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The article analyzes one of the Stepping Out and Stepping Up projects centering on the viewpoints of leaders of those tribal nations whose land was seized and sold to help found the Ohio State University. Topics analyzed in the project include awareness of tribal leaders towards Morrill Act of 1862 and its impact on traditional homelands, harms caused by the removal of tribes due to establishing the university and things that people associated with the university can do to heal harms.

The article discusses the publication of the Land-Grab Universities report in 2020, giving information about the foundation of the United States' original Land Grant universities, which provided details about amounts of land taken from specific tribal nations and meticulously documented sums of monies raised in the sale of those territories. The bill designed to create public universities in each state gave away territories from Native nations, typically by brute force or lopsided treaties.

Ranolazine is a novel anti-anginal agent acting through pharmacologic mechanism of inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current. In addition, it is a potent inhibitor of rapid delayed rectifier potassium currents, leading to prolongation of the QT interval. However, ranolazine has not yet described to be associated with Torsade de Pointesdespite its QT-prolonging effect. In this case report, we describe a patient on ranolazine who developed Torsade de Pointesand discuss about the potential contribution of ranolazine to the development of Torsade de Pointes.

We present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a potentially low-cost refractive-index sensor based on UV processing. A channel waveguide and a Bragg grating are defined in a single UV processing step, resulting in a buried structure with a well-defined grating period. A subsequent wet etch process located over the Bragg grating opens a sensing window in the device and reveals the grating structure. Sensitivity of as much as 5 × 10^−6 was inferred from our device.

To determine the frequency of bacteremia associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), we obtained blood cultures before, during, and after ERCP in 51 consecutive patients. Patients with radiographically demonstrated abnormalities in pancreatic and/or biliary ducts were routinely given antibiotic therapy after ERCP. Bacteremia after successful cannulation of the papilla of Vater was observed in only one patient with multiple strictures of the main pancreatic duct. No episodes of acute febrile illness was observed in any patient during the 48-hour follow-up period after ERCP. Our observations suggest that the risk of bacteremia from ERCP is minimal, and that any possibility of sepsis after ERCP in patients with abnormal pancreatic or biliary ducts may be prevented by administering appropriate antibiotics after the procedure.

We describe the theory of imaging by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) using a standard diffraction theory of imaging by coherent light. We demonstrate that, even with the phase-conjugating geometry, no aberration correction can be achieved by DFWM imaging. We demonstrate the coherent nature of DFWM image formation using spatially modulated signals generated in flame OH in the phase-conjugating geometry. The intensity distribution in the Fourier plane of a telecentric lens system is shown to be the spatial Fourier transform of the object distribution characteristic of coherent imaging. The brightness of the DFWM signals exceeds that of similar laser-induced fluorescence signals that can be discriminated by restricting the aperture of the imaging system while still allowing a spatial resolution of approximately 70 µm. DFWM imaging with the forward-folded boxcars geometry is demonstrated and used in a simple referencing scheme to compensate for structure on the images imposed by nonuniformity of the laser beams employed. Images formed in NO are used to illustrate that structure on a scale of less than 100 µm arising from beam inhomogeneity can be removed by this referencing technique.

Interpretation of published data for the Patuxent River, Maryland, indicates that for most of the year the total biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton was inadequate to meet the minimum energy needs of ctenophores and jellyfish.

Fourteen species of motile pennate diatoms obtained from a Georgia salt marsh were cultured under uniform conditions (19°—20°C, 16,000—23,000 lux) in soil—water medium at salinities between 1 and 68 %. All species grew well over at least the range of 10 to 30%; several species grew well over the entire salinity range. At 20 % the division rate was either maximal or close to maximal. Diatom preconditioned to particular salinities in general divided at the same rate as those not preconditioned. Maximum rates for the 14 species ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 divisions/day. These maximum rates had highly significant correlations with both the logarithm of the cell volume and the square root of cell area/cell volume. Least squares regressions were computed for these relationships with volume expressed in µ3and area in µ2. Maximum number of divisions per day = 3.75 — 0.7 (log volume) =—0.01 + 1.64 (area/volume)½

The author argues that planning and saving for the future is a Native American value, citing personal experiences of saving, his work for the organization American Indian College Fund, and the advice of Native American Chief Red Cloud regarding consideration of future generations. It is said that long-range planning was used by Plains Indians and should be adopted by tribal college students.

The article presents a discussion about the history of Thanksgiving in the U.S. It is noted that the event is a celebration to thank and honor how the Indians helped the Pilgrims. Indians have long been celebrating during the time that Thanksgiving are held by Pilgrims. It is asserted that the first Thanksgiving was filled with happiness for the Pilgrims but for Indian communities, they were suffering. The first Thanksgiving was the time when the Indian communities were experiencing diseases, with some tribes becoming extinct.

The article identifies leadership qualities needed by the American Indian community and discusses challenges to leadership. These qualities include the ability to show respects to subordinates, ability to build relationships and great reasoning skills. Uniting subordinates and getting collective support are some of the major challenges to be addressed by leaders.

An excerpt from a keynote address given at the National Indian Education Association Conference is presented.

The article focuses on the current scenario of education of Indian students. The author raises his concern when he asks that whether Indian education would be left behind? The United States Government under President George Bush launched the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in April 2001 as a new educational initiative. According to the author, in a population that already has a 56% high school drop-out rate and over a century of educational failure, the "corrective actions" imposed by the new law are unrealistic for helping reservation schools achieve educational parity with their non-Native peers.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of probable ceftriaxone-induced acute pancreatitis.CASE SUMMARY: A patient with a history of short-bowel syndrome on home total parenteral nutrition developed fever, chills, and right flank pain. She was diagnosed with gram-negative catheter sepsis and prescribed antibiotic therapy to be administered for four weeks. After completion of the first week of therapy, the antibiotic regimen was changed to intravenous injections of ceftriaxone to be given daily at home. Prior to discharge the patient developed acute abdominal pain, leukocytosis, jaundice, and markedly elevated lipase and amylase concentrations consistent with acute pancreatitis. The patient's condition improved upon discontinuation of the ceftriaxone and the remainder of her stay was uneventful.DISCUSSION: There is only one other case report in the literature of probable ceftriaxone-induced pancreatitis. Multiple other medications have been implicated in causing acute pancreatitis. The exact mechanism of this uncommon adverse effect of ceftriaxone is unknown.CONCLUSIONS: There was a temporal relationship between the development of this patient's signs and symptoms and the administration of ceftriaxone. We could not identify any other factors that may have been responsible for the development of her acute pancreatitis. Ceftriaxone should be considered as a possible etiologic agent in patients who present with acute abdominal pain and elevated lipase and amylase concentrations.

A letter to the editor is presented on the celebration of the celebration of the American Indian College Funds 20-year anniversary held on October 28, 2009 in Denver, Colorado.

The author reflects on issues related to tribal colleges and higher education in the U.S. According to the author, cultural-and community-based education reforms as seen in the tribal college movement can serve as prototypes for success for other educators. He discusses the role of tribal colleges in providing health care services in rural areas.

The author reflects on how tribal colleges are changing the education of Indian students in the U.S. The author states the need to look at the history of Indian education to understand the impact of tribal colleges. The author also mentions the opportunity given by the passage of the Indian Self-Determination Act in 1992 to Indians. The author claims that tribal colleges have created a safe educational experience that supports Indian learning styles.

Groups of rats were maintained from weaning on copper-supplemented or copper-deficient diets. After 2, 4, 6, 8 or 12 weeks animals were killed, their hearts were removed and the solubility and phenotype composition of the collagen of the hearts was studied. In the hearts from the copper-supplemented animals 35 to 45% of the collagen could be extracted after two treatments with pepsin but up to 74% could be extracted from the hypertrophied copper-deficient hearts. Almost all of the increase in the soluble material was found in the first pepsin extract. Electrophoretic analysis of the extracts showed that in the copper-supplemented hearts the ratio of Type III/Type I collagen increased about threefold between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning but by 8 weeks it had returned to about the level found at 2 weeks and was maintained at this level to the end of the experimental period. In the copper-deficient hearts the ratio of Type III/Type I collagen had increased about fivefold by 6 weeks after weaning and from 8 weeks to the end of the experimental period it remained at two to three times the value found in the copper-supplemented hearts. There was an indication that the relative proportion of Type V collagen was reduced in the copper-deficient hearts. The possible significance of these results in relation to the known pathological effects of copper deficiency on the cardiovascular system is discussed.