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Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising path for greenhouse gas conversion, but industry usually relies on pressurization conditions, and the drawback of rapid carbon deposition leading to deactivation of conventional catalysts under pressurization has hindered its industrial development. In this study, a cost-effective N-doped Co-based DRM catalyst was developed by utilizing melamine to induce heteroatom doping defects on modified lignite to overcome the problem of deactivation due to rapid carbon deposition under pressurized conditions. The catalyst, Co/CN-40 (Impregnated with 40 wt% melamine), has the smallest metal particle size (3.13 nm), the largest specific surface area (376 m2/g), high defectivity (I D /I G ratio = 0.84), enhanced metal-support interactions and a relatively high pyridine N content (48%). The evaluation of DRM activity and stability at 780 °C and 0.5 MPa demonstrates that Co/CN-40 offers the highest catalytic efficiency. The highest conversion was quickly achieved by the catalyst during activity assessments, and maintain an efficient conversion with suppressed metal agglomeration over a 100-h stability test. These improvements are attributed to the increase in the number of defects which enhances electron transfer, improves metal anchoring and boosts the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules. [Display omitted] • Increased defectivity enhances metal anchoring and inhibits metal sintering. • Co/CN-40 shows the best catalytic performance and activation rate. • Co/CN-40 under pressure effectively inhibits carbon nanotube generation. • Stable catalyst operation relies on enhanced metal anchoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the second of a series of two articles. In the first article of the series, a new K v distribution model and an experimental methodology to measure the K v distribution were introduced. In this second part, the K v distribution is integrated into a lyo-simulation tool, to more accurately predict the variability of the product temperature, primary drying time, total sublimation mass flow and Pirani signal. The K v distribution is also integrated into the graphical design space. The impact of incorporating the R p distribution is briefly discussed. The comparison of the simulation tool with actual product temperature monitoring, Pirani signal or overall sublimation flow shows very good agreement in the case studies presented. Overall, the lyo-simulation incorporating the K v distribution is a very useful tool to support industrial development, i.e. process optimization, scale assessment, technology transfer, and troubleshooting of the lyophilization process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyze the evolution of comparative advantage in 1240 products from 49 low- and middle-income countries between 1995 and 2015. Countries with high education levels were more successful in developing comparative advantage in products unrelated to those they already exported. • Countries did not develop comparative advantage in products that were intrinsically complex or education-intensive. These results are robust to corrections for specification errors, for institutional, infrastructure, and FDI-related factors, for regional specialization patterns, for key shifts in global trade rules, and for each economy's degree of industrial dynamism prior to 1995. • The key role of education when seeking to develop new industries is to help a country learn to escape path dependence by managing unfamiliar challenges. We analyze the evolution of comparative advantage in 1,240 products from 49 low- and middle-income countries between 1995 and 2015. We show that countries with high education levels were more successful in developing comparative advantage in products unrelated to those they already exported. This effect is strongest for non-core products. In contrast, these countries did not develop comparative advantage in products that were intrinsically complex or education-intensive. These results are robust to corrections for specification errors, for institutional, infrastructure, and FDI-related factors, for regional specialization patterns, for key shifts in global trade rules, and for each economy's degree of industrial dynamism prior to 1995. These findings suggest that the key role of education when seeking to develop new industries is to help a country learn to manage unfamiliar challenges, and so overcome path dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The consensus that manufacturing was the strategic road for development has recently been challenged. • We constructed an original and extensive database on the world manufacturing production, that provides information about value added and employment for 200 countries, of which 160 developing countries, for the 1970–2018 period. • The study does not reveal evidence of a recent decline of manufacturing in developing countries, including or not China. Rather we document a continuous expansion of manufacturing employment in the developing world, that accounts now for 82 % of the world employment, while the share of the developing economies in the world output has doubled over the period. • Since 2010, we observe and we quantify a new pattern. Manufacturing employment does not increase any more in China, while it has continued to grow at the same pace in the rest of the developing world. • Our findings show that manufacturing has continued to play a key role in economic development. Thus, low-income countries should not give up industrialization strategies and should learn from the recent experiences of rapid industrialization and growth. The "rise of the Rest" and almost all successes in economic development have relied on late industrialization. However, the consensus that manufacturing was the strategic road for development has recently been challenged. This paper addresses the issue of the status of manufacturing for economic development in the current period. To clarify whether the importance of manufacturing in developing countries has declined or not in the 21st Century, we constructed an original and extensive database on the world manufacturing production, that provides information about value added and employment for 200 countries, of which 160 Developing countries, for the 1970–2018 period. The study does not reveal evidence of a recent decline of manufacturing in developing countries, including or not China. Rather we document a continuous expansion of manufacturing employment in the developing world, that accounts now for 82 % of the world employment, while the share of the developing economies in the world output has doubled over the period. Since 2010, we observe and we quantify a new pattern. Manufacturing employment does not increase any more in China, while it has continued to grow at the same pace in the rest of the developing world. Our findings show that manufacturing has continued to play a key role in economic development. Thus, low-income countries should not give up industrialization strategies and should learn from the recent experiences of rapid industrialization and growth. In the near future, the upgrading of China's industrial structure will enlarge the windows of opportunities in manufacturing for late-comers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government intervention in industrial development is prevalent across both developed and developing nations. This paper evaluates the efficacy of Chinese government intervention in high-tech industries in fostering economic development. Methodologically, we assess government intervention's effectiveness by examining the heterogeneity of agglomeration effects in high-tech industries across various locations before and after policy interventions. Our study reveals several key findings: (1) Overall, high-tech industry agglomeration yields positive intra-industry and local spillover effects. (2) Agglomeration effects exhibit significant spatial and temporal variations. Before 2013, government intervention was limited, and high-tech industries predominantly clustered in the eastern region due to market forces, resulting in significantly positive agglomeration effects. However, post-2013, government intervention became evident, particularly driven by competitive dynamics in less-developed regions and central government support for these areas. Consequently, high-tech industries in these regions generated positive intra-industry and local spillover effects, leading to a shift in the distribution of high-tech industry hubs towards the central and western regions. Nonetheless, agglomeration effects diminished in these regions, signaling distortions. (3) Not all high-tech industries exert positive impacts; for instance, the ICT manufacturing sector, characterized by general technology, demonstrates the most pronounced effects, whereas the aerospace manufacturing industry shows relatively weaker agglomeration effects. (4) High-tech industries primarily enhance industrial profitability by refining intermediate inputs and foster local total factor productivity and green total factor productivity through knowledge spillovers. Consequently, policy interventions should aim to effectively facilitate intermediary mechanisms. These findings offer valuable insights into how governments can judiciously intervene in high-tech industries to promote sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study aims to analyse economy-wide implications of electricity production from wind and solar sources. • Analyse the mitigation strategies, such as carbon taxes and carbon finance. • Examine the environmental performance of China. • Using GHG emissions as a measure of environmental performance carbon finance. There has been an acceleration in global warming and other environmental issues due to industrialization, high population growth and other socio-economic factors in China. Besides, electricity volume generated through non-renewable resources directly contribute majorly in environmental pollution. The present study, therefore, aims to analyse economy-wide implications of factors such as electricity production from wind and solar sources, and mitigation strategies, such as carbon taxes and carbon finance, on environmental performance in China. The article uses population growth and industrialization as control variables to predict environmental performance. The study employs the dynamic auto-regressive distributed lag (DARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models to determine the nexus among the variables. The outcomes indicate that electricity production from wind and solar sources, carbon taxes, carbon finance, population growth, and industrialization have positive links to environmental performance and negative links to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China. This implies that as an emerging renewable pioneer, China is advised to have less reliance on coal-based resources in electricity grid and expand its interest in renewable resource through the help of environmental technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HCSOF exhibits high levels of organic carbon and nutrient content. • HCSOF exhibits favorable adsorption properties. • HCSOF holds promise as a substitute for conventional chemical fertilizers. • HCSOF serves to enhance growth and bolster disease resistance of corn. Traditional methods of producing organic fertilizers result in significant nutrient loss and greenhouse gas emissions, making it challenging to align with sustainable development and the achievement of net-zero emissions goals. Hydrothermal cracking, as a novel clean technology for the utilization of organic waste into fertilizer, has been extensively studied and refined in laboratory settings, but its large-scale industrial evaluation remains limited. This study investigates the properties and field application of hydrothermal cracking solid organic fertilizer (HCSOF) produced at a pilot scale with an annual output of 10,000 tons. The results indicate that the organic matter content and total nutrient content (TN + P 2 O 5 + K 2 O) of HCSOF reached 50.6 % and 5.46 %, respectively, which are 20.6 % and 1.46 % higher than the standards for organic fertilizers in China. Additionally, contaminants such as pathogens and antibiotics in the product were completely eliminated. Elemental analysis and pore size distribution highlighted the unique adsorptive attributes of HCSOF, which showed significant effect in reducing soil ammonium nitrogen. Results from field trials indicate that the complete substitution of chemical fertilizers with HCSOF did not reduce corn yield, which remained at 9.03 t/ha. Particularly, compared to the exclusive use of chemical fertilizers, HCSOF treatments resulted in a 7.03 % and 4.70 % decrease in fresh corn lodging and disease incidence, respectively. Antibacterial tests further confirmed its ability to counter pathogens. This study provides robust evidence for scaling up hydrothermal cracking fertilizer production from laboratory to industrial levels. Future research should focus on multi-batch sampling and extended field experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long period of the 20th Century, industrialization was seen as the quickest and more effective path for progress and productive diversification, influencing the choice of public policies adopted by Latin American governments since the inter-war period up until the debt crisis and the lost decade of the 1980s. Using a long-term macroeconomic database for the period 1913–2013 and 11 Latin American countries, complemented with a dataset of exports by product for the same countries and years, a positive relationship between industrialization and economic growth was found, both for the long run and for episodes of acceleration and deceleration. This correlation seems to be stronger for large than for small economies, reflecting the importance of the size of the domestic market in order to take advantages of economies of scale in the process of industrialization. Three economic channels that may explain this positive correlation are empirically tested. The first one is the contribution of manufacturing to the different components of productivity growth (within- and shift-effects), for which a shift-share decomposition was estimated, both for the long-run, for subperiods and for acceleration and deceleration episodes. The second channel is the contribution of industrialization to gross capital accumulation, where a positive relationship was found between the change in the share of employment in manufacture with the rate of growth of physical capital. Finally, the learning-by-doing hypothesis is tested using the skill-level composition of manufacturing exports, finding a positive relationship between cumulative manufacturing production and the share of mid- and high-skill products in the exports' matrix. The main contributions of the paper are twofold: the empirical identification of the mechanisms through which industrialization can promote economic development, and the extension of the analysis of Latin American economies to the first half of the 20th Century, which is scarce in the literature because of lack of reliable data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical objective recently facing the entire industry on this planet is to construct a sustainable industrial development. The possible way is provided by implementing process intensification, which provides real advantages in production processes, significantly reducing unit operation size, increasing whole plant efficiency, reducing energy consumption, shrinking capital investment, reducing waste disposal, and boosting feed material conversion into various valuable products. Membrane technologies contribute to process intensification's objectives due to their potential to convert conventional technology to achieve significant improvement of industrial processes. Conventional industrial techniques in the field of separation were replaced to membrane processes, which were widely reported positively impacting in the multi-area of industrial operation. This paper provides the ability and compatibility of the membrane to be implemented the process intensification strategies. Some cases of realization of process intensification in membrane technology have been discussed. Last but not least, the process integration of conventional membrane with advanced membrane unit has also been reviewed as one of the essential parts of process intensification. [Display omitted] • Process intensification (PI) efficiency can improve the membrane-based processes. • PI helpful reducing the amount of waste and emissions disposal. • The PI encourages innovation and the development of cleaner technologies. • The transformative potential of membrane-based technology in industry development. • The upgraded strategies for integrated of the essential parts of chemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forthcoming industrial requirements to ensure increasingly flexible and agile production processes will require an ever-increasing ability to recognise, predict and optimise the state of processes with respect to the planned state. Advanced tools such as Digital Twins (DT) and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) can help manage and address these problems. This paper presents some results of the authors' research on the adoption of a basic methodology for the design and implementation of Digital Twins aimed at manufacturing applications and subsequent integration into a Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS). Reference publications were selected based on the level of detail of DT and CPS architectures. The aim is also to combine methodological development with industrial tools and requirements. The architecture is potentially applicable to different production scenarios. Finally, the first results of application on a scale production line are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in recent years has resulted in an increase in the amount of data generated by connected devices, creating new opportunities to enhance the quality of service for machine learning in the IIoT through data sharing. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the most popular technique in machine learning at the moment because they can learn extremely precise node representations from graph-structured data. Due to privacy issues and legal restrictions of clients in industrial IoT, it is not permissible to directly concentrate vast real-world graph-structured datasets for training on GNNs. To resolve the aforementioned difficulties, this paper proposes a federal graph learning framework based on Bayesian inference (BI-FedGNN) that performs effectively in the presence of noisy graph structure information or missing strong relational edges. BI-FedGNN extends Bayesian Inference (BI) to the process of Federal Graph Learning (FGL), adding random samples with weights and biases to the client-side local model training process, improving the accuracy and generalization ability of FGL in the training process by rendering the graph structure data involved in GNNs training more similar to the graph structure data existing in the real world. Through extensive experimental tests, the results show that BI-FedGNN has about 0.5%–5.0% accuracy improvement over other baselines of federal graph learning. In order to expand the applicability of BI-FedGNN, experiments are carried out on heterogeneous graph datasets, and the results indicate that BI-FedGNN can also have at least 1.4% improvement in classification accuracy. • BI-FedGNN uses Bayesian inference to improve client-side model training uncertainty. • The node features are processed using randomly sampled weights and biases. • KL divergence loss is used as a regular term to prevent the overfitting problem. • Numerous experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of BI-FedGNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban population growth in Turkey has been increasing rapidly since the middle of the 20th century. The escalating population, particularly in urban regions, has emerged as a critical challenge in achieving sustainable urban management. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2, 9, and 11 present various avenues for governments to adress this predicament. This study employs the framework of multiple stream model, offering a valuable lens through which policies can identify opportune moments for policy implementation. The study examines the impact of industrialization and agricultural land use on the country's urban population while identifying potential opportunities for enhancing sustainable urban management in alignment with the SDGs. Subsequently, it critically examines the asymmetrical effects of these two significant factors on the urban population, formulating policy recommendations based on the empirical findings. The study concludes by stressing the significance of prioritizing sustainable, long-term agricultural and industrialization policies outlined in national policy documents rather than relying on short-term and temporary solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new index is proposed to quantify the economic impact of COVID-19 on countries. • The index shows an extreme heterogeneity in the economic impact of COVID-19. • The factors behind this heterogeneity are explored using regression techniques. • The analysis includes pandemic-specific factors and structural factors. • Results stress the importance of industrial development for resilience. The socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 has been widely uneven across regions and countries, reflecting underlying differences in their resilience against shocks. This paper tries to explain this heterogeneity by identifying factors of resilience and vulnerability. To fully capture the impact of the crisis on economic activity, we propose a novel index of GDP loss that measures both the initial shock and recovery rate at the country level. With a dataset of 125 countries, we implement cross-sectional regression techniques to estimate the impact of pandemic-specific and structural factors on the index. The focus of the analysis is placed on a dimension that was not sufficiently explored yet in the specialized literature: the role of industrial capabilities. Results show that industrial capabilities were crucial in supporting countries' ability to absorb and resist the global shock. The paper thus provides new empirical evidence on the role played by manufacturing industries in strengthening resilience to face unexpected events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of industrial automation comes an ever, broadening number of application scenarios for manipulators along with increasing demands for their precise control. However, manipulator trajectory tracking control schemes often exhibit problems such as those related to high levels of coupling, complex calculations, and in various difficulties in application for industrial environments. For the problems of low accuracy in control and poor robustness of multiple-jointed robotic trajectory tracking, iterative learning control (ILC) with model compensation (MC) based on extended state observer (ESO) has been proposed for the trajectory tracking control of six-degrees-of-freedom (six-DOF) manipulators. The scheme has excellent features to overcome uncertainties in repetitive tasks, including unknown bounded perturbations that are external to the model or dynamic perturbations that are internal to the model. The proposed control strategy combines ESO, iterative learning, and MC, for precise control of trajectory tracking. Here, ESO is used to estimate disturbances, iterative learning allows fast and accurate control in repeated tasks, and the model-compensated control algorithm alleviates the necessary for many inverse operations. The convergence of our proposed control scheme is proved through Lyapunov function and time-varying approximation theory. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed scheme. • An improved iterative learning control scheme based on extended state observer is proposed. • The convergence of proposed control scheme is proved. • The internal uncertainty and coupling of six degree-of-freedom robotic arm are well offset. • The proposed control scheme can well overcome matching and mismatching disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development has ramifications for women's participation in labor markets and society, in the short and long run. We explore the Gold Rush that took place in the Western United States in the second half of the 19th century. The Gold Rush led to high male-skewed inward migration and created gender-specific job market opportunities, with men entering mining employment and women entering the service sector. In gold mining counties, both men and women worked less in farming. After revealing the baseline patterns, we disentangle the direct effect of gold mining from the mediating effect of the skewed sex ratio, using formal mediation analysis. The skewed sex ratio is driving lower marriage rates for men, and higher female participation in the service sector. The results are consistent with surviving written accounts from the time, suggesting a high premium for traditionally female services. Using census data spanning almost a century, we show that these differences persisted long after the initial conditions of the Gold Rush had passed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality green finance development and environmental efficiency are made possible through economic growth. This study examines the factors affecting investments in green finance and regional environmental efficiency in China from 2008 to 2020, using the GMM model. Results show that green financing positively impacts energy usage restructuring at the national level. However, the impact is limited, despite positive coefficients between financial growth, energy prices, and energy usage patterns. In the central area, green financial development benefits energy usage structure, while in the eastern region, economic and industrial development have little effect. The study provides strategic recommendations for China's green funding to support the adaptation of energy use structures. • High-quality green finance develops environmental efficiency. • Green financing positively impacts energy restructuring. • Study provides strategic recommendations for China's green funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The DEA model was proposed for measuring industrial parks' green development performance. • The green development efficiency of the industrial parks exhibits spatial heterogeneity. • The overall scale efficiency outperforms technical efficiency. Greening the industrial parks is one of China's attempts to explore sustainable development for the industrial sector. The efficiency of green development has come to serve as a criteria index to evaluate the performance of green development for industrial parks. In this paper, a non-desired output and non-radial DEA model was proposed for measuring industrial parks' green development performance. We use the panel data of 171 green industrial parks certified by China's central government to evaluate the green development efficiency. It shows that the green development efficiency of the industrial parks exhibits significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We further decompose the green development efficiency and analyze the input redundancy and output insufficiency. We also choose Suzhou and Yunnan Anning Industrial Park for case studies, in order to explore the measures which can be replicated and promoted, and contribute to the green development of industrial parks in China and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media attention is a driver of green technology innovation, and green technology innovation is crucial to industrial enterprises seeking sustainable development in China. Yet the existing literature has paid scant attention to the effect mechanism underlying this process. We explore the relationship between media attention (MA), green technology innovation (GTI) and enterprise sustainable development (ESD), as well as the role of environmental regulation as a potential moderator. Based on data from 415 Chinese A-shared listed companies spanning 2015–2021, our research shows that: (1) media attention promotes the sustainable development of industrial enterprises; green technology innovation in enterprises has a partly mediating effect; (2) environmental regulation positively moderates the relationship between enterprises' green technology innovation and sustainable development; (3) the effect of media attention on economic performance exceeds that of enterprises' social and environmental performance, and the effect of non-negative media attention on sustainability is more significant than that of negative media attention. Our research provides new insight into media attention, green innovation and sustainable development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the asymmetric impact of renewable electricity energy usage and industrialization on the environmental sustainability of South Africa. The load capacity factor (LF) is a more extensive measure of environmental deterioration when compared to carbon emissions and the ecological footprint, which cover a range of both the demand on and supply of nature. The series dataset used for the empirical analysis spans between 1990 and 2019. The study also investigates the effect of human capital, industrialization, and economic growth on load capacity factor. The result of the NARDL estimator reveals that the increase in renewable electricity energy usage increases LF in the long and short term. However, the decline in renewable electricity energy usage has a neutral impact on LF. Furthermore, the results indicate that industrialization and economic growth impact LF negatively. Lastly, human capital improves environmental quality due to the increasing effect on LF. The spectral Granger causality approach outcomes show that all the parameters can forecast load capacity factors in the long term. Some policy implications, restrictions, and potential future study pathways have been explored in light of this paper's results. • The nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag is employed. • Asymmetric impact of renewable electricity consumption on environmental sustainability. • A broad environmental indicator is used, load capacity factor. • The positive change in renewable electricity consumption promotes environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASEAN are struggling due to gigantic challenges related to climate complexities and energy scarcity. In this regard, this is the prime concern of region that how low carbon energy transition can be embraced when there is a high consumption of non-renewable ratio in energy mix. Hence, the study examines the role of carbon finance, carbon taxes, sustainable energy technologies (solar and hydroelectric), industrialization, and population growth on the low-carbon energy transition by following MMQR approach. Outcomes indicate that carbon finance, carbon taxes, sustainable energy technologies (solar and hydroelectric), industrialization, and population growth are positively linked with low-carbon energy transition in ASEAN countries. Based on the evidences, it implies that in order to accelerate renewable shares, clean technologies adoption and green investment in climate friendly methods are needed to achieve zero-carbon goal. • Carbon finance and carbon tax are positively linked to clean energy transitions. • Carbon finance enhances the business operations without causing carbon emissions. • Carbon tax and finance help replacing carbon-emitting energy with low-carbon energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, owing to the miniaturization of the fluidic environment, microfluidic technology offers unique opportunities for the implementation of nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs) production processes. Compared with traditional methods, microfluidics improves the controllability and uniformity of NDDSs. The fast mixing and laminar flow properties achieved in the microchannels can tune the physicochemical properties of NDDSs, including particle size, distribution and morphology, resulting in narrow particle size distribution and high drug-loading capacity. The success of lipid nanoparticles encapsulated mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 by microfluidics also confirmed its feasibility for scaling up the preparation of NDDSs via parallelization or numbering-up. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based NDDSs, including the fundamentals of microfluidics, microfluidic synthesis of NDDSs, and their industrialization. The challenges of microfluidics-based NDDSs in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed. We believe that this review will provide good guidance for microfluidics-based NDDSs. Microfluidics provides a new strategy for fabricating nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) and improves the controllability and uniformity of NDDSs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights the importance of renewable energy investment in achieving the goal of sustainability. Several studies have been conducted to explore the factors affecting environmental quality. However, the literature on the importance of renewable energy investment in affecting environmental quality is scant. Thus, this study investigates the impact of renewable energy investment on carbon emissions for 24 China provinces from 2005 to 2020, along with green finance, income per capita, technical innovations, and industrial structure. The co-integration test results show a stable long-run association between renewable energy investment and sustainable development with other factors. However, the results of AMG and CCE-MG estimators show the significant contribution of renewable energy investment, technical innovations, and green finance to environmental sustainability. Besides, economic development and industrial infrastructure show an adverse effect on environmental sustainability and cause to increase in carbon emissions. In addition, the moderate role of renewable energy investment in technical innovation and industrial infrastructure significantly contributes to a sustainable environment. On behalf of obtained outcomes, the current study proposes some imperative policy implications to attain the desired level of a sustainable environment. • Renewable energy and sustainable growth. • Research and development, renewable energy, and sustainability. • Impacts of financial development and renewable energy on socioeconomic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigate the issues of income distribution, implementation sequence, and equity in the auto ownership rationing schemes. • Implementing auto ownership rationing schemes can cause inequity issues due to different changes in individual costs of different-income residents. • Pareto-improvement strategy with self-financing constraint is presented to balance the equity and efficiency. • The optimal lottery + auction (L+A) hybrid scheme outperforms the optimal auction + lottery (A+L) hybrid scheme in terms of expected social surplus. • The optimal A+L Pareto-improvement strategy is better than the optimal L+A Pareto-improvement strategy in terms of expected social surplus. • Residents' income distribution has no significant effects on the properties of the models. Auto ownership rationing schemes, including lottery, auction and hybrid schemes, have been recognized as effective measures to mitigate urban traffic congestion. The implementation sequence of auction and lottery in the hybrid schemes has two possible scenarios: auction is implemented before lottery (i.e., A+L), and lottery is implemented before auction (i.e., L+A). This paper addresses the issues of income distribution, implementation sequence, and equity in the auto ownership rationing schemes. Expected social surplus maximization models are proposed for determining the optimal auto quota for each scheme and the optimal proportion allocated to the lottery and auction for the hybrid schemes. In the proposed models, a trade-off between positive externality (social contribution) and negative externality (traffic congestion) caused by auto industrial development is considered, together with effects of residents' income distribution. Inequity issue incurred by the rationing schemes (who gains and who loses) is investigated, and Pareto-improvement strategy with self-financing constraint is presented to balance the equity and efficiency. The solution properties of the proposed models are analytically explored, and the solutions of different schemes are compared. The results show that (i) residents' income distribution has no significant effects on the properties of the models; (ii) the optimal L+A hybrid scheme outperforms the optimal A+L hybrid scheme in terms of the expected social surplus; (iii) however, it is just reverse for the Pareto-improvement strategy that solves the inequity issue, i.e., the optimal A+L Pareto-improvement strategy is better than the optimal L+A Pareto-improvement strategy in terms of the expected social surplus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia there are few chemical engineering programs and those have been historically linked to the industrial development of the country, supporting the training needs for industrial development in several regions of economic importance. The southwestern Colombian region contributes with the largest industrial production in the country, and the chemical engineering program of Universidad del Valle has been the only one in the region for 78 years. The last curriculum reform took place 20 years ago and the accelerated technological change urged the adoption of deep changes in the curriculum structure. A student-centered constructivist approach was applied in the faculty-wide transformation in the mesocurriculum and microcurriculum levels, defining the so-called Sensitivities, Capacities and Competencies (SCCs) as the set of attitudes, skills and knowledge necessary for an integral performance of engineers. Those were considered from two standpoints: general and disciplinary formation. In the disciplinary level, the historic traditional pillars of chemical engineering were maintained, but taking advantage on the areas of academic research, development and innovation (R+D+I) expertise demanded by the industry around the university in addition to transversal priority areas for modern chemical engineering professionals. This contribution discussed the elements of the curriculum reform for modernizing the chemical engineering curriculum of a high-impact program in a stablished university with a regional vocation. • Chemical engineering has been historically linked to local industrial development. • A student-centered approach was applied in the meso and microcurriculum planification. • Sensitivities, Capacities and Competencies (SCCs) are the core of the curriculum reform. • Two standpoints were considered: general and disciplinary formation in engineering. • R+I+D expertise demanded by the industry and key areas are transversal to formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Many developing economies are seeking to industrialize by integrating global value chains and are thus implementing export-led industrialization policies. • The positive relationship between economic growth and industrialization is nowadays questioned. • Manufacturing exports may not automatically bring about economic upgrading - measured by the transformation of the export basket. • There is a risk of sectorial specialization within the textile sector. • There is a risk of product-type specialization within the machinery and mechanical sector. • Policymakers should consider a potential 'industrialization curse'. This paper examines the relationship between the industrialization pattern and the structural change process. This approach fits in a global economic context characterized by Global Value Chains (GVCs), which shake up the pattern of industrialization. In fact, by entering a value chain, economies are able to industrialize and export high-technology goods without building a broad set of industrial capabilities. Using a panel of 117 countries over the period 1995–2017, our three-step analysis, first reveals that manufacturing exports may not automatically bring about economic upgrading - measured by the transformation of the export basket. Secondly, the inter-sectoral approach demonstrates that developing countries, for which industrialization no longer seems to be the main source of continuous development, are specialized in 'textiles and textile articles' for the poorest countries and in 'machinery and mechanical appliances' for middle-income countries. Finally, the intra-sectoral analysis shows that both of these sectors can become traps leading to either sectoral concentration or product concentration with low domestic value-added, both of which hinder the continuity of the transformation process in the productive structure. We introduce the idea of an 'industrialization curse' to illustrate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exports of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) depend on industrialization. • Premature deindustrialization harms capacity building at KIBS. • A KIBS export-led development strategy is not an alternative to industrialization. • Productive specialization in the service economy is path-dependent. • National Innovation Systems (NIS) need to be shaped by industrialization to foster KIBS. The transformation of the services sector and the deindustrialization of most economies have increased support for a KIBS export-led growth strategy for premature countries. However, the literature on deindustrialization argues that premature countries develop non-dynamic services mostly, which casts doubt on the viability of that strategy. This article theoretically and empirically analyzes this hypothesis. Using evolutionary and neo-Schumpeterian arguments, we point out the relevance of the path dependency of the productive structure throughout the complex transition from an industrial economy to a service economy. The empirical section analyzes the importance of the previous industrialization of a country to be a successful KIBS exporter. It finds that countries that achieved a high level of industrialization before deindustrializing are more likely to export KIBS than those countries that did not achieve advanced industrialization. Science-based and specialized suppliers manufacturing are of key importance for the development of KIBS capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study formulated a new strategy for extracting high value-added kaolin from Xiamen excavation waste and established an industrial–scale plant for the annual processing of one-million-tonnes of excavation waste. [Display omitted] • Urbanization generates massive excavation waste. • Excavation waste from weathered granites is composed of kaolinite and quartz. • A new strategy has been demonstrated to extract kaolin from excavation waste. • The strategy results in 100% reduction, reuse and recycling of excavation waste. • The strategy sets a replicable paradigm for recycling similar excavation waste. Excavation waste from the construction of subways and other underground infrastructures is mainly composed of gravel, sand and clay of minimal economic value, which commonly ends up in landfills. Although the coarse sand and gravel of the excavation waste are typically recycled on site, a large amount of the fine-grained residue must be disposed of due to the prohibition of marine land reclamation in Xiamen, China, leading to an increasingly severe shortage of landfills. In this contribution, a new strategy was successfully developed for industrial–scale extraction of high value-added kaolin from the excavation waste of Xiamen. This strategy can overcome the challenges of complex and variable chemical compositions, high iron contents, low industrial grade, and organic contaminants in the raw materials. Characterization using chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy showed that the Xiamen excavation waste originated from granite weathering is mainly composed of kaolinite and quartz, along with high Fe contents and other impurities. The excavation waste was subjected to an intensive process of blunging, grinding, sieving, and classifying, as well as successive iron removal by magnetic separation. Subsequently, the extracted products meet commercial requirements, including those for high-quality kaolin with whiteness and plasticity larger than 90° and 17%, respectively. Moreover, an industrial-scale green production line with an annual treatment capacity of one million tonnes of excavation waste at the utilization rate of 100% was implemented. Hence, this work presents an effective approach for exploiting similar excavation waste around the world to promote sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization, computerization, robotization and automation are setting new directions for the development of industrial companies. Modern digital technologies are shaping the framework of a new industrial era which is characterized not only by merging of material and digital resources, but above all by focus on human needs and interests. Undoubtedly, a very important need of modern societies is to function in a clean, unpolluted environment. The article addresses the problem of waste generated in industrial enterprises in the context of Industry 5.0. Due to the fact that Industry 5.0 is clearly oriented toward sustainability and environmental protection, the article presents opportunities for using Industry 5.0 tools to reduce the level of waste in industrial companies. In addition, the article highlights the environmental aspect in defining Industry 5.0, describes trends in industrial waste levels and waste handling methods in the European Union, and, most importantly, shows how Industry 5.0 can contribute to reduction of waste. The goal of the article was therefore to identify opportunities to reduce waste levels using Industry 5.0 solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On September 22, 2021, 5 experts from Brazil and 5 from Italy discussed the future of research-to-business (R2B) cooperation between Italy and Brazil on green hydrogen (H 2) and related technologies. The workshop discussed some priorities of the Brazilian policies and elucidated the strengths and the weaknesses of the biggest economy among the Latin American countries. Because of its territorial and underground resources its social and economic activities, Brazil offers an excellent basin for supporting an H 2 -based economy. A well-established connection between Brazilian Universities and EU research organisations already exists in up-to-date research activities and frameworks for grants programmes. Nevertheless, Brazil has some difficulties creating new economies through the industrialisation of research achievements. On the other hand, Italy has a long tradition of creating and exporting technologies because its enterprises are generally prone to creating new business. In this communication, we reported the argued discussions between Brazilian and Italian players on green hydrogen that discussed how to improve the technological interaction between the two countries. This meeting discussed the entire value chain for green hydrogen, from the production to the end-user, and included distribution and commercialisation of green H 2 and related technologies. • Climate protection is possible by intensifying research cooperation on green hydrogen. • Italy has many enterprises showing interest in creating business in Brazil. • Brazil is interested in attracting resources for research and development from the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-speed rail (HSR) is one of the most important, if not the most important, emerging transportation that could exert significant influences in many areas, including economic development, social development, financial development, environmental protection, etc. This paper focuses on examining the impacts of HSR on the development of the industrial structure. Since most of the studies in this area are related to central cities (provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the central government), to fill in the gap in the literature, in this paper, we investigate the impacts of HSR on non-central cities in China. To do so, we use the propensity score matching difference-in-difference (PSM-DID) method to investigate the siphoning, spillover, and moderating effects of the opening of the HSR on the development of the industrial structure in the cities along with or nearby the HSR. In addition, we conclude both the robustness tests and the heterogeneity analysis in our study. We find that the opening of HSR significantly promotes the rationalization of non-central cities' industrial structure, as well as improves the advancement of the industrial structure for non-central cities which are less than 100 km away from the central city. Moreover, the four moderating variables, the urban innovation index, the new urbanization construction level, the nearest distance from the central city, and the medical services insurance coverage rate, make the HSR has a positive impact on the rationalization level of industrial structure. Our findings are useful for both central and local governments and policymakers in accurately formulating policies related to the planning and construction of HSR, city planning, and planning the development of the industrial structure for each city nearby the HSR. • Investigate the impacts of HSR on industrial developments for non-central cities. • Propose five hypotheses in terms of the siphoning, spillover and moderating effects. • Construct econometric models and conduct empirical studies to prove the newly proposed hypotheses are correct. • Provide policy suggestions for both central and local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid development of China's digital economy and many studies involving the development of digital economy, there is no unified standard on the measurement of digital economy, and the existing accounting methods all have certain shortcomings. In view of this, this paper constructs a set of accounting system to measure the scale of digital economy industry, from the perspective of digital industrialization and industrial digitization, based on input-output tables. We separate digital economy from traditional industries by splitting and merging IO tables using data such as the Economic Census Yearbook and SAT to calculate the scale of digital economy industry. In this paper, data from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces in 2017 were used as an example for the calculation. The accounting results show that there is still a large gap in digital economy industry development between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, with the total digital economy industry scale, industry digitization scale, digital industrialization scale and the proportion of digital economy value added to GDP in Beijing being much higher than those in Hebei and Tianjin. In addition, due to the characteristics of the respective industrial structures in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the percentages of the four major categories in digital industrialization also show different performance. The share of digital technology application industry in Beijing is much higher than that in Tianjin and Hebei, while the share of digital product manufacturing in Hebei and Tianjin is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the influence of renewable energy transition, industrialization, and green innovation on the ecological sustainability of selected OECD countries using annual data from 1990 to 2019. It also evaluates the moderating effects of industrialization and green innovation on ecological footprints. In doing so, we apply method of moments quantile regression that allows asymmetric impacts of energy transition and other variables at conditional quantiles of ecological footprint (EFP). The initial findings justify the presence of cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneous slope coefficients, panel cointegration, and stationarity properties of the data. The results from linear heterogeneous estimators confirm that clean energy transition and green innovations reduce EFP. In contrast, industrialization, economic growth, and foreign investment contribute to higher EFP. The outcomes through MMQR reveal that industrialization, economic growth, and foreign investment contribute to a higher EFP; however, their marginal contribution substantially varied at lower and higher quantiles of EF. Manifestly, the impact of the renewable energy transition is more substantial at higher quantiles and vice versa. The moderating effects of industrialization and green innovation implied that the integration of green innovation policy neutralizes negative fallouts of industrial processes. These results offer valuable policy recommendations. • MMQR applied to address non-linearity in OECD panel from 1990 to 2019. • Renewable energy transition reduces EF. • Industrialization and FDI contribute to a higher EF. • Green innovation mitigates the negative influence of Industrialization on EF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received renewed attention due to the continued rise in lithium prices. SIBs are promising to replace lithium-ion batteries under various application scenarios, such as large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles. As the core of SIBs, electrode materials are the key factor demining the electrochemical performance. Key drawback, including cycle stability, air stability and energy density, are refraining the development of SIBs off-industrialization. For a systematic understanding on the development of SIBs, in this review, we summarized the progress of SIBs from the industrialization viewpoint, including the fabrication methods suitable for large scale production of electrode materials of SIBs, and the optimization strategies to improve electrochemical performance. Finally, we proposed promising directions for future development of electrode materials for SIBs toward industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce thermal degradation of tea polyphenols (TP) in final active packaging materials, poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT), starch, plasticizer, and TP were directly synthesized into masterbatches by one-pot method in this study without pre-dispersion, and then blown into active films. TP interacted with starch through hydrogen bonds, with little interaction with PBAT. Barrier properties were improved by incorporating TP into the films, whereas mechanical properties slightly decreased. Blending starch into PBAT greatly accelerated the degradation of the film. And the incorporation of TP slowed down the short-term degradation of the starch/PBAT film, but accelerated the long-term degradation. The initial total polyphenol content in the active film was positively related to the TP loading, whereas the initial retention rate remained above 95 % regardless of TP loadings. The retention rate of TP in active films decreased with storage time, but it was still above 80 % after 12 months, with a favorable stability. TP-loaded films displayed efficient antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with strong dose dependence. The release of TP into food simulants was mainly induced by random diffusion, with little effect from polymer swelling. The short-term release kinetics was well described by Fick's second law. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of TP being incorporated into the active films with high retention through high-throughput fabrication, which provides formula and technical options for the industrial development of active packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of IoT technologies in industrial settings is changing the way manufacturing companies perceive their production processes, allowing for more accurate monitoring of production-related parameters. Due to the introduction of IoT technologies and associated enhancements in terms of data acquisition, processing, and availability, it becomes possible for manufacturing companies to tackle complex issues, such as the efficiency of production. In this paper, the development of an Industrial IoT solution targeting the fish canning industrial sector is described, as an approach to identify and monitor raw input material losses as well as water and energy waste, an endemic issue of the sector, promoting an increased efficiency in the production processes. This paper mainly focuses on the description of the implementation of the proposed IoT technologies for monitoring waste and loss, and its deployment in three distinct environments, including at a fish canning manufacturing company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Industry 4.0 generates an important effect on the integration of value chains. The speed of this transformation takes various forms depending on the branches of industrial production and has a differentiated impact on SMEs, deepening the development gap in the different regions of the world. In this scenario, the SMEs of the manufacturing industry in Latin American countries find themselves immersed in an environment of great speed of transformation that in turn is complex and unknown in all its dimensions. Based on a study carried out in Argentina on industries from various branches of activity, the current level of technological development and the state of transformation in which they are found have been evaluated. As a result of the study, it has been detected that this type of companies faces a great lack of knowledge about the technologies that could be developed, implemented or integrated in their different functional areas. This ignorance turns out to be the main limitation of his transformation. That is why, in this article, the preliminary results of an ongoing research project are introduced in which a proposal for a Technological Transformation Process Model is being designed. This Model allows SMEs to know the products that they could implement, according to the added value needs in its different functional areas and adopt a path of transformation towards Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the globalized world, the complicated relationship between macroeconomic variables has resulted in several challenges that have a diversified influence on renewable energy intensity and sustainable development. Accordingly, maintaining a desirable level of renewable energy intensity necessitates comprehensive research into the numerous impacts of its elements and the implementation of proactive strategies to address them. However, studies focusing on assessing the influence of industrialization and trade openness on China's renewable energy intensity are limited. To address this research gap, this study seeks to develop a path model to examine this relationship by accommodating the mediating role of technical innovations and economic development. Empirical results reveal that industrialization positively influences renewable energy intensity, while trade openness negatively affects it. On the flip side, the mediation results demonstrate that technical innovation negatively mediates the linkage between industrialization and renewable energy intensity. In a similar vein, economic development negatively mediates the association between trade openness and renewable energy intensity. Based on empirical findings, essential and valuable policy considerations related to renewable energy intensity and its variables' penalties are put forward while simultaneously improving sustainable development practices. • Investigate the impact of industrialization and trade openness on renewable energy. • Analyzed the mediating role of technical innovations and economic development. • Industrialization positively influences renewable energy intensity. • Trade openness negatively influences it. • Mediating variables also negatively influence this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy, but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution, of which power plants, iron and steel, building materials, and other industries emit large amounts of pollutants. Therefore, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations, and it is against this backdrop that research into air pollution control technologies for key industrial sectors is in full swing. In particular, during the 13th Five-Year Plan, breakthroughs have been made in pollution control technology for key industrial sectors. A multi-pollutant treatment technology system of desulfurization, denitrification, and dust collection, which applies to key industries such as power plants, steel, and building materials, has been developed. High-performance materials for the treatment of different pollutants, such as denitrification catalysts and desulfurization absorbers, were developed. At the same time, multi-pollutant synergistic removal technologies for flue gas in various industries have also become a hot research topic, with important breakthroughs in the synergistic removal of NO x , SO x , and Hg. Due to the increasingly stringent emission standards and regulations in China, there is still a need to work on the development of multi-pollutant synergistic technologies and further research and development of synergistic abatement technologies for CO 2 to meet the requirements of ultra-low emissions in industrial sectors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multimodal Pre-trained models with document layout, vision-text and audio-text domains as input. • Collection of common multimodal downstream applications with related datasets. • Modality feature embedding strategies. • Cross-modality alignment pre-training tasks for different multimodal domains. • Variations of the audio-text cross-modal learning architecture. With the broad industrialization of Artificial Intelligence(AI), we observe a large fraction of real-world AI applications are multimodal in nature in terms of relevant data and ways of interaction. Pre-trained big models have been proven as the most effective framework for joint modeling of multi-modality data. This paper provides a thorough account of the opportunities and challenges of Transformer-based multimodal pre-trained model (PTM) in various domains. We begin by reviewing the representative tasks of multimodal AI applications, ranging from vision-text and audio-text fusion to more complex tasks such as document layout understanding. We particularly address the new multi-modal research domain of document layout understanding. We further analyze and compare the state-of-the-art Transformer-based multimodal PTMs from multiple aspects, including downstream applications, datasets, input feature embedding, and model architectures. In conclusion, we summarize the key challenges of this field and suggest several future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main energy consumption terminal and emission source, the engine is expected to achieve zero carbon emission with the help of hydrogen energy. Focusing on the current status and difficult issues of hydrogen engine research, this paper firstly emphasizes the importance of applying hydrogen energy in the future development of engines, secondly reviews and summarizes the development of hydrogen engines in terms of traditional structural inheritance and innovation, and then provides updated ideas for the development route of pure hydrogen fuel and the promotion of hydrogen fuel applications from the perspective of new combined fuels and industrialization challenges. A summary of the classification of hydrogen engine operating strategies is included to point out the prevailing regulation and influencing factors on hydrogen engines and the understanding of the working process. The obstacles to industrialization are related to a broader field, besides the field of scientific research, there are issues of infrastructure development, cost control, and safety standards development. • Different ignition and injection methods and mechanisms of hydrogen engines are investigated. • The inheritances and innovations of the hydrogen engine on the traditional structure are investigated. • Hydrogen engine working strategies are classified into four categories. • Blend fuels and clean alternative fuels other than hydrogen are investigated. • The challenges faced in the industrialization of hydrogen engines are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Over recent decades, developing countries have pursued export-led industrialisation policies focusing on integration in global value chains (GVCs). • Recent studies suggest that automation might limit this path for development as it eliminates the advantage of low-cost labour. • We examine this issue through the case of the wiring harness industry in north africa. • We find that automation does indeed present a risk for export-orientated industrialisation through global value chains. By comparing Morocco and Tunisia, we argue that this impact will differ across production locations based on a number of factors. • We argue that this issue highlights the structurally fragile position of developing countries in GVCs and the downside of GVC integration as a development policy. Debates on the impact of automation on the geography of production are intensifying. Automation, it is argued, will eliminate the comparative advantage of developing countries and drive processes of re-shoring. While some studies have examined this issue at a macro level, there is a need for further research into specific cases and specific global value chains (GVCs). This paper contributes to this discussion by examining the case of the German automotive wiring harness industry. This industry has passed through a phase of offshoring as German firms sought low-cost locations in Eastern Europe and North Africa. Today, German OEMs are pushing their suppliers to automate manufacturing and relocate closer to assembly production in Europe. Through research at the headquarters and in North Africa, we argue that dispersed global production is seen by German OEMs as an unsustainable and costly organisational and geographical fix that is necessitated by the slow progress of automation solutions and facilitated by the availability of low-cost labour within a logistically feasible geographical space. Through this case, we argue that automation represents a threat to the position of some developing countries in GVCs and highlight the need to move beyond the dichotomy of off-shoring/re-shoring into analysing how automation might drive restructuring of GVCs with varied outcomes in production locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Production and technological capabilities co-evolve during industrial development. • Three patterns of co-evolutionary paths across industrial stages are identified. • Case from Korea shows co-evolving capabilities during industrial development. • Industrial development involves frequent path-defying diversification. • Countries at different industrial stages need different policy approaches. This study examined the national-level co-evolutionary paths between closely interconnected production and technological capabilities during industrial development. In particular, this study suggests that these co-evolutionary paths do not result in smooth and path-following evolution of the industrial structure, as simple assembly often obscures path-dependence during industrial diversification. Rather, these paths include frequent diversification to less related products based on technological capabilities during its industrial development. This study suggests a framework to understand these co-evolutionary paths, and identifies three patterns behind successful industrial development: path-defying diversification towards core products, knowledge accumulation by production, and knowledge-based diversification. Analyses through the linkage between product and knowledge spaces visualize co-evolutionary paths. A case study of the Korean experience further identifies policies and patterns of capability development during industrial development. Based on these discussions, this study suggests different policy implications for countries at different stages of a successful transition to the next stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-war era, particularly from the mid-1980s, can be seen as a turning point for various Asian countries. Japanese success in industrialisation based on technology transfer from the industrialised West and evolution of unique endogenous scientific and technological capacities led scholars to conceptualise 'late industrialisation' and 'catching up' strategies. In a large measure, the 'East Asian Miracle' led to some erroneous misconceptions on science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies. Various writings and commentators from Africa, Asia and Latin America advocated to follow the path of East Asian Dragons. These writings begun to assume that countries can build innovation systems or dynamic technological sectors of economy within their respective countries, without paying much attention to building and strengthening science and technology (S&T) eco-systems. There are now clear STI policy signals which point to the significance of building science and technology systems before fully embarking on innovation policies. Drawing on some exemplary cases, this essay will explore the importance of S&T systems in the context of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research explores the effect of economic growth, technological innovation, trade openness, and industrialisation on energy intensity in the BRICS economies using a dataset from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, this study evaluates the combined effects of industrialisation and technological innovation on energy intensity. We employed second-generation approaches such as Westerlund co-integration, method of moments quantile regression (MMQR), and panel causality. In addition, we conducted a robustness analysis by using the long-run estimators including the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and fixed effect-ordinary least square (FE-OLS). The MMQR allows for a heterogeneous income-energy intensity nexus at different conditional quantile distributions of energy intensity, which the conventional mean regressions would generally ignore. The empirical evidence from the MMQR confirms that economic growth and industrialisation contribute to higher energy intensity; meanwhile, trade openness and technological innovation decrease the energy intensity. The combined effects of industrialisation and technological innovation reduce energy intensity in the BRICS economies. The outcomes from the MMQR are supported by the DOLS, FMOLS, and FE-OLS estimators. Furthermore, the causal interaction between the energy intensity drivers is also investigated using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests, which reveal that industrialisation and technological innovation Granger cause energy intensity. Meanwhile, a bidirectional causal interaction between economic growth and energy intensity is found, as well as between trade openness and energy intensity. Policymakers must design industrial policies that promote technological innovation, which is the mechanism of inhibiting industrialisation. • MMQR applied using BRICS Data. • Economic growth and industrialisation lead to higher energy intensity. • Trade openness and technological innovation decrease the energy intensity. • The joint effects of industrialisation and technology innovation are stronger. • Bidirectional causality exist between model variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development, accompanied by escalating energy demand in both developed and developing countries, has been unprecedented over the last two decades. The consumption of energy in G-7 countries is predominantly cleaner energy: which could have indispensable implications for sustainable economic growth. The recent literature investigating the energy-growth and the environment relationship for the G-7 region is inefficient in terms of estimation techniques or unique relationships to evaluate the environmental performance. Therefore, this study securitizes the impact of renewable energy, trade openness, industrialization, technology, and economic development on the ecological footprint in G-7 nations from 1990 to 2020 with the theoretical support of the STIRPAT model. The empirical estimations using CS-ARDL report that clean energy plays its role in mitigating environmental pollution in both the long and short run. More so, production and trade activities utilize more resources that impart their negative influence on the ecological quality. The industrialization has a direct and significant connection with the environment. Contrarily, technology has a favourable impact on ecological quality. To obtain robust results, this study applies the AMG panel approach and argues some policy implications for regulators to accomplish sustainable economic growth and carbon neutrality targets. • Examine the pattern of renewable energy, trade openness, and technology. • The panel data using the CS-ARDL approach from 1990 to 2020 is used for analysis. • Both renewable energy and technology tend to improve environmental quality. • Trade openness and industrialization drive more ecological footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood lead exposure has been linked to severe adverse health outcomes throughout life. Measurements of lead in teeth have established that individuals living in contaminated environments show higher levels compared to individuals living further away, although less is known about when individuals are most susceptible to these exposures. We examined lead (Pb208) concentrations (ppm) in teeth over the first 2.5 years of life in 16 children born in the late 19th to early 20th century throughout Romania. This period of intense industrialization was characterized by increases in mining, coal burning, and oil refining—activities that contaminate air, water, and food with Pb. We hypothesized the distance from an operational mine or oil refinery, or being born in a city, would be positively associated with cumulative dentine Pb exposure (CDPE). We also predicted that Pb exposures would peak in the first six months of life when gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of Pb is likely highest. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of sectioned tooth dentine followed by Bayesian statistical analyses revealed that living 30 km or more from a mine or oil refinery did not explain CDPE. However, being born in a city explained 42% of CDPE. All individuals showed maximum Pb exposures after six months of age, likely due to contaminated solid food and/or non-milk liquids. This research demonstrates how tooth formation can be coupled with comprehensive elemental mapping to analyse the context and timing of early-life neurotoxicant exposures, which may be extended to well-preserved teeth from clinical and historic populations. [Display omitted] • Lead levels in teeth from Bucharest and Constanța exceeded those from rural areas. • Maximum exposure occurred after 6 months of age in all samples. • Comprehensive laser mapping of elements in teeth improves sampling resolution. • This method can be extended to infer health outcomes in historical collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current sodium-ion battery technologies are hindered by limitations in cathode material performance, including insufficient cycle stability and low energy density, which impede their wider application and competitiveness with lithium-ion counterparts. Addressing these challenges requires innovative material engineering to improve electrochemical properties and operational durability. In this study, we synthesized a series of Na 1-2x Ca x (Ni 0.33 Mn 0.33 Fe 0.33)O 2 (x = 0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.04, 0.05), by doping with electrochemically inactive Ca2+. Our findings demonstrate that doping with Ca2+ significantly enhances the electrochemical performance, as evidenced by comparisons with undoped materials. Specifically, the material Na 0.95 Ca 0.025 (Ni 0.33 Mn 0.33 Fe 0.33)O 2 , synthesized at 900 °C, showed the best electrochemical performance, achieving an initial discharge specific capacity of 137 mAh/g within a voltage range of 2–4 V, maintaining a capacity of 117 mAh/g at a 5C discharge rate, and exhibiting a capacity retention rate of 96.2 % after 50 cycles at 1C. Additionally, Ca2+ doping was found to enhance the air stability, with negligible change in initial discharge capacity after exposure to air for 24 and 72 h. This doping strategy not only improves the performance of sodium-ion batteries but also supports the development of high-energy–density industrial batteries, offering a viable approach to designing other layered oxide materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption technology provides the ability of confidential transmission to ensure the security of Industrial Internet communication, but it makes detecting malicious encrypted traffic very difficult. To resolve the conflict between the difficulty of malicious encrypted traffic detection and the requirements of traffic privacy protection, we propose a cloud-assisted Industrial Internet malicious encrypted traffic detection scheme with privacy protection. To accurately match the encrypted traffic and the detection rules, a privacy set intersection protocol based on the oblivious pseudorandom function and random garbled Bloom filter is constructed, which can detect malicious traffic without revealing data content. Meanwhile, our scheme can allow semi-trusted cloud servers to assist resource-constrained end devices to participate in private calculations. The key-homomorphic encryption is introduced to obfuscate the detection rules, making the detection rules always transparent to end users and semi-trusted cloud servers. We also design the random input verification to make the malicious end users do not have any opportunity to participate in the privacy set intersection calculation using arbitrary data. The scheme analysis and performance evaluation results show that our scheme can effectively guarantee the security of encrypted traffic detection with better detection performance and limited resource consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in carbon emissions linked to the tourism industry has challenged its long-standing reputation as an eco-friendly sector. In parallel, the digital economy's evolution has introduced a series of transformations within tourism. This necessitates a thorough examination of the intricate interplay between the digital economy and carbon emissions in the tourism sector. With the help of Chinese provincial panel data, this study uncovers a compelling relationship marked by an inverted "U" curve through two-way fixed model, moderated effects model and threshold regression analysis. Intriguingly, an increase in road density shifts the inflection point of this curve to the lower left. As road density reaches a critical threshold of 0.361, it not only amplifies the elasticity of the inverted "U" curve but also accelerates the timeline to reach peak tourism-related carbon emissions. This study underscores a significant practical implication: while digital technology exacerbates carbon emissions from tourism at this stage, the dampening effect of digital technology is to be expected as the development of industrial manufacturing brings better transportation. However, the timing of the tipping point may be earlier or later for different regions, depending on whether the local level of industry is sufficiently developed. • The inverted "U" curve relationship between digital economy growth and tourism carbon emissions at the provincial level in China is validated. • Transportation accessibility is a key mechanism by which the digital economy affects carbon emissions from tourism. • This paper predicts the conditions for an inflection point in tourism carbon emissions within digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An online sampling and MS detection method was developed to study the alkylation of PCl 3 with CH 4. • The addition of chloromethanes significantly enhanced PCl 3 conversion. • The effects of operation conditions on Y MDP and S MDP were systematically studied. • Chloromethanes converted into lower chlorinated-methanes and chloro-olefins. An online sampling and mass spectrometry (MS) detection method was developed to study the alkylation of PCl 3 with methane at high temperature for synthesis of methyl-dichloride phosphine (CH 3 PCl 2 , MDP), which was a free radical reaction on a millisecond time scale. Through qualitative analysis, the byproducts P 4 and chloro-dimethyl-phosphine ((CH 3) 2 PCl, CDMP) were identified, with their formation mechanisms elucidated for the first time. The effects of operation conditions, including temperature, residence time, and types and concentrations of chloromethanes (CH 4- x Cl x , x = 2, 3, 4), on both MDP yield and selectivity, were systematically investigated. The optimal operation conditions were determined based on MDP yield and selectivity. The addition of chloromethanes significantly enhanced PCl 3 conversion. Chloromethanes underwent conversion in the reaction, promoting PCl 3 conversion while also continuously converting into lower chlorinated methane derivatives. These results are of great significance for guiding rational industrial process development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]