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In childhood drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, the identification of a magnetic resonance imaging lesion significantly affects the management and prognosis, although it is often challenging. Herein we report the preliminary results of a modified MR sequence, in which both magnetization transfer and chemical shift selective preparation pulses are added to a 3D fast spin echo T1‐weighted sequence to recognize focal cortical dysplasia. The scan time is short, and the images have expected uniform suppression of the background normal gray and white matter. We report four children with focal epilepsy, in whom the focal cortical and subcortical lesions are superiorly conspicuous on the aforementioned MR sequence compared to the high‐resolution fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images obtained with typical epilepsy MR protocols.

This article describes and analyses quality assurance systems (QASs) in the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulated recycling industry. It is explained how the European Union sees EPR as an instrument to reduce waste and emissions. QASs could steer the recycling industry towards corporate sustainability and high-level value retention recycling, but it is unclear how current QASs function. This article fills this research gap. Policymakers and Producer Responsibility Organisations can use the results to improve QASs to increase sustainability and circularity in the EPR-regulated recycling industry. Research on this has been carried out through case studies that describe and analyse specific product groups. The QASs are assessed on their functioning in terms of how they work towards higher value retention options by increasing the level of cascading, and by assessing the implementation of corporate sustainability, including the incentive to improve business practices continuously. Besides, auditing processes are evaluated on whether they work towards recognised audit principles for good auditing. It is concluded that current QASs in the EPR-regulated recycling industry are not working towards higher value retention options and changes must be made to organise this. Four recommendations are given.

Background This study sought to identify factors that contribute to disparities in access to bariatric surgery in North Carolina (NC).Methods Using the rate of bariatric surgery in the county with the best health outcome as the reference, we calculated the Surgical Equity Index (SEI) in the remaining counties in NC.Results Approximately 2.95 million individuals (29%) were obese in NC. There were 992 (.5%) bariatric procedures performed on a population of 194 209 individuals with obesity in the Reference County (RC). The mean SEI for bariatric surgery in NC was .47 (SD .17, range .15-.95). A statistically significant difference was observed in 89 counties. Univariable analyses identified the following variables to be significantly associated with the SEI: percent of population living in rural areas (% rural) (relative rate change in SEI [RR] = .994, 95% CI .92-.997; <.0001), median household income (RR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0-1.0; P= .0002), prevalence of diabetes (RR = .947, 95% CI .917-.977; .0006), the primary care physician ratio (RR = .995, 95% CI .991-.998; P= .006), and percent uninsured adults (RR = .955, 95% CI .927-.985; P= .003). By multivariable hierarchical regression analysis, only the % rural remained statistically associated with a low SEI (RR = .995 per 1% increase in % rural, 95% CI = .992, .998; P= .0002).Discussion The percent rural is the most significant predictor of disparities in access to bariatric surgery. For every 1% increase in % rural, the rate of surgery decreased by .5%. Understanding the characteristics of rurality that are barriers to access is crucial to mitigate disparities in bariatric surgical access in NC.

ABSTRACTAI-powered misinformation detectors—artificial intelligence tools that identify false or inaccurate online content—have emerged as a potential intervention for helping internet users understand the veracity of the content they view. However, the algorithms used to create these detectors are experimental and largely untested at the scale necessary to be effective on a social media platform. Furthermore, the assumptions programmed into these algorithms frequently conflict with everyday, non-threatening online communication, potentially leading to unwarranted censorship. Consequently, understanding the current limitations of AI interventions for misinformation detection on the internet is important for developing better iterations of these tools and forming effective policies around them.

Current emotion research utilizes two primary frameworks: categorical and dimensional. Each framework offers unique insight, but also faces challenges in capturing the full spectrum of emotional experience. This study compares and integrates categorical and dimensional approaches to better understand their applications and limitations in emotion research, particularly in enhancing human-centered designs. Using Plutchik’s Wheel and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), 238 participants rated their emotional responses to AI- generated images of various driving scenarios. Subsequently, the categories of emotions were mapped into the valence and arousal space. The integration of categorical and dimensional models revealed significant variability in individual interpretations of different emotions, highlighting the complexity and non-uniformity of emotional experience. These findings suggest that emotions may require more than two dimensions for full representation. A multifaceted approach that combines both frameworks can offer a comprehensive understanding of emotions and is essential for developing effective, empathetic, human-centered applications.

The concept of adminigration provides a much-needed lens in theorizing immigration enforcement, citizenship, and urban geographies. We define adminigration as the governance of immigrant community members through city-level policies and programs, whether or not these explicitly focus on immigrants. Our focus on adminigration involves three theoretical interventions: (1) bridging literature on immigrant bureaucratic incorporation and crimmigration to situate city-level administrative practices within immigration policymaking; (2) a focus on how localized definitions of membership, as enacted by cities, produce citizenship, legality, and illegality, and (3) the argument that these practices play out in space, resulting in variegated urban landscapes that are better characterized as a network than a level. We develop these points through a review of the literature on bureaucratic incorporation, crimmigration, citizenship, and the spatialization of immigration policymaking. To illustrate the utility of this framework, we conclude with a case study of adminigration in a California city that we call “Mayville.”

Exporting waste for recycling to destinations without sound recycling capacity raises questions of fairness and sustainability. Due to insufficient recycling infrastructure in Europe to manage the growing generation of plastic waste, there has been an increase in waste trade for recycling in a complex global value chain, with the stated goal of achieving sound resource recovery. However, such trade poses increasing governance and sustainability challenges. The EU has implemented policies and systems for plastic waste management, including separate collection to prevent potential harm and promote resource reuse. Nevertheless, waste handling is often outsourced without transparency to countries with cheaper operating and labour costs, which can cause harm to individuals, societies, and the environment. Fifty per cent of the collected European plastic waste for recycling is shipped for recycling outside the EU without accountability. This Vietnamese case study of the EU plastic waste exports for recycling aims to increase our understanding of waste governance and its circularity, sustainability and justice implications. We adopt a multidisciplinary perspective to understand the challenges of the EU’s plastic waste export practices for the broader socio-ecological system. We propose a multidisciplinary framework as an ecocentric ethical guide for just and circular future waste shipment practices with strong consideration for the social and ecological dimensions. We hope that this research and its outcomes can provide insights for forthcoming policies, such as the United Nations treaty on plastic waste pollution.

The mechanism by which polymerase α–primase (polα–primase) synthesizes chimeric RNA-DNA primers of defined length and composition, necessary for replication fidelity and genome stability, is unknown. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of Xenopus laevispolα–primase in complex with primed templates representing various stages of DNA synthesis. Our data show how interaction of the primase regulatory subunit with the primer 5′ end facilitates handoff of the primer to polα and increases polα processivity, thereby regulating both RNA and DNA composition. The structures detail how flexibility within the heterotetramer enables synthesis across two active sites and provide evidence that termination of DNA synthesis is facilitated by reduction of polα and primase affinities for the varied conformations along the chimeric primer–template duplex. Together, these findings elucidate a critical catalytic step in replication initiation and provide a comprehensive model for primer synthesis by polα–primase.

Healthcare finance executives in the United States can take a lesson from an eye-opening book by Ted Giovanis, FHFMA, MBA, Beyond fear: How I fought the feds for six years--and [...]

While the conceptual underpinnings of the circular economy (CE) date back to the 1970s, the concept has recently become a major discourse in contemporary sustainability debates. The idea of CE, as it is now understood, is thus rather new and remains in conceptual development. Moreover, it is a contested concept with many different circular visions competing in the discursive sphere. Many researchers have evidenced that dominant CE propositions focus on technocentric solutions and do not address crucial social, political, and ecological implications. This opinion paper seeks to help address this gap by going to the root of the CE metaphor and asking: What do circles, cycles, and flows mean for an economy and a society? To answer this question, this article unpacks the idea of cycles, loops, and flows by analysing what socio-ecological cycles are most relevant for sustainability and circularity. It thus finds a set of seven cycles that are key to better understanding CE and its relation to human and planetary well-being (biogeochemical, ecosystem, resource, power, wealth, knowledge, and care cycles). This article then analyses how and whether dominant CE discourses currently address these cycles. This paper proposes the idea of a circular society as an umbrella concept that can help us better address the critical ecological, social, and political implications of a circularity transition. Moreover, this article develops a set of interrelated strategies to operationalise the circular society concept. This paper thus hopes to contribute to expanding the imaginary regarding the concept of circularity that can help the cross-pollination of ideas, solutions, and approaches to face the manyfold socio-ecological challenges of the twenty-first century.

Gustav Fechner’s 1860 delineation of psychophysics, the measurement of sensation in relation to its stimulus, is widely considered to be the advent of modern psychological science. In psychophysics, a researcher parametrically varies some aspects of a stimulus and measures the resulting changes in a human subject’s experience of that stimulus; doing so gives insight into the determining relationship between a sensation and the physical input that evoked it. This approach is used heavily in perceptual domains, including signal detection, threshold measurement, and ideal observer analysis. Scientific fields, such as vision science, have always leaned heavily on the methods and procedures of psychophysics, but there is now growing appreciation of them by machine learning researchers, sparked by widening overlap between biological and artificial perception [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Machine perception that is guided by behavioral measurements, as opposed to guidance restricted to arbitrarily assigned human labels, has significant potential to fuel further progress in artificial intelligence (AI).

The All of Us Research Program has prioritized the enrollment of people from backgrounds that are historically under-represented in medical research to bring precision medicine to the full diversity of the US population and to improve health outcomes for all.

The design talent at the drafting tables and the vision of Donald W. Douglas meant that the company was poised for its biggest success ever. Yet, by the early 1930s, [...]

The strategies employed by New York hospitals in establishing foundations to promote philanthropy provide some valuable perspectives for hospitals across the nation. Over the past few decades, the U.S. not-for-profit [...]

Graphical abstract:

Zusammenfassung: Die Lebertransplantation ist bei Kindern mit akutem und chronischem Leberversagen, metabolischen Lebererkrankungen und -tumoren die Therapie der Wahl. Bei den meist sehr kleinen Empfängern sind die Ressourcen größenkompatibler Vollorgantransplantate jedoch begrenzt. Die Leberlebendspende konnte bei Kindern die Wartelistenmortalität fast vollständig eliminieren und weist exzellente Patienten- und Organüberlebensdaten auf. Da 80% der kindlichen Empfänger ein Gewicht <25 kg haben, ist die Spende der linkslateralen Lebersegmente II und III meist ausreichend. Durch eine Standardisierung des chirurgischen sowie des prä-, intra- und postoperativen Managements konnte sie zu einem Verfahren entwickelt werden, welches eine sehr niedrige Spendermorbidität und -mortalität aufweist. Die kindliche Lebendspende-Lebertransplantation setzt eine hohe Expertise in der Leberchirurgie und Splitlebertransplantation voraus und erfordert aufgrund der komplexen und oft organübergreifenden Krankheitsbilder eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit einem erfahrenen pädiatrischen Team. Sie sollte deshalb ausschließlich in Transplantationszentren durchgeführt werden, die diese Voraussetzungen erfüllen.

The majority of lifetime smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, a critical period of brain development wherein neural circuits critical for mood, affect and cognition are vulnerable to drug-related insults. Specifically, brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus, are implicated in both nicotine dependence and pathological phenotypes linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies report that females experience higher rates of mood/anxiety disorders and are more resistant to smoking cessation therapies, suggesting potential sex-specific responses to nicotine exposure and later-life neuropsychiatric risk. However, the potential neural and molecular mechanisms underlying such sex differences are not clear. In the present study, we compared the impacts of adolescent nicotine exposure in male vs. female rat cohorts. We performed a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and targeted protein expression analyses along with matrix assisted laser deionization imaging (MALDI) immediately post-adolescent exposure and later in early adulthood. We report that adolescent nicotine exposure induced long-lasting anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, disrupted neuronal activity patterns in the mPFC-VTA network and molecular alterations in various neural regions linked to affect, anxiety and cognition. Remarkably, these phenotypes were only observed in males and/or were expressed in the opposite direction in females. These findings identify a series of novel, sex-selective biomarkers for adolescent nicotine-induced neuropsychiatric risk, persisting into adulthood.

Co-phase separation of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins drives the biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein granules. RNAs can also undergo phase transitions in the absence of proteins. However, the physicochemical driving forces of protein-free, RNA-driven phase transitions remain unclear. Here we report that various types of RNA undergo phase separation with system-specific lower critical solution temperatures. This entropically driven phase separation is an intrinsic feature of the phosphate backbone that requires Mg2+ions and is modulated by RNA bases. RNA-only condensates can additionally undergo enthalpically favourable percolation transitions within dense phases. This is enabled by a combination of Mg2+-dependent bridging interactions between phosphate groups and RNA-specific base stacking and base pairing. Phase separation coupled to percolation can cause dynamic arrest of RNAs within condensates and suppress the catalytic activity of an RNase P ribozyme. Our work highlights the need to incorporate RNA-driven phase transitions into models for ribonucleoprotein granule biogenesis.

The physicochemical properties of molecular crystals, such as solubility, stability, compactability, melting behaviour and bioavailability, depend on their crystal form1. In silico crystal form selection has recently come much closer to realization because of the development of accurate and affordable free-energy calculations2–4. Here we redefine the state of the art, primarily by improving the accuracy of free-energy calculations, constructing a reliable experimental benchmark for solid–solid free-energy differences, quantifying statistical errors for the computed free energies and placing both hydrate crystal structures of different stoichiometries and anhydrate crystal structures on the same energy landscape, with defined error bars, as a function of temperature and relative humidity. The calculated free energies have standard errors of 1–2 kJ mol−1for industrially relevant compounds, and the method to place crystal structures with different hydrate stoichiometries on the same energy landscape can be extended to other multi-component systems, including solvates. These contributions reduce the gap between the needs of the experimentalist and the capabilities of modern computational tools, transforming crystal structure prediction into a more reliable and actionable procedure that can be used in combination with experimental evidence to direct crystal form selection and establish control5.

Many older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia die or cannot undergo allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) due to toxicity caused by intensive chemotherapy. We hypothesised that replacing intensive chemotherapy with decitabine monotherapy could improve outcomes.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with locally advanced non–human papillomavirus (HPV) head and neck cancer (HNC) carry an unfavorable prognosis. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with cisplatin or anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody improves overall survival (OS) of patients with stage III to IV HNC, and preclinical data suggest that a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor dual EGFR and ERBB2 (formerly HER2 or HER2/neu) inhibitor may be more effective than anti-EGFR antibody therapy in HNC. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether adding lapatinib, a dual EGFR and HER2 inhibitor, to radiation plus cisplatin for frontline therapy of stage III to IV non-HPV HNC improves progression-free survival (PFS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial enrolled 142 patients with stage III to IV carcinoma of the oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, and hypopharynx with a Zubrod performance status of 0 to 1 who met predefined blood chemistry criteria from October 18, 2012, to April 18, 2017 (median follow-up, 4.1 years). Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2020, to December 4, 2020. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized (1:1) to 70 Gy (6 weeks) plus 2 cycles of cisplatin (every 3 weeks) plus either 1500 mg per day of lapatinib (CRT plus lapatinib) or placebo (CRT plus placebo). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was PFS, with 69 events required. Progression-free survival rates between arms for all randomized patients were compared by 1-sided log-rank test. Secondary end points included OS. RESULTS: Of the 142 patients enrolled, 127 (median [IQR] age, 58 [53-63] years; 98 [77.2%] male) were randomized; 63 to CRT plus lapatinib and 64 to CRT plus placebo. Final analysis did not suggest improvement in PFS (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.56-1.46; P = .34) or OS (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.61-1.86; P = .58) with the addition of lapatinib. There were no significant differences in grade 3 to 4 acute adverse event rates (83.3% [95% CI, 73.9%-92.8%] with CRT plus lapatinib vs 79.7% [95% CI, 69.4%-89.9%] with CRT plus placebo; P = .64) or late adverse event rates (44.4% [95% CI, 30.2%-57.8%] with CRT plus lapatinib vs 40.8% [95% CI, 27.1%-54.6%] with CRT plus placebo; P = .84). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In this randomized clinical trial, dual EGFR-ERBB2 inhibition with lapatinib did not appear to enhance the benefit of CRT. Although the results of this trial indicate that accrual to a non-HPV HNC-specific trial is feasible, new strategies must be investigated to improve the outcome for this population with a poor prognosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01711658

With all the talk of the dangers of hacking and the importance of addressing the wide range of cyberrisks facing every organization, it is understandable that many have reached the [...]

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are often difficult to manage due to variations in phenotypes and lack of universal treatments. Targeted therapy can be expedited once a monogenic cause or abnormal pathway is identified.

Good's syndrome (GS) is the association of thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia. However, there is little consensus regarding diagnosis and definitions. Further characterization of GS and immunological outcomes is needed.

During the late 2010s, the undocumented immigrant youth movement embraced inclusive and intersectional representations. Directly impacted activists deconstructed language and symbolic categories that excluded. However, their movement continued to stratify activists along representational lines. This article combines theories of intersectionality and symbolic power to develop the concept of “representational hierarchy.” Producing representations requires legitimacy, and the resources needed for legitimacy (i.e., symbolic capital) are unevenly distributed to activists. Activists in possession of these resources can rise to the top and exert control over the means of representation. Dominant activists enforce representations and their positioning through coercive (“calling out”) and consensual (“calling in”) mechanisms. Our project employs ethnographic data from two periods of investigation: 2011–12 and 2018. The data include interviews with new and experienced activists, analysis of movement documents, and 400 hours of participant observations. For this specific article, we draw mostly on interviews conducted in 2018.

Monday, June 8th; 7:15 PM I was watching the evening news at home with my wife. The prison escape led the news on almost every channel. The manhunt was in [...]

You've probably suspected Ibis but more than one-quarter (29%) of employees are actively looking for a new job at a different organization, while that figure is down from 33% from [...]

Giving USA released its annual giving survey for 2020 in June 2021, and it was interesting to see that religious giving was up 1% to $131 billion compared to 2019. [...]

During the lead-up to World War II and early German campaigns, the world viewed the Nazi regime as a well-disciplined organization, carrying out Adolf Hider's will with precision and accuracy. [...]

The strong CO ligand vibrations of an octahedral complex, fac-[Re (CO)3(bpy)(CH3CN)]+, in acetonitrile are observed at 2040 and 1932 cm–1. Facial rhenium tricarbonyl systems offer very strong and isolated CO vibrations with the potential for interactions between these vibrations. This work first identifies the dominant ion-pair species using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) absorption spectra on a dilution series and then determines the strength of these CO ligand vibrations (as isolated vibrations) with a combination of ATR-IR and etalon-based measurements that determine the absolute complex index of refraction of the solution. Finally, the etalon experiments are modeled to study the interaction between vibrations, which is a property not embedded in the solution’s complex index of refraction. The ATR-IR spectra are accomplished on a dilution series as well as a larger set of spectra as these solutions evaporated. The A′(1) CO ligand band at 2040 cm–1is fit with a sum of three Lorentzian functions characterizing the distribution of free, solvent-separated, and contact ion pairs of this octahedral complex vsconcentration. The other CO ligand band at 1932 cm–1is broader and complicated by the dynamics of vibrational interactions, the unresolved splitting of the A′(2) and A″ CO vibrations, and ion-pair speciation. The etalon transmission measurements vsangle were on a 0.029 M solution, and Rabi splittings of 19 and 38 cm–1were observed for the A′(1) CO vibration and the unresolved A′(2) + A″ CO vibrations, respectively. The great strength of the CO ligand vibrations is evident despite the use of a dilute solution. Integrated band intensities are reported in comparison to hybrid density functional calculations for isolated vibrations. Then, the observed Rabi splittings are modeled to obtain the coupling strength of the CO ligand vibration with etalon cavity modes and with each other. In summary, this work develops a method to determine the concentration of these solutions from the ATR-IR spectrum, characterizes the ion-pairing, shows that the index of refraction is not constant in the IR spectral region of interest, and develops an interaction Hamiltonian that characterizes cavity–vibration and vibration–vibration coupling.

ABSTRACTThe relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported ). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported ). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

• Severe plastic deformation (SPD) effect on hydrogen storage in magnesium is reviewed. • Mg-based hydrogen storage materials suffer from kinetic and thermodynamic drawbacks. • SPD improves the kinetics, activation, and air resistance of Mg by lattice defect generation. • SPD synthesizes alloys with thermodynamics suitable for low-temperature hydrogen storage. Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides, but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, such as equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT), intensive rolling, and fast forging, have been widely used to enhance the activation, air resistance, and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects. These severely deformed materials, particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles, can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability. It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing. Moreover, the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage, such as nanoglasses, high-entropy alloys, and metastable phases including the high-pressure γ-MgH 2 polymorph. This work reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferritic stainless steels armored with borides had their endurance tested in demanding both abrasive and corrosive environment. The degradation was investigated through a very aggressive plate-on-cylinder wear test in water-based drilling mud containing chlorides, which was designed to simulate, in laboratorial scale, the corrosive tribosystem found in the wear of risers and casings used in deep water oil exploitation. A commercially-grade 430 ferritic stainless steel containing boron content far beyond its solubility limity, namely 1.2 and 3.5 wt.%, was processed by spray-forming to induce a ferritic stainless steel matrix protected by a boride skeleton. Additional corrosion assessment was performed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.27 M KCl solution, since KCl is a common clay swelling inhibitor. For comparison, API 5L X80 steel was also included since this material is used in risers and casings manufacture. The addition of boron (1.2 and 3.5 wt.%) led to the formation of microstructures composed of an α-ferrite matrix with homogeneously distributed M2B-type borides of different morphologies. Electrochemical tests revealed high corrosion resistance of the alloy with 1.2 wt.% B. However, the alloy with 3.5 wt.% B showed a considerable decrease in corrosion resistance due to Cr-depletion of the ferritic matrix given the M2B formation richer in Cr. Therefore, the alloy with 1.2 wt.% B offered the best tribocorrosion resistance.