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Looking primarily at the issues of black students at South African universities and of access and bursaries, the seven articles contained in this document focus on access to tertiary education, the kind of support provided to students once they have gained access, and the roles for which people are being educated. Following an introduction by John Samuel, the first article, "Underprepared Students in Underprepared Universities," by Hugh H. Philpott puts forward an alternative manner of addressing the issue of academic support programs more integrally related to the university. In the second article, "Black Universities: The Persistent Challenge," Buti Tlhagale examines the constraints and challenges of the universities and recognizes them as important arenas in the struggle for democratic university education in South Africa. The third article, "The University of Durban-Westville: The Struggle for a Progressive Identity" by Ratnamala Singh, highlights the danger of viewing all of the black universities as the same. The fourth article, "Persistent Problems at Tertiary Level: Some Possible Solutions Developing at the University of the Western Cape," Merlyn C. Mehl and G. Jakes Gerwel address ways to extend resources so that large numbers of students have access. In the fifth article, "Bursaries in South Africa: Factors To Consider in Drafting a Five-Year Plan," Neville Alexander points out the need for an effective research capacity, coordination, and the development of a database. In the sixth article, "Manpower Needs in South Africa: Challenges Facing Education and Educators," George Negota notes the urgent need to identify priority fields in the areas of human resources development. The final article, "How Recent Developments in Tertiary Education in South Africa Affect Overseas Study: Observations and Questions from a U.S.-based Bursary Administering Agency" by Sheila Avrin McLean, addresses the need for more effective information on issues. A list of 24 participants concludes the document. (CK)

Counselors working with students from South Africa need to be aware that the system of apartheid has created separate and unequal societies resulting in major differences in student educational, cultural, political and other backgrounds. In addition, counselors need to be aware of individual differences as well as differences in how people cope with an oppressive system and adjust to a different culture. Because these differences may underlie problems in the counseling situation, they should be considered by program sponsors, foreign student advisors, academic advisors and college counsellors in dealing with student problems related to South Africa, and also in helping South African students realize their goals. Background factors from both black and white South African student perspectives which should be considered are defined and discussed. Crisis situations which affect South African students on college campuses are also identified. It is recommended that the information be used as a frame of reference in academic advisement, counseling and program management. (LPT)

Presented in seven parts, titles in part 1 of these conference papers are: "The Uses of Educational History" (Eisele); "The Modern Assault on Public Schools" (Romanish); and "Human Rights and Education" (Padavil). In part 2, the paper titles are: "Jane Addams' Hull-House" (Colky); "Educational Policy and Conflict in the Chicago Schools" (Smith), and "Working for Cincinnati's Public Schools, 1830-1900" (Bertaux). Part 3 titles are: "The Latin Question" (Everett) and "Mother Theodore Guerin and the Education of Sister-Teachers, 1840-1856" (Scatena). Part 4 titles are: "Education for the Poor in Nineteenth Century Italy and Spain" (Wolf); "Modern Education and Social Change in the State of Kerala, India" (Thottupuram); and "The Memorandum of 1839" (Reagan). Part 5 "Schools for Scandal" (Perko) examines the Roman Catholic criticism of public schools from 1900 to 1940. In part 6, the titles are: "Veterinary Medicine from 1850 until 1890" (Lang); "Educational Engineering" (Sealander); "Spreading the Gospel" (Lakes); and "'Blest Be the Tie that Binds'" (Stith). Part 7 discusses the history of the educational system in Muncie (Indiana) and the ideological perspectives for social reconstruction of Robert Owen and William McClure. The titles are "Education in Middletown" (Jones) and "Reconstructive Themes in Robert Owen's and William MacClure's Plans for New Harmony, Indiana, 1824-1830" (Gutek). The conference keynote address "Chronology of the History of Institutional Pre-School Education in Hungary" (Vag), the program, the business meeting's minutes, and the directory of attendance are included. (DJC)

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the 13th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2017, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), in Budapest, Hungary, April 10-12, 2017. The Mobile Learning 2017 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrates developments in the field. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Design of a Prototype Mobile Application to Make Mathematics Education More Realistic (Dawid B. Jordaan, Dorothy J. Laubscher, and A. Seugnet Blignaut); (2) Tablets and Applications to Tell Mathematics' History in High School (Eduardo Jesus Dias, Carlos Fernando Araujo, Jr., and Marcos Andrei Ota); (3) Assessing the Potential of LevelUp as a Persuasive Technology for South African Learners (Nhlanhla A. Sibanyoni and Patricia M. Alexander); (4) #Gottacatchemall: Exploring Pokemon Go in Search of Learning Enhancement Objects (Annamaria Cacchione, Emma Procter-Legg, and Sobah Abbas Petersen); (5) A Framework for Flipped Learning (Jenny Eppard and Aicha Rochdi); (6) The Technology Acceptance of Mobile Applications in Education (Mark Anthony Camilleri and Adriana Caterina Camilleri); (7) Engaging Children in Diabetes Education through Mobile Games (Nilufar Baghaei, John Casey, David Nandigam, Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, and Ralph Maddison); (8) A Mobile Application for User Regulated Self-Assessments (Fotis Lazarinis, Vassilios S. Verykios, and Chris Panagiotakopoulos); and (9) Acceptance of Mobile Learning at SMEs of the Service Sector (Marc Beutner and Frederike Anna Rüscher). Short papers presented include: (1) Possible Potential of Facebook to Enhance Learners' Motivation in Mobile Learning Environment (Mehwish Raza); (2) D-Move: A Mobile Communication Based Delphi for Digital Natives to Support Embedded Research (Otto Petrovic); (3) Small Private Online Research: A Proposal for a Numerical Methods Course Based on Technology Use and Blended Learning (Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda); (4) Experimenting with Support of Mobile Touch Devices for Pupils with Special Educational Needs (Vojtech Gybas, Katerina Kostolányová, and Libor Klubal); (5) Mobile Learning in the Theater Arts Classroom (Zihao Li); (6) Nomophobia: Is Smartphone Addiction a Genuine Risk for Mobile Learning? (Neil Davie and Tobias Hilber); (7) Analysis of Means for Building Context-Aware Recommendation System for Mobile Learning (Larysa Shcherbachenko and Samuel Nowakowski); (8) RunJumpCode: An Educational Game for Educating Programming (Matthew Hinds, Nilufar Baghaei, Pedrito Ragon, Jonathon Lambert, Tharindu Rajakaruna, Travers Houghton, and Simon Dacey); (9) Readiness for Mobile Learning: Multidisciplinary Cases from Yaroslavl State University (Vladimir Khryashchev, Natalia Kasatkina, and Dmitry Sokolenko); and (10) The M-Learning Experience of Language Learners in Informal Settings (Emine Sendurur, Esra Efendioglu, Neslihan Yondemir Çaliskan, Nomin Boldbaatar, Emine Kandin, and Sevinç Namazli). Reflection papers presented include: (1) New Model of Mobile Learning for the High School Students Preparing for the Unified State Exam (Airat Khasianov and Irina Shakhova); (2) Re-Ment--Reverse Mentoring as a Way to Deconstruct Gender Related Stereotypes in ICT (Kathrin Permoser); (3) Academic Success Foundation: Enhancing Academic Integrity through Mobile Learning (Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Amanda Mackenzie, Nicole Sanderson, Kyle Scholz, and Tony Tin); (4) Using Tablet and iTunesU as Individualized Instruction Tools (Libor Klubal, Katerina Kostolányová, and Vojtech Gybas); (5) DuoLibras--An App Used for Teaching-Learning of Libras (Erick Nilson Sodré Filho, Lucas Gomes dos Santos, Aristóteles Esteves Marçal da Silva, Nidyana Rodrigues Miranda de Oliveira e Oliveira, Pedro Kislansky, and Marisete da Silva Andrade); (6) Educators Adopting M-Learning: Is It Sustainable in Higher Education? (Nicole Sanderson and Alice Schmidt Hanbidge); and (7) M-Kinyarwanda: Promoting Autonomous Language Learning through a Robust Mobile Application (Emmanuel Bikorimana, Joachim Rutayisire, Mwana Said Omar, and Yi Sun). Posters include: (1) Design of Mobile E-Books as a Teaching Tool for Diabetes Education (Sophie Huey-Ming Guo); and (2) Reading While Listening on Mobile Devices: An Innovative Approach to Enhance Reading (Aicha Rochdi and Jenny Eppard). The Doctoral Consortium includes: How Can Tablets Be Used for Meaning-Making and Learning (Liv Lofthus). Individual papers include references, and an Author Index is included.

Seminar papers included in this document are: (1) "Career Counselling in a Changing South Africa," the opening address by J. G. Garbers, president of the Human Science Research Council; (2) "Current Problems in Career Counselling: The Report of the National Manpower Commission" (I. J. van Zyl); (3) "The Present Economic Situation and Career Counseling" (H. Blake); (4) "The Relevance of Contemporary Theoretical Models for a Changing South Africa" (Z. Nel); and (5) "The Effects of a Changing South Africa on Career Counselling in Paractice" (L. Olivier, N. G. Nhlapo, J. Cook). Two panel discussions are also included. The first is "Present-day Career Guidance at School. Are We Preparing Our Youth for the 21st Century?" and discussants were R. Francis, N.E. Roux, P. B. Singh, and H. J. Steyn. The second panel discussion, "Career Counselling and the Demands of a Future South Africa," consists of the following presentations: "The Implications of Co-operative Education" (J. Beukes); "The Implications of In-Service Training on Career Counselling" (G. D. Haasbroek); "The Implications of Career Education" (J. W. von Mollendorf); "Modern Technological Aids in Career Counselling" (R. Roelofse); and "Infrastructure Needed To Meet the Demands of the Future" (K. W. du Toit). (NB)

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2014, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (Lisbon, Portugal July 15-19, 2014). The e-Learning 2014 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covered technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning under seven main areas: Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; Technological Issues; e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; Instructional Design Issues; e-Learning Delivery Issues; e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. The conference included the Keynote Lecture: "Moving Higher Education Forward in the Digital Age: Realising a Digital Strategy," by Neil Morris, Professor of Educational Technology, Innovation and Change and Director of Digital Learning, University of Leeds, UK. Papers in these proceedings include: (1) Culture, Gender and Technology-Enhanced Learning: Female and Male Students' Perceptions Across Three Continents, Thomas Richter and Asta Zelenkauskaite; (2) IPads In Learning: The Web of Change Bente Meyer; (3) A Blended Approach to Canadian First Nations Education, Martin Sacher, Mavis Sacher and Norman Vaughan; (4) A Storytelling Learning Model For Legal Education, Nicola Capuano, Carmen De Maio, Angelo Gaeta, Giuseppina Rita Mangione, Saverio Salerno and Eleonora Fratesi; (5) Acceptance and Success Factors for M-Learning of ERP Systems Curricula, Brenda Scholtz and Mando Kapeso; (6) Self-Regulation Competence in Music Education, Luca Andrea Ludovico and Giuseppina Rita Mangione; (7) Time-Decayed User Profile for Second Language Vocabulary Learning System, Li Li and Xiao Wei; (8) E-Learning Trends and Hypes in Academic Teaching: Methodology and Findings of a Trend Study, Helge Fischer, Linda Heise, Matthias Heinz, Kathrin Moebius and Thomas Koehler; (9) Proof of Economic Viability of Blended Learning Business Models, Carsten Druhmann and Gregor Hohenberg; (10) Does Satellite Television Program Satisfy Ethiopian Secondary School Students? Sung-Wan Kim and Gebeyehu Bogale; (11) Organisation and Management of a Complete Bachelor Degree Offered Online at the University of Milan for Ten Years, Manuela Milani, Sabrina Papini, Daniela Scaccia and Nello Scarabottolo; (12) Structural Relationships between Variables of Elementary School Students' Intention of Accepting Digital Textbooks, Young Ju Joo, Sunyoung Joung, Se-Bin Choi, Eugene Lim and Kyung Yi Go; (13) Dynamic Fuzzy Logic-Based Quality of Interaction within Blended-Learning: The Rare and Contemporary Dance Cases, Sofia B. Dias, José A. Diniz and Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis; (14) Do English Listening Outcome and Cognitive Load Change for Different Media Delivery Modes in U-Learning?, Chi-Cheng Chang, Hao Lei and Ju-Shih Tseng; (15) The Use of ELGG Social Networking Tool for Students' Project Peer-Review Activity, Ana Coric Samardzija and Goran Bubas; (16) Educational Multimedia Profiling Recommendations for Device-Aware Adaptive Mobile Learning, Arghir-Nicolae Moldovan, Ioana Ghergulescu and Cristina Hava Muntean; (17) Inside, Outside, Upside Down: New Directions in Online Teaching and Learning, Lena Paulo Kushnir and Kenneth C. Berry; (18) A Study on the Methods of Assessment and Strategy of Knowledge Sharing in Computer Course, Pat P. W. Chan; (19) Using Agent-Based Technologies to Enhance Learning in Educational Games, Ogar Ofut Tumenayu, Olga Shabalina, Valeriy Kamaev and Alexander Davtyan; (20) Designing a Culturally Sensitive Wiki Space for Developing Chinese Students' Media Literacy, Daria Mezentceva; (21) Shared Cognition Facilitated by Teacher Use of Interactive Whiteboard Technologies, Christine Redman and John Vincent; (22) Modeling Pedagogy for Teachers Transitioning to the Virtual Classroom, Michael J. Canuel and Beverley J. White; (23) The Effectiveness of SDMS in the Development of E-Learning Systems in South Africa, Kobus van Aswegen, Magda Huisman and Estelle Taylor; (24) Online Learning Behaviors for Radiology Interns Based on Association Rules and Clustering Technique, Hsing-Shun Chen and Chuen-He Liou; (25) The Use of SDMS in Developing E-Learning Systems in South Africa, Estelle Taylor, Kobus van Aswegen and Magda Huisman; (26) Assessment of the Use of Online Comunities to Integrate Educational Processes Development Teams: An Experience in Popular Health Education in Brazil, Elomar Castilho Barilli, Stenio de Freitas Barretto, Carla Moura Lima and Marco Antonio Menezes; (27) Stereo Orthogonal Axonometric Perspective for the Teaching of Descriptive Geometry, José Geraldo Franco Méxas, Karla Bastos Guedes and Ronaldo da Silva Tavares; (28) Delivery of E-Learning through Social Learning Networks, Georgios A. Dafoulas and Azam Shokri; (29) The Implementation of Web 2.0 Technology for Information Literacy Instruction in Thai University Libraries, Oranuch Sawetrattanasatian; (30) Designing Educational Social Machines for Effective Feedback, Matthew Yee-King, Maria Krivenski, Harry Brenton, Andreu Grimalt-Reynes and Mark d'Inverno; (31) A Support System for Error Correction Questions in Programming Education, Yoshinari Hachisu and Atsushi Yoshida; (32) A Platform for Learning Internet of Things, Zorica Bogdanovic, Konstantin Simic, Miloš Milutinovic, Božidar Radenkovic and Marijana Despotovic-Zrakic, (33) Dealing with Malfunction: Locus of Control in Web-Conferencing, Michael Klebl; (34) Copyright and Creative Commons License: Can Educators Gain Benefits in the Digital Age? (Wariya Lamlert); (35) The Curriculum Design and Development in MOOCs Environment (Fei Li, Jing Du and Bin Li); (36) Stakeholders Influence in Maltese Tourism Higher Education Curriculum Development (Simon Caruana and Lydia Lau); (37) Online Social Networks and Computer Skills of University Students (Maria Potes Barbas, Gabriel Valerio, María Del Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez, Dagoberto José Herrera-Murillo and Ana María Belmonte-Jiménez); (38) Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Assessment in Engineering Laboratory Education (Maria Samarakou, Emmanouil D. Fylladitakis, Pantelis Prentakis and Spyros Athineos); (39) An Exploration of the Attitude and Learning Effectiveness of Business College Students towards Game Based Learning (Chiung-Sui Chang, Ya-Ping Huang and Fei-Ling Chien); (40) Application of E-Learning Technologies to Study a School Subject (Nadia Herbst and Elias Oupa Mashile); (41) Possibilities of Implementation of Small Business Check-Up Methodology in Comparative Analysis of Secondary Schools and Universities in Slovakia (Katarína Štofková, Ivan Strícek and Jana Štofková); (42) Digging the Virtual Past (Panagiota Polymeropoulou); (43) Technology Acceptance of E-Learning within a Blended Vocational Course in West Africa (Ashwin Mehta); (44) Development of an E-Learning Platform for Vocational Education Systems in Germany (Andreas Schober, Frederik Müller, Sabine Linden, Martha Klois and Bernd Künne); (45) Facebook Mediated Interaction and learning in Distance Learning at Makerere University (Godfrey Mayende, Paul Birevu Muyinda, Ghislain Maurice Norbert Isabwe, Michael Walimbwa and Samuel Ndeda Siminyu); (46) Assessing the Purpose and Importance University Students Attribute to Current ICT Applications (Maurice Digiuseppe and Elita Partosoedarso); (47) E-Learning System for Design and Construction of Amplifier Using Transistors (Atsushi Takemura); (48) Technology, Gender Attitude, and Software, among Middle School Math Instructors (Godwin N. Okeke); (49) Structuring Long-Term Faculty Training According to Needs Exhibited by Students' Written Comments in Course Evaluations (Robert Fulkerth); (50) Integration of PBL Methodologies into Online Learning Courses and Programs (Roland Van Oostveen, Elizabeth Childs, Kathleen Flynn and Jessica Clarkson); (51) Improving Teacher-Student Contact in a Campus Through a Location-Based Mobile Application (Vítor Manuel Ferreira and Fernando Ramos); (52) Incorporating Collaborative, Interactive Experiences into a Technology-Facilitated Professional Learning Network for Pre-Service Science Teachers (Seamus Delaney and Christine Redman); (53) The Efficiency of E-Learning Activities in Training Mentor Teachers (Laura Serbanescu and Sorina Chircu); (54) Development of an IOS App Using Situated Learning, Communities of Practice, and Augmented Reality for Autism Spectrum Disorder (Jessica Clarkson); (55) Using Case-Based Reasoning to Improve the Quality of Feedback Provided by Automated Grading Systems (Angelo Kyrilov and David C. Noelle); (56) International Multidisciplinary Learning: An Account of a Collaborative Effort among Three Higher Education Institutions (Paul S. H. Poh, Robby Soetanto, Stephen Austin and Zulkifar A. Adamu); (57) Interactive Learning to Stimulate the Brain's Visual Center and to Enhance Memory Retention (Yang H. Yun, Philip A. Allen, Kritsakorn Chaumpanich and Yingcai Xiao); (58) How Digital Technologies, Blended Learning and MOOCs Will Impact the Future of Higher Education (Neil P. Morris); (59) Factors Influencing the Acceptance of E-Learning Adoption in Libya's Higher Education Institutions (Mahfoud Benghet and Markus Helfert); (60) Motivation as a Method of Controlling the Social Subject Self-Learning (Andrey V. Isaev, Alla G. Kravets and Ludmila A. Isaeva); (61) Designing Environment for Teaching Internet of Things (Konstantin Simic, Vladimir Vujin, Aleksandra Labus, Ðorde Stepanic and Mladen Stevanovic); (62) Fostering Critical Thinking Skills in Students with Learning Disabilities through Online Problem-Based Learning (Kathleen Flynn); and (63) A System for the Automatic Assembly of Test Questions Using a NO-SQL Database (Sanggyu Shin and Hiroshi Hashimoto). Luís Rodrigues is an associate editor of the proceedings. Individual papers contain references. An author index is included.

These proceedings contain the papers of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2014, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, in Madrid, Spain, February 28-March 2, 2014. The Mobile Learning 2014 International Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. Papers in these proceedings include: (1) Supporting Teachers to Design and Use Mobile Collaborative Learning Games (Iza Marfisi-Schottman and Sébastien George); (2) Ebooks as PDF Files, in Epub Format or as Interactive Ibooks? Digital Books in Physics Lessons of Secondary Education (Manfred Lohr); (3) Mobile Learning and Early Age Mathematics (Shir Peled and Shimon Schocken); (4) M-Learning--On Path to Integration with Organisation Systems (Shilpa Srivastava and Ved Prakash Gulati); (5) Improving History Learning through Cultural Heritage, Local History and Technology (Graça Magro, Joaquim Ramos de Carvalho and Maria José Marcelino); (6) Intrigue at the Museum: Facilitating Engagement and Learning through a Location-Based Mobile Game (Jetmir Xhembulla, Irene Rubino, Claudia Barberis and Giovanni Malnati); (7) Mobile-Based Chatting for Meeting Negotiation in Foreign Language Learning (María Dolores Castrillo, Elena Martín-Monje and Elena Bárcena); (8) Student Preferences for M-Learning Application Characteristics (Ömer Delialioglu & Yasaman Alioon); (9) Learning and Teaching with Mobile Devices An Approach in Secondary Education in Ghana (Margarete Grimus and Martin Ebner); (10) Cross-Cultural Design of Mobile Mathematics Learning Service for South African Schools (Tanja Walsh, Teija Vainio and Jari Varsaluoma); (11) Mobile Learning and Achievement Goal Orientation Profiles (Minna Asplund); (12) A Review of Integrating Mobile Phones for Language Learning (Ramiza Darmi and Peter Albion); (13) Overlapping Chat's Accessibility Requirements between Students with and without Disabilities Due to the Mobile Limitiations (Rocío Calvo, Ana Iglesias and Lourdes Moreno); (14) UML Quiz: Automatic Conversion of Web-Based E-Learning Content in Mobile Applications (Alexander von Franqué and Hilda Tellioglu); (15) Pedagogical Applications of Smartphone Integration in Teaching--Lectures', Students', & Pupils' Perspectives (Tami Seifert); (16) MOOC's to Go (Jan Renz, Thomas Staubitz and Christoph Meinel); (17) Strategies and Challenges in Ipad Initiative (Chientzu Candace Chou, Lanise Block and Renee Jesness); (18) Blending Classroom Teaching and Learning with QR Codes (Jenni Rikala and Marja Kankaanranta); (19) Programming Education with a Blocks-Based Visual Language for Mobile Application Development (Can Mihci and Nesrin Ozdener); (20) Shifting Contexts: Investigating the Role of Context in the Use of Obiquitious Computing for Design-Based Learning (Katharine S. Willis and Gianni Corino); (21) Evaluation Framework for Dependable Mobile Learning Scenarios (Manel Bensassi and Mona Laroussi); (22) Initial Evaluation of a Mobile Scaffolding Application that Seeks to Support Novice Learners of Programming (Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman); (23) Defining a Set of Architectural Requirements for Service-Oriented Mobile Learning Environments (Nemésio Freitas Duarte Filho and Ellen Francine Barbosa); (24) Portability and Usability of Open Educational Resources on Mobile Devices: A Study in the Context of Brazilian Educational Portals and Android-Based Devices (André Constantino da Silva, Fernanda Maria Pereira Freire, Vitor Hugo Miranda Mourão, Márcio Diógenes de Oliveira da Cruz and Heloísa Vieira da Rocha); (25) Evaluating QR Code Case Studies Using a Mobile Learning Framework (Jenni Rikala); (26) Developing a Mobile Social Media Framework for Creative Pedagogies (Thomas Cochrane, Laurent Antonczak, Matthew Guinibert and Danni Mulrennan); (27) Factors Affecting M-Learners' Course Satisfaction and Learning Persistence (Young Ju Joo, Sunyoung Joung, Eugene Lim and Hae Jin Kim); (28) A Framework to Support Mobile Learning in Multilingual Environments (Mmaki E. Jantjies and Mike Joy); (29) Mobile Technology Integrated Pedagogical Model (Arshia Khan); (30) Representation of an Incidental Learning Framework to Support Mobile Learning (Eileen Scanlon, Mark Gaved, Ann Jones, Agnes Kukulska-Hulme, Lucas Paletta and Ian Dunwell); (31) Using Mobile Apps and Social Media for Online Learner-Generated Content (Paul David Henry); (32) Tweeting as a Tool for Learning Science: The Credibility of Student-Produced Knowledge Content in Educational Contexts (Kaja Vembe Swensen, Kenneth Silseth and Ingeborg Krange); (33) What Mobile Learning and Working Remotely Can Learn from Each Other (Koen Depryck); (34) In-Time On-Place Learning (Merja Bauters, Jukka Purma and Teemu Leinonen); (35) M-Learning and Technological Literacy: Analyzing Benefits for Apprenticeship (Carlos Manuel Pacheco Cortés and Adriana Margarita Pacheco Cortés); (36) Designing a Site to Embed and to Interact with Wolfram Alpha Widgets in Math and Science Courses (Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda and Ruben Dario Santiago Acosta); (37) An Environment for Mobile Experiential Learning (Otto Petrovic, Philipp Babcicky and Thomas Puchleitner); (38) Supporting Situated Learning Based on QR Codes with Etiquetar App: A Pilot Study (Miguel Olmedo Camacho, Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Carlos Alario-Hoyos, Xavier Soldani, Carlos Delgado Kloos and Sergio Sayago); (39) Raising Awareness of Cybercrime--The Use of Education as a Means of Prevention and Protection (Julija Lapuh Bele, Maja Dimc, David Rozman and Andreja Sladoje Jemec); (40) Mobile Game for Learning Bacteriology (Ryo Sugimura, Sotaro Kawazu, Hiroki Tamari, Kodai Watanabe, Yohei Nishimura, Toshiki Oguma, Katsushiro Watanabe, Kosuke Kaneko, Yoshihiro Okada, Motofumi Yoshida, Shigeru Takano and Hitoshi Inoue); (41) The Theory Paper: What is the Future of Mobile Learning? (John Traxler and Marguerite Koole); (42) Rapid Prototyping of Mobile Learning Games (Maija Federley, Timo Sorsa, Janne Paavilainen, Kimo Boissonnier and Anu Seisto); (43) Preparing Lessons, Exercises and Tests for M-Learning of IT Fundamentals (S. Djenic, V. Vasiljevic, J. Mitic, V. Petkovic and A. Miletic); (44) The Motivating Power of Social Obligation: An Investigation into the Pedagogical Affordances of Mobile Learning Integrated with Facebook (Nurhasmiza Sazalli, Rupert Wegerif and Judith Kleine-Staarman); (45) When Everyone is a Probe, Everyone is a Learner (Boris Berenfeld, Tatiana Krupa, Arseny Lebedev and Sergey Stafeev); (46) Mobile Learning and Art Museums: A Case Study of New Art Interpretation Approach for Visitor Engagement through Mobile Media (Victoria López Benito); (47) Learner Centric in M-Learning: Integration of Security, Dependability and Trust (Sheila Mahalingam, Faizal Mohd Abdollah and Shahrin Sahib); (48) M-Learning Pilot at Sofia University (Elissaveta Gourova, Pavlin Dulev, Dessislava Petrova-Antonova and Boyan Bontchev); (49) A Mobile Service Oriented Multiple Object Tracking Augmented Reality Architecture for Education and Learning Experiences (Sasithorn Rattanarungrot, Martin White and Paul Newbury); (50) Learners' Ensemble Based Security Conceptual Model for M-Learning System in Malaysian Higher Learning Institution (Sheila Mahalingam, Faizal Mohd Abdollah and Shahrin Sahib); (51) Supporting the M-Learning Based Knowledge Transfer in University Education and Corporate Sector (András Benedek and György Molnár); and (52) The future of Ubiquitous Elearning (Timothy Arndt). Individual papers contain references. An author index is included. Luís Rodrigues is an associate editor of these proceedings.

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2013, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 1 to 3 of June. Education, in a global sense, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2013 received over more 267 submissions, from 35 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations, Workshops and Round Table. The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher Professor Peter Jarvis Emeritus Professor at the University of Surrey, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2013), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and co-sponsored by the respected partners we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference on Educational Technologies 2013 (ICEduTech 2013), which has been organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and co-organised by the Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29 November - 1 December 2013. ICEduTech is the scientific conference addressing the real topics as seen by teachers, students, parents and school leaders. Scientists, professionals and institutional leaders are invited to be informed by experts, sharpen the understanding what education needs and how to achieve it. Papers in these proceedings include: (1) Learning in the Networked Society (Piet Kommers); (2) Mediating Authentic Learning: The Use of Wiki's and Blogs in an Undergraduate Curriculum in South Africa (Simone Titus); (3) Professional Learning to Nurture Adaptive Teachers (Kar-Tin Lee); (4) Understanding TPACK in Practice: Praxis through Technological Pedagogical Reasoning (Glenn Finger and Paul Finger); (5) A Comparison of Low Performing Students' Achievements in Factoring Cubic Polynomials Using Three Different Strategies (Ugorji I. Ogbonnaya, David L. Mogari, and Eric Machisi); (6) Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Collaboration Technology within the Context of Virtual Teamwork Training (Joy J. Godin and Lars F. Leader); (7) Surveillance in Programming Plagiarism beyond Techniques: An Incentive-Based Fishbone Model (Yanqing Wang, Min Chen, Yaowen Liang, and Yu Jiang); (8) Elearning Strategic Planning 2020: The Voice of Future Students as Stakeholders in Higher Education (Glenn Finger and Vicky Smart); (9) Laptops in Classroom Interaction: The Dynamic Reach of the Laptoped Situation (Tomas Lindroth, Johan Lundin, and Lars Svensson); (10) Salapiggy: Usability Test of the Sifteo Cubes as a Game Interface for the Money Counting Game for Preschoolers (Adrian Orense, Berlyn Anne Decena, and Rommel Feria); (11) An Ontology for Software Engineering Education (Thong Chee Ling, Yusmadi Yah Jusoh, Rusli Adbullah, and Nor Hayati Alwi); (12) Technology Enhanced Analytics (TEA) in Higher Education (Ben Kei Daniel and Russell Butson); (13) Teachers' Learning in Online Communities of Practice: Two Case Studies from Australia (Ria Hanewald); (13) Teaching Teachers for the Future Project: Building TPACK Confidence and Capabilities for Elearning (Glenn Finger, Romina Jamieson-Proctor, and Peter Grimbeek); (14) The Comparison of Inductive Reasoning under Risk Conditions between Chinese and Japanese Based on Computational Models: Toward the Application to CAE for Foreign Language (Yujie Zhang, Asuka Terai, and Masanori Nakagawa); (15) Use and Production of Open Educational Resources (OER): A Pilot Study of Underground Students' Perceptions (Khe Foon Hew and Wing Sum Cheung); (16) Teaching 21st Century Competencies: Lessons from Crescent Girls' School in Singapore (Gucci Trinidad, Deepa Patel, Linda Shear, Peishi Goh, Yin Kang Quek, and Chen Kee Tan); (17) Research on Demand Analysis of the Users of the Senior English Diagnostic System (Chen Guo, Hui Zhang, Qian Yao, and Min Wu); (18) Using Self-Reflection and Badges in Moodle-Based Medical English Review Courses for Enhancing Learners' Autonomy (Jun Iwata, John Clayton and Sarah-Jane Saravani); (19) Investigating the Use of Social Media by University Undergraduate Informatics Programmes in Malaysia (Jane See Yin Lim, Shirley Agostinho, Barry Harper, and Joe F. Chicharo); (20) Educational Online Technologies in Blended Tertiary Environments: A Review of Literature (Kimberley N. Tuapawa); and (21) How Teachers Use and Manage Their Blogs? A Cluster Analysis of Teachers' Blogs in Taiwan. Individual papers contain references. An author index is included.

This study investigated the mentoring of academics for leadership and management in higher education institutions through the application of contextual intelligence. Experts and professionals generally agree that effective institutional leadership and management mentorship, using contextual knowledge, is crucial for achieving institutional success. The paper aims to illustrate the significance of mentoring institutional leaders and managers using contextual intelligence skills. The dearth of literature on mentoring academics using contextual intelligence in South Africa might be addressed through mentoring, as this practice poses a significant obstacle. The challenges of applying contextual intelligence in mentoring academics are highlighted with a focus on four key areas: mentoring, leadership and management, contextual intelligence, and achieving organisational success. Despite their relatively tiny proportion within the overall framework, these elements exert influence over all aspects of the institution s activities. While tackling each impact individually may result in success, the continuous emergence of new factors makes it unlikely for this method to maintain improvement. The findings illustrate that the perception of improvement is determined by a dynamic and intricate setting. The paper plays a vital role in considering contextual dynamics when mentoring for contextual intelligence. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]

Homeschooling, as a controversial educational practice, raises many questions about its outcomes, which still remain unanswered. The homeschooling population has been growing over the past years, as has interest in this educational paradigm. The increased accessibility and use of emerging information technologies also hold significance in facilitating access to knowledge and contributing to the expansion of this educational trend. In this context, numerous families contemplate homeschooling for several reasons. Yet, the decision to homeschool or not their children is often difficult, as the outcomes are not predictable. Researchers have explored the academic achievements of homeschooling; however, a more significant question remains unanswered: Are homeschoolers happy? This paper aims to provide insight into homeschoolers' perceptions of this matter. Research findings on the life satisfaction of homeschoolers presented here were based on the anonymous responses of an online survey collected between July 2022 and July 2023 from 33 current or former homeschoolers from five countries. This study used the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to evaluate the well-being of homeschooled individuals who self-assessed their educational experience as well. The paper also examines the advantages and disadvantages of the educational practice as perceived by homeschoolers themselves in an attempt to provide a picture of the satisfaction of homeschoolers with their educational journey. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]

This paper investigates the challenges, mitigation strategies and transformative approaches in educational programme delivery in South African education amidst the adverse influence of the pandemic in schools' Further Education and Training phase with a focus on the integration of technology-enhanced effective teaching and learning; using data obtained from interviews of a data-rich sample of the school management team and teachers of five schools. The noteworthy contribution of this paper to knowledge in the context of Comparative and International Education pertains to transformative strategies for technology-enhanced programme delivery in education. This paper's final objective is to link the explored findings of challenges, trends and innovations in the South African education system to the theme of this book focusing on the different worlds common education challenges. Furthermore, the findings emphasised the need for innovation and transformation toward a technology-enhanced education environment, especially in the Fifth Industrial Revolution milieu. In addition, this paper presented noteworthy recommendations for educational stakeholders and future research. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]

While research on the impact of a Eurocentric curriculum has often focused on marginalized populations in developing nations, it is paramount that scholars also examine the impact of this curriculum on students in the Global North. To this end, this paper begins by first defining and then critiquing what is often referred to as the "Eurocentric curriculum", and how standard Eurocentric content, such as Eurocentric mathematics and its pedagogical practices may alienate learners from their families, societies, and cultures. It will then suggest an alternative approach, "Ethno-mathematics" introduced by D'Ambrosio (1985), and will apply this concept to educational outcomes in both South Africa and the USA. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how these cultural imbalances within a school's curriculum, if not corrected, may negatively impact the academic success of all students, particularly the marginalized. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]

The comparative research paper explores the use and risks of social media in South African, USA and European schools. It discusses the potential challenges that schools, educators and learners may face such as cyberbullying, sexting, identity theft, fraud, catphishing, cybercrimes, excessive online presence, and addiction to social media. The paper reports on the findings of a phenomenological study and purposive survey among school principals and educators in South African schools. The paper highlights the advantages of applying social media in the classroom, and provides recommendations for schools, educators, parents and principals to manage the use of social media in the education environment. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

Struggles for educational equity in the United States (US) and South Africa (SA), particularly with regard to race, class, and ethnicity, remain significant and have become even more critical during and following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Many scholars have focused on the daily struggles of school-aged children, indicating that millions in each nation are homeless, food insecure, and without health care. Moreover, schools often serve critical social reproduction functions in addition to their primary role of advancing learning by providing feeding schemes, computers and internet connectivity, and, in many cases, essential childcare for workers. Since 2020, the pandemic and lockdowns negatively impacted the education delivery system in both countries by enhancing the socio-economic and digital divides. Both countries struggled to provide equitable access to quality education for all children, regardless of their socio-economic status (SES) or geographic location. Through a comparative lens, we analyze attempts by the US and SA to address racial and economic divides over the past decades, and particularly during the pandemic and its disruptions, to better understand the mechanisms education systems used to address stakeholder inequalities. After a brief overview of the historical paths to greater social and economic equality made by both nations the paper explores the significant roles that race, ethnicity, and SES continue to play in determining access to quality education, especially during times of disruptions such as the recent pandemic. It also asks if the economic divide has become the more powerful and consistent factor determining access to well-resourced schools. The paper concludes by asking if patterns of historical racial and ethnic inequalities are now being replaced by an even greater economic divide that continues to provide patterns of unequitable education for children based on their race, ethnicity, SES, and access to supportive resources. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]