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This article discusses the future of immunotherapeutic approaches for managing melanoma. It highlights the development of personalized mRNA vaccines, which have shown promise in clinical trials. The article also discusses the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a form of treatment for melanoma, as well as bispecific T-cell engagers. These advancements in immunotherapy have the potential to improve treatment options for patients with melanoma and other malignancies. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses 3 things that ophthalmologists should know about treating uveal melanoma (UM). It includes recent advances in UM prognosis, such as a risk stratification based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system, the diagnostic techniques used to triage UM, and the approval of bispecific antibody tebentafusp as a new treatment for metastatic UM.

A study presented at the ESMO Conference showed that tebentafusp provides a long-term survival benefit for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. The study found that approximately one-third of patients who received tebentafusp treatment continued to see a response at 18 months. The results confirm tebentafusp as a standard of care for patients with previously untreated HLA-A*02:01-positive metastatic uveal melanoma. No new safety signals were identified, and the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects was lower in the tebentafusp group compared to the control group. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the key presentations at the 2021 Hospital Optometrists Annual Conference held online. Optometrist Helen Wilson gave a presentation on emergency eye care that took the form of a case discussion. Consultant Paul Rundle of the Ocular Oncology Service in Sheffield gave an overview of the nature of pigmented lesions of the fundus. Doctor Tony Redmond of Cardiff University offered insight into his work looking at significance of fields assessment in screening for glaucoma.

The article presents a case study of a 71-year-old White male with nevus of ota who presented with a choroidal mass in his left eye. Clinical features of the mass include a dome-shaped elevation with indistinct borders and orange pigment spots overlying the surface. The article discusses that the differential diagnoses in this case included intraocular melanoma choroidal nevus and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE).

The article presents a case of a 54-year-old woman with an amblyopic left eye to discuss choroidal uveal melanoma. Based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, a mass with subretinal fluid in her retina hinted of possible choroidal melanoma. Also cited are the pathophysiology of said melanoma, and some management options like plaque brachytherapy.

The article describes three cases of suspected uveal melanomas. It includes a 65-year-old male patient who was found to have a bulge in the iris during a slit-lamp examination, a case offering an insight into the monitoring of choroidal melanomas, and a case involving lesions affecting the iris and ciliary body.

The article focuses on a case study of a patient with an unusual choroidal malignant melanoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as central serous chorioretinopathy. Topics include the evolution of technology and knowledge for examinations and the importance of considering alternative etiologies when symptoms do not improve with treatment.

The article explores a choroidal naevus is a very common finding in an otherwise normal healthy retina, present in about 1 in 20 of the general population. With the advent of ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy systems, such as Optomap, the presence of naevi has been greatly highlighted and it is not uncommon to see upwards of 80 naevi a week in a routine cohort of patients.

The article present case study of a 60-year-old Caucasian woman, a long-term patient in private practice (JS) with mass lesion of the ciliary body. It discusses the detection and successful treatment of a ciliary body malignant melanoma in a patient with brown eyes; challenges in detecting melanoma in the ciliary body during routine eye exams; the significance of eye color in detection; and the use of ultrawidefield imaging for diagnosis.

The article discusses some developments in the treatment of ocular cancer. Topics covered include retinoblastoma as the most common primary intraocular cancer in children, the use of intra-arterial chemotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy in treating retinoblastoma, and the effectiveness of intravitreous chemotherapy in tumor control. Also mentioned are the treatment approaches for uveal melanoma and ocular adnexal lymphoma.

The article discusses Ocular Melanoma or OM. Ninety five percent of OMs are uveal and balance are conjunctival. Symptoms, diagnosis and testing of OM are discussed in detail. The article refers to Optical coherence tomography or OCT , enhanced depth imaging OCT or EDI-OCT and anterior segment OCT imaging that can be useful. Prognosis of OMs and treatment options are also elaborated in the article. INSET: Conjunctival Melanoma.

The article presents a case study of 62-year-old white male with pigmented choroidal lesion in the left eye suspicious for melanoma with painless blurred vision and history of LASIK surgery. Physical examination revealed normal visual fields and dome-shaped lesion, with hyperpigmented choroidal lesion causing elevation of the retina. Diagnosis of vortex vein varix was considered.

The article presents case studies related to scleritis. Among the cases presented are a 66-year-old Indian male with bilateral red and mildly painful eyes diagnosed with a bilateral sectoral nodular scleritis, a 47-year-old white female with a very painful, red left eye with decreased vision diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma, and a 42-year-old white male with an acute, painful, and red right eye and a systemic history of melanoma.

The article discusses updates in vaccination, Workers reporting eyesight issues during lockdown and ultraviolet radiation being linked to eye cancer.

The article discusses several retinal-based paraneoplastic syndromes including cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), and paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (PVM). It says that symptoms of CAR is photopsias, color impairment, and nyctalopia. It adds that MAR shows clinical features of rod-mediated dysfunction, onset of shimmering photopsias, and color impairment. Meanwhile, PVM closely resembles vitelliform dystrophies like best macular dystrophy (BMD).

The article focuses on the medical condition of a diabetic 43-year-old American male who was brought to the office of optometrist Dawn Bearden for an annual dilated eye exam. Result revealed that he has an amelanotic melanoma inside his eyes. However, his condition calls for further eye examination such as type 1 dilated-pupil eye examinations within five years after the onset of diabetes, type 2 after diagnosis, and subsequent examinations combining both types within a year.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is well recognised to be the main environmental cause of skin cancer. Sunbeds provide a source of artificial UV light exposure, and their widespread use for cosmetic tanning purposes raises concern about further increases in the already rising levels of skin cancer in the UK. There is evidence that those who have used sunbeds are at increased risk of developing malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. However, no increased risk of basal cell carcinoma or dose-response relationship between sunbed use and skin cancer has as yet been identified. As the common usage of sunbeds has only been in place since the 1980s, there may be a significant lag time before we see the true damage being done by these devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of many skin conditions relies heavily on recognising visual features, which can differ depending on skin tone. But until recently, most medical textbooks and online resources have only depicted presentation on light skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several considerations in how to image choroidal nevi the smart way as discussed by Carol L. Shields, chief of Ocular Oncology Service at Willys Eye Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Topics covered include how imaging helps identify choroidal nevi with risk factors for growth to melanoma, how outcomes differ based on various combinations of risk factors and whether the rate of transformation of nevi to melanoma is the same for different races.

The article discusses a 2021 study which shows the marked difference in the early and late stages of uveal melanoma (UV). Based on a multiregional genomic sequencing of 22 tumors from two patients with the condition, multiple seeding events from the primary tumors and late driver variants and other genes were observed. Also noted is the revelation of complexity in the genetic evolution of the late phases of metastatic UV, which has implications for novel therapeutic approaches.

The article presents a case study of a grandmother with a history of a palpable mass in the right neck after undergoing a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. The patient was found to have positive metastatic melanoma cells and was not recommended to have radical neck surgery. Details related to the recommended axillary-node dissection and post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy is offered. This article discusses lung nodule treatment using a video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) wedge resection and Cyberknife treatments.

This article presents a case study of a female commercial pilot with a 1.84 millimeter non-ulcerated melanoma on the right lateral back with a Clark level IV. Details related to the key pathological findings like superficial spreading tumor subtype, absent evidence of regression and a recommended 2 centimeter margin of excision for patient with melanoma is offered. This article also discusses the recommended Sentinel Node Biopsy (SNL) for patient with 18% risk of regional lymph node involvement and the completion lymph node dissection (CLND).

The article discusses the difference between choroidal nevi and choroidal melanomas. It states that estimates of the prevalence of choroidal nevi is from five to ten percent of the population compared to choroidal melanomas which has an incidence of six per million, even if they are seen as the most common primary intraocular malignancy. The author describes the characteristics of nevi, and discusses ways of detecting small melanomas.

This article reports on the findings of a literature review exploring the psychological impact of malignant melanoma on patients, from diagnosis to follow up. It examines the preferences expressed by patients with regard to ongoing support from nurses in this field, and draws attention to some implications for practice. A small but significant body of literature provides information on the psychological stress experienced by patients with melanoma, and on their coping strategies. Preferences are expressed on the way that information is given at diagnosis and the support offered by the healthcare team during diagnosis and at later consultations. These preferences and experiences have implications for nurses working in cancer care in general, and skin cancer in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the genomic landscape of conjunctival melanoma. Topics covered include the findings of molecular genetic testing for actionable mutations of the disease, tumor specimens that were found to have the highest frequency mutations, and mutations identified in four patients who had choroidal melanoma markers.

The article discusses a study by John O. Mason on the incidence of uveal melanoma in a population group in Huntersville, North Carolina and in Auburn, Alabama to shed light on the genetic causes of the disease. Preliminary findings showed that most cases in Huntersville involved women, while the Auburn group are split in number. It was recommended to continue the investigations to identify commonalities in both groups with potential genetic and/or environmental causes.

The article discusses the clinical etiologies of conjunctival tumors in children. Topics covered include misdiagnosis of conjunctional junctional nevi as primary acquired melanosis, treatment of hamartomas and choristomas based on their size and any resulting functional disturbance, and xeroderma pigmentosa being inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with full penetrance.

The article discusses the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanoma. It states that choroidal and ciliary body melanoma are the most common ocular malignancies in ophthalmology, and mentions the emergence of several citations concerning the disease. It also mentions the advances of examining and diagnosing the disease through indirect ophthalmoscopy and skilled ultrasonography, which provide accurate results in more than 99 percent of cases.

The article reports on the signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and management of choroidal nevus and choroidal melanoma. Both of the melanomas represent space-occupying masses of the uveal tract and are derived from uveal melanocytes. The development of melanoma is associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Brachytherapy is said to be the most common method used by clinicians in treating them.

The article discusses the increasing rates of melanoma and the importance of public health campaigns.

The article presents a randomized study being conducted at the U.S. National Cancer Institute that examines the effectivity of isolated hepatic perfusion as treatment for Ocular Melanoma. The researchers are testing patients using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) procedure followed by the administration of melphalan and temozolomide. Lead researcher James F. Pingpank relates that the patients exhibit the same response rate as the open protocol, however, with less response variability.

The article discusses a study on the treatment for the GNAQ-driven metastatic uveal melanoma, an aggressive form of the disease. Topics covered include the MEK inhibitor trametinib or the second generation RAF/MEK inhibitor VS-6766 combined with defactinib, a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor as two components of the treatment; how the treatment works; and the importance of cotargeting with FAK and RAF/MEK to provide a new network-based precision therapeutic strategy.

The article presents a medical case of a 67-year-old Hispanic female referred due to a 6-month history of gradual peripheral vision loss. The patients medical history was significant for an episode of meningoencephalitis at 1 year of age, which did not result in any lasting neurologic deficit. The patient's medical history and ERG findings, several other findings led to a diagnosis of melanoma-associated retinopathy.

The article provides information on two uveal tract diseases, choroidal nevus and choroidal melanoma. These diseases both represent space occupying masses of the uveal tract. They are both derived from uveal melanocytes. Information on their causes, clinical features, treatment, and some clinical pearls of the disease are offered.

The article focuses on main concern always raised is the maintenance of independence from commercial pressures this will be tricky if trainees are under contract to one single employer throughout their entire qualification period and the online petition to reject the scheme has signatories.

The article presents a discussion and quiz on vision loss. A patient had a suspicious choroidal nevus but within several months, the lesion became malignant and showed evidence of growth. Historically, enucleation had been the standard of care for treating uveal melanomas until eye-conserving methods. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) evaluated some of these different options. Specifically, COMS randomized patients who had choroidal melanomas to various treatment regiments depending on the size of the tumor.

Describes the clinical characteristics of malignant eyelid tumors. Basal cell carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Sebaceous gland carcinoma; Malignant melanoma; Recommendations for therapy of the different types of malignant eyelid tumors.

The article discusses a study by Arun D. Singh of the Cleveland Clnic that examined the survival rate of patients with uveal melanoma following enucleation. Based on multi-center, 20-year data the study found that the five-year survival rate was stable at 81% despite shift to globe-preserving treatment. It was also found that this relative survival rate will remain horizontal due to micro-metastasis predominantly in the liver unless adjuvant therapy is offered.

The article discusses a study by Sana Patel of the MD Anderson Cancer Center on updates on clinical trials to improve survival rate among patients with uveal melanoma. Clinical trials using adjuvant nivolumab, ipilimumab, selmentinib and glembatumumab showed promising results although these findings are not conclusive if they will lead to improvement of overall survival. Also discussed are findings from trials using bromo-domain inhibitors and melphalan infusion.

The article discusses a study by Carol L. Shields of Will Eye Hospital that investigated the efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate as adjuvant treatment for high-risk uveal melanoma (UM). Findings showed that the use of sunitinib in high risk UM patients with no metastasis but high risk cytogenetics had improved survival rate of 85% at 6 years compared with 40% in those not using additional medications. It suggests that sinutinib is an effective adjuvant treatment for UM.

The article reports that the researchers recently developed a nomogram that may help clinicians predict visual acuity outcomes for patients with uveal melanoma undergoing plaque radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It mentions that the team used two point systems for visual acuity outcome—one with clinical risk factors and the other with both clinical and treatment risk factors.

The article presents case study of a 53-year-old gentleman who was seen by his optometrist four weeks after routine cataract surgery. It is noted that the patient demonstrated no operative or post-operative complications, but examination of the peripheral retina worried practitioners. It was found to be choroidal nevus, which is a benign melanocytic tumor with a prevalence in the over 40s of approximately 5%.