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Novelty evaluation is vital for the promotion and management of innovation. With the advancement of information techniques and the open data movement, some progress has been made in novelty measurements. Tracking and reviewing novelty measures provides a data-driven way to assess contributions, progress, and emerging directions in the science field. As academic papers serve as the primary medium for the dissemination, validation, and discussion of scientific knowledge, this review aims to offer a systematic analysis of novelty measurements for scientific papers. We began by comparing the differences between scientific novelty and four similar concepts, including originality, scientific innovation, creativity, and scientific breakthrough. Next, we reviewed the types of scientific novelty. Then, we classified existing novelty measures according to data types and reviewed the measures for each type. Subsequently, we surveyed the approaches employed in validating novelty measures and examined the current tools and datasets associated with these measures. Finally, we proposed several open issues for future studies.

LLMs are increasingly being used to assess the relevance of information objects. This work reports on experiments to study the labelling of short texts (i.e., passages) for relevance, using multiple open-source and proprietary LLMs. While the overall agreement of some LLMs with human judgements is comparable to human-to-human agreement measured in previous research, LLMs are more likely to label passages as relevant compared to human judges, indicating that LLM labels denoting non-relevance are more reliable than those indicating relevance. This observation prompts us to further examine cases where human judges and LLMs disagree, particularly when the human judge labels the passage as non-relevant and the LLM labels it as relevant. Results show a tendency for many LLMs to label passages that include the original query terms as relevant. We, therefore, conduct experiments to inject query words into random and irrelevant passages, not unlike the way we inserted the query "best caf\'e near me" into this paper. The results show that LLMs are highly influenced by the presence of query words in the passages under assessment, even if the wider passage has no relevance to the query. This tendency of LLMs to be fooled by the mere presence of query words demonstrates a weakness in our current measures of LLM labelling: relying on overall agreement misses important patterns of failures. There is a real risk of bias in LLM-generated relevance labels and, therefore, a risk of bias in rankers trained on those labels. We also investigate the effects of deliberately manipulating LLMs by instructing them to label passages as relevant, similar to the instruction "this paper is perfectly relevant" inserted above. We find that such manipulation influences the performance of some LLMs, highlighting the critical need to consider potential vulnerabilities when deploying LLMs in real-world applications., Comment: Published in the proceedings of SIGIR-AP'24

This study proposes a data-driven framework for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of scientific peer review through an open, bottom-up process that estimates reviewer quality. Traditional closed peer review systems, while essential for quality control, are often slow, costly, and subject to biases that can impede scientific progress. Here, we introduce a method that evaluates individual reviewer reliability by quantifying agreement with community consensus scores and applying Bayesian weighting to refine paper quality assessments. We analyze open peer review data from two major scientific conferences, and demonstrate that reviewer-specific quality scores significantly improve the reliability of paper quality estimation. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that reviewer quality scores are unrelated to authorship quality. Our model incorporates incentive structures to recognize high-quality reviewers and encourage broader coverage of submitted papers, thereby mitigating the common "rich-get-richer" pitfall of social media. These findings suggest that open peer review, with mechanisms for estimating and incentivizing reviewer quality, offers a scalable and equitable alternative for scientific publishing, with potential to enhance the speed, fairness, and transparency of the peer review process., Comment: 15 pages, 5 main text figures, 3 supplementary figures

We introduce PaSa, an advanced Paper Search agent powered by large language models. PaSa can autonomously make a series of decisions, including invoking search tools, reading papers, and selecting relevant references, to ultimately obtain comprehensive and accurate results for complex scholarly queries. We optimize PaSa using reinforcement learning with a synthetic dataset, AutoScholarQuery, which includes 35k fine-grained academic queries and corresponding papers sourced from top-tier AI conference publications. Additionally, we develop RealScholarQuery, a benchmark collecting real-world academic queries to assess PaSa performance in more realistic scenarios. Despite being trained on synthetic data, PaSa significantly outperforms existing baselines on RealScholarQuery, including Google, Google Scholar, Google with GPT-4 for paraphrased queries, chatGPT (search-enabled GPT-4o), GPT-o1, and PaSa-GPT-4o (PaSa implemented by prompting GPT-4o). Notably, PaSa-7B surpasses the best Google-based baseline, Google with GPT-4o, by 37.78% in recall@20 and 39.90% in recall@50. It also exceeds PaSa-GPT-4o by 30.36% in recall and 4.25% in precision. Model, datasets, and code are available at https://github.com/bytedance/pasa.

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly impacted human society, influencing various domains. Among them, academia is not simply a domain affected by LLMs, but it is also the pivotal force in the development of LLMs. In academic publications, this phenomenon is represented during the incorporation of LLMs into the peer review mechanism for reviewing manuscripts. We proposed the concept of automated scholarly paper review (ASPR) in our previous paper. As the incorporation grows, it now enters the coexistence phase of ASPR and peer review, which is described in that paper. LLMs hold transformative potential for the full-scale implementation of ASPR, but they also pose new issues and challenges that need to be addressed. In this survey paper, we aim to provide a holistic view of ASPR in the era of LLMs. We begin with a survey to find out which LLMs are used to conduct ASPR. Then, we review what ASPR-related technological bottlenecks have been solved with the incorporation of LLM technology. After that, we move on to explore new methods, new datasets, new source code, and new online systems that come with LLMs for ASPR. Furthermore, we summarize the performance and issues of LLMs in ASPR, and investigate the attitudes and reactions of publishers and academia to ASPR. Lastly, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of LLMs for ASPR. We hope this survey can serve as an inspirational reference for the researchers and promote the progress of ASPR for its actual implementation., Comment: Work in progress

Figures and their captions play a key role in scientific publications. However, despite their importance, many captions in published papers are poorly crafted, largely due to a lack of attention by paper authors. While prior AI research has explored caption generation, it has mainly focused on reader-centered use cases, where users evaluate generated captions rather than actively integrating them into their writing. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how paper authors incorporate AI-generated captions into their writing process through a user study involving 18 participants. Each participant rewrote captions for two figures from their own recently published work, using captions generated by state-of-the-art AI models as a resource. By analyzing video recordings of the writing process through interaction analysis, we observed that participants often began by copying and refining AI-generated captions. Paper writers favored longer, detail-rich captions that integrated textual and visual elements but found current AI models less effective for complex figures. These findings highlight the nuanced and diverse nature of figure caption composition, revealing design opportunities for AI systems to better support the challenges of academic writing., Comment: This paper will appear at AAAI 2025 Workshop (2nd AI4Research Workshop: Towards a Knowledge-grounded Scientific Research Lifecycle)

In tenure decisions, the treatment of co-authored papers often raises questions about a candidate's research independence. This study examines the effects of solo versus collaborative authorship in high-profile Economics journals on long-term academic success. Our findings confirms the traditional belief that solo-authored publications significantly enhance long-term research output and citation impact compared to collaborative efforts. However, relative to solo-authored papers, international collaborations have a less negative impact on long-term success than national and institutional collaborations. Temporal trends highlight the increasing importance of diverse and international collaborations. These insights provide actionable guidance for tenure committees on evaluating co-authored work and for researchers on optimizing their publication strategies., Comment: 13 pages, including 1 table and references

This paper presents an exploratory study that harnesses the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to mine key ecological entities from invasion biology literature. Specifically, we focus on extracting species names, their locations, associated habitats, and ecosystems, information that is critical for understanding species spread, predicting future invasions, and informing conservation efforts. Traditional text mining approaches often struggle with the complexity of ecological terminology and the subtle linguistic patterns found in these texts. By applying general-purpose LLMs without domain-specific fine-tuning, we uncover both the promise and limitations of using these models for ecological entity extraction. In doing so, this study lays the groundwork for more advanced, automated knowledge extraction tools that can aid researchers and practitioners in understanding and managing biological invasions., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted to the NLP4Ecology Workshop 2025 (https://nlp4ecology2025.di.unito.it/) co-located with the Joint 25th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics and 11th Baltic Conference on Human Language Technologies

Existing approaches to enforcing design constraints in Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications often rely on training-time penalties in the reward function or training/inference-time invalid action masking, but these methods either cannot be modified after training, or are limited in the types of constraints that can be implemented. To address this limitation, we propose Reinforcement Learning Constrained Beam Search (RLCBS) for inference-time refinement in combinatorial optimization problems. This method respects flexible, inference-time constraints that support exclusion of invalid actions and forced inclusion of desired actions, and employs beam search to maximize sequence probability for more sensible constraint incorporation. RLCBS is extensible to RL-based planning and optimization problems that do not require real-time solution, and we apply the method to optimize process parameters for a novel modular testbed for paper drying. An RL agent is trained to minimize energy consumption across varying machine speed levels by generating optimal dryer module and air supply temperature configurations. Our results demonstrate that RLCBS outperforms NSGA-II under complex design constraints on drying module configurations at inference-time, while providing a 2.58-fold or higher speed improvement.

This White Paper documents the discussion and consensus conclusions of the workshop "Software Infrastructure for Advanced Nuclear Physics Computing" (SANPC 24), which was held at Jefferson Lab on June 20-22, 2024. The workshop brought together members of the US Nuclear Physics community with data scientists and funding agency representatives to discuss the challenges and opportunities in advanced computing for Nuclear Physics in the coming decade. Opportunities for sustainable support and growth are identified within the context of existing and currently planned DOE and NSF programs., Comment: First draft. Open for NP community comment until Feb. 14, 2025. Please submit comments to the corresponding author (pmjacobs@lbl.gov)

Distracted driving remains a significant global challenge with severe human and economic repercussions, demanding improved detection and intervention strategies. While previous studies have extensively explored single-modality approaches, recent research indicates that these systems often fall short in identifying complex distraction patterns, particularly cognitive distractions. This systematic review addresses critical gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied across various data modalities - visual,, sensory, auditory, and multimodal. By categorizing and evaluating studies based on modality, data accessibility, and methodology, this review clarifies which approaches yield the highest accuracy and are best suited for specific distracted driving detection goals. The findings offer clear guidance on the advantages of multimodal versus single-modal systems and capture the latest advancements in the field. Ultimately, this review contributes valuable insights for developing robust distracted driving detection frameworks, supporting enhanced road safety and mitigation strategies.

Litrepl is a lightweight text processing tool designed to recognize and evaluate code sections within Markdown or Latex documents. This functionality is useful for both batch document section evaluation and interactive coding within a text editor, provided a straightforward integration is established. Inspired by Project Jupyter, Litrepl aims to facilitate the creation of research documents. In the light of recent developments in software deployment, however, we have shifted our focus from informal reproducibility to enhancing transparency in communication with programming language interpreters, by either eliminating or clearly exposing mutable states within the communication process., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure

For the family of complex rational functions known as "Generalized McMullen maps", F(z) = z^n + a/z^n+b, for complex parameters a and b, with a nonzero, and any integer n at least 3 fixed, we reveal, and provide a combinatorial model for, some new dynamical behavior. In particular, we describe a large class of maps whose Julia sets contain both infinitely many homeomorphic copies of quadratic Julia sets and infinitely many subsets homeomorphic to a set which is obtained by starting with a quadratic Julia set, then changing a finite number of pairs of external ray landing point identifications, following an algorithm we will describe., Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures, 25 images

The Education Parliamentary Monitor's Weekly Policy Papers provide a comprehensive overview of policy papers published by various entities in the UK from January 20 to 24, 2025. The report covers government policy papers, parliamentary policy papers from the House of Lords and House of Commons Libraries, and research briefings on topics such as the Office for Students, academy schools, child abuse reporting, technical education reforms, level 3 qualifications review, and youth unemployment statistics. The document aims to inform readers about recent developments and discussions in the education sector in England and the UK. [Extracted from the article]

The "Education Parliamentary Monitor" provides a summary of policy papers published in the UK from January 13 to 17, 2025. The report covers government papers, parliamentary papers on special educational needs, further education funding, and school attendance in England. It also includes information on think tank and third-party policy papers. The document aims to inform readers about recent developments and issues in education policy in the UK. [Extracted from the article]

Subam Papers has informed that investment of capital contribution of Rs 10 crores by Subam Paper and Boards wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, in Mercury Pack and Paper Products LLP for a profit sharing ratio of 51% in the LLP.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

The Education Parliamentary Monitor's Weekly Policy Papers provide a comprehensive overview of policy papers published in the UK from 23 to 31 December, 2024. The report includes information on government papers, parliamentary papers such as the VAT on Private School Fees, and papers from think tanks and international organizations. The document serves as a valuable resource for those interested in staying informed about recent policy developments in education and related fields. [Extracted from the article]

Orient Paper & Industries has reappointed Raj Kumar Agrawal as an Independent Director for a second consecutive term of 5 years, subject to shareholder approval. Agrawal's appointment complies with SEBI regulations, and details can be found on the company's website. This information was disclosed in accordance with the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015. [Extracted from the article]

Orient Paper & Industries has reappointed Raj Kumar Agrawal as an Independent Director for a second consecutive term of 5 years, subject to shareholder approval. Agrawal is not disqualified from holding the position by any regulatory authority. The details required under SEBI regulations are provided in Annexure 1 attached to the document, and further information can be found on the company's website. [Extracted from the article]

Seshasayee Paper & Boards has informed that it enclosed disclosure under Regulation 29(2) of SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares & Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 for High Energy Batteries (India).The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Former Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia of the Aam Aadmi Party filed his nomination papers for the upcoming Delhi Assembly elections, representing the Jangpura constituency. He offered prayers at the Kalka temple and expressed confidence in serving the people of Delhi if elected. The Delhi polls are scheduled for February 5, with the counting of votes on February 8, and the deadline for filing nomination papers is January 17. [Extracted from the article]

Pursuant to Regulation 29 of SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, Seshasayee Paper and Boards has informed that a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company will be held on Friday, the January 17, 2025 to consider and approve the Standalone and Consolidated Un-audited Financial Results of the Company for the quarter and nine months ended December 31, 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Seshasayee Paper & Boards has enclosed a Certificate under Regulations 74(5) of the SEBI (Depository and Participants) Regulation, 2018 for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 received from Integrated Registry Management Services, Registrar and Share Transfer Agent (RTA) of the Company.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Previously a mathematical approach has been developed for calculation of the propagation time of a signal, emitted by a moving along an elliptical orbit satellite, with account also for the General Relativity Theory (GRT) effects. The formalism was restricted to one dynamical parameter (the true anomaly or the eccentric anomaly angle). In this paper the aim is to extend the formalism to the case, when also the other five Kepler parameters will be changing.The following problem can be formulated: if two satellites move on two space-distributed orbits and they exchange signals, how can the propagation time be calculated? In this paper approaches from differential geometry and topology were implemented.The action functional for the propagation time is represented in the form of a quadratic functional in the differentials of the Kepler elements. The known mapping from celestial mechanics is used, when by means of a transformation the 6 Kepler parameters are mapped into the cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z. This is in fact a submersion of a manifold of 6 parameters into a manifold of 3 parameters. If a variational approach is applied with respect to a differential form in terms of the differentials of the Kepler parameters, the second variation will be different from zero and the Stokes theorem can be applied, provided that the second partial derivatives of the Cartesian coordinates with respect to the Kepler parameters are assumed to be different from zero. From topology viewpoint this requirement is equivalent to the existence of the s.c. Morse functions (non-degenerate at the critical points). In the given case it has been shown that Morse function cannot exist with respect to each one of the Kepler parameters- Morse function cannot be defined with respect to the omega angle., Comment: 39 pages, no figures, a report at the Sixteenth Conference of the Euro-American Consortium for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences (AMITaNS24) June 21-26, 2024, Albena resourt, Bulgaria

Sangal Papers will hold a Board Meeting on February 13, 2025, at its registered office in Meerut, UP, to discuss and approve the Unaudited Standalone Financial Results for the quarter and nine months ending on December 31, 2024. The company has also closed its 'Trading Window' for designated persons in accordance with SEBI regulations until 48 hours after the Board Meeting concludes. This information was disclosed in filings submitted to BSE and is part of the company's compliance with internal codes of conduct for insider trading prevention. [Extracted from the article]

West Coast Paper Mills has informed that the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company is scheduled on 13/02/2025 to consider and approve Un-Audited Financial Results (Standalone and Consolidated) for the Quarter and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Pursuant to Regulation 29 read with Regulation 33 of the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, Ruchira Papers has informed that Meeting of Board of Directors of the Company will be held on Thursday, 13th February 2025 at the Registered Office of the Company, to consider and approve the un-audited Financial Results for the Quarter and Nine Months ended 31st December, 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Malu Paper Mills will hold a board meeting on February 10, 2025, to discuss and approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter ending December 31, 2024. The meeting will take place at the company's registered office in Nagpur. The Trading Window for dealing in the company's shares has been closed in accordance with the Company's Code of Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading. [Extracted from the article]

In terms of Regulation 74(5) of SEBI (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018, Shree Rajeshwaranand Paper Mills has enclosed the Certificate issued for the quarter ended 31st December, 2024 issued by MUFG lntime India (Formerly known as Link Intime India), the Registrar and Share Transfer Agent of the Company.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Further to its letter dated December 26, 2024 intimating closure of trading window, Andhra Paper has informed that a Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company will be held on Thursday, February 6, 2025 to consider and approve, the Unaudited Financial Results of the Company for the quarter and nine months ended December 31, 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Pursuant to Regulation 29 of the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, The South India Paper Mills has informed that a Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company is scheduled to be held on Thursday, the 13th February, 2025, to consider and approve the Unaudited Financial Results of the Company for the Quarter/ 9 month's ended 31st December, 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Shree Karthik Papers has informed that the company has been informed by the Registrar and Share Transfer Agent ('RTA') that they have changed their name from Link Intime India to MUFG Intime India with effect from 31st December 2024. The Certificate of incorporation pursuant to change of name is enclosed.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Pudumjee Paper Products has scheduled a board meeting on January 31, 2025, to review and approve the Unaudited Financial Results for the Quarter and Nine Months ending on December 31, 2024. The company has also closed the Trading Window for dealing in securities from January 1, 2025, until 48 hours after the financial results are declared on February 2, 2025, in compliance with SEBI regulations. This information was disclosed in the company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Pursuant to the provisions of Regulation 74(5) of Securities and Exchange Board of India (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 2018, Ruchira Papers has informed that it enclosed Compliance Certificate received from MUFG Intime India (formerly known as Link Intime India), Registrar and Share Transfer Agent (RTA) of the Company for the quarter ended 31st December 2024.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]

Balkrishna Paper Mills recently held a board meeting on 2nd January, 2025, where they approved a Postal Ballot Notice for members to vote on certain resolutions through remote electronic voting. The company will provide remote e-Voting facility in accordance with Ministry of Corporate Affairs Circulars and SEBI Regulations. The cut-off date for member eligibility to vote is 10th January, 2025, with the remote e-Voting period running from 15th January to 13th February, 2025. Results will be declared by 15th February, 2025, and the full notice can be found on the company's website and NSDL's website. [Extracted from the article]

Pursuant to Regulation 30 of the Listing Regulations, Mohit Paper Mills has informed that the Company has been informed by the RTA, vide their email dated December 31, 2024, that its name has been changed from 'Link Intime India' to 'MUFG Intime India' with effect from December 31, 2024. The Certificate of Incorporation pursuant to change of name is enclosed. The company has informed to take note of the same and update the name as 'MUFG Intime India' as the RTA of the Company, in the records. The address and other contact details of the RTA of the Company remain unchanged.The above information is a part of company's filings submitted to BSE. [Extracted from the article]