TFP shows heterogeneity with the development level of regions and traditional finance, which indicates that digital finance can help reduce the constraints of information asymmetry on forestry credit. Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, promote the progress of forestry technology and improve the efficiency of forestry technology. Second, accelerate the deep integration of digital finance and forestry development. Third, enhance the ability of forestry technology innovation through a variety of ways. Fourth, all regions should develop digital finance according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Tourism public service is an important part of tourism service quality system, which plays an important role in ensuring the smooth progress of tourism activities and promoting the high-quality development of tourism. The rapid development of forest parks in China has greatly met the needs of tourism market development, but the spatial distribution of tourism public services has shown an imbalanced trend. How to reduce the imbalance of tourism public service development of forest parks between regions and effectively improve the quality of tourism public service of forest parks has become a hot topic of concern in industry and academia. (2) Methods--In this paper, the tourism public service level of forest parks was selected as the outcome variable, and the resource endowment, market demand, economic background, political pressure and industrial foundation were selected as the condition variables that influenced the tourism public service of forest parks. Based on the statistical data of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), this paper used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the influencing factors of tourism public service of forest parks in China and analyze the influencing paths of different configurations. (3) Results--First, the tourism public service supply level of forest parks in China's 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) is significantly different, with an average value of 0.286 and a complete membership point of 0. 383. Among them, 8 provinces have achieved a high level of tourism public service supply of forest parks, 7 provinces is at a low level, and 16 provinces is between the two. Second, market demand is a necessary condition for improving the tourism public service level of forest parks. Third, the configuration of high-level tourism public services can be divided into three types, namely "demand-resource support type" composed of resource endowment and market demand, "demand-economic support type" composed of market demand, economic background and industrial foundation, and "balance-driven type" composed of resource endowment, market demand, economic background and political pressure. Fourth, the condition variable of the configuration of high public service supply level has obvious substitution effect. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, market demand is a necessary condition for the high supply level of tourism public service of forest parks. Second, there are three paths that lead to a high level of tourism public service supply, but resource endowment is still an important basis for the tourism development of modern forest parks, and market demand still plays a decisive role in determining tourism development potential. Third, each region should accurately understand the shortcomings of the supply level of tourism public services of forest parks, improve the weak links in a targeted way, and develop supporting services in line with the tourism reception capacity of each region, so as to avoid seeking perfection. Fourth, industrial foundation, political pressure, resource endowment and economic background which affect the supply level of tourism public service of forest parks have substitution relations. Regions with weak economic background but prominent forest resource endowment should correctly understand the development law of tourism market, and should not blindly provide supporting services regardless of industrial foundation and market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The big food view broadens the boundary of food, meets people's demand for high-quality life, and responds to the realistic problem of food security in China. Forest ecological products take realizing people's urgent needs for a better life as value orientation, and contain ecological value, economic value and social value. The realization of the value of forest ecological products is becoming a powerful driving force for practicing the big food concept, steadily promoting the green and high-quality development of the under-forest economy, and realizing the revitalization of rural ecology. The academic research on the value realization of forest ecological products mainly focuses on the value accounting system and ecological compensation mechanism, etc. (2) Methods--This paper constructed a complete set of "value chain-supply chain-industrial chain" from the perspective of big food view, corresponding to the driving mechanism of "power mechanism-support carrierrealization form" respectively. The value, value transformation and value excavation of forest ecological products were sorted out from the perspectives of multi-functionality, multi-supply and green innovation of big food view, and the methods to realize the value of forest ecological products were discussed. (3) Results--First, the paper expounds the basic logic of the value realization of forest ecological products from two aspects of history and theory. From the historical perspective, the big food view reflects people's awareness of food acquisition, food utilization and the importance of forests, guiding forest ecological products to realize the value from a new perspective. From the theoretical perspective, the big food view indicates that we should view the realization of the value of forest ecological products from the perspective of food supply, human development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Second, the historical and theoretical logic of big food view are not separate from each other, but complement each other. It shows that it is feasible and important to explore the paths to realize the value of forest ecological products under the interaction of the historical promotion and theoretical support of big food view. Third, from the perspectives of domestic and overseas, food security, people's well-being and green development, the problems existing in the process of realizing the value of forest ecological products are summarized, such as the lack of the big food concept, the neglect of forest functions and the value realization mechanism of forest ecological products is still in the primary stage, etc. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The big food view emphasizes the all-round, multi-mode, wide-range and high-level development of food resources in the whole land resources, making food categories more diversified and containing multiple values such as food security, aesthetics, ecology, education and leisure, which is the scientific concept of the realization of green and high-quality development. The realization of the value of forest ecological products is an important way to practice the big food concept and promote the production of food resources to be more green, high-quality and sustainable. In order to improve the value realization mechanism of forest ecological products, this paper sorts out the value chain of forest ecological products, improves the supply chain of forest ecological products, and constructs the industrial chain of forest ecological products. However, there are still many innovative and effective ways to realize the value of forest ecological products, which need to be further explored: First, promote the value realization of forest ecological products from the perspective of digital technology. Second, promote the value realization of forest ecological products from the perspective of common prosperity. Third, promote the value realization of forest ecological products from the perspective of forest property right reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Due to the impact of the logging restriction, the forest assets of Chinese forestry enterprises are facing the problem of weakening liquidity. Forestry carbon sinks owned by forestry enterprises can be regarded as a certificate of carbon emission rights, which is essentially a security product. However, there are still some problems in China's carbon emission trading market and forestry carbon sinks finance. With the development of carbon sinks market, how to monetize the assets of forestry carbon sinks effectively has become an important topic in the theoretical and industrial circles. (2) Methods--After defining the concept of forest carbon sinks service trust, the paper analyzes the applicability of service trust in forest carbon sinks and the principles of forest carbon sinks service trust, including asset pool principle, credit enhancement principle and trust benefit principle. On this basis, the framework system of forest carbon sinks service trust is designed, including the selection of carbon sinks value measurement method, the construction of forest carbon sinks asset bank, credit enhancement, product service and risk management. (3) Results--This paper takes a listed company "A" as an example to analyze the feasibility of forestry enterprises using service trust financing. First, through the screening of the company's forest assets, middle-aged forests, near-mature forests and young forests are taken as carriers of forestry carbon sinks in the asset pool to form a forest carbon sinks asset pool. Then, the total carbon sinks of asset pool is calculated by the volume expansion method, and the future cash inflow is calculated by the carbon sinks price "China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER)" in the national market using the market approach. Secondly, the structure of the service trust is designed, the beneficial right of the service trust is graded, and the priority beneficial right is divided into A-level trust beneficial right, B-level trust beneficial right, C-level trust beneficial right and D-level trust beneficial right. At the same time, the secondary trust beneficial right is set up to protect the security of the priority beneficial right. Different periods and rates of return are set for different trust beneficial rights, and the future cash outflow is calculated, so as to determine the amount of financing and financing costs. It is found that forestry carbon sinks service trust can effectively reduce the financing cost of forestry enterprises, increase the financing scale, revitalize forestry resources, and provide higher returns for investors. However, it is also found that service trust is vulnerable to market price fluctuations through calculation. If the carbon sinks trading price falls by more than 6. 51%, the principal and the returns of the investors with priority beneficial right may be impaired. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the security of service trust by various means. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, in order to improve the security of the service trust and make up for the lack of internal credit enhancement of the products, it is necessary for the government to provide policy guarantee and external credit enhancement for the forestry carbon sinks service trust. Second, introduce the professional third-party consultants to provide support for the trustees' decision-making, and establish a supervisor to protect the common interests of priority and secondary beneficiaries. Third, government departments should accelerate the improvement of the CCER mechanism, vigorously promote the infrastructure construction of the national carbon emission trading market, strengthen the publicity and protection of the investors, and encourage the innovation of green financial products to enhance the activity of the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background——With the acceleration of urbanization and the in-depth implementation of sustainable development, China’s urban landscaping construction has reached an unprecedented level in scale and speed. While the area of urban landscaping continues to expand and the quality continues to improve, the amount of landscaping waste such as pruning, fallen leaves and grass clippings generated in maintenance and management is also increasing. Scientific and effective disposal and utilization of urban landscaping waste and promotion of landscaping waste recycling are of great practical significance for further promoting the comprehensive and effective implementation of garbage classification and the ecological, green and low-carbon development of the cities. (2) Methods——Based on the analysis of the externality of landscaping waste, this paper discusses the ways to reuse landscaping waste using PPP application mode, in order to reduce its negative externality and correct its positive externality. According to the operation cycle, the urban landscaping waste recycling is divided into the early, middle and late stages of the PPP mode. In the process of applying the PPP mode to the disposal of urban landscaping waste, it needs to be gradually integrated into every link of landscaping waste disposal, and finally form an industrial system of urban landscaping waste disposal dominated by the PPP mode and operated by the market mechanism. (3) Results——There are negative externalities in traditional urban landscaping waste disposal. The original negative externalities are modified to positive externalities by changing the disposal methods of urban landscaping waste. The modified method of urban landscaping waste disposal is carried out through PPP mode, and is analyzed and promoted through three stages of the pre-implementation, mid-implementation and post-implementation stages. In this paper, the application of PPP mode to the disposal process of urban landscaping waste is divided into three stages, and the specific operation mode of each stage is designed: In the early stage, it is the construction-introduction-management mode, in which the government is dominant and the role played by enterprises has certain limitations. In the middle stage, it is the transition-cooperation-expansion mode, in which the market gradually improves and capital gradually flows in, enterprises play an increasingly large role, and the dominant position of the government gradually weakens. In the later stage, it is an all-round cooperation-large-scale operation-industrialization development mode, in which the market mechanism is basically perfect, enterprises occupy the dominant position, and the government gradually fades out of the market. Finally, it gradually establishes an industrial system of the urban landscaping waste recycling dominated by the PPP mode, with perfect market-oriented operation mechanism and sound industrial chain. (4) Conclusions and Discussions——The PPP operation mode can not only solve the externalities brought by urban landscaping waste disposal, but also bring economic, social and ecological effects. In order to improve the recycling efficiency of urban landscaping waste and establish a green and low-carbon production mode, this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: First, stimulate the enthusiasm of the government and enterprises in promoting the deep integration of the PPP mode and the urban landscaping waste recycling industry. Second, improve the contract terms and relevant laws and regulations for the PPP projects of the urban landscaping waste recycling. Third, increase public participation in PPP projects for the urban landscaping waste recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1)Background——Nowadays, the problem of global warming is becoming increasingly serious, and energy conservation and emission reduction are imperative. Forestry is an important basic industry of national economy, and forestry enterprises play an important role in promoting economic and social development and protecting ecological environment. Carbon accounting information disclosure can meet the needs of stakeholders for information acquisition, enhance the trust of investors in enterprises, improve the market valuation of enterprises, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises. At present, there are relatively few studies on the correlation between the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure and forestry enterprises value. (2) Methods——On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper put forward the research hypotheses. The enterprises value was selected as the dependent variable, the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure was selected as the independent variable. Based on the unbalanced panel data of 80 listed forestry companies in China from 2013 to 2022,this paper discussed the relationship between the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure and the value of the listed forestry companies through empirical analysis, and identified the influencing factors of the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure. (3) Results——First, according to the descriptive statistical analysis, the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure of the listed forestry companies in China is different, and there is still a lack of disclosure awareness. Second, according to the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficients between the two variables are less than 0. 8,indicating that there is no serious multicollinearity. Third, according to the multiple linear regression analysis, the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure has a significant positive impact on the value of the forestry enterprises, and the enterprise scale has a significant positive relationship with the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure. Compared with the non-state-owned forestry enterprises, the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure of the state-owned forestry enterprises is higher. Fourth, according to the robustness test, the above empirical results have been further confirmed. (4) Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: First, the quality of carbon accounting information disclosed by the listed forestry companies is quite different, and the overall quality is not high. Second. The higher the quality of carbon accounting information disclosed by the listed forestry companies, the higher the enterprise value will be. Third, there is also a significant positive correlation between the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure of the listed forestry companies and the enterprises scale and the nature of the actual controllers. Based on the above conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, forestry enterprise managers should attach great importance to the disclosure of carbon accounting information, and strive to improve the quality of carbon accounting information disclosure from five aspects: carbon emission disclosure, carbon emission reduction performance, carbon information disclosure carriers, carbon emission reduction management, carbon emission supervision and certification disclosure, so as to continuously improve the enterprise value. Second, the government departments and regulatory agencies should further improve laws and regulations related to carbon accounting information disclosure, formulate disclosure standards suitable for China’s national conditions, and continuously strengthen supervision and punishment of forestry enterprises, so as to help the forestry enterprises achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1)Background——Since the Healthy China Strategy was put forward, the big health industry has developed rapidly, including the forest health care tourism industry. Fully understanding the tourism demands of tourists for forest health care, determining the core elements of forest health care tourism development in forest parks, and effectively meeting the tourism demands of tourists are of great significance for improving forest tourism service quality and promoting the development of forest health care tourism industry. (2) Methods——Based on the attractive quality theory, this paper firstly constructed the demand element system of forest health care tourism, which consisted of 23 demand elements in 4 dimensions, such as natural environment, supporting facilities, service items and human environment. Then, the Kano model was used to classify the tourists’ demands for forest health care tourism, and the Better-Worse coefficient method was further used to determine the priority of the tourists’ demands for forest health care tourism. The research data came from 430 questionnaires taken by the tourists to the Darong Mountain National Forest Park in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Finally, the paper put forward some policy suggestions to improve the tourism demands of tourists for forest health care. (3) Results——According to the Kano model, the tourists’ demands for forest health care tourism in national forest parks can be divided into four types, including 5 essential demands, 7 expected demands, 6 attractive demands and 5 undifferentiated demands. Five demands, including climate temperature, forest coverage, air quality, health and safety, are the essential demands. Seven demands, including accommodation, catering, shopping, transportation, leisure and entertainment, personnel services and sightseeing routes, belong to the expected demands. Six demands, including health care, parent-child education, culture and art, sports wellness, rehabilitation and medical emergency, are the attractive demands. Five demands, including water quality, guidance and interpretation, cultural atmosphere, popularity and consumption level, belong to the undifferentiated demands. According to the Better-Worse satisfaction index analysis method, the Better and Worse values of 23 demand factors are calculated, and the quadrants are established. The priority order is IV>I>II>III. Quadrant IV corresponds to the essential demands, which must first be met. Secondly, it is necessary to fully meet the expected demands of tourists in quadrant I for forest health care tourism. Then, pay attention to the attractive demands of tourists in the second quadrant for forest health care tourism. Finally, the undifferentiated demands of tourists in quadrant III for forest health care tourism can be temporarily ignored. However, after fully meeting the essential demands, expected demands and attractive demands of tourists, the undifferentiated demands should be improved to facilitate their transformation. (4) Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, meet the essential demands of tourists and lay the service foundation of forest health care tourism. Second, improve the tourists’ expected demands and service quality. Third, enhance the tourists’ attractive demands and innovate the service projects. Fourth, pay attention to the undifferentiated demands of the tourists and promote the transformation of the demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background——China is the world’s largest consumer and largest exporter of wood-based panels. As the largest consumer of wood-based panels, does China’s super-large domestic market promote export trade? How to rely on the super-large domestic market to promote export trade? The home market effect test can answer whether the domestic market has a promoting effect on export trade, and the home market effect theory can also explain the reasons of the home market effect and explore the paths for China’s wood-based panels to play the advantage of the super-large domestic market and promote export trade. (2) Methods——Taking the home market effect as the theoretical perspective, this paper constructed the home market effect model of China’s wood-based panels export trade based on the trade gravity model. The research data mainly came from FAOSTAT database, UN Comtrade database, WDI database, CEPII database and EIA website. Based on the panel data of China and 48 export trading partners from 1995 to 2020, this paper analyzed whether there were home market effect, period differences and market differences in China’s wood-based panels export trade, and discussed the influence of traditional factor endowments. (3) Results——During the period from 1995 to 2020, there were both home market effects caused by relative demand scale and home market effects caused by relative demand level in China’s wood-based panels. The scale economy effect was the root cause of the home market effect of China’s wood-based panels, the agglomeration economy effect played an important role, and the improvement of product quality and technological innovation effectively promoted the home market effect. The driving force of China’s wood-based panel exports was constantly evolving. The domestic market was the basic driving force, it showed the transformation from the domestic demand scale to the domestic demand level, and had the characteristics of export orientation, and was significantly affected by the scale and level of demand in the trade market. In trade markets with different income levels, there were differences in home market effect. The product quality played a key role, and improving the product quality was conducive to exerting the home market effect caused by the relative demand level. In terms of traditional factor endowments, China’s wood-based panels export was greatly affected by labor endowments and negatively affected by capital endowments, but it was less affected by forest resources endowments. However, with the aging of population and the rise of labor costs in China, the low-cost advantage based on labor endowments was constantly being lost, and China’s wood-based panels need to gradually transform and upgrade from the low-price competition model of quantity expansion to the high quality development model of high added value and high product quality. (4) Conclusions and Discussions——In order to give full play to the home market effect, cope with the changes in the international market and realize the mutual promotion of the domestic and international double cycles, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, stick to the strategy of expanding domestic demand, build a strong domestic market from the scale and level of demand, and strengthen the advantages of the super-large domestic market. Second, accelerate supply-side reform, continue to eliminate backward production capacity, increase the scale of single-line production, encourage mergers and restructuring, focus on supporting large enterprises, and give full play to the effects of economies of scale. Third, actively carry out the construction of industrial parks, encourage various forms of collaboration, share resources, knowledge, technology and management experience, and give play to the industrial agglomeration effect. Fourth, continue to improve product quality and implement branding strategy. Fifth, continue to strengthen technological innovation, and vigorously popularize and apply advanced equipment and technology. Sixth, attract and promote more capital to enter the industry and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background——Measuring the economic effect of tariff increases on wood products between China and the United States, comparing the gains and losses, and simulating China’s tariff plan for wood products in response to the trade friction are conducive to optimizing China’s anti-tariff structure of wood products and reducing the adverse impact of the US-China trade friction on China’s wood products trade. Methods——Based on the trade data of US-China wood products in the UN Comtrade database from 2012 to 2017,the model of Armington elasticity of substitution was constructed to estimate the Armington elasticity of substitution of US-China wood products in the other market, and the estimated substitution elasticity was introduced into the local equilibrium analysis tool SMART model. Based on the trade data of wood products from various countries in the UNCTAD TRAINS database, the economic effects of tariff increase on US-China wood products in the US-China trade friction were calculated by product categories. Results——The estimation results of the model of Armington elasticity of substitution show that the substitutability of Chinese wood products in the US market is higher than that of American wood products in the Chinese market. In the tariff increases on wood products imposed by China and the US, Chinese wood products are in a disadvantageous situation. China should adopt differentiated tariff countermeasures according to the Armington elasticity of substitution of American wood products in the Chinese market. The results of SMART model on trade creation effect and trade transfer effect confirm that China’s wood products are facing greater export losses in US-China trade friction, and show that the high import transfer rate of China’s wood products is an important reason for China’s export losses. The calculation results of tariff effect and welfare effect confirm that the US-China trade friction is a double-loss outcome for the two countries, but the welfare loss of the United States is much greater than that of China. With the gradual implementation of tariffs imposed by the United States, the trade effect of tariff increases has gradually emerged. The model calculation results show that China’s export of processed products such as wooden furniture, paper and board, wood products to the United States still faces a significant threat of export reduction. The results of the model show that China’s different tariff countermeasures for wood products have achieved remarkable results, but there are still improvements. Conclusions and Discussions——The Armington elasticity of substitution of wood products in the other market between China and the United States is very different, indicating that the default value of 1.5 is not used in the SMART model. The local equilibrium analysis tool SMART model is used to study the economic effect of US-China tariff increases on US-China trade in wood products, which can provide more and more accurate information than other methods. In order to reduce the adverse effects of US-China trade friction on China’s wood products trade, firstly, China should strengthen technological innovation and brand building, and reduce the substitutability of China’s wood products. Second, China can seize the major opportunities of Belt and Road Initiative and RCEP to find export substitute markets for China’s wood products. Third, China needs to optimize the tariff structure of wood products timely and improve the import transfer rate of wood products. Finally, China is expected to accelerate the implementation of the “dual circulation” strategy, effectively increase domestic timber supply, and actively develop the domestic wood products market, to achieve high-quality development of wood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-The regional ecological livability in China is facing severe challenges. Forest resources play an important role in improving urban ecological livability. Although the existing studies have been concerned that forest resources can improve the level of ecological livability by promoting the green development of regional economy and improving the quality of regional ecological environment, there are few relevant quantitative studies, especially the logical relationship and effect path between forest transformation, environmental carrying capacity and ecological livability level have not been deeply discussed. (2) Methods-This paper firstly evaluated the forest transformation index, environmental carrying capacity and ecological livability level of 31 provinces ( municipalities and autonomous regions) in China by using the results of forest resources inventory and relevant statistical data from 1999 to 2018. Then, the mediating effect model was used to further explore the effect path of forest transformation enabling regional ecological livability, identify the mediating variable of environmental carrying capacity, and measure its mediating effect on the level of forest transformation enabling regional ecological livability. (3) Results-First, during 1999--2018, China's forest transformation index showed a stable and rising development trend on the whole, but the level difference among different regions was obvious, and the forest transformation effect was the most significant in southwest and northeast China. Second, the evolution characteristics of U-shaped curve of China's environmental carrying capacity were very obvious, and the environmental carrying capacity in southwest China, south China and east China was stronger. The environmental carrying capacity of east China, central China, south China and north China was prominent in the recovery stage. During the period of rapid economic development, the environmental carrying capacity of northeast China, southwest China and northwest China showed a decreasing trend, with an average growth rate of --1.01%, -2.4% and -1.24%, respectively. Third, the level of ecological livability in China showed a trend of fluctuation and increase on the whole, especially in southwest China, north China and east China. Fourth, the results of the mediating effect verified the mediating role of environmental carrying capacity in the impact of forest transformation on regional ecological livability level, and its mediating effect accounted for 22.51% of the total effect. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, continue to promote deeper forest transformation actions with national land greening as the core. The government needs to increase policy support and investment for forest transformation in ecologically fragile areas, coordinate urban and rural forest ecological construction. Second, give full play to the mediating role of environmental carrying capacity between forest transformation and regional ecological livability, and establish a scientific assessment system of environmental capacity. Accelerate the development and use of disruptive technologies in the field of environmental monitoring, establish an early warning mechanism of environmental carrying capacity to realize rapid early warning and timely response to the overload of environmental carrying capacity, and promote the modernization of the ecological environment protection system. Third, establish and improve the evaluation system and rights protection mechanism for ecological livability. Establish a decisionmaking and management mechanism led by grassroots governments with the participation of community representatives and a dedicated line for suggestions and complaints on ecological livability to provide legal protection for an ecological livable environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-Promoting the growth of wood processing enterprises is the internal requirement of practicing the "Two Mountains" theory and realizing the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality". The internal capital accumulation of many wood processing enterprises cannot support the expansionary investment, and it is urgent to effectively allocate credit resources of financial institutions. At present, there are few literature to empirically examine the effect and internal mechanism of the availability of regional finance on the growth of wood processing enterprises, and can not provide micro-evidence that county finance promotes the growth of wood processing enterprises. (2) Methods-The sample enterprises covered 31 provinces ( municipalities and autonomous regions), 270 prefecture-level cities and 1, 374 counties ( cities and districts) in China. Based on the unbalanced panel data of wood processing enterprises from 2008 to 2016 and the number of branches of county financial institutions, this paper comprehensively used the individual and time fixed effect panel model, panel tool variable model, system GMM method and other methods to explore the effect of the availability of county finance on the growth of wood processing enterprises. The three-step method, Sobel test method and Boostrap test method are used to test the influence paths of the availability of county finance. (3) Results-First, the availability of financial products and services of wood processing enterprises gradually improved from 2008 to 2016. Second, the improvement of the availability of county finance could significantly promote the growth of wood processing enterprises. Third, the availability of county finance had an indirect positive effect on the growth of sample enterprises by reducing financing costs and promoting technological innovation. Fourth, the availability of county finance could promote the growth of large, medium and small wood processing enterprises, and had a positive effect on the growth of enterprises with low and medium asset-liability ratio, while it had no significant effect on the growth of micro-enterprises and enterprises with high asset-liability ratio. In addition, the availability of county finance had a positive effect on the growth of enterprises in central and western China and non-municipal districts, but had a negative effect on the growth of enterprises in eastern China and municipal districts. Fifth, the development of county digital finance and the availability of county finance synergistically promoted the growth of wood processing enterprises. (4)Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, the counties ( cities and districts) where wood processing enterprises gather should establish and improve the financial system with multiple subjects, multi-level and wide coverage. Expand the spatial coverage of financial institutions ' outlets to wood processing enterprises, deepen the competition mechanism of the banking industry, and create a comprehensive financial service system corresponding to the life cycle of wood processing enterprises. Second, pay attention to the construction of financial system in non-municipal districts and the credit supply of special wood processing enterprises. The governments of non-municipal districts should improve the support policies such as site supply, site rent concessions. In addition, further optimize financial services and innovate financial products. Third, improve the credit support policy for micro wood processing enterprises. Further guide and support commercial banks in innovating service mechanisms for small and micro enterprises, broaden the financing channels of micro wood processing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-Ecotourism is one of the important ways to improve the livelihood of community residents in national parks. Patatson National Park is a representative eco-tourism scenic spot in China. In the post-pandemic era, concerns about unpredictable livelihood risks remain among the community residents in Patatson National Park. The key to the sustainable development of the communities in Patatson National Park is to help the residents effectively cope with livelihood risks, recover and even improve their livelihoods. (2) Methods-The research data was derived from the questionnaire survey of community residents in Patatson National Park in July 2023 (a total of 206 valid questionnaires were obtained) and semi-structured interviews with the managers and key residents in Patatson National Park. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructed an evaluation index system for the livelihood resilience of community residents in Patatson National Park, and used the entropy method to explore the temporal changes of the livelihood resilience of community residents in Patatson National Park before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the "pressure-state -response" (PSR) theory, an analytical framework was constructed and the influencing factors of livelihood resilience were selected, and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the livelihood recovery paths of community residents in Patatson National Park. (3) Results-First, the livelihood resilience of residents in Patatson National Park in 2022 decreased by 1.94%. The community residents had a strong sense of learning and self-protection, but their buffering ability and self-organization ability were poor. Second, the livelihood resilience of community residents with different livelihood adaptation types showed significant differences: expansion type (0.2264) > replacement type (0.2029) > upgrading type (0.1950) > maintenance type (0.1641). Third, a stable source of income, rich household assets, and the health of family members all contributed to improve the livelihood resilience of community residents. Fourth, the health status and job opportunities of the family labor force were the most critical factors affecting the livelihood resilience of the maintenance-type families. The diversification and richness of the livelihood structure could help the replacement-type and expansion-type families to improve their self-transformation ability and maintain the stability of the family livelihood structure. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Based on the above research conclusions, the followng policy suggestions are put forward: First, expand the residents' alternative livelihood choices and steadily promote the residents' employment through reemployment. Government departments should explore new business forms such as rural tourism and rural e-commerce and the national parks should explore new, effective and integrated franchise schemes. Second, improve the community-level governance mechanism and build a strong sense of community solidarity and mutual assistance. Enhance the management ability of village cadres and the residents' self-learning ability, and improve the infrastructure of the community. Third, strengthen the construction of the medical and health system to ensure the health of community residents. The organizations at all levels should establish emergency handling measures, supervise the implementation of the social security system. Fourth, accurately help different types of residents and reasonably formulate livelihood recovery strategies. Focus on the livelihood of the sick and disabled families, provide employment guidance for the maintenance-type and upgrading-type families, and increase policy support to encourage employment and entrepreneurship of the replacement-type and expansion-type families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background Promoting scale management has become an inevitable way to solve the problem of forestland fragmentation, which is of great significance to realize the modernization of forestry. However, due to the increase of labor cost and forestry production risk and the high transaction cost, the implementation effect of both land scale management and service scale management is not satisfactory. Nowadays, most scholars have paid attention to the coexistence of land scale management and service scale management, and carried out relevant studies with traditional small-scale farmers as an example, but few studies have discussed the implementation effect of "dual-scale" management mode with the new-type forestry management entities as an example. (2)Methods The research data came from the research group' s survey and interview of the new-type forestry management entities in 20 key forestry counties (cities and districts) in Fujian Province in August 2021 and July 2023, and a total of 299 valid questionnaires were obtained. This paper selected the family income of the new-type forestry management entities as the explained variable, the dual-scale management mode as the core explanatory variable, and the characteristics of the persons in charge of the management entities, the management entities and the external environment as the control variables. The coupling coordination model and propensity score matching method were used to empirically analyze the impacts of dual-scale management on the total family income and the heterogeneity of income structure of the management entities. (3) Results First, in the OLS model, the coefficient of the total family income of the management entities is 2.299, and p<0.01. The dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the total family income of the management entities, and the higher the coupling coordination degree of the dual-scale management, the stronger the effect of income increase. Second, the dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the forestry management income of the management entities, but at the same time it will significantly reduce their wage income. Third, the regression results of dividing the new-type forestry management entities into family forest farms and forestry cooperatives show that the promotion effect of dual-scale management on the income of the forestry cooperatives is much greater than that of family forest farms. Fourth, the regression results on the degree of employment diversification of the new-type forestry management entities show that dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the total family income of pure farmers or low-diversified employment households, but has no significant effect on the total family income of highly-diversified employment households. (4) Conclusions and Discussions Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, encourage the development of various forms of scale management and support the promotion and development of dual-scale management models. Second, strengthen the guidance and service of forestry technology, and enhance the level of specialized management of the forest farmers. Third, implement different measures to promote the development of various new-types of forestry management entities, and then give full play to the potential and role of different types of management entities in promoting the development of forestry economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To achieve common prosperity in the key state-owned forest areas is the goal of all forestry workers and their families. How to improve the livelihood of forestry workers' families and resolve multidimensional poverty has become a hot issue in the research field of forestry economics for many years. Optimizing the household assets allocation and rationally arranging the current consumption, savings and the proportion of investment is a family financial behavior aiming to realize the appreciation and utility maximization of the household assets of the forestry workers in the whole life cycle, and an effective way to increase the family income of the forestry workers and promote the common prosperity in the forest areas. (2) Methods--Using the methods of literature research, quantitative research and qualitative research, this paper firstly analyzes the logical mechanism of household assets allocation optimization enabling the key state-owned forest areas to achieve common prosperity from two aspects of theoretical logic and practical logic, and then discusses the behavioral characteristics and realistic challenges of household assets allocation of the forestry workers. Finally, this paper puts forward the path selection of the key state-owned forest areas to achieve common prosperity by optimizing the household assets allocation of the forestry workers. (3) Results--The optimization of household assets allocation enables the key state-owned forest areas to achieve common prosperity, which is reasonable in theory and feasible in practice. The household assets allocation behavior of the forestry workers in the key state-owned forest areas has the following characteristics: First, the household assets allocation structure is single, and the proportion of real estate is high. Second, there is a strong propensity to saving and less participation in risky investments. Third, the participation rate of production and operational investment is low, and the overall trend is declining year by year. The household assets allocation optimization of the forestry workers in the key state-owned forest areas faces the following practical challenges: First, the aging trend of the forestry workers is obvious, their education level is generally not high, and they generally lack basic knowledge of finance and awareness of assets allocation. Second, the livelihood vulnerability of the forestry workers' families has not been completely eliminated, and the household assets allocation options are limited. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes the path selection of household assets allocation optimization enabling the key state-owned forest areas to achieve common prosperity: First, guide the forestry workers' families to change the concept of assets allocation and enhance family financial awareness. Second, encourage and support the forestry workers to carry out undergrowth economy entrepreneurship. Provide entrepreneurship guidance, skills training, policy support and market development to encourage innovation in the undergrowth economy and the application of modern agricultural technologies. Third, establish a market mechanism for realizing the value of forest ecological products to provide more investment choices for the forestry workers' families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--With the implementation of "The Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological Products" in 2021, the value realization of the ecological products is a bridge connecting the ecological protection and economic construction of the forest areas after the reform of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China. (2) Methods--Based on the ecological niche theory, this paper took the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China as the research object, firstly sorted out and summarized the previous literature studies and relevant data, analyzed the current situation of the value realization of the understory ecological products from four aspects of resources, environments, demands and technologies ecological niches, then found out the dilemmas faced in the value realization of the understory ecological products, and finally innovatively put forward a new model to realize the value of the understory ecological products. (3) Results--From the perspective of ecological niche, this paper innovatively combines the ecological niche theory with the value realization of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China, and analyzes the dilemmas encountered in the value realization of the understory ecological products from four aspects: resource niche, environment niche, demand niche and technology niche: the narrow resource niche and inadequate exploitation and utilization of the ecological product resources, environment niche to be improved and lack of specific development policies for the understory ecological products, inaccurate grasp of demand niche and uncoordinated value realization of the ecological products with economic development needs, few technology niche levels and lagging technological innovation of the ecological products in the stateowned forest areas, and then puts forward the new model of realizing the value of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, expand the width of resource niche and adopt the resource development model of "original ecological breeding + forest X". Develop the original ecological breeding model according to local conditions and strengthen the construction of hardware and software. Second, optimize the environment niche and gradually form the market transformation model of "EODF+ understory ecological products". Reconstruct the ecological network of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China, establish a good ecological foundation, use EODF mode to bundle ecological environmental protection and restoration of the forest areas and management of the understory ecological products, improve the efficiency of market transformation of the understory ecological products, comprehensively calculate the joint development projects and implement internal regurgitation-feeding of the projects. Third, obtain the demand niche advantage and accurately adopt the demand expansion model of "scenic areas and cities integration + multi-core attraction". With the scenic areas in the forest areas as the core, form the scenic areas and cities integration system, implement cross-border linkage and multicore attraction to create the demand for the understory ecological products and avoid the phenomenon of ecological niche overlap based on the real market demand. Fourth, improve the level of technology niche and adopt the value realization model of "blockchain + understory ecological products". Manage and record the whole process of the understory ecological products from the forest areas to production in real time by using blockchain technology to ensure product quality and safety, and carry out the digital management of the understory ecological products in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China by using blockchain technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Improving the realization level of the ecological products value is the only way to deepen the reform of separating government from enterprises and to continuously protect and restore the ecosystems in the key state-owned forest areas. This paper takes the case of the ecological products value realization of Yichun Forest Industry as the research object, analyzes the reality of the ecological products value realization in the key state-owned forest areas and its formation reasons, and then puts forward the optimization paths of the ecological products value realization, which is of great significance for the economic transformation, quality and efficiency improvement in the key state-owned forest areas. (2) Methods--Based on the panel data of ecosystem service value and output value of the ecological products in Yichun City from 2003 to 2020, this paper quantitatively evaluated the realization level of the ecological products value of Yichun Forest Industry Group. It first established an index system to evaluate the realization level of the ecological products value, then used the SBM-DEA model to measure the realization efficiency of the ecological products value in 17 forestry bureaus of Yicun Forestry Industry, evaluated the efficiency level from two dimensions of time and space, and finally put forward the paths to improve the realization level of the ecological products value in the key state-owned forest areas. (3) Results--The average value of realization level of the ecological products in Yichun Forest Industry from 2003 to 2020 was not low, but the level of EPV realization had a clear fluctuating downward trend over time, and the average value of the EPV realization efficiency declined from 0.91 in 2003 to 0.75 in 2020. Comparing the average value of the ecological products value realization in 17 forestry bureaus in Yichun Forestry Industry from 2003 to 2020, it could be seen that the realization level of the ecological products value of Tieli Forestry Bureau was the highest, and its average value of realization efficiency was 0.985. The realization level of the ecological products value of Nancha Forestry Bureau was the lowest, and its average value of realization efficiency was 0.52. In the time dimension, affected by the change of technical efficiency, the realization level of the ecological products value of Yichun Forest Industry Group showed a certain fluctuation. The average value of total factor productivity of the ecological products in Yichun Forestry Industry from 2003 to 2020 was 1.08. From the perspective of index composition, the change of total factor productivity (TFP) was caused by the change of technical Efficiency Change (EFFCH). The average value of technical efficiency change from 2003 to 2020 was 1.081, and the rate of technological Change (TECH) remained constant at 1. The fluctuation in EFFCH from 2003 to 2020 was caused by the changes in the Pure Efficiency Change (PECH) index. In terms of spatial dimension, only Hongxing Forestry Bureau'sTFP was below 1, while all other forestry bureaus' TFP was above 1. Among them, Tieli Forestry Bureau had the highest total factor productivity (average annual growth rate of 11.5%), while Hongxing Forestry Bureau had the lowest total factor productivity (0.965), and showed an average annual decline trend of 3.5%. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, since the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, significant changes have taken place in the leading industries, product scales and business entities of the key state-owned forest areas. Second, the realization level of the ecological products value depends on whether the business entities of the key state- owned forest areas actively explore the new model of ecological industry development. Third, the technical level is the main restriction factor that the realization level of the ecological products value in the key state-owned forest areas is difficult to improve. Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: On one hand, create differentiated and diversified ecological products by relying on ecological resource endowments. On the other hand, improve the management level of ecological products and innovate the economic development model through technological renewal and talent introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The key and difficult point for all Chinese people to achieve common prosperity lies in some remote mountainous areas and forest areas, because these areas are highly overlapping areas of " old areas, ethnic minorities areas, border areas and poor areas" and they are the most unbalanced and inadequate areas of China's development. However, these areas are rich in forest resources. Forests are "reservoirs" "grain depots" "money banks" and "carbon pools". The realization quality of forests as "four repositories" is closely related to the realization degree of common prosperity. Giving full play to the role of forests as "four repositories" can not only promote the modernization of remote mountainous areas and forest areas, shorten the gap between urban and rural areas, but also an important cornerstone for promoting common prosperity. (2) Methods--This paper firstly analyzed the theoretical logic and historical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using historical analysis and case analysis, then discussed the practical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using case analysis, and finally put forward the realistic paths of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity. (3) Results Forest is a "money bank", which contains its natural attributes, reflecting that forest re sources can be transformed into economic benefits, and it is consistent with the " two mountains" concept of "clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver". Forest is a "reservoir", which contains its spiritual attributes, reflects the balance of forest and water and the symbiotic relationship of forest and water. Forest is a "carbon pool", which contains its social attributes, it is conducive to the moral awakening of social ecological protection, and improving the distribution system based on the principles of fairness and justice. Forest is a "grain depot", which contains its historical attributes, it demonstrates the bottom line thinking of maintaining food security, holding well and holding firmly China's rice bowls, and is of great significance to enhancing the people's sense of gain, happiness and security on the grain issue. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--This paper puts forward the following paths to give full play to the role of forests as " four repositories" to promote common prosperity: First, strive to form a value realization mechanism of forest ecological products with the government as the lead and the market as the main body. We can learn from the advanced experiences such as Costa Rica's horizontal payment for forest ecological services, Finland's biodiversity protection and ecological compensation system based on the voluntary participation of forest farmers and the signed agreements through negotiations, and Zhejiang's " 10,000 yuan per acre mountain" model to enrich the people, so as to give full play to the role of forests as "money banks" to ensure the rich wealth of people in remote mountainous areas and forest areas. Second, give full play to the role of forests as "reservoirs", realize the spatio-temporal regulation of water resources, and promote the realization of forest functions such as purifying water quality, regulating climate and beautifying the environment. Third, vigorously seek food from forests, which will help ease the pressure on arable lands, ensure grain and oil security, and effectively promote the efficiency of forestry and increase the income of forest farmers. Fourth, give full play to the role of forests as "carbon pools" and enhance the capacity of forest carbon sequestration and sinks. It is conducive to giving full play to the role of " carbon sinks" forestry in climate changes in the context of the " double carbon" era, and better achieve the goal of improving the forest governance system and promoting the common prosperity of remote mountainous areas and forest areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-China's forestry industry has achieved sustained and rapid development from 1987 to 2019. The total forestry output value increased from 21. 461 billion yuan to 458. 91 billion yuan. Studying the technical efficiency of forestry production and its development characteristics of regional differences is helpful to measure the status of forestry production and management and reform the forestry policies in the future. (2) Methods-This paper used the annual data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 1987 to 2019, which were obtained from the National Statistical Yearbook and the results of forest resources inventory. A time-varying dynamic threshold panel stochastic frontier model was constructed to measure the technical efficiency of forestry production in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 1987 to 2019, and the technical efficiency of forestry production was analyzed in the context of the evolution process of forestry policies and regional heterogeneities. In addition, this paper analyzed the changes of forestry production technology level and average output elasticity of forestry production input factors in the four stages during the evolution of China's forestry policies from 1987 to 2019. (3) Results-Under the guidance of systems, policies and economic environments, the technical level of China's forestry production increased from 3. 06 to 99. 72, and the technical efficiency of China's forestry production showed obvious stage characteristics. In the stage of strengthening forest protection, the technical efficiency of forestry production decreased first and then increased slightly. In the stage of sustainable development, the technical efficiency of forestry production continued to decline. In the ecological construction stage, the technical efficiency of forestry production fluctuated and increased. In the new stage of ecological construction, although the technical efficiency of forestry production was low in the initial stage, it continued to increase. The differences between resources endowments and local policies led to the obvious regional characteristics of the technical efficiency of Chinese forestry production in the process of policy evolution. For a long time, the technical efficiency of forestry production in South China and North China was relatively high, the highest was 0. 69 and 0. 72, respectively. The technical efficiency of forestry production in the municipalities was at the medium level, with the highest being 0. 58. In the past 20 years, the technical efficiency of forestry production in northeast forest areas had been rising, the highest was 0. 51. The main purpose of forestry in non-suitable forest areas was ecological protection, and the technical efficiency of forestry production was always at a low level, the highest was 0. 37. Capital and labor contributed a lot to forestry output, but irrational input gradually appeared. In the first two stages of the policies evolution, the average elasticity of capital output in forestry was 2. 33 and the average elasticity of labor output in forestry was 5. 89 in some areas, but in the latter two stages, the average output elasticity of both not only declined gradually, but also made a negative contribution. Especially in areas with higher technical level, the average elasticity of capital output in forestry was -1. 05 and the average elasticity of labor output in forestry was -0. 90. Thus, the input of capital and labor was irrational. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-First, improve the multi-channel investment systems such as forestry human capital, forestlands circulation and forestry service systems. Second, strengthen the implementation the strategy of revitalizing forestry through science and education, accelerate the knowledge updating of forestry workers, promote the cooperation between government and colleges and cultivate high-quality forestry talents. Third, implement the strategy of sustainable forestry development, improve the efficiency of forestry production factors allocation, and strengthen the implementation of returning farmland to forests and forestlands ecological governance. Fourth, explore the advantages of local forestry and the development potential of undergrowth economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The rapid development of forest ecotourism has also brought environmental pollution and ecological damage. In order to better respond to the "Two Mountains" theory and implement the ecological civilization construction strategy, and promote the sustainable development of forest ecotourism industry, it is crucial to clarify and guide tourists' green purchasing behavior. Studying the formation mechanism of tourists' green purchase intention is helpful to the sustainable development of forest ecotourism. (2) Methods--The research hypotheses were proposed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), value-belief-norm theory (VBN) and their integrated framework. The research data came from the questionnaire survey of the tourists in Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province in October 2023, and a total of 407 valid questionnaires were obtained. Then, a structural equation model was constructed to analyze the formation mechanism of tourists' green purchase intention. (3) Results--First, the theoretical model of the formation mechanism of green purchase intention constructed in this paper has strong explanatory power and predictive power for tourists' green purchase intention. The integration framework of TPB and VBN is effective in explaining and predicting the influencing factors and formation mechanism of tourists' green purchase intention. Second, in the hypothetical path designed according to TPB, the research results show that the green purchasing behavior attitude and subjective norms have a positive impact on tourists' green purchase intention, while the perceived behavior control has no significant impact on tourists' green purchase intention. In the hypothetical path designed according to the VBN theory, the research results show that altruism values have a significant positive impact on the awareness of consequence, the awareness of consequence has a significant positive impact on the attribution of responsibility, the attribution of responsibility has a significant positive impact on the moral norms, and the moral norms has a positive impact on the tourists' green purchase intention. This indicates that the formation of tourists' green purchase intention is influenced by the chain causal mechanism of the VBN theory. In the hypothetical path designed according to the TPB-VBN integrated framework, the research results show that the awareness of consequence has a positive impact on the perceived behavior control and green purchasing behavior attitude, and the subjective norms have a positive impact on the moral norms, which indicates that the interaction of TPB and VBN theory can further explain the formation mechanism of tourists' green purchase intention. Third, there is no significant difference in the green purchase intention of the tourists of different genders and ages, but there is a significant difference between the tourists with different education levels, and with the increase of education level, the green purchase in tention of the tourists increases significantly. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--In order to improve tourists' green purchase intention, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, strengthen publicity and education, enrich publicity content and broaden publicity channels, so as to enhance tourists' ecological awareness and moral responsibility in purchasing green tourism products and services, and enhance their altruistic values. Second, improve the tourism market, explore the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of forest ecotourism, and enhance the green purchasing power of tourists. Enrich the product and service categories and improve the availability of green tourism products and services. Enterprises are encouraged to design and produce green tourism products to convey the concept of sustainable development of forest ecotourism. Third, create a good social atmosphere to form a collective and social green purchasing power, and enhance the sense of responsibility and model of tourists. Use a variety of means comprehensively to strengthen the social norms on the tourists' individual behavior constraints and guidance. Shape the collective and social forces of green purchasing behavior through publicity and education, institutional norms and public welfare activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forest management has become one of the important means to alleviate environmental problems because of its economic and ecological benefits. The commercial value of traditional forestry projects is limited, while the income from carbon sinks trading becomes the main growth point of forestry economic benefits. However, forestry carbon sinks projects have long operating cycle, strong policy and complex value evaluation. It is difficult to describe the value of forestry carbon sinks by traditional evaluation methods, but the real option theory is more suitable for evaluating the comprehensive value of forestry carbon sinks. Compared with the B-S model, the binary tree model is more consistent with the phased and periodic characteristics of forestry carbon sinks. (2) Methods--Based on the real option theory, this paper first analyzed the option characteristics of forestry carbon sinks project, revealed the value composition of forestry carbon sinks project, and established the value evaluation model of forestry carbon sinks project based on the binary tree model. Then, the carbon sinks afforestation project in Arshaan City of Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected as the research object to evaluate the practical value of the project. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was used to analyze the impact of timber price, carbon price and risk-free interest rate on the project value. (3)Results--First, forestry carbon sinks project has option characteristics, and the real option theory can evaluate the potential value brought by uncertainty. The value of forestry carbon sinks project consists of three parts; forest assets value, carbon sinks assets value and option strike price. The fluctuation of forest assets and carbon sinks assets will bring their respective option values. Second, the overall value of the project under different e-valuation models is significantly different. In the NPV model, when the project is developed as a general afforestation project, the net income is -9.102 1 million yuan, the unit economic income is -2 068.65 yuan/hm,and the project is a loss. When the project is developed as a carbon sinks afforestation project, the net income is 297,900 yuan, the unit economic income is 67.70 yuan/hm, and the carbon sinks income increases the income of the project. In the real option model, the value of forest assets is 163.709 2 million yuan, the value of carbon sinks assets is 18.892 6 million yuan, the total value of the project is 81.452 2 million yuan, and the unit economic benefit is 18,511.87 yuan/hm . The option value of forest assets and carbon sinks assets significantly improves the project efficiency. Third, in the sensitivity analysis, timber price and carbon sinks price have a positive impact on the project value, while the risk-free interestrate has a negative impact on the project value. (4)Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, strengthen the application of the real option method in the actual evaluation of the value of forestry carbon sinks projects, improve the evaluation mechanism of forestry carbon sinks projects, fully consider the option value of projects when the evaluation returns are negative by using the traditional method, and consider the opportunity value brought by fluctuation in the riskier market environment. Second, make full use of uncertainties in forestry carbon sinks projects. At the individual level, encourage the forest farmers to carry out carbon sinks afforestation projects, help them realize the diversified value of carbon sinks afforestation projects, and further stimulate the willingness of the forest farmers to participate. At the market level, guide multiple entities to participate in the implementation of forestry carbon sinks projects, and strengthen the understanding of the market and business entities on the forestry carbon sinks trading. Third, improve the trading mechanism of forest resources, deeply explore the market system of carbon sinks trading, guide the benign fluctuations of timber prices and carbon sinks prices, further enhance the social benefits of forestry carbon sinks projects, and properly regulate the risk-free interest rate, reduce the market access threshold, and improve the ecological compensation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Under the background of "dual carbon", the development and implementation of forest carbon sinks projects can not only improve the level of forest management, increase the potential of forest carbon sinks, but also play a certain economic and social benefits. However, in reality, due to the long operation cycle of forest carbon sinks projects, there are risks such as natural disasters, technical constraints, market fluctuations and policy changes, etc. As the implementers of forest carbon sinks projects, the willingness of forest farmers to manage forest is higher, but their participation behavior is weak. (2) Methods--The research hypotheses were put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis. The research data came from the field survey conducted by the research group in 5 counties (districts) in Zhejiang Province from June 2022 to August 2023, and a total of 519 valid questionnaires were obtained. In this paper, farmers' carbon sinks forest management behavior was selected as the explained variable, benefit cognition and interest cognition was selected as the key explanatory variables, and personal characteristics, family characteristics and village characteristics were selected as the control variables. Based on the perspective of benefit cognition and interest cognition, Logit model was used to systematically discuss and compare the effects of these two kinds of cognition on the forest farmers' willingness and behavior to manage carbon sinks forests. (3) Results--From the two cognitive perspectives, there is a significant deviation between the farmers' actual management behavior and participation willingness. Both benefit cognition and interest cognition can significantly improve the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests, but have no significant effect on their management behavior. In terms of benefit cognition, although both ecological benefit cognition and social benefit cognition can significantly improve the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests, only social benefit cognition has a significant positive impact on the farmers' management behavior of participating in forest carbon sinks projects. In terms of interest cognition, the farmers' willingness to manage carbon sinks forests is affected by both the amount of interest and the way of interest, and the influence of these two factors is weakened when extended to management behavior. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, carry out appropriate training, extensively use online media to increase the publicity of carbon sinks projects and the popularization of carbon sinks policies. Second, establish a diversified and market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism to enhance the social benefits of carbon sinks projects by increasing employment positions and forestry technical training, etc., strengthen the information disclosure of the interest distribution mechanism of forest carbon sinks projects, and encourage farmers to participate in the decision-making on the projects management and interest distribution policies. Third, focus on various factors that affect farmers' decision-making, including risk attitude, time preference, information acquisition and processing methods, family structure, community relations, and policy support, etc. Fourth, provide more support measures and incentive mechanisms, establish a long-term tracking mechanism, and continuously optimize the operation mode and management mechanism of forest carbon sinks projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--China's collective forest property rights system has undergone three reforms, the first reform was in the 1980s, the second reform was in the early 21st century, and China is currently in the process of the third reform of the collective forest property rights system. The new round of collective forest property rights system reform emphasizes that it is necessary to further deepen reform on the basis of the second collective forest property rights system reform. Because the background of the new round of collective forest property rights system reform is obviously different from the previous two, the forestry development environment has undergone significant changes. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink how to effectively promote the deepening of the new round of collective forest property rights system reform. (2) Methods--Based on the long-term research experience, statistical data and related research reports, this paper makes a brief evaluation of the collective forest property rights system reform, analyzes the changes of China's forestry development environment, and focuses on the main tasks and strategies for deepening the forestry reform. (3) Results--In the first reform of the collective forest property rights system, the stability of forest prop erty rights, the demarcation of private mountains, the determination of forestry production responsibility system and the opening of the timber market were complementary reform measures. This zero-sum reform at the expense of the state-owned timber companies did not succeed. But because afforestation subsidies could still motive farm ers to plant trees, forest area increased rapidly. The second reform of the collective forest property rights system achieved obvious results, and the forest stock maintained a rapid growth while the timber output increased, but the effect of the reform was also affected by some other factors. At present, the main role of forests, the utilization of forest property rights and the source of raw materials of forest products have changed, the leading group and goal of the new round of collective forest property rights reform have changed, and the evaluation content of the reform effect has also changed. The new round of forest reform has been extended from mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to manage forests to mobilizing the whole society to participate in forest construction, from allowing the whole society to support forest development to allowing forestry to better meet the needs of society. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The goal of deepening the collective forestry reform is to realize the growth, convergence, diversity and sustainability of forestry development. The task of deepening the collective forestry reform can be measured from several levels; from the micro level, it can be measured by the maximization of the benefits of forest products obtained by operators and ecosystem services; from the national level, it can be measured by maximizing the benefits of forest public goods, and from the global level, it can be measured by maximizing the carbon storage function of forests. Therefore, in the new round of forestry reform, we must constantly innovate the system of coordinated development of forestry, reform the management system of forest logging, build a platform for supervision and service of forest property rights transfer, innovate the realization mechanism of ecological service value, and improve the forestry policy system that takes both ecology and economy into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The value realization of forestry ecological products is an important key point of ecological civilization construction in China, and an important means to promote the harmonious coexistence of human and nature. The new quality productive forces is the symbol of the emergence of new productivity and production relations. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the practical paths of new quality productive forces to promote the value realization of forestry ecological products for promoting the high-quality development and modernization transformation of forestry ecological products. (2) Methods--This paper first systematically analyzes the scientific connotation of the new quality productive forces from three dimensions; "core elements", "internal requirements" and "essential attributes". Then, under the background of developing new quality productive forces, it proposes the value implication of promoting the value realization of forestry ecological products through the industrial transformation of "greenization, intelligentization and digitallization", the integrated development of "ecological value, economic value and social value" and the virtuous cycle of "education, talents and science and technology". Finally, it discusses the practical paths of realizing the value of forestry ecological products promoted by new quality productive forces. (3) Results--The key of the new quality productive forces to promote the value realization of forestry eco logical products is to give full play to people's subjective initiative. On the level of value implication, the value of forestry ecological products has natural green attributes, which is an ideal carrier of new quality productive forces and is also an important part of constructing new production relations. From the perspective of dialectics, as a new productivity form, the new quality productive forces not only points out the new direction of the value transformation of traditional forestry ecological products, but also reflects the application of forestry ecological products in the new era in the form of emerging industries. From the perspective of historical view, the new quality productive forces is the product of the high-quality combination of "people" and "things". Under the virtuous cycle of education, talents, and science and technology, the new quality productive forces can improve the comprehensive quality of the labor forces, and effectively promote the transformation of forestry ecological products into a new forestry economy with greenization production as the background, digitallization production as the basis and intelligentization production as the engine. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The practical paths to realize the value of forestry ecological products are put forward as the followings; First, taking advanced manufacturing industry as the guide, promote the systemic change of undergrowth economy by relying on strategic industrial clusters. The industrial transformation of forestry ecological products should coordinate the relationship between traditional industries and emerging industries. On one hand, it is necessary to build the industrial coupling system of advanced manufacturing industry and traditional forestry economy, on the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the practical application of emerging industries in the forest ecological products. Second, led by deepening reform, make new achievements constantly in promoting high-quality development in accordance with local conditions. High-quality development should not only take green development as the premise, but also take improving the value of forestry ecological products as the direction. Third, guided by the integration of industry and education, promote the symbiosis and coexistence between the reform of education supply side and the demand of forestry ecological value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forestry plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting green development. High-quality development becomes the inevitable trend of forestry development, and new quality productive forces is the key factor to promote high-quality development. At present, although the level of new quality productive forces in China is gradually rising, the overall level is not high. Existing studies mainly focus on the development paths of forestry industry and the role and development of new quality productive forces, but few studies have linked the two. (2) Methods--On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructed the evaluation index system of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. The research data were panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022. First, the weight of each index of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces was determined by the entropy coefficient method. Second, the development indexes of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces were calculated by using the weighting function. Finally, the coupling coordination model was used for quantitative analysis to reveal the coupling and coordination relationship between high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. (3) Results--First, the level of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces in China has been improving year by year from 2010 to 2022, and the two influence and promote each other. Second, the coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces continues to rise, from the moderate imbalance stage to the verge of imbalance stage, but the overall coupling coordination degree is still low. Third, the difference in the level of new quality productive forces between eastern and western China is particularly obvious. The coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces in central and eastern China show an upward trend, while the coupling coordination degree in western China increases slowly, and is lower than the national average level. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--In order to realize the integration of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, implement the coordinated development strategy of regional forestry. Strengthen the exchange and cooperation of forestry technology between the central and eastern regions and the western regions, and the western region should strengthen the research and development of new quality productive forces in forestry. Second, strengthen forestry science and technology innovation and talents cultivation. Guide and support forestry enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation. Attach importance to the cultivation and introduction of forestry science and technology talents. Third, speed up the shaping of new forestry production relations. Integrate forestry science and technology innovation resources and coordinate the promotion of technological change, factors aggregation and industrial upgrading by relying on the local unique new forestry collective economic development model. Give full play to the advanced advantages of the new forestry collective economy in forestry capital and forestry technology, and promote the improvement of forestry total factor productivity. Fourth, improve the forestry policy and management system. Introduce a more comprehensive and systematic policy and management system for the integration and synergistic development of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--New quality productive forces is an important driving force for economic and social development. New quality productive forces can help to promote the supply of diversified products and services in the development of forest health care industry and the deep integration of forest health care industry and other related industries to form an industrial chain. In the face of challenges such as the balance between environmental protection and sustainable utilization of resources, the improvement of health care service quality, and the improvement of relevant policies and industry standards, the introduction of new quality productive forces provides new opportunities for the development of forest health care industry. (2) Methods--Four factors of scientific and technological innovation, talents cultivation, management innovation and green productivity were selected as the independent variables to build a model of forest health care industry growth optimization. By constructing Lagrangian function to introduce constraint conditions, this paper used Lagrange multiplier method to balance the objective functions and constraint conditions, obtain the optimal solution of each variable, and maximize the growth rate G of forest health care industry. In the process of solving the model, the influence of four scenarios on industrial growth rate and key driving factors was investigated by numerical method to reveal the decisive influence of policy choice on industrial potential. Time was dynamically introduced into the mathematical model of forest health care industry growth, and a dynamic system model was constructed. Python numerical method was used to simulate the system and analyse its sensitivity, so as to explore the impact of changes of the key parameters in the model on industrial growth rate and green productivity. (3) Results--First, scientific and technological innovation, management innovation and green productivity are the core elements of new quality productive forces, which play a decisive role in the high-quality development of forest health care industry. Second, scientific and technological innovation plays a key role in improving service efficiency, optimizing customer experience and developing new health care products. Third, some measures of management innovation can effectively improve the operational efficiency and market adaptability of the organization, thus enhancing the overall competitiveness of the industry. Fourth, green productivity plays a core role in the development of forest health care industry. The use of environmentally friendly materials, energy-saving technologies and the design of eco-friendly recreational activities contribute to the sustainable development of the forest health care industry. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, four paths are proposed to enable the high-quality development of forest health care industry with new quality productive forces; First, improve the service quality and operational efficiency of forest health care and promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry through the application of cutting-edge technologies, intelligent management, research and development of new products and other scientific and technological innovation means. Second, promote the deep integration of forest health care industry with tourism, pharmaceutical industry, sports industry, elderly care industry and other industries. Third, introduce modern management concepts, innovate talents cultivation modes, optimize resources allocation and operation modes, and standardize management system. Fourth, give full play to the leading role of green productivity by strengthening environmental protection concepts and technologies and supporting industrial green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--At present, the academic research on new quality productive forces is mainly concentrated in two aspects; first, it studies the philosophical connotation, contents and characteristics, evolution paths and directions, generation logic, core elements and formation mechanism of new quality productive forces from the theoretical perspective; Second, it studies the application of new quality productive forces in tourism industry, agricultural economy, emerging industrialization, new digital economy and modern industrial system from the perspective of practice. However, few studies have been made on the realization paths of new quality productive forces in forestry development. Developing new quality productive forces in forestry is an important direction to promote the upgrading and development of forestry industry. (2) Methods--Based on the research methods and policy texts of Marxist political economy theory, this paper discussed the related issues of the transformation from traditional productive forces in forestry to new quality productive forces in forestry from three aspects; selection basis, realistic requirements and realization paths. (3) Results--The selection basis of new quality productive forces in forestry mainly includes theoretical basis, policy basis and economic basis. There are three realistic requirements for the transformation of new quality productive forces in forestry; first, improve the quality of forestry workers, which is the realistic requirement for the comprehensive development of forestry. Second, improve the technical content of means of labor in forestry, which is the realistic requirement of the innovative development of forestry. Third, expand the subjects of labor in forestry, which is the realistic requirement of diversified development of forestry. The new quality productive forces in forestry is the result of innovating the three elements and improving the combination of the three elements of productive forces in forestry. At present, the forestry development in China belongs to the transformation stage, and the realization paths of transformation needs to be solved. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--According to the underlying logic of the "U-2L" coordinate sys tem, the coordinate diagram of the transformation paths of new quality productive forces in forestry can be constructed. From the horizontal axis, the right axis represents the level of upgrading of the forestry supply chain, and the left axis represents the level of upgrading of the forestry industry chain. The key to promote the transformation of new quality productive forces in forestry is to promote the optimization and upgrading of forestry industry chain and supply chain. From the vertical axis, the upper axis represents the degree of innovation of the emerging industry in forestry, and the lower axis represents the degree of penetration of future technologies in forestry. The key point to promote the transformation of new quality productive forces in forestry is to cultivate emerging industry and future industry in forestry actively. From the oblique axis, the driving force of digital technology innovation is the core driving force. The core to promote the transformation of new quality productive forces in forestry is to further promote the development of digital technology innovation in forestry. The three axes represent positioning, and the coordinate points represent the degree of transformation of new quality productive forces in forestry. Local forestry departments should combine their own conditions, find the right development orientation, and promote the transformation and high-quality development of forestry in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-Collective forest and collective forest land are important forest resources and land resources of the country, important production factors of forestry, but also an important livelihood guarantee for farmers. Since the reform and opening-up, China's collective forest construction has made many achievements and made great contributions to the economic and social development and ecological construction of the country. (2) Methods This paper sorts out 135 research achievements of Liu Can from 1991-2021 in the database of China National Knowledge Network. This paper analyzes and expounds the main research fields and main research methods of Liu Can in the research of collective forest rights system reform in the past 30 years by using statistical method, historical comparison method and inductive method. (3) Results It is found that the main research thoughts and characteristics of Liu Can are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, he is one of the early scholars who applied quantitative analysis methods to forestry research in China and his research methods are systematic, scientific and cutting-edge. During the first decade, his research methods mainly include dynamic cash flow analysis, principal component analysis, linear difference and limited memory recursive algorithm, and Faustmann model analysis, etc. During the second decade, his research methods mainly include data envelopment analysis (DEA), fixed effects model, comparative benefit game method, dynamic prediction model of benefit transfer, etc. During the third decade, his research methods mainly include stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), propensity score matching (PSM), productivity change method and substitution method, principal-agent model analysis, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model, income determination equation and the Gini coefficient decomposition model, etc. There are more than 40 quantitative analysis methods in his research achievements. Second, his academic research is forward-looking and pioneering. He has created the first large sample database of "Key Forestry Projects and poverty Eradication" in China, which has established the tracking and recording of big data samples for the targeted poverty alleviation and the elimination of forestry poverty in China, and made important contributions to the prevention of povertyreturning and the realization of moderately prosperous society. Third, his research field is very extensive, and his research results are highly theoretical and practical. He is the first to combine forestry ecological engineering with targeted poverty alleviation, and integrated the thought of ecological compensation into his research results. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-Liu Can's research achievements have greatly enriched and developed China's forestry economic theory, laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the further reform of China's collective forest rights system, and accumulated valuable practical experience and ideological guidance for the sustainable and high-quality development of forestry in China. It mainly includes: First, he takes the lead in introducing the quantitative analysis method of institutional economy to study the reform and evolution of forestry systems in China. Second, he first introduces the theory of property rights bundle to study the separation of "three rights", which provides guidance for the research of property rights, the refinement of forest rights systems reform and the research of ecological compensation mechanism. Third, he takes the lead in combining the reform of collective forest rights with the transformation and upgrading of collective forest areas, the increase of farmers' income and the elimination of poverty to make a scientific and quantitative analysis, so as to achieve targeted poverty alleviation, new rural development and rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——The state-owned forest regions in Northeast China are the key regions of national ecological construction. Taking the road of marketization and attracting a large number of social capital to actively participate in forest ecological protection and restoration is an important way to practice the idea of ecological civilization. ⑵ Methods——Based on the theory of public goods and social capital, this paper makes an in-depth analysis on the marketization of forest ecological protection and restoration, and discusses the “failure” problem of social capital's participation in forest ecological protection and restoration from the aspects of financing mechanism and return mechanism. ⑶ Results——The participation of social capital in the ecological protection and restoration projects in the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China has significant advantages. First, it can promote the diversification of investment entities, which mainly include private enterprises, foreign investors, third-party organizations, and the state-owned enterprises and institutions in other places, etc. Second, the cooperation between government and social capital can realize complementary advantages and reduce management costs. Third, forest ecological protection and restoration can be achieved through advanced technical means, professional machinery and equipment, and highly-qualified professionals, and the technical level of forestry ecological protection can be improved. Fourth, the channels for the participation of social capital in the forest ecological protection and restoration are unimpeded, which can help better implement ecological restoration projects and promote the regeneration and utilization of forest resources. The research shows that social capital's participation in ecological project restoration in the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China has achieved certain results in practice, including: social capital's participation broadens the financing channels of ecological protection and restoration; The governance modes of social capital's participation in ecological protection and restoration show a diversified trend, which improves the degree of ecological protection and restoration; The participation of social capital in the whole process realizes the operation and management of the full life cycle of ecological protection and restoration. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions on social capital's participation in ecological environmental protection and restoration of the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China: First, market means should be used to encourage and support diversified investment, establish an eco-environment-oriented social capital investment mechanism, and adopt industrial chain extension, joint operation, combined development and other methods to form a virtuous cycle in the supply of funds for eco-environmental governance and the creation of economic value. Second, encourage relevant industries to enhance their scientific and technological support capacity and improve their level of technical services, reasonably define the rights and obligations of all parties, take the project as the core, innovate the projects models, and determine the tasks of ecological protection and restoration. Third, establish and improve the return system for ecological protection and restoration projects, reflect the market allocation concept of “risk sharing and benefit sharing”, seek a balance between government payments and the maximization of returns for social capital, and create an incentive mechanism and atmosphere for the whole society to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, promote systematic governance and high-quality development of ecological protection and restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]