1. Electrochemical storage reactions of hydrogen in activated carbon from phenolic resin.
- Author
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Andrews, John, Ojha, Ruchika, Rezaei Niya, Seyed Mohammad, and Seibt, Susanne
- Subjects
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ACTIVATED carbon , *PHENOLIC resins , *HYDROGEN storage , *ELECTRIC double layer , *DEIONIZATION of water , *ELECTRICAL energy , *HYDROGEN evolution reactions - Abstract
Electrochemical storage of neutralised protons in porous carbon materials such as activated carbons and multi-layer graphene is becoming possible using novel technologies such as the proton battery and proton flow reactor. This set-up is a promising option for electrical energy storage at various scales, and possibly for exporting a zero-emission hydrogen-based fuel. This paper focusses on understanding and identifying the contributions to hydrogen storage in activated carbon from phenolic resin (aC PR) from processes such as electric double layer capacitance, electrosorption, cationic concentration by intercalation in ultramicropores, and reversible faradaic (redox) reactions between hydronium, and negatively-charged carbon surfaces inside pores with and without intermediary oxygen groups. A combination of XPS, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy is employed to identify the forms of C ⋯ H reactions involved, together with temperature programmed desorption, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging and discharging. Experimental evidence for the formation of C⋯H bonding in aC PR is presented, which promises to be sufficient for use of this and similar carbon materials as a solid-state hydrogen storage material with competitive energy density. [Display omitted] • Principal mechanisms for electrochemical hydrogen storage in carbon-based materials are discussed. • C...H bonding is characterised through XPS, Raman, and infrared techniques. • Hydrogen stored in an activated carbon is retained and recovered after drying the powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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