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The 17 papers in this collection all deal with 20th-century journalism, journalists, and mass media. The papers and their authors are: "Building One's Own Gallows: The Trade Publications' Reaction to a Federal Shield Law, 1972-1974" (Karla Gower); "The Useful Ogre: Sweden's Use and Views of American Television, 1956-62" (Ulf Jonas Bjork); "Black or Negro? The Media's Dilemma of Racial Identifiers, 1967-1971" (Joey Senat); "Hostile Crowds, Homosexual Activists and AIDS Victims: Mainstream Newspapers Cover Gay Liberation" (Elizabeth M. Koehler); "Unhappy Events in Ireland: Irish-American Press Coverage of Dublin's 1916 Easter Rising" (Karen Patricia Potter); "'They're Talking about Us': Yellow Journalism and the Press of West Africa" (W. Joseph Campbell); "Same/Difference: The Media, Equal Rights and Aboriginal Women in Canada, 1968" (Barbara M. Freeman); "Literature, Propaganda and the First World War: The Case of 'Blackwood's Magazine'" (David Finkelstein); "Reasoned Protest and Personal Journalism: The Liberty and Death of 'The Intermountain Observer'" (James B. McPherson); "Measuring Jazz Journalism in Missouri Dailies of the 1920s" (Steven D. Koski); "Fighting for 'The Big Voices of the Air': A History of the Clear Channel Broadcasting Service"; "Rural Publicity in the Boilerplate Era: The Mt. Clemens News Bureau" (James C. Foust); "The Delightful Relationship: Presidents and White House Correspondents in the 1920s" (Stephen Ponder); "Construction of a Gay Image in the Washington Press: 1943-1970" (Edward M. Alwood); "Balancing Academic Freedom and Academic Image: The North Carolina Speaker Ban, 1963-1968" (Patricia Richardson); "The Vietnam War, the Cold War, and Protestants: How the 'Christian Century' and 'Christianity Today' Reflected American Society in the 1960s" (David E. Settje); and "News Pegs and the National Farmers Organization: Episodic and Life-Span Patterns of Press Coverage" (Jane S. McConnell). (NKA)

The 14 papers in this collection all deal with 20th century journalism and journalists in the United States. The papers and their authors are: "Educating Ike: The Evolution of Presidential PR in 1953" (David W. Guth); "Crumbs from the Publishers' Golden Tables: The Plight of the Chicago Newsboy" (Jon Bekken); "'They Work Too Hard': How Newspapers Justified the 1924 Exclusion of Japanese Immigrants" (Brad Hamm); "Agnes Smedley: A Radical Journalist in Search of a Cause" (Karla Gower); "The Camera's Red Lens: Television Coverage of Wounded Knee II, 1973" (William Hewitt); "From College Expulsion to Pulitzer Prize: How the New York World-Telegram's Fred Woltman Became the 'No. 1 Newspaper Specialist' on Communists" (Brad Hamm); "The Segregationist Press in the Closed Society: The Jackson Daily News' Coverage of the Civil Rights Movement, 1960-1964" (David R. Davies); "A 'Political Institutional' Theory of the News: The Emergence of Independent Journalism in Detroit, 1865-1920" (Richard L. Kaplan); "Will Irwin Revisited: A Contrast of Past and Present Criticisms of the Press" (Brian C. Smith); "Returning Government to the Hands of the People: The Pacific Northwest's Nonpartisan League Newspapers" (Mary M. Cronin and Paul Schlienz); "Birth Control Crusade: The Public Relations Campaign" (R. Brooks Garner); "AIDS and the Gay Press: Uncovering or Covering Up?" (Rodger Streitmatter); "The Farmer and the Radio Man Should Be Friends: Clear Channel Radio Stations and the Farm Lobby, 1941-1968" (James C. Foust); and "Electrical Transcriptions: Quality Programming for All Radio Stations" (Jann Hyde). (NKA)

The 13 papers presented in this collection all deal with journalism and journalists from colonial America through the 19th century. The papers and their authors are: "'The Presence of God Was Much Seen in Their Assemblies': Religious News in Colonial America" (David A. Copeland); "And So They Came: The Persuasive Effect of American Settlement Literature during the Colonial Era" (Julie Hedgepeth Williams); "The Impact of the American Revolution on the Occupational Ideology of Journalists: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Revolution Prospectuses" (Patricia L. Dooley); "Trade, Treachery, and Daily Necessities: The Significance of the Sea to Colonial Newspapers" (David A. Copeland); "The Press and the War of 1812" (Susan Thompson); "'A Tincture of Madness': The Failure of Benjamin Franklin's West Indies Printing Partnerships" (Ralph Frasca); "'The Earnest Endeavor': Andrew Brown's Role in Philadelphia's 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic" (Mark A. Smith); "Constantine Rea: An Antebellum Editor" (Nan Fairley); "The Rise of the Fact and 'Naive Empiricism' in Journalism and the Sciences, As Seen in the Great Cholera Epidemics of 1832, 1849, and 1866" (David T. Z. Mindich); "Observers of Crisis and Compromise: The Washington Correspondents of 1850" (Mark J. Stegmaier); "With Respect and Admiration--Walter Mason Camp, Journalist of the Little Big Horn" (Warren E. "Sandy" Barnard); "Domesticity and Municipal Housekeeping Concerns in the Writing of Women Journalists during the Nineteenth Century" (Agnes Hooper Gottlieb); and "From an Incautious Heroine, Ishbel Ross: Arms Outstretched beneath a Backward-Billowing Old Glory" (Beverly G. Merrick). (NKA)

Due to the development of artificial intelligence and language-based software, automatic machines, which can generate news contents from data, are starting to be used in the editorial practice. Despite the fact that this field of editorial work is currently at its advent, it has been developing and improving relatively quickly. At present, robots for production of contents are implemented in editorial offices of large media, and are able to process huge amounts of data, while saving journalists' work. Robo-journalism, which is the result of an effective interconnection among informatics, statistics and reporting, is being vividly discussed not only in media practice, but also in professional circles. The study deals with robot journalism that uses intelligent software to produce news articles. Its application fundamentally redefines editorial routines, journalistic practices and existing models of editorial work. Media and journalism theorists are interested in the influence of robojournalism on the editing process, the journalistic profession, the journalist as a creative person and their competences. The authors of the paper intend to broaden the awareness of this dynamically developing segment of new coverage and to point out its selected aspects in relation to media practice, but also theoretical reflection. [For "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: Education and Language Edition (Athens, Greece, August 19, 2019). Book 1. Volume 2," see ED603411.]

The 16 papers presented in this collection all deal with journalism and journalists from colonial America through the 19th century. The papers and their authors are: "Fighting for a Continent: Newspaper Coverage of the English and French War for Control of North America, 1754-1760" (David A. Copeland); "A Romance with 'Local' Happenings (Never Mind What You Were Taught): Colonial Americans and Their Newspapers" (Julie Hedgepeth Williams); "When Women Speak: A Comparison of the Voices of Black Women Journalists before and after the Civil War" (Bernell E. Tripp); "Inventing an Indian Icon: How the Press Made Sense of Sitting Bull" (John M. Coward); "From Populist to Patrician: Edward H. Butler's Buffalo 'News' and the Crisis of Labor, 1877-1892" (Michael J. Dillon); "'I Heare It So Variously Reported': News-Letters, Newspapers, and the Ministerial Network in New England, 1670-1730" (Sheila McCall McIntyre); "Christmas Puffery: Christmas Book Advertising in Nineteenth Century Newspapers" (Priscilla Coit Murphy); "Little Big Horn Coverage in the Texas Press: Fiercely Partisan Myth-Making" (James E. Mueller); "The Paper and the Poles: The First Major Crusade of Buffalo's "Evening News'" (Jerry Goldberg); "The Work That Came before Art: Willa Cather's Journalism, 1893-1912" (Carolyn L. Kitch); "From 1850 to 1950: Actions of Early Journalists Often Unethical, Even Illegal" (Fred Fedler); "The Medium in the Mirror: How Journalists in the 1880s and 1890s Viewed 'New Journalism'" (James McCollum); "Women's Moral Reform Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century: A Cultural Feminist Analysis" (Therese L. Lueck); "The Third Most Valuable Newspaper Property in Chicago: A History of the 'Chicago Journal'" (Jon Bekken); "Converting the Popular to Politics: The American Feminist Magazine as Forum for Transformation" (Amy Beth Aronson); and "Cattle Papers and the Cowboy: Myth-Making in the 'Bad Lands Cow Boy'" (Ross F. Collins). (NKA)

Intended for those interested in scientific research in journalism, the papers in this volume focus on conditions of journalism, journalism and reality, and methodology. The papers discuss the following topics: (1) research on the contents of newspapers and the working conditions for editorial staff; (2) the meanings and functions of audience in mass communication; (3) house organs in Yugoslavia; (4) political structure and representational form in United States and Italian television news; (5) the crisis of Norwegian journalism; (6) television news as a cultural discourse; (7) "the personal problem" or neo-moralism, alcohol and journalism; and (8) the program leader's persona in TV-information programs. (HOD)

As publishers make the transition from ink-on-paper to digitalized messages, researchers must ask whether the system is the solution. Are there advantages to presenting newspaper content on computers? Or do people prefer to handle paper? A study reported subjects' self-report responses regarding interface between people (experimental subjects) and modality (paper, computer, multimedia). Each of the 75 subjects participating in the study were given questionnaires to rate their responses to the different media. Fifty-five of the participants were U.S. undergraduate students enrolled in journalism classes. Twenty subjects were university library employees, recruited as "expert" searchers. The study revealed significant effects for interestingness, pleasingness, image interestingness, and image pleasantness as a function of modality. For each of these measures, multimedia was rated the highest, followed by computer and paper. Although the study did not address memory, the results suggest that the primacy of print theory may be losing its predictive power. No effect was found for text as a function of modality. Perhaps perceived differences between modalities are diminishing. Further research might confirm this suggestion. Researchers may begin to notice less and less cognitive and behavioral resistance to computerized information delivery systems. And they may notice more resistance to ink-on-paper. To meet such evolving expectations, researchers and newspaper professionals may apply results of this study to design effective interactive multimedia systems and content. (Seven figures and two data tables are included. Contains 53 references.) (TB)