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In group foraging situations, the conventional expectation is that increased food availability would enhance consumption, especially when animals prioritize maximizing their food intake. This paper challenges this conventional wisdom by conducting an in-depth game-theoretic analysis of a basic producer-scrounger model, in which animals must choose between intensive food searching as producers or moderate searching while relying on group members as scroungers. Surprisingly, our study reveals that, under certain circumstances, increasing food availability can amplify the inclination to scrounge to such an extent that it paradoxically leads to a reduction in animals' food consumption compared to scenarios with limited food availability. We further illustrate a similar phenomenon in a model capturing free-riding dynamics among workers in a company. We demonstrate that, under certain reward mechanisms, enhancing workers' production capacities can inadvertently trigger a surge in free-riding behavior, leading to both diminished group productivity and reduced individual payoffs. Our findings underscore the significance of contextual factors when comprehending and predicting the impact of resource availability on individual and collective outcomes.

Authors of posts in social media communicate their emotions and what causes them with text and images. While there is work on emotion and stimulus detection for each modality separately, it is yet unknown if the modalities contain complementary emotion information in social media. We aim at filling this research gap and contribute a novel, annotated corpus of English multimodal Reddit posts. On this resource, we develop models to automatically detect the relation between image and text, an emotion stimulus category and the emotion class. We evaluate if these tasks require both modalities and find for the image-text relations, that text alone is sufficient for most categories (complementary, illustrative, opposing): the information in the text allows to predict if an image is required for emotion understanding. The emotions of anger and sadness are best predicted with a multimodal model, while text alone is sufficient for disgust, joy, and surprise. Stimuli depicted by objects, animals, food, or a person are best predicted by image-only models, while multimodal models are most effective on art, events, memes, places, or screenshots., Comment: WASSA 2022 at ACL 2022, published at https://aclanthology.org/2022.wassa-1.1/ Please cite using https://aclanthology.org/2022.wassa-1.1.bib

The article focuses on career and technical education (CTE), sometimes referred to as vocational education, provides occupational and non-occupational preparation at the secondary and postsecondary levels. It mentions investments in CTE aim to increase the number of individuals with industry-recognized credentials in order to reduce unemployment, improve individual earnings, and benefit the nation's economy. It also mentions initiatives designed to improve workforce development.

Those needing extra sleep often reach for the bottle of melatonin, but Mississippi State scientists are discovering a host of other proven and potential health benefits for cattle who receive the supplement. "We just completed a study comparing melatonin supplements given to cattle living in Montana to our cattle at MSU over the winter months, and the differences were notable", said Lemley. [Extracted from the article]

Public health experts warn of a growing menace: the spread of bacterial infections that antibiotics are powerless to cure. Such infections, caused by pathogens known as superbugs, kill an estimated 700,000 people per year around the world, 23,000 of them Americans. In the United States alone, fighting superbugs consumes up to $20 billion in health care costs annually, a recent study found. Because humans and livestock consume so many antibiotics -- billions of doses a day -- many bacteria are becoming resistant to the drugs. Some doctors prescribe antibiotics indiscriminately, and countries such as India allow over-the-counter sales of the drugs. Making matters worse, pharmaceutical companies are not producing enough new antibiotics to replace those that are no longer effective. Some experts hope heightened awareness of the superbug threat, along with better diagnostic tools, will contain the problem, but others say governments must act more quickly to reduce antibiotic consumption. Meanwhile, researchers are seeking alternatives to antibiotics, such as using the immune system to quell infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing frequency, scientists are finding evidence that planets and moons throughout the universe could be hospitable to life. Nearly 1,800 planets orbiting stars other than the sun have been confirmed since 1995, including more than 700 in February alone. Scientists now conclude that the Milky Way galaxy alone contains a trillion planets, and many believe microbial life, if not intelligent life, exists beyond Earth. Still, finding extraterrestrial life poses enormous challenges. Adequate instruments for observation and sufficient scientific understanding don't yet exist to determine whether distant planets -- or even potentially habitable moons in our own solar system -- harbor life. Moreover, scientists are split on whether sending robots or humans to explore distant worlds is more effective. The biggest challenge for space science, however, may be Washington budget-cutting, which has made it difficult to ensure stable, long-term funding for large scientific projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Cranswick; Dunbia; PilgriM&Amp; #39; s Pride EN Cranswick Dunbia PilgriM&Amp #39 s Pride N.PAG N.PAG 1 01/07/21 20201209 NES 201209 Cranswick and Moy Park are among the UK's largest meat businesses that have penned a letter to the Government seeking decisive action in relation to post-Brexit trading. They claim that after 1 January, UK firms will be at a "severe competitive disadvantage" due to the new requirement to complete an Export Health Certificate for every single delivery of animal origin products to the EU. UK to EU food exporters are facing an exponential increase in red tape to comply with EU third-country rules", it said. [Extracted from the article]

American consumers spend more than $1 trillion on food each year. The combined efforts of the food industry and government regulatory agencies often are credited with making the U.S. food supply among the safest in the world. Nonetheless, public health officials have estimated that each year in the United States, many millions of people become sick and thousands die from foodborne illnesses caused by any of a number of microbial pathogens and other contaminants. At issue is whether food safety agencies have the resources, authority, and structural organization to safeguard the public, and whether they use resources effectively. Also at issue is whether federal food safety laws, first enacted in the early 1900s, have kept pace with the significant changes in the food production, processing, and marketing sectors since then. In the 111th Congress, comprehensive food safety legislation passed both the House (H.R. 2749) in July 2009 and the Senate (S. 510) in November 2010. Both the House and Senate bills mainly focus on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) food regulation rather than that of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), which oversees most meat and poultry. The bills would generally expand or modify existing FDA authorities rather than create a new food safety structure or authorities. Future congressional action, however, remains uncertain. Following passage of the Senate-passed bill, it was reported that the House might block the Senate bill using a procedure known as "blueslipping," because the bill contains fees that might be subject to certain tax origination provisions. Food safety legislation is a response to a number of perceived problems with the current food safety system. For example, a growing consensus is that the FDA's current programs are not proactively designed to emphasize prevention, evaluate hazards, and focus inspection resources on areas of greatest risk to public health. Given its widely acknowledged funding and staffing constraints, and no explicit requirement on the frequency of inspections, the agency infrequently visits food manufacturing and other facilities to check sanitary and other conditions. Both the House and Senate bills (in different ways) would require food processing, manufacturing, shipping, and other regulated facilities to conduct an analysis of the most likely safety hazards and to design and implement risk-based controls to prevent them. The bills envision establishment of science-based "performance standards" for the most significant food contaminants. To help determine such risks and hazards, the bills propose improvement of foodborne illness surveillance systems. Both bills seek to increase frequency of inspections, tighten record-keeping requirements, extend more oversight to certain farms, and mandate product recalls if a firm fails to institute them voluntarily. Major portions of the bills are devoted to increasing the scrutiny of food imports, which account for a growing share of U.S. consumption; food import shipments would have to be accompanied by documentation that they can meet safety standards that are at least equivalent to U.S. standards. Such certifications might be provided by foreign governments or other so-called third parties accredited in advance. The House and Senate bills differ in how to accomplish these objectives. The bills have provisions for certifying or accrediting laboratories, including private laboratories, to conduct sampling and testing of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several tables are presented depicting the content alignment for fourth grade in Arkansas.

The article reports that the European Commission will start talks on front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling. It mentions that industry lobby group FoodDrinkEurope has welcomed the launch of discussions but called for a more structured dialogue. It mentions that Mars has pulled itself out of Evolved Nutrition Labelling (ENL), but PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and Unilever will continue its support to ENL.

The article reports that Brazil's government will appeal to the World Trade Organization (WTO) against European Union pressure on its meat industry that is expected to lead to a ban on imports into the bloc. It mentions views of Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Blairo Maggi on the same. It states that BRF has been allowed to resume production at nine plants that export to the European Union.

A reprint of the article " Greencore "disappointed" by level of exceptional charges," by Andy Coyne that was first publish in the November 28, 2017 issue of www.just-food.com is presented.The article reports on the approval by the European Union (EU) of a five-year license for the production of good and services.

The article discusses the food companies of the European Union member states which are liable for the contamination of insecticide fipronil in foods containing egg or chicken in the market after August 1, 2017. It states that the fipronil scandal has shaken the Dutch eggs business in which the Dutch poultry services company ChickFriend was accused for using the insecticide to rid farms of red mites.