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C3H6is a crucial building block for many chemicals, yet separating it from other C3hydrocarbons presents a significant challenge. Herein, we report a hydrolytically stable Cu4I4-triazolate metal–organic framework (MOF) (JNU-9-CH3) featuring 1D channels decorated with readily accessible iodine and nitrogen atoms from Cu4I4clusters and triazolate linkers, respectively. The exposed iodine and nitrogen atoms allow for cooperative binding of C3hydrocarbons, as evidenced by in situsingle-crystal crystallography and Raman spectroscopy studies. As a result, JNU-9-CH3exhibits substantially stronger binding affinity for C3H4, CH2═C═CH2, and C3H8than that for C3H6. Breakthrough experiments confirm its ability to directly separate C3H6(≥99.99%) from C3H4/CH2═C═CH2/C3H8/C3H6mixtures at varying ratios and flow rates. Overall, we illustrate the cooperative binding of C3hydrocarbons in a Cu4I4-triazolate MOF and its highly efficient C3H6purification from quaternary C3mixtures. The study highlights the potential of MOF adsorbents with metal-iodide clusters for cooperative bindings and hydrocarbon separations.

Conventional multi-level inverters such as neutral point clamped and flying capacitor inverters do not have boosting capability and self-balanced capacitor voltage. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel three-level inverter based on switched capacitors to solve the above problems. The proposed inverter has lower voltage stress than the general switched-capacitor multi-level inverter. Meanwhile, an improved modulation strategy is adopted in the proposed inverter. The three-level space vector diagram is converted into a two-level one, and the space vector modulation is simplified. Then, we analyze the power loss and design guidelines for the device in the inverter. Finally, a corresponding simulation and an experimental platform will be established to verify the feasibility of the proposed inverter. The results prove that the proposed three-level inverter has good performance and dynamic response that meets the requirements.

Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) exhibit promising applications as chemical sensors, especially for organic-linker-based LMOFs due to their unlimited structures and pre- and postfunctionality. However, it is still a challenge to introduce specific functional groups into LMOFs as reaction sites for sensing. Herein, a new luminescent zirconium-based metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF), HIAM-4009L, is reported with csqunderlying net. By integrating the hydroquinone moiety into the skeleton of the organic linker via the reaction between o-diamine and aldehydes, nanosized HIAM-4009L exhibits reversible emission responses toward hypochlorous acid (HClO) and l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, Vc) due to the switchable hydroquinone/quinone reaction. This nano-MOF can be used as a reaction-based chemical sensor for HClO and Vc detection with high selectivity and sensitivity. The present work not only provides nanosized MOFs for the reversible detection of HClO and Vc but also sheds light on the rational design of LMOFs with specific functional groups using an o-diamine- and aldehyde-based reaction.

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis provides a favorable strategy for conventional energy-consuming urea synthesis, but achieving large-scale catalyst synthesis with high catalytic efficiency remains challenging. Herein, we developed a simple method for the preparation of a series of FeNi-alloy-based catalysts, named FeNi@nC-T(nrepresents the content of nanoporous carbon as 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 g and T= 900, 950, 1000 or 1100 °C), for highly performed urea synthesis viaNO3−and CO2co-reduction. The FeNi@7C-1000 achieved a high urea yield of 1041.33 mmol h−1gFeNi−1with a Faradaic efficiency of 15.56% at –1.2 V vs. RHE. Moreover, the scale-up synthesized FeNi@7C-950-S (over 140 g per batch) was achieved with its high catalytic performance and high stability maintained. Mechanism investigation illuminated that the Ni and Fe sites catalyze and stabilize the key *CO and *N intermediates and minimize the C–N coupling reaction barriers for highly efficient urea synthesis.

The nanoscale multidrug codelivery system for synergistic therapy is an effective strategy for tumor treatment. However, the low drug delivery efficiency and poor therapeutic effects limit its application. Here, based on the coordination effect of Artemisinin (Art), quercetin (Qc), and Fe3+, we had constructed a safe and efficient carrier-free hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified Art–Fe–Qc nanoparticles (AFQ@HA NPs) for enhanced chemotherapy/photothermal therapy (PTT)–chemodynamic therapy (CDT) synergistic therapy, which achieved an ultrahigh drug loading efficiency and a multifunction anticancer strategy. The results showed that high drug loading was achieved based on drug coordination self-assembly, with Art and Qc contents of 38.6 and 42.7%, respectively. At the same time, based on the Qc–Fe coordination molecular network, the system had excellent photothermal conversion performance with an efficiency of 57.3% and could effectively inhibit the expression of HSP70, achieving enhanced PTT. Further, under the stimulation of excessive H2O2and glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment, the AFQ@HA NPs were continuously degraded, while releasing Art and Fe3+/Fe2+to achieve iron ion-enhanced CDT. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that AFQ@HA NPs could achieve chemotherapy–PTT–CDT synergistic therapy in response to tumor microenvironment by passively targeting and actively targeting tumor cells with CD44, demonstrating its excellent targeted antitumor effects.

Aberrations in metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), particularly lactate metabolism, play a crucial role in the pathophysiology and patient outcome. To date, the evaluation of metabolism relies heavily on invasive methods such as microdialysis, restricting a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic mechanisms associated with ICH. This study proposes a noninvasive metabolic imaging method based on 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (2H-MRS/MRSI) to detect metabolic changes after ICH in vivo. To overcome the low-sensitivity limitation of 2H, we designed a new 1H–2H double-resonance coil with 2H-channel active detuning and proposed chemical shift imaging based on the balanced steady-state free precession method (CSI-bSSFP). Compared with the volume coil, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the new coil was increased by 4.5 times. In addition, the SNR of CSI-bSSFP was 1.5 times higher than that of conventional CSI. These two technologies were applied to measure lactate metabolic flux at different phases of ICH. The results show a higher lactate concentration in ICH rats than in control rats, which is in line with the increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase measured via immunohistochemistry staining (AUCLac_area/Glc_area: control, 0.08 ± 0.02 vs ICH-3d, 0.39 ± 0.05 vs ICH-7d, 0.18 ± 0.02, P< 0.01; H-score: control, 126.4 ± 5.03 vs ICH-3d, 168.4 ± 5.71 vs ICH-7d,133.6 ± 7.70, P< 0.05). A higher lactate signal also appeared near the ICH region than in normal brain tissue. In conclusion, 2H-MRS/MRSI shows potential as a useful method for in vivo metabolic imaging and noninvasive assessment of ICH.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce comprehensive estimates of AMR burden across locations that encompass historical trends and future forecasts.

This research adopted the Fischer indole synthesis method to continue constructing a novel drug-like chemical entity based on the guidance of isocryptolepine and obtained four series of derivatives: Y, Da, Db, and Dc. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against plant pathogens was further evaluated. The results showed that Dc-2had the best antifungal effect against Botrytis cinerea, and its EC50value was up to 1.29μg/mL. In addition, an in vivo activity test showed that the protective effect of Dc-2on apples was 82.2% at 200 μg/mL, which was better than that of Pyrimethanil (45.4%). Meanwhile, it was found by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy that the compound Dc-2affected the morphology of mycelia. The compound Dc-2was found to damage the cell membrane by PI and ROS staining. Through experiments such as leakage of cell contents, it was found that the compound Dc-2changed the permeability of the cell membrane and caused the leakage of substances in the cell. According to the above studies, compound Dc-2can be used as a candidate lead compound for further structural optimization and development.

The efficient synthesis of chiral macrocycles with highly enantioselective recognition remains a challenge. We have addressed this issue by synthesizing a pair of chiral macrocycles, namely, R/S-BINOL[2], achieving total isolated yields of up to 62% through a two-step reaction sequence. These macrocycles are readily purified by column chromatography over silica gel without the need for chiral separation, thus streamlining the overall synthesis. R/S-BINOL[2] demonstrated enantioselective recognition toward chiral ammonium salts, with enantioselectivity (KS/KR) values reaching up to 13.2, although less favorable separations were seen for other substrates. R/S-BINOL[2] also displays blue circularly polarized luminescence with a |glum| value of up to 2.2 × 10–3. The R/S-BINOL[2] macrocycles of this study are attractive as chiral hosts in that they both display enantioselective guest recognition and benefit from a concise, high-yielding synthesis. As such, they may have a role to play in chiral separations.

Naturally derived compounds show promise as treatments for microbial infections. Polyphenols, abundantly found in various plants, fruits, and vegetables, are noted for their physiological benefits including antimicrobial effects. This study introduced a new set of acylated phloroglucinol derivatives, synthesized and tested for their antifungal activity in vitro against seven different pathogenic fungi. The standout compound, 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) butan-1-one (2b), exhibited remarkable fungicidal strength, with EC50values of 1.39 μg/mL against Botrytis cinereaand 1.18 μg/mL against Monilinia fructicola, outperforming previously screened phenolic compounds. When tested in vivo, 2bdemonstrated effective antifungal properties, with cure rates of 76.26% for brown rot and 83.35% for gray mold at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, rivaling the commercial fungicide Pyrimethanil in its efficacy against B. cinerea. Preliminary research suggests that 2b’s antifungal mechanism may involve the disruption of spore germination, damage to the fungal cell membrane, and leakage of cellular contents. These results indicate that compound 2bhas excellent fungicidal properties against B. cinereaand holds potential as a treatment for gray mold.

After entering host cells by endocytosis, influenza A virus (IAV) is transported along microfilaments and then transported by dynein along microtubules (MTs) to the perinuclear region for genome release. Understanding the mechanisms of dynein-driven transport is significant for a comprehensive understanding of IAV infection. In this work, the roles of dynactin in dynein-driven transport of IAV were quantitatively dissected in situusing quantum dot-based single-virus tracking. It was revealed that dynactin was essential for dynein to transport IAV toward the nucleus. After virus entry, virus-carrying vesicles bound to dynein and dynactin before being delivered to MTs. The attachment of dynein to the vesicles was dependent on dynactin and its subunits, p150Gluedand Arp1. Once viruses reached MTs, dynactin-assisted dynein initiates retrograde transport of IAV. Importantly, the retrograde transport of viruses could be initiated at both plus ends (32%) and other regions on MTs (68%). Subsequently, dynactin accompanied and assisted dynein to persistently transport the virus along MTs in the retrograde direction. This study revealed the dynactin-dependent dynein-driven transport process of IAV, enhancing our understanding of IAV infection and providing important insights into the cell’s endocytic transport mechanism.

Miniaturized hyperspectral imaging based on filter arrays has attracted much attention in consumer applications, such as food safety and biomedical applications. In this Letter, we demonstrate a miniaturized hyperspectral imager using a reconfigurable filter array to tackle the existing trade-off issue between the spectral and spatial resolutions. Utilizing tens of intermediate states of a vanadium dioxide cavity, we increase the total number of physical spectral channels by tens of times from a 2 × 2 mosaic filter unit, providing both high spatial and spectral resolutions for spectral imaging. The reconfigurable filter has a good spectral resolvability of 10 nm in the visible range with a wavelength inaccuracy of less than 2.1 nm. Hyperspectral imaging is demonstrated with a frame rate of 4.5 Hz.

Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese herb, produces a wide range of secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological activities. In this study, we isolated six isopentenyl flavonoids (1–6)from the roots of S. flavescensand evaluated their activities against phytopathogenic fungi. In vitro activities showed that kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G displayed broad spectrum and superior activities, among which sophoraflavanone G displayed excellent activity against tested fungi, with EC50values ranging from 4.76 to 13.94 μg/mL. Notably, kurarinone was easily purified and showed potential activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium graminearumwith EC50values of 16.12, 16.55, and 16.99 μg/mL, respectively. Consequently, we initially investigated the mechanism of kurarinone against B. cinerea. It was found that kurarinone disrupted cell wall components, impaired cell membrane integrity, increased cell membrane permeability, and affected cellular energy metabolism, thereby exerting its effect against B. cinerea. Therefore, kurarinone is expected to be a potential candidate for the development of plant fungicides.

CCNE1amplification occurs in breast cancer and currently lacks effective therapies. PKMYT1 as a synthetic lethal target for CCNE1amplification holds promise for the treatment of CCNE1-amplified breast cancer. Herein, we discover a series of 2-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide derivatives as potent and selective PKMYT1 inhibitors using structure-based drug design. The representative compound 8maexhibited excellent potency against PKMYT1, while sparing WEE1. It also suppressed proliferation of the CCNE1-amplified HCC1569 breast cancer cell line and showed synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with gemcitabine. PKMYT1 X-ray cocrystallography confirmed that introduction of key binding interactions between the inhibitors and residues Asp251 and Tyr121 of PKMYT1 greatly enhanced the potency and selectivity of the compounds.

Over the last 30 years, despite considerable research and endeavors aimed at harnessing aptamers as pharmaceutical molecules, the progress in developing aptamer-based drugs has been falling short of expectations. Sequential steps of affinity molecule acquisition and functional screening are typically required for discovering affinity-based macromolecule therapeutics, which can be time-consuming and limiting in candidate selection. Additionally, aptamers often necessitate tedious postselection modifications to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations, which usually impede the binding affinity. Herein, we propose a novel in vitro screening platform termed Functional Aptamers in vitro Evolution (FAIVE), which integrates affinity molecule acquisition with functional screening and introduces chemical diversity during the process. This platform aims to rapidly generate functional aptamers capable of binding to target proteins and regulating their functions. Illustrated by targeting intranuclear RNA-protein interactions involving HIV-1 Tat protein and TAR RNA, FAIVE demonstrates a selection of functional aptamers with significant intracellular blocking effects. The study also explores lipid nanoparticle delivery systems to enhance intracellular delivery efficiency, expanding aptamer targeting potential to broader intracellular and intranuclear domains. This study emphasizes the potential of FAIVE to expedite the development of aptamer-based drugs and facilitate the creation of more versatile and effective therapeutics.

With the rapid advancement of electronic information, electronic components are increasingly trending toward miniaturization and high-density. Reflow soldering has emerged as the predominant method for soldering, but its quality is susceptible to various influencing factors. This study focuses on investigating the reflow soldering process of ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) devices by integrating the Anand constitutive model of solder joints, with the solder joint material being Sn63Pb37. A transient thermodynamic coupling model for the reflow soldering process is established, and the thermal simulation parameters are calibrated through temperature testing. The results indicate that the deviation between simulation and experimental outcomes is below 5%. Furthermore, a comparison of the Anand model and elastic model’s impact on solder joint warping and residual stress reveals that the Anand model yields more precise simulation results. Subsequently, the soldering quality of reflow soldering is analyzed based on Anand model, and the key parameters influencing soldering quality are identified through orthogonal analysis, providing a basis for optimal design. The findings suggest that the temperature of the ninth temperature zone and air supply rate exert the most significant influence on soldering quality. In comparison to the initial temperature curve and the airflow rate, there is a $21~^{\circ }$ C increase in peak temperature, a 20-s prolongation of liquid phase time, a reduction of residual stress by 0.15 MPa, and an increase in printed circuit board (PCB) warping by 0.04 mm.

In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the selective laser-melted (SLM) high-Mg content AlSiMg1.4 alloy, the Zr element was introduced. The influence of Zr alloying on the processability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically investigated through performing microstructure analysis and tensile testing. It was demonstrated that the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4−Zr alloy exhibited high process stability with a relative density of over 99.5% at various process parameters. Besides, the strong grain refinement induced by the primary Al3Zr particle during the melt solidification process simultaneously enhanced both the strength and plasticity of the alloy. The values for the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4−Zr were (343±3) MPa, (485±4) MPa, and (10.2±0.2)%, respectively, demonstrating good strength− plasticity synergy in comparison to the AlSiMg1.4 and other Al−Si-based alloys fabricated by SLM.

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and energy harvesting (EH) have emerged as promising technologies to improve the energy efficiency and capacity of mobile edge computing (MEC) network. In this network, the mobile users utilize harvested energy to support the tasks computed locally or offloaded to MEC server through NOMA transmission. We propose an analytical framework to comprehensively explore the performance of the task processing procedure under EH-aided NOMA-MEC network. Specifically, taking into account the EH constraint, local computing capacity, and NOMA offloading constraint, a four-dimensional Markov chain is introduced to model the task processing in each mobile user. To obtain the steady state of this Markov chain, we employ queuing theory to construct a discrete-time Geo/G/1 queue. By deriving the successful computation probability and the successful offloading probability, the mean response time for task completion is derived, which is a critical performance metric for the network. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the accuracy and facilitate the performance of the proposed framework.

Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) has significant potential in the identification and measurement of isotopes due to its specificity for different nuclei. This study explored the NRF pinhole imaging method through Monte Carlo simulation in the detection of 239Pu samples. By designing and optimizing parameters of the pinhole imaging system, including the direction of incident photons, geometric aperture, acceptance angle, pinhole thickness, object distance, and magnification factor, a spatial resolution of 1.2 cm with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1.63 has been achieved. Monochromatic incident photons were used in the simulation to improve data statistics and reduce computation time. Although there are no suitable monochromatic photon beams, quasi-monochromatic gamma rays generated by laser Compton scattering (LCS) sources would be available for NRF applications. Simulation with a quasi-monochromatic incident photon beam suggested that off-resonance photons contributed little to the final results after energy filtering. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of NRF pinhole imaging to distinguish isotope samples, such as 239Pu, with different concentrations and sizes and obtain direct imaging results without the need for further data processing. However, challenges, such as high-energy noise photons and low count rate of NRF photons, limit the image quality. To compensate these errors and enhance the accuracy of NRF pinhole imaging, imaging correction algorithms can be developed for further improvements.

Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that poses a large clinical and economic burden. Understanding the global burden of appendicitis is crucial for evaluating unmet needs and implementing and scaling up intervention services to reduce adverse health outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2021.

A common problem for Zn alloys is the trade-off between antibacterial ability and biocompatibility. This paper proposes a strategy to solve this problem by increasing release ratio of Ca2+ions, which is realized by significant refinement of CaZn13particles through bottom circulating water-cooled casting (BCWC) and rolling. Compared with conventionally fabricated Zn-0.3Ca alloy, the BCWC-rolled alloy shows higher antibacterial abilities against E. coliand S. aureus, meanwhile much less toxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, plasticity, degradation uniformity, and ability to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitroof the alloy are improved. The elongation up to 49 %, which is the highest among Zn alloys with Ca, and is achieved since the sizes of CaZn13particles and Zn grains are small and close. As a result, the long-standing problem of low formability of Zn alloys containing Ca has also been solved due to the elimination of large CaZn13particles. The BCWC-rolled alloy is a promising candidate of making GBR membrane.

The purpose of this work was to develop an anti-CAT-SYI immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibody that targeted both GtfB (glucosyltransferase B) and GbpB (glucan-binding protein B) and test its anticaries properties in rats.

Reversible lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM). This process in cells is typically carried out enzymatically by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. The catalytic lysine in the human kinome is highly conserved and ligandable. Small-molecule strategies that enable post-translational acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases in a target-selective manner therefore provide tremendous potential in kinase biology. Herein, we report the first small molecule-induced chemical strategy capable of global acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases from mammalian cells. By surveying various lysine-acetylating agents installed on a promiscuous kinase-binding scaffold, Ac4was identified and shown to effectively acetylate the catalytic lysine of >100 different protein kinases from live Jurkat/K562 cells. In order to demonstrate that this strategy was capable of target-selective and reversible chemical acetylation of protein kinases, we further developed six acetylating compounds on the basis of VX-680 (a noncovalent inhibitor of AURKA). Among them, Ac13/Ac14, while displaying excellent in vitro potency and sustained cellular activity against AURKA, showed robust acetylation of its catalytic lysine (K162) in a target-selective manner, leading to irreversible inhibition of endogenous kinase activity. The reversibility of this chemical acetylation was confirmed on Ac14-treated recombinant AURKA protein, followed by deacetylation with SIRT3 (a lysine deacetylase). Finally, the reversible Ac13-induced acetylation of endogenous AURKA was demonstrated in SIRT3-transfected HCT116 cells. By disclosing the first cell-active acetylating compounds capable of both global and target-selective post-translational acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases, our strategy could provide a useful chemical tool in kinase biology and drug discovery.

While the majority of knots are made from the metal-template approach, the use of entangled, constrained knotted loops to modulate the coordination of the metal ions remains inadequately elucidated. Here, we report on the coordination chemistry of a 140-atom-long cinquefoil knotted strand comprising five tridentate and five bidentate chelating vacancies. The knotted loop is prepared through the self-assembly of asymmetric “3 + 2” dentate ligands with copper(II) ions that favor five-coordination geometry. The formation of the copper(II) pentameric helicate is confirmed by X-ray crystallography, while the corresponding copper(II) knot is characterized by XPS and LR-/HR ESI-MS. Upon removal of the original template, the knotted ligand facilitates zinc(II) ions, which typically form four- or six-coordination geometries, resulting in the formation of an otherwise inaccessible zinc(II) metallic knot with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. The coordination numbers and geometries of the zinc(II) cations are undoubtedly determined by X-ray crystallography. Despite the kinetically labile nature and high reversibility of the zinc(II) complex preventing the detection of 5-to-6 coordination equilibrium in solution, the effects on metal-ion coordination induced by knotting hold promise for fine-tuning the coordination of metal complexes.

A photocatalytic method for the ring-closing 1,7-enyne metathesis using the α-amino radical as an alkene deconstruction auxiliary is present. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer is the key to the generation and β-scission of the α-amino radical, while the dearomatization of arenes and ring opening of cyclopropanes are the key to construct spirocyclic quinolin-2-ones. This approach highlights the potential of ring-closing 1,7-enyne metathesis, providing a green, efficient, and step-economical way for the synthesis of spirocyclic quinolin-2-ones.

The separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting (SCS) dust using a sulfating roasting−water leaching process were investigated. The thermodynamic analysis results confirm the feasibility of the phase transformation to metal sulfates and to gaseous HF and HCl. Under the sulfating roasting conditions of the roasting temperature of 250 °C and the sulfuric acid excess coefficient of 1.8, over 74 wt.% of F and 98 wt.% of Cl were volatilized into flue gas. Approximately 98.6 wt.% of Zn and 96.5 wt.% of Cu in the roasting product were dissolved into the leaching solution after the water leaching process, while the leaching efficiencies of Pb and Sn were only 0.12% and 0.22%, respectively. The mechanism studies indicate the pivotal effect of roasting temperature on the sulphation reactions from various metal species to metal sulfates and the salting out reactions from various metal halides to gaseous hydrogen halides.

To modify the thermodynamics and kinetic performance of magnesium hydride (MgH2) for solid-state hydrogen storage, Ni3V2O8-rGO (rGO represents reduced graphene oxide) and Ni3V2O8nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent heat treatment. The beginning hydrogen desorption temperature of 7 wt.% Ni3V2O8-rGO modified MgH2was reduced to 208 °C, while the additive-free MgH2and 7 wt.% Ni3V2O8doped MgH2appeared to discharge hydrogen at 340 and 226 °C, respectively. A charging capacity of about 4.7 wt.% H2for MgH2+ 7 wt.% Ni3V2O8-rGO was achieved at 125 °C in 10 min, while the dehydrogenated MgH2took 60 min to absorb only 4.6 wt.% H2at 215 °C. The microstructure analysis confirmed that the in-situ generated Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4and metallic V contributed significantly to the enhanced performance of MgH2. In addition, the presence of rGO in the MgH2+ 7 wt.% Ni3V2O8-rGO composite reduced particle aggregation tendency of Mg/MgH2, leading to improving the cyclic stability of MgH2during 20 cycles.

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting (SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy, a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was designed. The effect of Si alloying on the surface quality, processability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was studied. The results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation, refined the grain size, and reduced the solidification temperature, which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the alloy. The maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were (371±7) MPa and (518±6) MPa, respectively. These values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most prevalent clinical hair loss, lacks safe and effective treatments due to downregulated angiogenic genes and insufficient vascularization in the perifollicular microenvironment of the bald scalp in AGA patients. In this study, a hyaluronic acid (HA) based hydrogel-formed microneedle (MN) was designed, referred to as V-R-MNs, which was simultaneously loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the novel hair loss drug Ritlecitinib, the latter is encapsulated in slowly biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) nanoparticles (R-PHA NPs) for minimally invasive AGA treatment. The integration of HA based hydrogel alongside PHA nanoparticles significantly bolstered the mechanical characteristics of microneedles and enhanced skin penetration efficiency. Due to the biosafety, mechanical strength, and controlled degradation properties of HA hydrogel formed microneedles, V-R-MNs can effectively penetrate the skin's stratum corneum, facilitating the direct delivery of VEGF and Ritlecitinib in a minimally invasive, painless and long-term sustained release manner. V-R-MNs not only promoted angiogenesis and improve the immune microenvironment around the hair follicle to promote the proliferation and development of hair follicle cells, but also the application of MNs to the skin to produce certain mechanical stimulation could also promote angiogenesis. In comparison to the clinical drug minoxidil for AGA treatment, the hair regeneration effect of V-R-MN in AGA model mice is characterized by a rapid onset of the anagen phase, improved hair quality, and greater coverage. This introduces a new, clinically safer, and more efficient strategy for AGA treatment, and serving as a reference for the treatment of other related diseases.

Manipulating single electrons at the atomic scale is vital for mastering complex surface processes governed by the transfer of individual electrons. Polarons, composed of electrons stabilized by electron–phonon coupling, offer a pivotal medium for such manipulation. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report the identification and manipulation of a new type of polaron, dubbed van der Waals (vdW) polaron, within mono- to trilayer ultrathin films composed of Sb2O3molecules that are bonded via vdW attractions. The Sb2O3films were grown on a graphene-covered SiC(0001) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy. Unlike prior molecular polarons, STM imaging observed polarons at the interstitial sites of the molecular film, presenting unique electronic states and localized band bending. DFT calculations revealed the lowest conduction band as an intermolecular bonding state, capable of ensnaring an extra electron through locally diminished intermolecular distances, thereby forming an intermolecular vdW polaron. We also demonstrated the ability to generate, move, and erase such vdW polarons using an STM tip. Our work uncovers a new type of polaron stabilized by coupling with intermolecular vibrations where vdW interactions dominate, paving the way for designing atomic-scale electron transfer processes and enabling precise tailoring of electron-related properties and functionalities.

The rising in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies based on polymerization reactions have advanced the removal of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. However, despite their promise, uncertainties persist regarding their effectiveness in eliminating structurally complex contaminants, such as sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs). This study elucidated that oligomerization, rather than mineralization, predominantly governs the removal of SAs in the carbon materials/periodate system. The amine groups in SAs played a crucial role in forming organic radicals and subsequent coupling reactions due to their high f–index and low bond orders. Moreover, the study highlighted the robust adhesion of oligomers to the catalyst surface, facilitated by enhanced van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions. Importantly, plant and animal toxicity assessments confirmed the nontoxic nature of oligomers deposited on the carbon material surface, affirming the efficacy of carbon material-based ISCO in treating contaminated surface water and groundwater. Additionally, a novel classification approach, Δlogk, was proposed to differentiate SAs based on their kinetic control steps, providing deeper insights into the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and facilitating the selection of optimal descriptors during the oligomerization processes. Overall, these insights significantly enhance our understanding of SAs removal via oligomerization and demonstrate the superiority of C-ISCO based on polymerization in water decontamination.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1-KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS.

Particle erosion induced by foreign object damage (FOD) is an important factor that restricts the working life of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A dense α-Al2O3overlay was prepared by magnetron sputtering and vacuum treatment on the surface of 7YSZ TBCs sprayed by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) to improve the erosion resistance of the TBCs. The FOD behavior of the TBCs was systematically studied and the interface of α-Al2O3/c-ZrO2was investigated by first principles calculations. The experimental results show that the erosion rates of the PS-PVD, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) TBCs were 324, 248, and 139 μg/g, respectively, while the erosion rate of the Al2O3-modified PS-PVD TBCs was reduced to 199 μg/g. In addition, the highest interface adhesive energy of 3.88 J/m2observed in the top configuration model of Al2O3/ZrO2−O is much higher than that of ZrO2/Ni (2.011 J/m 2), which results in improved interface bonding performance.

The Nakazima method was applied to performing bulging experiments of annealed TA2 pure titanium/ Q235B carbon steel composite plate samples with different sizes. The effects of acting surfaces on forming limits and interface damage behavior of TA2/Q235B composite plate were investigated. It is found that when the steel contacts with the concave die, the bulging height and forming limit of the composite plate increase due to the different contact materials, coordination deformation ability of the interface, and strain state. The bulging height of the R140 specimen reaches the maximum value (46.17 mm), and the thickness reduction and interfacial crack of the R60 and R180 specimens in three directions are larger. In addition, due to the difference in hardness and tensile stress, all horizontal and inclined holes in both groups extend toward the pure titanium.

Increasing global energy consumption and environmental pollution make the use of new energy sources and environmentally friendly technologies essential to meet the diverse needs of industries. Photoelectrocatalysis is a promising method of utilising solar and electrical energy for various catalytic reactions with significant environmental and energy saving benefits. And photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) are two catalytic reactions with great potential for energy and environmental applications. PEC OER is critical for renewable energy technologies for water oxidation and other related oxidation reactions. PEC CO2RR converts carbon dioxide into high-value products viaa catalyst, enabling the rational use of carbon dioxide and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Both technologies are efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. However, further research and optimisation are needed to promote the industrial application of both technologies for energy conversion and environmental protection. This paper reviews the research progress of PEC CO2RR and OER catalysts in recent years, including detailed descriptions of catalyst types, reaction mechanisms and performance tests. Finally, the paper considers the future trends and prospects of PEC technology, providing new insights into the technology and research directions for PEC OER and CO2RR catalysts.

Background: Small intestinal stromal tumors (SISTs) are a rare type of mesenchymal tumor. Gender is known to influence the incidence and prognosis of various tumors, but its role on the survival of SISTs at the population level remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to explore the relationship between gender and the prognosis of SISTs using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: Data on SISTs patients from 2000 to 2019 were derived from the SEER database. Multiple imputation was used to address missing data. Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results: A total of 3513 patients with SISTs were analyzed, including 1921 males and 1592 females. Kaplan–Meier analysis coupled with log-rank testing demonstrated a significantly higher mortality rate among male patients compared to females (P&lt; 0.001). Notably, female patients exhibited superior OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.808, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.724–0.902, P&lt; 0.001) and CSS (HR 0.801, 95% CI 0.692–0.927, P= 0.003) compared to male patients. While the mean 1-year CSS rates were comparable between genders (95.3% for males vs. 96.0% for females, P= 0.332), male patients consistently showed lower mean survival rates at 3-, 5-, and 10-year intervals. Surgical intervention significantly boosted 5-year OS and CSS rates in both male and female patients (P&lt; 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age, sex, grade, TNM stage, surgery, and mitotic rate as independent risk factors for OS and CSS in patients with SISTs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that male patients with SISTs have a higher risk of mortality compared to female patients, indicating that gender may serve as a predictive indicator for survival in this patient population.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the impact of heat stress (HS) on glutamate transmission-dependent expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in BV-2 microglial cells. Methods:BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in vitro, with cells maintained at 37°C serving as the control. The HS group experienced incubation at 40°C for 1 h, followed by further culturing at 37°C for 6 or 12 h. The experimental group was preincubated with glutamate, the glutamate antagonist riluzole, or the mGluR5 agonist, 2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), before HS. Glutamate content in BV-2 culture supernatant was assessed using colorimetric assay. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of EAAT3 and/or mGluR5 in BV-2 cells were determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18) in cell culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was employed to assess protein levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in BV-2 cells. Results:HS induced a significant release of glutamate and increased the expression levels of mGluR5 and EAAT3 in BV-2 cells. It also triggered the expression levels and release of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-18, synergizing with the effects of glutamate treatment. Preincubation with both riluzole and CHPG significantly reduced HS-induced glutamate release and mitigated the increased expression levels and release of IL-1β and IL-18 induced by HS. Conclusion:The findings confirmed that microglia could be involved in HS primarily through glutamate metabolisms, influencing the expression levels and release of IL-1β and IL-18.

The exploration of low-cost, efficient, environmentally safe, and selective catalysts for the activation of carbon–halogen bonds has become an important and challenging topic in modern chemistry. With the help of density functional theory (DFT), it is found that phenyl bromide (PhBr) can be efficiently chemisorbed by the Al12M (M = Be, Al, C, and P) superatoms via forming highly polarized Al–Br covalent bonds, where the C–Br bonds of PhBr can be effectively activated through the electron transfer from Al12M. The different electronic structures of these four Al12M superatoms pose a substantial effect on their performances on the activation of PhBr and the catalytic mechanisms of the Suzuki–Miyaura (SM) reaction. Among them, the alkali-metal-like superatom Al12P exhibits the best performance for the activation of PhBr. In particular, Al13and Al12P with open-shell electronic structures exhibit catalytic performances comparable to those of previously reported catalysts for this coupling reaction. Hence, it is highly expected that Al13and Al12P could be used as novel superatom catalysts for C–C coupling reactions and, therefore, open up new possibilities to use nonprecious superatoms in catalyzing the activation and transformation of carbon–halogen bonds.

2,3-Allenamides are an important class of unsaturated group-substituted carbonyl compounds. A palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of propargyl acetates with amines for the synthesized tri-/tetrasubstituted 2,3-allenamides has been developed. A broad range of tri-/tetrasubstituted 2,3-allenamides have been prepared from propargyl acetates in good to excellent yields. The reaction featured mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance. The applicability of this methodology was further highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and pharmaceuticals.

Although the environmentally friendly waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings exhibit high adhesion to substrates, the abundant hydrophilic groups in those coatings always bring about poor anticorrosion performance. Herein, a nonionic WEP emulsifier with the lipophilic–hydrophilic–lipophilic (L-H-L) structure has been successfully prepared to enhance the anticorrosion performance of the WEP coating. After the hydrophilic chains formed between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) are terminated by epoxy resin (E51), the WEP emulsifier with the L-H-L structure can be obtained, which is then used for preparing the WEP emulsion with regular shape, small particle size, uniform distribution, and high stability by the phase inversion method. The WEP coatings of uniform thickness (110 ± 15 μm) without anticorrosion fillers can be prepared by spraying. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the WEP-PEG2000-10% coating exhibits high anticorrosion performance with the low-frequency impedance value as high as 7.47 × 109ohm·cm2after being immersed in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution for 60 days. Actually, the L-H-L structure effectively reduces the free hydrophilic groups in the WEP coating, thus significantly improving the anticorrosion performance. This study provides new insight on developing novel inherent WEP coating with high anticorrosion performance.

Bismaleimide (BMI) is often used as the cross-linking reagent in Diels–Alder (D–A)-type intrinsic self-healing materials (DISMs) to promote the connectivity of damaged surfaces based on reversible D–A bond formation on the molecular scale. Until now, although DISMs have exhibited great potential in the applications of various sensors, electronic skin, and artificial muscles, it is still difficult to prepare DISMs with satisfactory self-healing abilities and high tensile strengths and strains at the same time, thus largely limiting their applications in self-healing anticorrosive coatings. Herein, symmetrical trimaleimide (TMI) was successfully synthesized, and trimaleimide-structured D–A self-healing polyurethane (TMI–DA–PU) was prepared via the reversible D–A reaction (cycloaddition of furan and maleimide). As a DISM, TMI–DA–PU exhibits apparently higher self-healing efficiency (98.7%), tensile strength (25.4 MPa), and strain (1378%) compared to bismaleimide-structured D–A self-healing polyurethane (BMI–DA–PU) (self-healing efficiency, 90.2%; tensile strength, 19.3 MPa; strain, 1174%). In addition, TMI–DA–PU shows a high recycling efficiency (>95%) after 4 cycles of recycling. A series of characterizations indicate that TMI provides more monoene rings as the self-healing sites, forms denser cross-linked structures compared to BMI, and is, thus, more appropriate to be used for DISM applications. Moreover, the barrier abilities of coatings can be semi-quantitatively expressed by the impedance value at 0.01 Hz (|Z|0.01 Hz). The |Z|0.01 Hzvalue of the TMI–DA–PU coating is 3.93 × 109Ω cm2on day 0, which is significantly higher than that of the BMI–DA–PU coating (6.76 × 108Ω cm2on day 0), indicating that the denser rigid cross-linked structure of TMI results in the small porosity in the TMI–DA–PU coating, thus effectively improving the anticorrosion performance. The construction of DISMs with the structure of TMI demonstrates immense potential in self-healing anticorrosive coatings.

Purpose: In the research of the microwave pulse compression, it was found that a new physical model has a high power gain for the rectangular TE1,0,20resonant mode at 2.920 GHz in S-band than the traditional physical model. In this report, the model structure, physical principle, simulation results, and theoretical analysis will be given in detail. Methods: In the new physical model of microwave pulse compression system, (1) the technologies of the over-moded resonant cavity and over-sized output waveguide were used together first time for the rectangular TE1,0,20resonant mode at 2.920 GHz in S-band, in order to improve the Q-value of the microwave resonant cavity and increase the power gain of the output pulse; (2) optimize the dimensions of the coupling window to get the maximum efficiency of the energy storage in the resonant cavity. Results: From the latest research, it was shown that, in the optimal resonant state, (1) the power gain of the system can reach up to 276.97. Relative the traditional physical model, the power gain increased by 53.40%; (2) in the optimal resonant state, the energy storage efficiency of the over-moded system has also reached up to 88.91%. Relative to the traditional physical model, the efficiency increased by 23.33%; (3) another important result is that the power gain is very sensitive to the deviations of the resonant cavity length and output waveguide position from their optimal values. For example, the power gain will decrease by 61.45 or 67.17%, if the length deviation of the resonant cavity is − 0.10 mm or + 0.1 0 mm. It is very important to the theoretical and experimental studies. Conclusion: It was shown that the new physical model of microwave pulse compression system has a higher power gain than the traditional physical model, by using the over-moded technology to the resonant cavity and output waveguide. Because of the universality of this high-gain over-moded physical model, the high-gain over-moded technology can be applied directly to X, Ku, and Ka bands.

Aiming at the display fragmentation caused by insufficient module strength of ultra-thin and narrow design, a module strength prediction model is proposed to improve LCDs strength immunity and provide design guide, The comparison between the experiment measurement and the predicted results shows that the model can accurately predict the module strength under different design conditions and provide effective technical support and guidance.

H62 brass material is one of the important materials in the process of electrical energy transmission and signal transmission, and has excellent performance in all aspects. Since the wear behavior of electrical contact pairs is particularly complex when they are in service, we evaluated the effects of load, sliding velocity, displacement amplitude, current intensity, and surface roughness on the changes in contact resistance. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to predict the electrical contact performance of different factors after wear to determine the correlation between different factors and contact resistance. Random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR) and BP neural network (BPNN) algorithms were used to establish RF, SVR and BPNN models, respectively, and the experimental data were trained and tested. It was proved that BP neural network model could better predict the stable mean resistance of H62 brass alloy after wear. Characteristic analysis shows that the load and current have great influence on the predicted electrical contact properties. The wear behavior of electrical contacts is influenced by factors such as load, sliding speed, displacement amplitude, current intensity, and surface roughness during operation. Machine learning algorithms can predict the electrical contact performance after wear caused by these factors. Experimental results indicate that an increase in load, current, and surface roughness leads to a decrease in stable mean resistance, while an increase in displacement amplitude and frequency results in an increase in stable mean resistance, leading to a decline in electrical contact performance. To reduce testing time and costs and quickly obtain the electrical contact performance of H62 brass alloy after wear caused by different factors, three algorithms (random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and BP neural network (BPNN)) were used to train and test experimental results, resulting in a machine learning model suitable for predicting the stable mean resistance of H62 brass alloy after wear. The prediction results showed that the BPNN model performed better in predicting the electrical contact performance compared to the RF and SVR models.

A new polyoxovanadate-based framework material [Cu(en)2]4V18O42(H2O)·6H2O (1) was designed and synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of NaVO3, Cu(NO3)2·6H2O and 1, 2-diaminoethane (en) via carefully adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. The structure of the title compound has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Detail structural analysis demonstrate the three-dimensional (3D) framework structure of compound 1, which was composed of the [V18O42(H2O)]8−({V18O42(H2O)}) anions linked by the Cu2+cations. Compound 1represents the first 3D framework based on {V18O42(H2O)} polyoxoanions and copper complexes. Solar-driven degradation of residual organic pollutants in industrial wastewater is still a major problem for human beings. Photocatalytic experiments reveal that compound 1possesses of excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B.

Simultaneous sensitive and precise determination of multibiomarkers is of great significance for improving detection efficiency, reducing diagnosis and treatment expenses, and elevating survival rates. However, the development of simple and portable biosensors for simultaneous determination of multiplexed targets in biological fluids still faces challenges. Herein, a unique and versatile immobilization-free dual-target electrochemical biosensing platform, which combines distinguishable magnetic signal reporters with buoyancy-magnetism separation, was designed and constructed for simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in intricate biological fluids. To construct such distinguishable magnetic signal reporters with signal transduction, amplification, and output, secondary antibodies of CEA and AFP were respectively functionalized on methylene blue (MB) and 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol (FeC) modified Fe3O4@Au magnetic nanocomposites. Meanwhile, a multifunctional flotation probe with dual target recognition, capture, and isolation capability was prepared by conjugating primary antibodies (Ab1-CEA, Ab1-AFP) to hollow buoyant microspheres. The target antigens of CEA and AFP can trigger a flotation-mediated sandwich-type immunoreaction and capture a certain amount of the distinguishable magnetic signal reporter, which enables the conversion of the target CEA and AFP quantities to the signal of the potential-resolved MB and FeC. Thus, the MB and FeC currents of magnetically adsorbed distinguishable magnetic reporters can be used to determine the CEA and AFP targets simultaneously and precisely. Accordingly, the proposed strategy exhibited a delightful linear response for CEA and AFP in the range of 100 fg·mL–1–100 ng·mL–1with detection limits of 33.34 and 17.02 fg·mL–1(S/N= 3), respectively. Meanwhile, no significant nonspecific adsorption and cross-talk were observed. The biosensing platform has shown satisfactory performance in the determination of real clinical samples. More importantly, the proposed approach can be conveniently extended to universal detection just by simply substituting biorecognition events. Thus, this work opens up a new promising perspective for dual and even multiple targets and offers promising potential applications in clinical diagnosis.