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The development of sensors for detection of biomarkers exhibits an exciting potential in diagnosis of diseases. Herein, we propose a novel electrochemical sensing strategy for label-free dual-biomarker detection, which is based on the combination of stimulus-responsive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified nanopores and a polymeric membrane chronopotentiometric sensor. The ion fluxes galvanostatically imposed on the sensing membrane surface can be blocked by the recognition reaction between the target biomarker in the sample solution and the stimulus-responsive MIP receptor in the nanopores, thus causing a potential change. By using two external stimuli (i.e., pH and temperature), the recognition abilities of the stimulus-responsive MIP receptor can be effectively modulated so that dual-biomarker label-free chronopotentiometric detection can be achieved. Using alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as model biomarkers, the proposed sensor offers detection limits of 0.17 and 0.42 ng/mL for AFP and PSA, respectively.

Patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) can safely spared screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) when they meet the Baveno VI criteria as assessed by transient elastography. Recently, the cutoff values of the Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) were proposed. We aimed to validate it to rule out high-risk varices (HRVs) in cACLD patients; combine spleen diameter (SPD) with the Baveno VI criteria and assess whether it can spare more screening EGD. A total of 173 cACLD patients with successful liver stiffness (LS) measurements and EGD examinations were included. We analyzed the risk factors that predicted HRVs and compared the performances of different models for ruling out HRVs. The platelet count, LS, and SPD were independent predictors of HRVs. The AUCs of platelet count, LS, spleen stiffness and SPD for diagnosing HRVs were 0.797, 0.757, 0.834, and 0.804, respectively. The Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2D-SWE spared 25.4% of EGD screenings and missed 2.4% of the HRV patients. Combining SPD ≤11.1 cm with the Baveno VI criteria could spare more EGD screenings than just applying the Baveno VI criteria (45.1% vs 25.4%, P< 0.001), and missed 4.9% of the HRV patients. The Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2D-SWE could be safely applied in cACLD patients to rule out HRV patients. The combined model Baveno VI/SPD could safely and significantly increase the rate of spared EGD.

Flower plants are popular all over the world and important sources of ornamental plants, bioactive molecules and nutrients. Flowers have a wide range of biological activities and beneficial pharmacological effects. Flowers and their active ingredients are becoming more and more popular in the preparation of food, drugs and industrial products. This paper summarizes the active ingredients, pharmacological activities and applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries of flower plants in recent years. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism of pharmacological effects of flower plants were also discussed. 302 active constituents from 55 species of flower plants were summarized, including flavonoids (115), terpenoids (90), phenylpropanoids (20), alkaloids (13), organic acids (27) and others (37). The pharmacological effects of flower plants are very extensive, mainly including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, and hypoglycemic. The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic activities present the characteristics of multi-way and multi-target. Because of its rich nutrients, bioactive ingredients and plant essential oils, and its wide sources, flower plants are widely used in food, beverage, cosmetics and drug research. Flower plants also play an important role in pharmaceutical industry, food industry and other fields.

Hybrid-driven Underwater Glider (HUG) is a new type of underwater vehicle which integrates the functions of an Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) and an Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV). Although HUG has the characteristics of long endurance distance, its maneuverability still has room to be improved. This work introduces a new movement form of the neck of the underwater creature into HUG and proposes a parallel mechanism to adjust the attitude angle and displacement of the HUG’s bow, which can improve the steering maneuverability. Firstly, the influence of bow movement and rotation on the hydrodynamic force and flow field of the whole machine is analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The degree of freedom, attitude control range and movement amount of the Movable Bow Mechanism (MBM) are obtained, and then the design of MBM is completed based on these constraints. Secondly, the kinematic and dynamic models of MBM are established based on the closed vector method and the Lagrange equation, respectively, which are fully verified by comparing the results of simulation in Matlab and Adams software, then a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to improve the dynamic response effect of the output parameters of MBM. Finally, a prototype of MBM is manufactured and assembled. The kinematic, dynamics model and controller are verified by experiments, which provides a basis for applying MBM in HUGs.

Complicated temporal patterns can provide important information for accurate time series forecasting. Existing long short-term memory (LSTM) model with attention mechanism have achieved significant performance. However, the exponential decay of long-term memory of LSTM has not be resolved yet in these efforts, remaining a longstanding open problem in recurrent nature. This problem exhibits a bottleneck which restricts the performance of existing studies. Recently, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown high efficiency in capturing temporal patterns via the surrogate gradient (SG) method to resolve this issue. However, the concept-drift environment makes it impossible to pre-set the variance into the standard SG method due to time-varying data distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive and hybrid spiking (AHS) module embedded LSTM, collaborating with two attention mechanisms (called HSN-LSTM) to resolve above-mentioned problems. First, the AHS module is analyzed theoretically can remain long-term memory. Moreover, our smooth SG method avoids pre-setting of variance, which is not sensitive in the above scenarios. Besides, we use the negative log-likelihood function to adjust the attention score for alleviating the negative impact from the concept-drift. Experiment results show the HSN-LSTM outperformed the state-of-the-art models on several multivariate time series datasets.

A 95% efficiency reusable adaptive time control bidirectional buck charge converter for wide input range operation is presented in this brief. For keeping the switching frequency stable, a reusable adaptive time generator is proposed to improve the transient response and stability of the system. In the buck charging and reverse boost discharging mode, the circuit adopts adaptive off-time control and on-time control, respectively. In order to ensure that the converter can work over a wide input range in the above two working modes, a maximum voltage selection circuit is used to generate a stable high-voltage output signal as the power supply voltage of the system. The proposed bidirectional converter has been fabricated using 0.18- $\mathbf {\mathrm {\mu }}\text{m}$ BCD process. Measurement results show that the converter has good output accuracy. The switching frequency is centered at 750kHz with less than 1.5% variation when the input voltage is 4.5-14V in the buck mode and 2.6-4.5V in the boost mode. The maximum conversion efficiency is up to 95%. Its minimum input starting voltage can be as low as 2.6V.

In this work, novel metal–organic framework/polyimide (MOF/PI) composite films possessing dielectric properties were synthesized via a solution blending method. UiO-66 and UiO-66–NH2nanoparticles were first prepared by a hydrothermal method and added into PI to obtain the composite films. Compared with pure PI, the dielectric properties of the MOF/PI composites were substantially enhanced. The amine functionalization gave UiO-66–NH2/PI composite films better dielectric properties in comparison with UiO-66/PI composite films because of improved interaction between PI and UiO-66–NH2. It showed that the dielectric constant of the PI composite film containing 20 wt% UiO-66–NH2is 8.8 at 102Hz, which was approximately 2.5 times that of the pure PI (3.5 at 102Hz). The dielectric loss of the composite film was less than 0.034. Moreover, the breakdown strength of 20 wt% UiO-66–NH2/PI composite films was found to be 208 kV/mm. We describe this new perspective for the preparation of high-performance polymer-based dielectric materials and their application as electrical materials.

Fungal infections gradually lead to a high mortality rate due to difficulties in diagnosis, the limited number of antifungal drugs available, and the appearance of resistant isolates. Here, we developed a calcofluor white-cholesteryl hydrogen succinate conjugate (CFW–CHSc) as a novel nanomaterial that specifically binds to chitin chains in the cell wall. We showed that fluorescent-dye loaded CFW–CHSc-liposomes entered the cytoplasm of Candida albicanscells with increased efficacy. Voriconazole-loaded CFW–CHSc-liposomes displayed an increased antifungal activity against C. albicansyeast cells in an in vitroassay. Animal infection models and animal imaging analysis showed that fluorescent-dye loaded CFW–CHSc-liposomes maintained prolonged residence in rodent tissues. In mouse liver and kidney tissue, voriconazole-loaded CFW–CHSc-liposomes showed significantly enhanced antifungal activity when administered intravenously. Taken together, our studies confirm that CFW–CHSc increases the drug delivery efficacy of nanoparticles in vitroby interacting with chitin chains in the C. albicanscell wall. The fungi-targeting nanoparticles improve the drug delivery efficacy in vivoby enriching the nanoparticles at the site of fungal infection viathe blood circulation system. Fungi-targeting nanomaterials have a promising future in the treatment of nosomycosis.

Climate change and food shortage are two of the defining challenges in the coming decades. Considering that conventional approaches for protein production may associate with negative environmental impacts and greenhouse gas emissions, alternative protein sources that rely on inexhaustible substrates/energy should be pursued. In this proof-of-concept study, we propose a two-stage bioinorganic electrosynthesis process that can first convert CO2and excessive electricity into methane and then synthesize single-cell protein. With an external voltage of 3.5 V and a CO2inflow rate of 50 mL·d−1, it was possible to produce methanotrophic biomass of 118.7 ± 9.2 mg·L−1with an amino acids mass content of 54.6% ± 8.3%, resulting in nitrogen assimilation and CO2conversion efficiency of 91.0% ± 1.3% and 71.0%. The applied voltages, CO2inflow rates, and O2supply were found to affect the process significantly. This process using renewable feedstocks was proved independent of conventional agriculture for protein production.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with an increasing incidence, pose a significant health burden. Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of IBD, more progress is still needed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to treat a host of conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and gas gangrene. In the last few years, there has been an increase in research into the use of HBOT as an adjunct to conventional treatment for IBD. Related research has shown that HBOT may exert its therapeutic effects by decreasing oxidative stress, inhibiting mucosal inflammation, promoting ulcer healing, influencing gut microbes, and reducing the incidence of IBD complications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of experimental and clinical trials exploring HBOT as a supplement to IBD treatment strategies.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in developed countries. Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the major histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, has been connected to prostate cancer malignancy. However, its downstream genes and pathways have not been well established. Here, we show tumor suppressor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β (HNF1B) as a direct downstream target of EZH2. EZH2 binds HNF1Blocus and suppresses HNF1B expression in prostate cancer cell lines, which is further supported by the reverse correlation between EZH2 and HNF1B expression in clinical samples. Consistently, restored HNF1B expression significantly suppresses EZH2-mediated overgrowth and EMT processes, including migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, we find that HNF1B primarily binds the promoters of thousands of target genes, and differentially regulates the expression of 876 genes. We also identify RBBP7/RbAP46 as a HNF1B interacting protein which is required for HNF1B-mediated repression of SLUG expression and EMT process. Importantly, we find that higher HNF1B expression strongly predicts better prognosis of prostate cancer, alone or together with lower EZH2 expression. Taken together, we have established a previously underappreciated axis of EZH2-HNF1B-SLUG in prostate cancer, and also provide evidence supporting HNF1B as a potential prognosis marker for metastatic prostate cancer.

In this paper, we report the controlled crystallization of calcite by using hyaluronan, a primary constituent of the extracellular substance. Unusual toplike asymmetric calcite crystals with a single extensive (00.1) exposed face were harvested, in contrast to the {10.4} rhombohedral calcite obtained without any additives. The size of the crystal together with peculiar cap structural modifications could be modulated easily by altering the Hya concentration, possibly due to three-dimensional Hya templating crystallization control. SEM, XRPD, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analyses, and staining experiments with charged dyes were adopted for characterizing the morphology, predominant crystallographic orientations, phase, and the (001) face of the crystal and describing the breaking of the morphological symmetry.

Waterborne pathogens invariably present considerable threats to public health. The quorum sensing (QS) system is instrumental in coordinating bacterial growth and metabolisms. However, the responses and regulatory mechanisms of bacteria to various disinfection technologies through quorum sensing are still unclear. This study examines the inactivation effect of chlorination and ozonation on biofilms and planktonic cells of QS signaling-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell counting and viability assessment revealed that the combined disinfection of chlorine and ozone was the most effective for inactivating planktonic P. aeruginosawithin 10 min of exposure. Additionally, microfluidic chip culture demonstrated that the secretion of quinolone signals escalated biofilms’ disinfection resistance. Disinfection exposure significantly altered the gene expression of wild-type strains and QS signaling-deficient mutants. Moreover, the QS system triggered multilayered gene expression programs as a responsive protection to disinfectant exposure, including oxidative stress, ribosome synthesis, and the nutrient absorption of bacteria. These insights broaden our understanding of bacterial QS in response to disinfection, promising potential strategies toward efficient disinfection processes.

Currently, researchers have increasingly focused on 3D in vitro tumor models as they possess the capacity to replicate tissue-like characteristics and cell-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Hydrogel, a hydrophilic polymer network that crosslinks in a 3D structure, has emerged as a prominent cynosure due to its ability to absorb water, swell, and provide attachment sites for cells. By mimicking the extracellular matrix, hydrogel facilitates the investigation of cell growth and cell-cell interaction. The gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel has garnered significant interest in the scientific community due to its ability to be mechanically adjusted and its exceptional biocompatibility. This review primarily focuses on the recent advancements in the construction methodology of 3D tumor models utilizing GelMA hydrogel, including the preparation procedures, tumor attributes, and performance enhancements. Furthermore, we offer insights into the prospective directions for the advancement of GelMA hydrogels. It is anticipated that GelMA hydrogels will find extensive application in the near future for the precise fabrication of tumor models with diverse geometries. These models are poised to become the preferred option for investigating the tumor microenvironment, tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, and related mechanisms.

From the conventional knowledge of protein nutrition to the molecular nutrition of amino acids, our understanding of protein/amino acid nutrition is rapidly increasing. Amino acids control cell growth and metabolism through two amino acid-sensing pathways, i.e. target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) signaling pathway. In the amino acid-abundant status, TORC1 dominates intracellular signaling and increases protein synthesis and cell growth. In contrast, amino acid deprivation actives GCN2 resulting in repression of general protein synthesis but facilitates the amino acid transport and synthesis process. By integrating and coordinating nutrition and hormone signaling, TORC1 and GCN2 control the switch of the catabolism and anabolism phase in most eukaryotes. Now, we appreciate that the availability of individual amino acids is sensed by intracellular sensors. These cutting-edge findings expand our knowledge of amino acid nutrition. Although the TORC1 and GCN2 were discovered decades ago, the study of molecular amino acid nutrition in aquaculture animals is still at its infancy. The aquaculture industry is highly dependent on the supply of fishmeal, which is the major protein source in aquacultural animal diets. Some concerted efforts were conducted to substitute for fishmeal due to limited supply of it. However, the concomitant issues including the unbalanced amino acid profile of alternative protein sources limited the utilization of those proteins. Continued study of the molecular nutrition of amino acid in aquaculture animals may be expected in the immediate future to expand our knowledge on the utilization of alternative protein sources.

Mutation or disruption of the SH3 and ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) gene represents a highly penetrant, monogenic risk factor for autism spectrum disorder, and is a cause of Phelan–McDermid syndrome. Recent advances in gene editing have enabled the creation of genetically engineered non-human-primate models, which might better approximate the behavioural and neural phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder than do rodent models, and may lead to more effective treatments. Here we report CRISPR–Cas9-mediated generation of germline-transmissible mutations of SHANK3in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and their F1 offspring. Genotyping of somatic cells as well as brain biopsies confirmed mutations in the SHANK3gene and reduced levels of SHANK3 protein in these macaques. Analysis of data from functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed altered local and global connectivity patterns that were indicative of circuit abnormalities. The founder mutants exhibited sleep disturbances, motor deficits and increased repetitive behaviours, as well as social and learning impairments. Together, these results parallel some aspects of the dysfunctions in the SHANK3gene and circuits, as well as the behavioural phenotypes, that characterize autism spectrum disorder and Phelan–McDermid syndrome. The CRISPR–Cas9-mediated generation of germline-transmissible mutations of SHANK3in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) forms the basis of a non-human-primate model of autism spectrum disorder and Phelan–McDermid syndrome.

ABSTRACTAsparagus (Asparagus officinalis) has several traits that make it a useful model for cytogenetic studies, however, few studies of the meiosis process have been made in asparagus. Here, we present in detail an atlas of male meiosis in asparagus, from preleptotene to telophase II. The meiosis process in asparagus is largely similar to those of the well-characterized model plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa. However, most asparagus prophase I meiotic chromosomes show a strongly aggregated morphology, and this phenotype persists through the pachytene stage, highlighting a property in the control of chromosome migration and distribution in asparagus. Further, we observed no obvious banding of autofluorescent dots between divided nuclei of asparagus meiocytes, as one would expect in Arabidopsis. This description of wild-type asparagus meiosis will serve as a reference for the analyses of meiotic mutants, as well as for comparative studies among difference species.Abbreviations: DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FISH: fluorescence in situhybridization; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PMC: pollen mother cell; SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope

A rapid quantification method of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is proposed based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in human hemolysate samples. HbA1c, a major clinical diagnostic indicator of diabetes, is a relative content indicator, which was indirectly determined by determining the hemoglobin (Hb) and absolute HbA1c content (Hb·HbA1c) using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The equidistant combination partial least squares (EC-PLS) method was employed in wavelength selection to improve the modeling performance. Modeling samples were divided into calibration and prediction sets 50 times repeatedly to increase the model stability. For Hb and Hb·HbA1c, 90 and 198 wavenumbers were screened out by EC-PLS, respectively. The predicted values of HbA1c were calculated based on the predicted Hb and Hb·HbA1c values. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEP) and correlation coefficients of prediction (RP) were 5.9 g L−1and 0.945 for Hb, 1.32 g L−1and 0.931 for Hb·HbA1c, and 0.67% and 0.918 for HbA1c, respectively, for the validation samples. The results indicated the feasibility of quantification of HbA1c with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This method is simpler and quicker than conventional methods. Thus, this process is a potential diabetes screening tool in large populations.

Acute low-salinity induces multiple stress responses and significantly impact the health of aquatic animals. However, the molecular regulation network and metabolic adaptation of low salinity stress in aquatic organisms remain unclear. The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS)-target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling cascade are evolutionarily conserved regulators known to play crucial roles in response to various stressors. In this study, we used the euryhaline Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as a model organism to investigate the involvement of IGFBP and IIS-TOR signaling cascade in acute low-salinity response. We found seven LvIGFBPsand evaluated 18sas one of most stable internal reference genes under acute low salinity stress. The expression of LvIGFBP4, LvSIBD1, and LvSIBD2was significantly increased after 6-hours 5‰ salinity treatment. LvSIBD2was specifically expressed on the surface of gill branch axis. Acute low-salinity significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and S6K in the gill but not in the muscle. We found acute low-salinity increased the levels of total essential amino acids, including leucine and arginine, while decreasing the total non-essential amino acid levels in the gill. Furthermore, glucose and key metabolites in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) were increased, indicating remodeling of energy metabolism occurred. These results demonstrate the involvement of IGFBP and IIS-TOR signaling cascade in acute low-salinity response and provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of osmoregulation in euryhaline crustacean species.

Molecular genetic tools have had a profound impact on neuroscience, but until recently their application has largely been confined to a few model species, most notably mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new genome engineering technologies such as CRISPR, it is becoming increasingly feasible to apply these molecular tools in a wider range of species, including nonhuman primates. This will lead to many opportunities for brain research, but it will also pose challenges. Here we identify some of these opportunities and challenges in light of recent and foreseeable technological advances and offer some suggestions. Our main focus is on the creation of new primate disease models for understanding the pathological mechanisms of brain disorders and for developing new approaches to effective treatment. However, we also emphasize that primate genetic models have great potential to address many fundamental questions about brain function, providing an essential foundation for future progress in disease research.

Fluorine-rich nanoporous carbons with tunable porosity and F content have been successfully synthesized from a silane precursor using a solution-based F doping method. The F-rich carbon surface with higher polarity provides stronger affinity and wettability for the organic electrolyte, which is for the first time demonstrated though Gauss computational calculation between F-carbon surface and organic electrolytes. The optimized F-rich nanoporous carbon manifests a high specific capacitance of 168Fg−1in a symmetric cell with excellent retention at high rates and upon prolonged 10,000 cycles.

The communication describes a general Paternò‐Büchi reaction under mild conditions, which is featured with visible light‐mediation, catalyst‐free and a broad range of substrates comparing with other strategies. Having overcome the synthetic limitations the PB reaction faces, this practical protocol can be employed to prepare a variety of multisubstituted oxetanes that often appear serving as important scaffolds in natural products and drugs. The common white light, the sole driving force in this case, can directly excite the carbonyl compounds to reach its triplet state, which then attacks an alkenes to generate a diradical intermediate, resulting in the oxetanes in high diastereoselectivity. A general Paternò‐Büchireaction was developed by visible light catalysis without any photocatalysts. This mild paradigm enables the construction of a variety of multisubstituted oxetanes efficiently with a broad substrate scope under environmentally benign conditions.

A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacing dietary fishmeal on growth performance, feed utilization and protein metabolism of large yellow croaker (initial body weight: 191.60 ± 1.36 g). Seven iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 100% of dietary fishmeal with CPC. The experimental diets were named as CPC0, CPC15, CPC30, CPC45, CPC60, CPC75 and CPC100, respectively. Results showed that when CPC replacement level was less than 60%, there were no significant differences in survival, weight gain rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and condition factor of large yellow croaker compared with those in the CPC0 group (P > 0.05). The dorsal muscle proximate compositions and amino acid profiles were not significantly affected by dietary CPC replacement levels (P > 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, digestive and absorptive enzymes activities in the intestine and liver in the CPC75 and CPC100 groups decreased significantly (P <0.05). The perimeter ratio, muscularis thickness and villus height in the intestine decreased linearly with increasing replacement levels of dietary fishmeal by CPC (P <0.05). Compared with those in the CPC0 group, the mRNA levels of mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E in the muscle were down-regulated with increasing dietary CPC levels, and while the expressions of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein, general amino acid control nonderepressible 2 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α were up-regulated. Take the growth performance, feed utilization and protein metabolism into account, 60% of dietary fishmeal could be replaced by CPC in large yellow croaker.

An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to explore the effects of fish meal replacement with low-gossypol cottonseed meal, a potential alternative protein source, in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximusL.). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, with different substitutional levels (0%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%, respectively), were formulated. The growth performance, feed utilization and haematological responses were determined. Compared with the fishmeal group, fish growth was not affected when the replacement level was no more than 35%. The feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in LC45 group were significantly lower. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein, as well as the ADCs of lysine and proline, were inhibited when the replacement level reached 25%. Furthermore, the glucose and cholesterol levels in plasma in LC45 group were significantly lower than that in FM group. Significantly lower content of malondialdehyde was observed in LC25 group while the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in LC45 were significantly induced. The height of intestinal villi in LC45 was significantly lower than in other groups. Overall, the results indicate that low-gossypol cottonseed meal could be used as an alternative plant protein source in turbot and it could replace 35% fishmeal in the diet.

•Growth of Litopenaeus vannameiwas increased by dietary Shewanellasp. MR-7.•Dietary SS-MR-7 promoted the immunity and antioxidant capacity of shrimp.•Dietary SS-MR-7 improved the resistance to ammonia stress of shrimp.•Dietary SS-MR-7 modulated the intestinal microbiota of shrimp.

The photodegradation of meclofenamic acid (MCFA) was investigated using UV irradiation process. Parameters affecting the photodegradation process such as dissolved oxygen, reaction temperature, solution pH, initial MCFA concentration, humic acid, cations and anions were carried out. The intermediate products were identified by HPLC-MS analysis, and a tentative photodegradation pathway of MCFA was proposed. Results show that the photodegradation of MCFA can be modeled by the first-order kinetics. The photodegradation efficiency increases with the decreased concentration of humic acid or the decreased initial MCFA concentration, while the reaction temperature and the inorganic ions have no significant effect on the MCFA removal. It has found that the optimal initial solution pH for MCFA degradation is about 7.0. Finally, the HPLC-MS results reveal that the Cl atom in the MCFA molecule would form Cl–, followed by dechlorination, hydroxylation and cyclization of pentacyclic compounds.