Search

Accurately identifying sites of metabolism (SoM) mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are responsible for drug metabolism in the body, is critical in the early stage of drug discovery and development. Current computational methods for CYP-mediated SoM prediction face several challenges, including limitations to traditional machine learning models at the atomic level, heavy reliance on complex feature engineering, and the lack of interpretability relevant to medicinal chemistry. Here, we propose GraphCySoM, a novel molecule-level modeling approach based on graph neural networks, utilizing lightweight features and interpretable annotations on substructures, to effectively and interpretably predict CYP-mediated SoM. Unlike computationally expensive atomic descriptors derived from resource-intensive chemistry or even quantum chemistry calculations, we emphasize that graph-based molecular modeling initialized solely with lightweight features enables the adaptive learning of molecular topology through message-passing mechanisms combined with various aggregation kernels. Extensive ablation experiments demonstrate that GraphCySoM significantly outperforms baseline models and achieves superior performance compared with competing methods while exhibiting advantages in computational efficiency. Moreover, the attention mechanism and subgraph information bottlenecks are incorporated to analyze node importance and feature significance, resulting in mining substructures associated with the SoM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of CYP-mediated SoM using molecule-level modeling and interpretable technology. Our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance and provides potential insights into the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms underlying drug metabolism catalyzed by CYP enzymes. All source files and trained models are freely available at https://github.com/liyigerry/GraphCySoM.

The impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is the pathological basis of hemorrhage transformation and vasogenic edema following thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. There is no approved drug in the clinic to reduce BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Glial growth factor 2 (GGF2), a recombinant version of neuregulin-1β that can stimulates glial cell proliferation and differentiation, has been shown to alleviate free radical release from activated microglial cells. We previously found that activated microglia and proinflammatory factors could disrupt BBB after AIS. In this study we investigated the effects of GGF2 on AIS-induced BBB damage as well as the underlying mechanisms. Mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established: mice received a 90-min ischemia and 22.5 h reperfusion (I/R), and were treated with GGF2 (2.5, 12.5, 50 ng/kg, i.v.) before the reperfusion. We showed that GGF2 treatment dose-dependently decreased I/R-induced BBB damage detected by Evans blue (EB) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) leakage, and tight junction protein occludin degradation. In addition, we found that GGF2 dose-dependently reversed AIS-induced upregulation of vesicular transcytosis increase, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as well as downregulation of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a). Moreover, GGF2 decreased I/R-induced upregulation of PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 (Pdlim5), an adaptor protein that played an important role in BBB damage after AIS. In addition, GGF2 significantly alleviated I/R-induced reduction of YAP and TAZ, microglial cell activation and upregulation of inflammatory factors. Together, these results demonstrate that GGF2 treatment alleviates the I/R-compromised integrity of BBB by inhibiting Mfsd2a/Cav-1-mediated transcellular permeability and Pdlim5/YAP/TAZ-mediated paracellular permeability.

Hypoxia can lead to liver fibrosis and severely limits the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, carbon nitride (CN)-based hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) VPSGCNs@TSI for light-driven water splitting were utilized to solve this problem. CNs were doped with selenide glucose (Se-glu) to enhance their red/NIR region absorption. Then, vitamin A-poly(ethylene glycol) (VA-PEG) fragments and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers TSI were introduced into Se-glu-doped CN NPs (VPSGCNs) to construct VPSGCNs@TSI NPs. The introduction of VA-PEG fragments enhanced the targeting of the NPs to activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and reduced their toxicity to ordinary liver cells. VPSGCN units could trigger water splitting to generate O2under 660 nm laser irradiation, improve the hypoxic environment of the fibrosis site, downregulate HIF-1α expression, and activate HSC ferroptosis via the HIF-1α/SLC7A11 pathway. In addition, generated O2could also increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of TSI units in a hypoxic environment, thereby completely reversing hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance to enhance the PDT effect. The combination of water-splitting materials and photodynamic materials showed a 1 + 1 > 2 effect in increasing oxygen levels in liver fibrosis, promoting ferroptosis of activated HSCs and reversing PDT resistance caused by hypoxia.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a second-generation autologous platelet-rich plasma. This study aims to investigate the clinical effects of L-PRF in patients with diabetes in real clinical practice. Methods: Patients with DFU who received L-PRF treatment and standard of care (SOC) from 2018 to 2019 in Tongji Hospital were enrolled. The clinical information including patient characteristics, wound evaluation (area, severity, infection, blood supply), SOC of DFU, and images of ulcers was retrospectively extracted and analyzed. L-PRF treatment was performed every 7±2 days until the ulcer exhibited complete epithelialization or an overall percent volume reduction (PVR) greater than 80%. Therapeutic effectiveness, including overall PVR and the overall and weekly healing rates, was evaluated. Results: Totally, 26 patients with DFU were enrolled, and they had an ulcer duration of 47.0 (35.0, 72.3) days. The severity and infection of ulcers varied, as indicated by the Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial Infection, and Depth (SINBAD) scores of 2–6, Wagner grades of 1–4, and the Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation (PEDIS) scores of 2–4. The initial ulcer volume before L-PRF treatment was 4.94 (1.50, 13.83) cm3, and the final ulcer volume was 0.35 (0.03, 1.76) cm3. The median number of L-PRF doses was 3 (2, 5). A total of 11 patients achieved complete epithelialization after the fifth week of treatment, and 19 patients achieved at least an 80% volume reduction after the seventh week. The overall wound-healing rate was 1.47 (0.63, 3.29) cm3/week, and the healing rate was faster in the first 2 weeks than in the remaining weeks. Concurrent treatment did not change the percentage of complete epithelialization or healing rate. Conclusion: Adding L-PRF to SOC significantly improved wound healing in patients with DFU independent of the ankle brachial index, SINBAD score, or Wagner grade, indicating that this method is appropriate for DFU treatment under different clinical conditions.

Objective: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disorder involving the orbital tissue. This study aimed to understand the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in TAO during 12-week systemic glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Methods: Thirty-two moderate-severe TAO patients with a clinical activity score (CAS) ≥3/7 or with prolonged T2 relaxation time (T2RT) on at least one side of extraocular muscle (EOM) were enrolled. The percentage of the peripheral CD4+CD25(high)CD127(−/low) Tregs was analyzed using flow cytometry before and after the GC treatment. The activity and severity of TAO, T2RT, and the clinical outcomes after the GC treatment were assessed. Their correlation with the peripheral Tregs was investigated. Results: There was no significant association between the baseline Treg fraction and the activity and severity of TAO or the treatment response. A significant reduction of Tregs was observed after the GC therapy merely in patients without any clinical improvement. Conclusion: Treg reduction after systemic GC therapy is indicative of a poor therapeutic response. Accordingly, dynamic alterations of Tregs could help to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC treatment.

ABSTRACTImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial in cancer treatment, and the associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have garnered significant attention, yet reports on associated immune related gastritis are limited. The diagnosis of immune related gastritis remains predominantly exclusionary, meanwhile its management diverges significantly from that of conventional gastritis. Current guidelines lack standardized grading criteria, and substantial data from large-scale, tertiary clinical studies are absent, therefore we conducted a systematic review of Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases, identifying 31 articles from 2017 to December 31, 2023, involving 258 patients. Clinical manifestations included epigastric pain (53.1%), mucosal erythema (56.1%), and lymphocyte infiltration (48.6%). Corticosteroid therapy was common (94.7%), with 86.7% experiencing post-treatment improvement. 80% of patients can be diagnosed through endoscopy and pathology, while the remaining 20% may require PET-CT. Hormonal therapy is favored but diverges from standard management. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in managing immune related gastritis effectively.

Hypoxia can aggravate tumor occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis, and greatly inhibit the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. Herein, carbon nitride (CNs)‐based DNA and photosensitizer co‐delivery systems (BPSCNs) with oxygen‐producing functions are developed to address this problem. Selenide glucose (Seglu) is used as the dopant to prepare red/NIR‐active CNs (SegluCNs). The tumor‐targeting unit Bio‐PEG2000is utilized to construct BPSCNs nanoparticles through esterification reactions. Furthermore, DNA hydrophobization is realized via mixing P53 gene with a positively charged mitochondrial‐targeted near‐infrared (NIR) emitting photosensitizer (MTTPY), which is encapsulated in non‐cationic BPSCNs for synergistic delivery. Ester bonds in BPSCNs@MTTPY‐P53 complexes can be disrupted by lipase in the liver to facilitate P53 release, upregulated P53 expression, and promoted HIF‐1α degradation in mitochondria. In addition, the oxygen produced by the complexes improved the hypoxic microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), synergistically downregulated HIF‐1α expression in mitochondria, promoted mitochondrial‐derived ferroptosis and enhanced the PDT effect of the MTTPY unit. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that the transfected P53‐DNA, produced O2and ROS by these complexes synergistically led to mitochondrial‐derived ferroptosis in hepatoma cells through the HIF‐1α/SLC7A11 pathway, and completely avoiding PDT resistance caused by hypoxia, exerting a significant therapeutic role in HCC treatment. BPSCNs@MTTPY‐P53 complexes can be disrupted by lipase in the liver to facilitate P53 release, upregulated P53 expression, and promoted HIF‐1c degradation in mitochondria. After laser irradiation, the oxygen produced by the complexes improved the hypoxic microenvironment of HCC, synergistically downregulated HIF‐1α expression in mitochondria, promoted mitochondrial‐derived ferroptosis, and enhanced the PDT effect of tumors.

Mixed bacteria were enriched from heavy metals mine soil for cadmium (Cd(II))-containing wastewater treatment. Batch adsorption experiment results showed that the optimal pH, temperature, initial Cd(II) concentration, and biomass dosage were 6.0, 30 °C, 20 mg/L, and 1 g/L, respectively. Living biomass exhibited better Cd(II) removal efficiency (91.97%) than autoclaved biomass (79.54%) under optimal conditions. The isotherms and kinetics of living biomass conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively. FTIR results implied that amine groups, hydroxyl groups and phosphoric acid play an important role in the Cd(II) adsorption process, while XRD results showed that crystalline Cd(OH)2and CdO were obtained. After Cd(II)-containing wastewater treatment exposure, the dominant bacteria genera included Comamonas(39.94%), unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae(34.96%), Ochrobactrum(14.07%), Alcaligenes(4.84%), Bordetella(2.07%), Serratia(1.04%), and Bacillus(1.01%). Function prediction showed that the abundance of metabolic genes changed significantly. This study proposes the potential application of mixed bacteria for Cd(II)-containing wastewater treatment.

The emissions trading scheme (ETS) is considered an effective policy tool for achieving emission reductions. At present, China's ETS pilots have completed several compliance periods and provided rich experience for a national ETS. Taking advantage of the variations in the regional ETS pilots across regions and sectors and over time, this study used a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) model to examine the effects of ETS pilots and differential program design on industry risk and the impacts of risk on future investment horizon. First, we found that the ETS pilots significantly increase profit variability (total risk) in China's industry; that is, ETS induces greater uncertainty in the covered sectors. In terms of industry heterogeneity, non-electricity sectors (specifically ferrous metal) engage in higher levels of risk taking. Second, the influence of such program features as the allowance allocation (total amounts and approaches), China Certification Emission Reduction (CCER) trading volumes, and penalties are heterogeneous. Finally, during the period around the treatment, industry risk can significantly encourage longer rather than shorter investment. In particular, the punishment mechanism and benchmarking allocation play a positive role in regulating the risk–investment relationship.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.07.019 Byline: Hao Zhang (a), Peng Song (a), Yue Tang (b), Xiao-ling Zhang (a), Shi-hua Zhao (c), Ying-jie Wei (a), Sheng-shou Hu (a) Abbreviations: BM, bone marrow; IMI, intramyocardial injection; MI, myocardial infarction; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SRY, Y-chromosome gene Abstract: This study aimed to test the distribution of intramyocardially injected cells in variations in heart status in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. Author Affiliation: (a) Research Center for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, the Ministry of Health and Department of Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (b) Animal Research Center, Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (c) Unit of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China. Article History: Received 19 April 2007; Revised 25 June 2007; Accepted 19 July 2007 Article Note: (footnote) Supported by the National Eleven-Five Year Project (S.H), National Scientific Foundation of China (30500498) and Beijing Nova Project (2006A85) (H.Z).

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) consisting of misfolded α-synuclein protein. The etiology of PD is still not clear but systemic inflammation is proved to trigger and exacerbate DA neurons degeneration. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) and plays a major role in promoting the host immune. TLR4-mediated signal pathways induce the release of many inflammatory cytokines. It is reasonable to hypothesize that TLR4 is the mediator in microglia contributing to the damage of DA neurons in the SNpc. In this study, we evaluated the role of TLR4 in the chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid mouse model. Both TLR4-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by injection of MPTP (25 mg/kg, s.c.) every 4 days for 10 times. From D43 to D47, the behavioral performance in pole test and wire hang test was assessed. Then the mice were euthanized, and SN and striatum were dissected out for biochemical tests. We showed that compared with MPTP-treated WT mice, TLR4 deficiency significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits and TH-protein expression reduction in SNpc and striatum, suppressed MPTP-induced α-synuclein abnormality and neuroinflammation mediated through oxidative stress, glial activation, NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. These findings highlight the neuroprotective effect of TLR4-pathways in the chronic MPTP-induced PD mouse model.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Hypoxia is an important feature, which can upregulate the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) expression and promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to liver fibrosis. Currently, effective treatment for liver fibrosis is extremely lacking. Herein, a safe and effective method is established to downregulate the expression of HIF‐1α in HSCs via targeted delivery of VA‐PEG‐modified CNs‐based nanosheets‐encapsulated (VA‐PEG‐CN@GQDs) HIF‐1α small interfering RNA (HIF‐1α‐siRNA). Due to the presence of lipase in the liver, the reversible release of siRNA can be promoted to complete the transfection process. Simultaneously, VA‐PEG‐CN@GQD nanosheets enable trigger the water splitting process to produce O2under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, thereby improving the hypoxic environment of the liver fibrosis site and maximizing the downregulation of HIF‐1α expression to improve the therapeutic effect, as demonstrated in liver fibrosis mice. Such combination therapy can inhibit the activation of HSCs via HIF‐1α‐mediated TGF‐β1/Smad pathway, achieving outstanding therapeutic effects in liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis by regulating the hypoxic environment and the expression of HIF‐1α at lesion site. VA‐PEG‐CN@GQDs‐siRNA can produce O2under NIR irradiation and deliver Hif‐1α‐siRNA, which will inhibits the HSC activation through the Hif‐1α‐mediated TGF‐β1/Simad pathway, achieving significant therapeutic effects in liver fibrosis mice.

Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found expressed differentially in osteosarcoma (OS), so they may function in the onset and progression of OS. In this study, we found that miR-144 significantly suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanically, we demonstrated that Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and its pivotal downstream effector Rho-associated, coiled-coil–containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were direct targets of miR-144. Moreover, the negative correlation between down-regulated miR-144 and up-regulated ROCK1/RhoA was verified in both OS cell lines and clinical patients’ specimens. Functionally, RhoA with or without ROCK1 co-overexpression resulted a rescue phenotype on miR-144 inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion abilities whereas individual overexpression of ROCK1 had no statistical significance compared with controls in miR-144–transfected SAOS2 and U2-OS cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-144 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in OS via dual-suppressing of RhoA and ROCK1, which could be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of OS.

To perform a systemic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of PET (CT) and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) for diagnosing neuroblastoma (NB), electronic databases were searched as well as relevant references and conference proceedings. The diagnostic accuracy of MIBG and PET (CT) was calculated for NB, primary NB, and relapse/metastasis of NB based on their sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUSROC) in terms of per-lesion and per-patient data. A total of 40 eligible studies comprising 1134 patients with 939 NB lesions were considered for the meta-analysis. For the staging of NB, the per-lesion AUSROC value of MIBG was lower than that of PET (CT) [0.8064±0.0414 vs. 0.9366±0.0166 (P<0.05)]. The per-patient AUSROC value of MIBG and PET (CT) for the diagnosis of NB was 0.8771±0.0230 and 0.6851±0.2111, respectively. The summary sensitivity for MIBG and PET (CT) was 0.79 and 0.89, respectively. The summary specificity for MIBG and PET (CT) was 0.84 and 0.71, respectively. PET (CT) showed higher per-lesion accuracy than MIBG and might be the preferred modality for the staging of NB. On the other hand, MIBG has a comparable diagnosing performance with PET (CT) in per-patient analysis but shows a better specificity.

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with flocculated sludge and fed with synthetic wastewater was used to cultivate phosphorus-removal granules. The effects of low organic loading rates (OLR) on the granulation and the phosphorus removal performance were investigated in the SBR. The experimental results indicated that the OLR required to cultivate phosphorus-accumulating microbial granules was much lower than that required for full aerobic granules. In this study, the granulation of sludge was divided into three phases based on OLRs, which each presenting a different sludge morphology. The first phase consisted mainly of activated sludge floc with a small amount of round granules (OLR = 0.5 to 1.0 kg COD/(m3.d)). In the beginning of the second phase, the granulation accelerated, after which the granule morphology became irregular (OLR = 2.2 kg COD/(m3.d)). In the third phase, the mature granules were cultivated successfully (OLR = 1.0 kg COD/(m3.d)). The changes in the OLR did not affect the COD removal but did strongly affect the phosphorus removal. The phosphorus removal efficiency decreased to 73% when the OLR was increased to 2.2 kg COD/(m3.d) and didn’t recover even the OLR was decreased to 1.0 kg COD/(m3.d) again.

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was operated at different salinities with focus on reactor performance and nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The SBBR contained suspended-growth sludge and biofilm attached to synthetic fibrous carriers. When salinity increased from 1.4 to 4.2g NaCl/L, it increased the NH4+-N and total nitrogen removal efficiencies, the nitrification rate (NR), and denitrification rate (DNR). A slight drop in nitrogen removal, NR, and DNR was observed, when the salinity was increased from 4.2 to 9.8g NaCl/L. Efficient SND occurred in the reactor and the SND efficiency was above 90.7%. Nitrification was the main contribution of the suspended sludge, while the major role of biofilm was denitrification in the SBBR at the salinity of 9.8g NaCl/L.

ABSTRACTA 74-yr-old man underwent thoracic laparoscopy combined with radical gastrectomy, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was esophageal and gastric cardia cancer pT3N1M0, pStage IIB. Immunohistochemical staining for HER2 (3+) and PD-L1 (<5%) was positive. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed because the patient developed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts <30 × 109/L), which was never cured throughout the reporting period. At 10.7 months post-surgery, he suffered metastases in multiple organs, including the peritoneum, liver, lung, and bone. Following two cycles of first-line trastuzumab and pembrolizumab (200 mg), he developed immune-related myositis (G2), myocarditis (G2), and hepatitis (G1). Therefore, pembrolizumab was discontinued. Trastuzumab was administered as a monotherapy; meanwhile, adoptive cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell infusions were initiated. Eight months after the initial immunotherapy, a solitary brain metastasis was detected, and the patient underwent CyberKnife radiosurgery. For second-line therapy, adoptive CIK cell immunotherapy plus trastuzumab was still used. At the time of reporting, the patient had achieved a complete response (CR) in the brain and liver and a partial response (PR) in the ilium, and he had been followed-up for 36.6 months, much longer than the median survival time for patients with advanced GEJ cancer. We suggest that HER2-targeted therapy and immunotherapy with pembrolizumab or CIK adoptive cell infusions prolonged the overall survival of an elderly patient with HER2-positive GEJ cancer with multiple metastases.

To improve interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging accuracy in the case of complex motion, a time-domain imaging method is exploited in this paper, and a novel algorithm based on echo projecting to the same space is proposed for InSAR imaging and interferogram extraction. The relationship between the backward projection Doppler phase compensation function and the interferogram is also analyzed. In this theme, the echoes of the different antennas are projected into the same imaging space, and then InSAR images are obtained by using the coherent echoes integration with a modified Doppler phase compensation function. The simulated and the experimental airborne InSAR results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the quality of InSAR imaging and interferogram compared with the conventional frequency-domain method. In addition, our algorithm can achieve both image registration and earth-flat effect removed during one procedure, which greatly simplifies the procedure of InSAR post-processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to conventional gas-bearing rocks, gas shale has extremely low permeability due to its nano-scale pore networks. Organic matter which is dispersed in the shale matrix makes gas flow characteristics more complex. The traditional Darcy’s law is unable to estimate matrix permeability due to the particular flow mechanisms of shale gas. Transport mechanisms and influence factors are studied to describe gas transport in extremely tight shale. Then Lattice Boltzmann simulation is used to establish a way to estimate the matrix permeability numerically. The results show that net desorption, diffusion, and slip flow are very sensitive to the pore scale. Pore pressure also plays an important role in mass fluxes of gas. Temperature variations only cause small changes in mass fluxes. The Lattice Boltzmann method can be used to study the flow field in the micropore spaces and then provides numerical solutions even in complex pore structure models. Understanding the transport characteristics and establishing a way to estimate potential gas flow is very important to guide shale gas reserve estimation and recovery schemes.

Due to the fact that the range history of bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) doesn’t follow the hyperbolic function, the accurate analytical spectrum of bistatic SAR cannot be obtained directly by the principle of stationary phase (POSP). In this paper, we approximate the range history of bistatic SAR by the hyperbolic function, and propose a novel two-dimensional (2-D) analytical spectrum model for bistatic SAR. The huge advantage of this novel 2-D analytical spectrum is that the equivalent radial velocity of any scatter point in the observed scene, with respect to the radar platform, is not only the same but also invariant with the equivalent range. Further, based on this novel spectrum model, the wavenumber domain algorithm (WDA) could be applied to image the whole observed scene. Finally, the simulation and realistic data imaging results also validate that this novel spectrum model is correct and effective.

The major yellow carotenoid, crocin, from the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was isolated and charactered by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC-MS. Direct scavenging of oxidant anion were evaluated by UV-Vis-NIR method. The percent inhibition of superoxide signal was related to the crocin concentration.

The hytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. This study is intended to explore the physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) in the signaling pathways as well as defense responses in Sedum Alfredii Hance, a new zinc (Zn) promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to Cd contaminations.

Carotenoids demonstrated multiple antioxidant activities, including the ability to scavenge single oxygen and reactive oxygen radicals. Superoxide anion/radials, produced by exogenous chemical or physical stimuli and endogenous metabolic processes, can be another source of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. The main components of carotenoids, lycopene, from Blakeslea trispora were separated by HPLC. In the current study, we reported the direct scavenging of superoxide anion by the carotenoids from Blakeslea trispora evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, employing the spin-trap DMPO.

Global path planning is quoted in this paper. The stoical and global environment has been given to us, which is abstracted with grid method before we build the workspace model of the robot. With the adoption of the ant colony algorithm, the robot tries to find a path which is optimal or optimal-approximate path from the starting point to the destination. The robot with the built-in infrared sensors navigates autonomously to avoid collision the optimal path which has been built, and moves to the object. Based on the MATLAB platform, the simulation results indicate that the algorithm is rapid, simple, efficient and high-performance. Majority of traditional algorithms of the path planning have disadvantages, for instance, the method of artificial potential field is falling into the problem of local minimum value easily. ACO avoids these drawbacks, therefore the convergence period can be extended, and optimal path can be planned rapidly.

Background: The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hemodialysis (HD) is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of GERD in HD patients and to identify the risk factors and effects of GERD in this patient population. Methods: This retrospective study involved 432 HD patients who completed a questionnaire including a GERD symptom assessment scale (QUEST). Clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and/or reviewing their medical records. Results: GERD was diagnosed in 141 (32.64%) of the 432 HD patients by using a structured questionnaire scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low urine volume (odds ratio [OR]: 1.619, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.046–2.505; P = 0.031), high serum creatinine level (OR: 1.694, 95% CI: 1.011–2.839; P = 0.045), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) administration (OR: 1.767, 95% CI: 1.13–2.746; P = 0.011) and the intradialytic complications of excessive hunger (OR: 1.652, 95% CI: 1.067–2.559; P = 0.024), heartburn (OR: 6.235, 95% CI: 2.606–14.920; P = 0.000) and tinnitus (OR: 1.606, 95% CI: 1.029–2.507; P = 0.037) were independent predictors of GERD, as detected using QUEST. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that sodium bicarbonate consumption was positively correlated with serum total carbon dioxide level (r = 0.127, P = 0.008), interdialytic weight gain (IDWG; r = 0.189, P = 0.000) and IDWG% (IDWG/estimated dry weight; r = 0.166, P = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD is higher in patients undergoing HD in our center than in the general population. The risk factors for GERD in hemodialysis patients were low urine volume (<0.1 l/d), high serum creatinine level (>9 mg/dl), ARB/ACEI administration and intradialytic hunger, heartburn and tinnitus. HD patients with GERD may take excessive sodium bicarbonate, which increases IDWG%. Awareness of GERD and administration of PPIs were low in HD patients. Routine PPI treatment would provide clinical benefits by reducing GERD symptoms, sodium bicarbonate consumption and IDWG%.

Nitric oxide is a free-radical diatomic molecule and an important biologic messenger molecule involved in the regulation of diverse physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, the central and peripheral nervous systems and the immune system. The discovery of NO with these important physiological functions has led to the development of various analytical methods for its detection and quantification. The involvement of nitric oxide in a plethora of vital biological functions makes its detection and quantification of great interest. Among various methods of measurement of the production of nitric oxide in cellular systems, those based on the use of fluorogenic probes have been gaining popularity due to their simplicity and sensitivity. BODIPY has advantages of high extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum efficiency and stability to light. Moreover, its emission wavelength can be adjusted by modifying chemical groups. Our lab has been exploring functionalized DABs for labeling and detection of NO several years before. This study was aimed at an evaluation of the specificity of reaction of DAMBO-PH with NO, in particular at an assessment of its reactivity with nitric oxide and its bioscreening application to biological systems.

Heavy metals contamination is a major environmental issue, and phytoremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cleanup techniques for heavy metal contaminated sites. this paper is intended to explore the influence of different nitrogen nutrient levels on hyperaccumulation of sedum alfredii, a promising hyperaccumulating plant species for the phytoremediation exposured to complex contaminations. The obtained results indicated that the proper increasing of nutriogen nutrient levels enhanced the accumulation capacity of complex heavy metals in sedum alfredii hance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography for the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with aortic valvular disease (AVD).

Vehicle suspension is a MIMO coupling nonlinear system; its vibration couples that of the tires. For the suspension without decoupling, the vibration attenuation is difficult to be controlled precisely. In order to attenuate the vibration of the vehicle effectively, a nonlinear half vehicle model with active suspension is established and a differential geometry approach is used to decouple the nonlinear suspension system. The decoupled system becomes independent linear subsystems, though pole assignment, the vibration attenuation of the sprung mass is achieved. The simulations show that the vertical and the pitching motion of the sprung mass are attenuated greatly, which indicates that the control algorithm is effective.

Non-probabilistic reliability sensitivity analysis for structural systems plays an important role in determining key design variables that affect structural reliability strongly. Traditional non-probabilistic model assumes that all interval variables are mutually independent. However, this assumption may not be true in practical engineering. In this article, the dependency of interval variables is introduced into the non-probabilistic model by using both inequality and equality constraints. The non-probabilistic index model and optimization method for structural systems with interval variables, whose state of dependence is determined by constraints, are proposed on the basis of the existing non-probabilistic index theory. The linear optimization model is alternative when nonlinear optimization model cannot find any solution. Non-probabilistic reliability sensitivity analysis model and optimization method for structural systems, with the interval variables whose state of dependence is determined by constraints, are established based upon the finite difference theory. The proposed method is demonstrated via several examples.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical intra-and extra-cellular signaling molecule that mediates a broad variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic events, and has prompted rapid growth of investigations in investigating its physiology and generation mechanism of corresponding diseases. In this paper, a picomol assay of NO screening method using fluorescent derivatization combined with high-throughout microplate format has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of NO in biological samples. The satisfied detection limit and recovery of the proposed method demonstrates that it can be competent for the sensitive determination of NO in extremely small volume of biological sample.

This paper is concerned with the modeling of both endpoint temperature and carbon content for BOF steelmaking. First, a linear regression predictive model is constructed based on the linear regression analysis method. Next, the response surface analysis method is used to construct a nonlinear predictive model. The significant contribution of this paper is that response surface analysis is proposed for constructing the predictive model of BOF steelmaking. Finally, experiment simulation results show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods.

based on geothermal anomalies and geothermal wells of Shilin basin, the structure of geothermal reservoirs, geothermal geological characteristics and hydrochemistry of thermal groundwater are examined. Geothermal reservoir of the geothermal field is Proterozoic Sinian dolomite and dolomitic limestone. Characteristic of geothermal water runoff and geothermal field are controlled by Jiuxiang fracture and Niutoushan ancient mainland. The drillings data shows that the temperature gradient is 1.5-4.8°C/100m. Deep circulation is the main origin of geothermal water. The chemical type of geothermal water is HCO3-Ca, and high silicic acid content. The geothermal water supply is limited from the hydrogeological conditions; we should control the development and utilization.

As the Qujing citys industrial development, how to use and protect groundwater is the primary problem of urban development because of the non-uniformity distribution of groundwater. This paper establishes a two-story DRASTIC fuzzy evaluation model using analytical hierarchy process, by Qujing basin groundwater survey and data analysis. The model was applied to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of Qujing basin and the east and west sides of the mountain with the consideration of depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer material, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity of aquifer with the help of monitoring data. The research results show that the Qujing basin is of high vulnerability, we should pay attention to the protection of groundwater environment in the use of groundwater. At the same time show that the model is more sensitivity for evaluating and much simple for calculating. This method is better to reflect the groundwater vulnerability spatial continuity, and further enriched the groundwater vulnerability methods.

Application effect of magnetic gradients data continuation from undulate surface to plane has been analyzed by model test. The gradient data of before and after the processing was used for the analytic signal and the Euler deconvolution method calculation respectively, comparing the calculated results show that the maxima of analytic signal calculated by gradients anomaly on undulate surface deviate obviously from the center location of the prism magnetic source, and the position of prism boundaries are not clear. However, the analytic signal calculated by gradients anomaly after continuation from undulate surface to plane can be successfully used to estimate the center and boundaries position of prism. The solutions of Euler deconvolution method calculated by gradients anomaly on undulate surface are dispersive, the solutions calculated by gradients anomaly after continuation from undulate surface to plane are relatively clustering, and can outline clearly the positions of prism corners. The results demonstrate that continuation from undulate surface to plane processing of gradients anomaly can improve the application effect of analytic signal and Euler deconvolution technique.

With the rapid increasing happening frequency of red tide in China, the urgent pollution issue of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in aquatic products is becoming more serious and attacking greater attention. Thus, the routine monitoring of PSP toxins in aquatic products need to be vigorously enforced. In this study, the LC-MS-MS method for eight PSP toxins was developed and applied for the quantitative analysis in sea foods from different areas of China. The result showed the proposed method can completely meet the need for their routine monitoring purpose.

The pelagic fishery locates the wide international public sea regions and contains huge resource and technical benefits. The increasingly greater potential for exploitation of new marine microbes resource in these special sea areas has become conspicuous. Carotenoids are one of the most widely distributed and structurally diverse classes of natural pigments in plants, microorganisms and animals, performing important biological functions. The marine contains abundant biological resources and has great potential to be explored for the carotenoid resource. In this paper we reported the isolation and polyphasic investigation of the new carotenoids-producing marine bacteria from Trachurus murphyi Chile Fishery. The result has showed that marine bacterial isolated from Trachurus murphyi Chile fishery demonstrated good potential for the further exploration for bioactive carotenoids.

According to the traditional UMDH network modeling with the least square method to recognize parameters ,it's easy to fall into local minimum ,and with the result that the prediction effect is not ideal. This paper puts forward to combine the simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm, and introduces the combined algorithm to the UMDH network which is used to identify some of its description type coefficient. In this paper ,it describes the simulated annealing genetic algorithm ,and constructs the UMDH network model based on this algorithm, and the model is applied to the simulation of debris flow prediction research ,forecast average relative error reached 3. 54%. The results show that the algorithm not only ensuring the global optimization but also preventing premature convergence, improve the UMDH network model of global and local searching optimal ability further.

It’s a great challenge in identifying gas bearing formation from conventional logs in tight gas sandstones due to the low resistivity contrast caused by high irreducible water saturation. Based on the difference of the principles of three kinds of porosity logs (density, neutron and acoustic logs), three porosities difference method, three porosities ratio method, correlation of neutron and density logs and the overlap method of water-filled porosity and total porosity are introduced to identify tight gas bearing reservoirs. In gas bearing formations, the difference of three porosities is higher than 0.0, the ratio of three porosities is higher than 1.0, the correlation between density and neutron logs is negative, and the water filled porosities are lower than total porosities. On the contrary, in water saturated formations, the difference of three porosities is lower than 0.0, the ratio of three porosities is lower than 1.0, the correlation between density and neutron logs is positive, and the water filled porosities are overlapped with total porosities. Considering the complexity of in-suit formation, when the proposed identification criterion are mainly meet, the pore fluid should be determined, field examples show that the proposed techniques are applicable in tight gas formation identification.

Based on the detailed core data and logging data from Toutai oil field and applying correlative technique of fluvial facies reservoir, through guiding wells selection, key beds determination, progressive oil layer subdivision of all wells, fine stratigraphic classification and correlation are carried out. The Fuyu oil layer in Toutai oil field is divided into 3 sand groups, 18 sublayers and 37 sedimentary units, consequently, monosandbody-scale isochronal stratigraphic framework is established, which can provide geologic basic data for further study on sedimentary microfacies, sand body distribution, oil and water distribution and favorable target prediction.

In this study, the feasibility of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the determination of bioactive crocin analogues in the traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis prior to HPLC analysis was studied. Various experimental factors influencing SPE efficiency and HPLC conditions were studied. By using SWCNTs as the SPE adsorbent, the detection limit of 1.19-2.21 fmol (at S/N of 3) were achieved with the preconcentration efficiency of more than 120-folds, indicating this proposed method was very practical for increasing the sensitivity prior to HPLC analysis, and it may provides useful clue for the efficient extraction for the bioactive compounds in TCMs.

Water resources in Qujing urban areas mainly come from the meteoric water．Its natural recharge capacity is limited and the surface drainages have been severely polluted．In general, the amount of the water resources can satisfy the needs of the social development, but its water quality becomes worse and the vulnerability of water supply-security is high．Considering the factors of groundwater recharge capacity, protective layer, water quality, groundwater vulnerability, environmental engineering geologic problems and others, it is concluded that karst groundwater in the eastern margin of Qujing basin is a good water source for emergency. The water-rich blocks such as Jiancaoba and Yuezhou with pressure resistance, rich groundwater recharge capacity, large depth, low groundwater vulnerability, class two water quality, convenience of mining conditions, and not easy to lead to collapse environment engineering geological problems, may become the emergency-type groundwater source fields．

Applying SIFT algorithm in 3D scene reconstruction can improve the system accuracy. Firstly, the paper analysed the characteristics of SIFT algorithm. Then 3D scene reconstruction process was introduced briefly. At last, the experimental images were matched by SIFT algorithm, and a suggestion value bound was given by comparing the matching result of different nearest ratio. The experimental results show that matching by SIFT algorithm has excellent accuracy, and it can be further applied to the 3D scene reconstruction system.

In this paper, a reasonable model under the thermal void effect of the Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor is been built. Finite element analysis (FE) is introduced to analyze thermal characteristics of the model. The results indicate that the heat distribution of IGBT is determined of voids with different sizes, positions and the intensity. Besides, the synergy of void effect and heat coupling effect would significantly increase the temperature of the chip.

Characteristics of SketchUp which is a kind of three-dimensional architectural design software and its shortage in real-time splitting are discussed in the paper. Taking a residential building as example, the author introduces the specific method of creating a ladder profile using group. Drawing building ladder profiles become simple and quick by using the method which improves the efficiency of drawing and has a strong practical value.

It is the requirements of limited resources and realtime in embedded system. Design of network communication system based on embedded system is hard. In this paper, we propose the architecture of embedded network using Modbus TCP/IP protocol, analyze the composition of Modbus TCP/IP protocol. It is that Modbus protocol information can be made in the TCP/IP protocol of the Internet transmission, and thus extend the application of Modbus protocol. The network communication system is designed and implemented on the ARM platform using non-blanking socket in Linux. The system is available, stable and worthy of popularization.

In this paper, a new 2-D spectrum focusing algorithm for hybrid spaceborne-airborne bistatic SAR based on space and time domain expansion is proposed. In order to obtain 2-D spectrum, the most of frequency domain algorithm is based on expanding the range history in time domain, but this method can’t represent the spatial characters of scatterer directly; on the other hand, the expansion of range history in space domain doesn’t good to get 2-D spectrum by the principle of stationary phase (PSP). Comparing with traditional algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this paper integrates methods of space and time domain expansion. This mixed-method has advantages that will both represent the spatial character of scatterer directly and get 2-D spectrum by PSP conveniently. It is very beneficial to theoretical analysis and spatial character study of bistatic SAR which has spatial variant characteristic. The validity of algorithm is confirmed through the simulated results.

Vector control technology is regarded as a kind of controlling manner of AC asynchronous motor and it has already become the first method of the high-performance variable-frequency speed regulating system. According to the basic principles of induction motor vector control, this paper constructs simulation model of rotor magnetic field oriented vector control system based on the MATLAB software. The paper analyzes the operation of motor on the basis of mutation of a given speed and sudden load. The simulation result including the oscillogram speed, torque,three phase current and two phase current were presented and analyzed. Results show that it has good dynamic performance, and it realizes the decoupling control system.