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Experiments were carried out in 2016-2017 at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The aim of the research was evaluated the morphological parameters of carrot hybrids 'Jola' root crops, productivity and qualitative parameters. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of the new hybrid were compared to the results of investigation of 'Garduolės' and hybrids 'Svalia BS' and paternal forms. It was established, that the new hybrid variety 'Jola' roots are on average 20.16 cm long and 4.03 cm in diameter, yielding 65.10 tons per ha-1 and accumulates on average 19.42 mg of 100 g-1 carotene, 8.38% total sugar and 11.43% dry soluble solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation was carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2012-2013. The objective of investigation was sweet pepper cultivars - 'Reda' and 'Alanta'. The plants were sprayed with botanical ("Zytron" and "Funres" - four times) and homeopathic extracts - "Silicea" (two times in early plant stage) and "Carbo vegetabilis" (two times at the middle of plant vegetation) of different solution concentrations every 10 days. It was established that the preparations influenced the yield and biochemical composition of sweet pepper fruit. The obtained results showed that the plants sprayed with the biological extract "Funres" had the highest yield (7.1-7.2 kg m-2). It was established that the average amout of soluble solids in the sweet pepper fruit reached 6.9-9.8% respectively. The highest amount of ascorbic acid (178-181.5 mg 100 g-1) was detected in the fuit of cultivar 'Alanta', which had been sprayed four times with the botanical extracts "Zytron" and "Funres". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides 25 years overview of vegetable breeding researches at the Institute of Horticulture, LRCAF. Vegetable breeding research work was carried out in following programs: "Horticulture: agrobiological basics and technology" and "Agriculture and forest plant genetics and genotypes targeted replacement". Applying hybridization, evaluation of breeding material, directional selection and long-term selection methods from the local population samples, there were developed new cultivars and hybrids. 49 new vegetable cultivars and hybrids were created since 1987 and the result of all breeding work -- more than 70 cultivars of vegetables and rare plants. In 2003-2013 investigations were carried out in Poland and the result determines that Lithuanian cultivars were included in the EU Common Catalogue of Agricultural Plant and Vegetable Varieties. 36 vegetable cultivars and hybrids were included in the National Plant Variety List and EU Common Catalogue of Agricultural Plant and Vegetable Varieties until 2013. More than 60 species are grown in the collection of rare vegetable and spice plants. Technologies of their growing and propagation are investigated, suitable plants for Lithuanian climate are selected and seed propagation is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were carried out in 2006-2007. Red beet cultivar 'Rikiai' (No. 403) was compared with the varieties 'Egipski' and 'Joniai'. There was evaluated germination, disease resistance, the calculated yield to assess crop-root morphological features. 'Rikiai' -- indeterminate, with two seeds (75 %) species. The foliage is dark green, slightly yellowish hue. Root-crop semi-elliptic, elliptic and slightly rounded shape with a thin core root of the cuticle smooth. Belongs to the 'Egypt' type species. Average weight of crop-root -- 280-300 g. Beetroot is resistant to drought. Red beet is suitable for fresh consumption, can be kept during the winter, and preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations of the suitability of various sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars were carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, in the experimental base ield crop rotation in 2008-2009. As the object of investigation there were selected six cultivars producing the foliage of different colour and size: 'Dark Opal', 'Cinamon', 'Fine Verde', 'Red Rubin', 'Holly' and 'Genovese'. During investigations there were evaluated morphological features of different sweet basil cultivars, productivity and there were established the main biochemical indices in fresh herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation was carried out at the LRCAF Institute of Horticulture in 2012. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate delayed sowing time influence on tomato yield and quality. The object of investigation was tomato variety -- 'Tamina'. It's a medium early, indeterminate type variety, growing up till 2 meters in height with mid-sized (75 g) fruits. Tomato seeds were sown at four different times (29-03-2012; 05-04-2012; 04-12-2012 and 19-04-2012) in heated greenhouse. On the 5th of June tomato seedlings were planted in natural soil in polyethylene non-heated greenhouse as a second culture. The experiment was conducted in three replications. Harvesting field area was 2.1 m². Dry matter and soluble solids content of tomato fruit were determined at the LRCAF Institute of Horticulture in Biochemistry and Technology Laboratory, applying non-destructive Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR). The results showed that the earliest sown tomatoes had the earliest yield, but time between germination and the first yield was 3 days longer in comparison with latest sowing tomatoes. Tomatoes sown on the 29th of March and on the 5th of April stood out with the highest total and marketable yields. Tomato sowing time delay gradually increased the amount of non-marketable yield and non-marketable amount of fruits. The earliest sown tomatoes had the largest fruits and sowing delay had negative effect on fruit size. Sowing time also influenced the amounts of dry soluble solids and soluble solids content in tomato fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010-2011 four varieties ('Moravan', 'Szmaragd', 'Common', 'Mammouth') of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were tested and evaluated at the LRCAF Institute of Horticulture. There were chosen conditions of organically growing. The research showed that 'Moravan' and 'Szmaragd' dill were more suitable to grow, according to the yield and crop quality. In 2010 'Szmaragd' variety harvest of technical maturity was 22.3 t ha-1 and in 2011-25.4 t ha-1 . Harvest of 'Moravan' variety reached 17.7-22.8 t ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation was carried out at the LRCAF Institute of Horticulture in 2007--2009. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate yield and biochemical parameters of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray). Tomatoes were grown according to integrated tomato growing technology approved by Institute of Horticulture. The object of investigation was six varieties ('Snow bewy', 'Vishenki yellow', 'Tangella orange', 'Orange sweet chewy', 'Huge tresies', 'Yellow centilor') and three selection numbers (995, 1112, 1144) of cherry tomatoes. It was established that the highest total (10.5 kg m-2 ) and marketable (9.8 kg m-2 ) yield had cherry tomato variety 'Orange sweet chewy'; also their fruits were rich in saccharose. Selection numbers 995 and 1144 were lexible and every year their yield varied in small range. Selection number 1144 fruits accumulated the highest amount of inverted (5.39 %) and total sugar (6.15 %); besides, their fruits had a lot of dry soluble solids (8.0 %) and dry matter (11.7 %). Selection number 995 tomatoes had the biggest amount of ascorbic acid (19.6 mg 100 g-1 ) and the lowest active acidity pH (4.18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Productivity and Root-Crop Quality of Lithuanian Carrot (Daucus SativusRöhl.) Breeder LinesThe investigation was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2004-2006. Nine promising Lithuanian breeder lines of carrots: 2030, 2046, 2049, 2056, 2065, 2075, 2084, 2091, 2095, and hybrid Svalia F1were included in our experiment. The following sets of parameters were estimated: plant phenology, morphology (length, diameter and mass of root), yield and biochemical composition (carotene, dry soluble matter, total sugar, nitrates). Carrots were cultivated in sandy or sandy-loam Calc (ar)i - Epihypogleyc Luvisols (LVg-p-w-cc), on a profiled surface in four replications. Multiyear results show that carrot root-crop quality depends not only on genotype but also on soil type and growing conditions. In Lithuania the most popular hybrid root-crops have the same shape, about 18-25 cm length and 3.6-3.9 cm diameter. Thus, for our experiment we chose breeder lines meeting to these popular standards. Breeder lines 2030 and 2075 had the best root shape: root length 18.0-21.0 cm and diameter 3.7-3.9 cm. During three years of observation, we found that breeder line 2056 carrots were large (root mass 172.7 g). Yield analysis showed that the highest total and marketable yield was achieved by breeder line 2030 and Svalia' F1. Carrot breeds 2030, 2091 and Svalia' F1had the best biochemical composition.

The study was performed at the LRCAF institute of Horticulture in 2015-2017. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the morphological features of plants and fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars, to select samples with economical features for breeding of constant lines and heteroses hybrids. There were estimated 21varieties and hybrids bred in Lithuania, Netherland, Poland and Russia. Plants were grown in unheated plastic tunnels. According the results of estimation there were selected samples with early blooming by stamens and pistillate flowers, distinct by plants height and shape, intensity of lateral stems growing, different fruits shape and taste. Cucumber varieties 'Krepysh', 'Liubimchik', 'Maliutka', 'Malysh' maybe used as donors of selection material for early fruiting cucumbers. Hybrids and varieties 'Akord', 'Altaj', 'Anulka', 'Atomic', 'Krepysh', 'Orfeus' are valuable for breeding of outdoor cucumbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations of productivity of the most popular edible onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars grown in Lithuania were carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (IH-LRCAF) in 2008-2010. Three onion cultivars - 'Babtu didieji', 'Red Baron' No. 080 and ten hybrids - 'Spirit' F1, 'Burgos' F1, 'Mission' F1, 'Napaleon' F1, 'Vision' F1, 'Solution' F1, 'Sunskin' F1, 'Musica' F1, 'Stamford' F1 and 'Red Beauty' F1 were estimated. The yield and its structure were evaluated. The height and diameter of onion bulbs were determined. The index of bulb shape was calculated. The obtained results showed that our climatic conditions are favourable for onion growing. All investigated edible onion cultivars and hybrids differed according to their productivity. Hybrid 'Musica' F1 was distinguished for the significantly highest total and marketable yield during the period of three year investigation. The highest output of the marketable yield was determined with 'Vision' F1. The largest bulb size was obtained from 'Stamford' F1. The obtained results confirm that a genotype is an important factor that affects crop productivity. Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialo Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės instituto eksperimentiniame lauke 2008-2010 metais tirtas Lietuvoje populiariausių valgomojo svogūno (Allium cepa L.) veislių ir hibridų produktyvumas. Vertintos trys valgomojo svogūno veislės: 'Babtų didieji', 'Red Baron', Nr. 080, ir dešimt heterozinių hibridų: 'Spirit' F1, 'Burgos' F1, 'Mission' F1, 'Napaleon' F1, 'Vision' F1, 'Solution' F1, 'Sunskin' F1, 'Musica' F1, 'Stamford' F1, 'Red Beauty' F1. Nustatytas derlius ir jo struktūra. Įvertintas ropelių aukštis ir skersmuo. Apskaičiuotas ropelės formos indeksas. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad mūsų klimato sąlygos yra palankios svogūnams augti. Visų tirtų veislių ir hibridų produktyvumas buvo skirtingas. Trejų metų tyrimo duomenys parodė, kad iš esmės didžiausią bendrą ir prekinį derlių išaugino hibridas 'Musica' F1. Didžiausia buvo 'Vision' F1 svogūnų prekinio ropelių derliaus išeiga. Didžiausio svorio ropeles išaugino 'Stamford' F1. Gauti rezultatai patvirtina prielaidą, kad genotipas yra svarbus augalų produktyvumo veiksnys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2004-2008. The aim of this experiment was to investigate vegetable reproduction features of selected varieties and lines for applying them to renewal of genetic reserves, as well to establish the factors influencing the biological and agricultural features on seeds. The species, varieties and selected samples of red beet, edible carrot and edible onion propagated by seeds were investigated. Investigation of seed quality of biennial root-crop vegetables showed that `Garduolés' cultivar seeds were of higher viability (viable -74.1 %) in comparison with `Vaiguva' (59.6 %). Investigations showed that cultivar genotype and meteorological conditions influenced morphological characteristics of the grown onion seeds. Cultivar's `Lietuvos didieji' seed germination was 10 % higher in dry year (2006). Onion seed viability varied from 73.0 to 80.9 %. During vegetation period the seed plants were injured by fungous disease. There were found typical vegetable pathogens Alternaria, Botrytis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Stemphylium and Phoma genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were carried out in the crop rotation experimental field at the Institute of Horticulture Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (IH-LRCAF) in 2016-2017. The aim of investigation -- to estimate the parameters of goatsbeard and black salsify productivity in the flat soil and ridge glance soil surface during different growing year. The object of investigation was the cultivar 'Mammouth Sandwich Island' of goatsbeard (Tragopogon porrifolius L.) (Germany) and two cultivars 'Hoffmann's Schwarze Pfahl' (Germany) and 'Duplex' (Netherlands) of black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.). Results of investigation showed that the highest total (18,1 t ha-1) and marketable (14,4 t ha-1) yield of goatsbeard and the highest total (18,9 t ha-1) and marketable (15,2 t ha-1) yield of black salsify was determined in the ridge glanced soil surface. The marketable yield of goatsbeard 4,4 % and 9 % of black salsify was higher in the ridge glance soil surface compared with flat soil. Plants distinguished with the index of root shape compared in the flat soil and ridge glance soil surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.subsp. macrocarpum var. grossum (L.) Sendt.) fruits was investigated at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2015-2016. Plants were grown in unheated polyethylene greenhouses. The object of investigation was eight sweet pepper cultivars and hybrids 'Reda' (Lithuania), 'Alanta' (Lithuania), 'Whitney' H (Netherlands), 'Paradise' H (Czech Republic), 'Stanley' H (Poland), 'Garnet' H (Czech Republic), 'Turbine' H (Netherlands), 'Oreny' H (Czech Republic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were carried out in LIH during 2004-2008 period. The object of investigation was three varieties 'Aliai', 'Sempra', 'Zornaja rostan' and two breeding numbers No. 031 and No. 042. Results of investigation showed, that the height of investigated cultivars reached from 44.6 cm to 57.9 cm, diameter reached from 41.1 cm to 65.0 cm. Chives of variety 'Aliai' were distinguished for the highest leaves. The highest amount of leaves in a bunch was determined in chives of variety 'Sempra' and breeding number No. 042, respectively 122 psc. and 128 psc. Estimation of morphological parameters of leaves showed, that average diameter of leaves was 0.4-0.5 cm, length varied from 34.2 cm to 43.3 cm. Chives of variety 'Aliai' were distinguished for the longest leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithuanian and foreign cultivars of onions were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture of the organically grown experimental field in 2008-2009. Productivity and biochemical composition of edible onion is influenced by genetype and conditions of growing. Investigations showed that onions 'Babtu didieji' were more productive (yield - 15.1 t ha-1) than other investigated cultivars and produced turnips of average size (121. 0 g). In 2008-2009 during onion vegetation and storage there were found diseases, which were caused by pathogenic pathogenic fungi of the genera Peronospora and Botrytis. Botrytis squamosa fungi injured onion leaves and caused leaf blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated late frosts on physiological indices of pea plants. Vegetative experiments were carried out in Laboratory of Plant Physiology at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in phytotron complex in 2008. Investigated plants: Pisum sativum L. var. `Pinochio' and var. `Cud Kelvedonu'. Plants were exposed to frost two and four days, by simulating frosts for three and a half hour. Different influence on plant physiological parameters of two and four days frosts was observed. The reaction of peas to stress depended on their genotype. Two and four days frost adversely affected photosynthesis system of pea var. `Pinochio'. Fructose and glucose abundantly accumulated in the leaves of pea var. `Pinocchio' after two and four days frost. Hexoses participate in tolerance to frost processes. Pea var. `Cud Kelvedonu' was tolerant to frost and frosts of different length had not essential impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]