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The article focuses on the possibility that the annual average global temperature to exceed above pre-industrial levels temporarily for at least once in the next five years, according to a report released by the World Meteorological Organization. Topics discussed include forecasts on the global mean near-surface temperature for each year from 2024 through 2028, the impacts of climate change, and predictions of sea-ice for March 2024 to 2028.

• A novel compound, La 3 Mg 2 SbO 9 (LMS), was synthesized for the first time and utilized as the host material for Mn4+-doped phosphors. The dual functionality of the phosphor in temperature and pressure sensing applications was explored. • A comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the LMS:Mn4+ phosphor's temperature response at both low and high temperatures was conducted. Utilizing a lifetime-based readout method, excellent thermometric performance was achieved, with a sensitivity of 2.52 % K−1 at 391 K. • In the application of luminescent manometry, the LMS:Mn4+ phosphor demonstrates not only high pressure sensitivity (Sr = 1.20 nm/GPa, which is about 3.3 times that of the conventional ruby probe) but also excellent resistance to pressure-induced spectral broadening (FWHM remained 37 nm at 9.48 GPa). The principle of stress-induced spectral redshift in LMS:Mn4+ phosphor has also been discussed. Photoluminescent materials, serving as optical probes, constitute a significant medium for reliable remote sensing of fundamental state parameters such as temperature and pressure. Herein, we report a novel Mn4+-activated perovskite-type La 3 Mg 2 SbO 9 phosphor (LMS:Mn4+) for bifunctional application in both thermometry and manometry. Upon excitation with 341 nm, LMS:Mn4+ (0.7 % Mn4+) emits a bright narrow-band red light peaking at 705 nm with an FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 32 nm. As a thermometer, when the temperature surpasses 298 K, non-radiative transitions from the 2E g excited state lead to a sharp decrease in decay lifetimes with increasing temperature. This allows for lifetime-based luminescence thermometry with a relative sensitivity of 2.52 % K−1 at 391 K. Moreover, LMS:Mn4+ was processed into a temperature-sensing coating and its non-contact thermometry functionality was validated. In manometry applications, the LMS:Mn4+ probe experiences substantial pressure-dependent redshift with a sensitivity of 1.20 nm GPa−1 in the testing range of 9.48 GPa, which is about 3.3 times that of conventional ruby probes. Furthermore, its FWHM consistently remains below 37 nm, which contributes to a high reliability of pressure measurements. The above results indicate that the LMS:Mn4+ constitutes a promising bifunctional luminescence probe material in thermometry and manometry. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The year 2024 is projected to be the first year on record where the average global temperature exceeds 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, a significant milestone in climate change. Various datasets indicate that temperatures are settling around this mark, primarily due to human-caused climate change and a recent strong El Nino pattern. While surpassing the 1.5°C threshold is a concern, it is not considered a breach of the Paris Agreement, which is judged on a 30-year average, with most models predicting the threshold to be exceeded in the early 2030s without immediate emissions cuts. [Extracted from the article]

The article from New Scientist discusses the alarming confirmation that the global average temperature in 2024 exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, breaking a significant limit set by the Paris Agreement. The text highlights the unexpected severity of this breach and warns of increasingly extreme weather events due to climate systems behaving unpredictably. Despite the concerning trends, there is a glimmer of hope in the potential for global action to address climate change, emphasizing the importance of every fraction of a degree of warming that can be prevented. [Extracted from the article]

This article compares the infotainment systems of the Skoda Superb and the Citroen C5 X. The Skoda Superb features a 13-inch touchscreen display with well-designed icons and quick response times. It also includes features such as wireless Apple CarPlay and physical buttons for commonly used functions. On the other hand, the Citroen C5 X has a 12-inch touchscreen display with customizable shortcuts and a physical home button. While the Citroen's system is intuitive, some sub-menus appear more fiddly and the screen is less responsive compared to the Skoda. In terms of standard kit, both cars offer a range of features such as LED headlights, parking sensors, and adaptive cruise control. In terms of fuel economy, the Skoda Superb performs well on long-distance cruises, achieving over 60mpg on motorways and averaging 48.6mpg overall. The Citroen C5 X, being a plug-in hybrid, performs best on longer runs but averages a less impressive 42.7mpg. The article concludes that the Skoda Superb is the winner, offering space, usability, and value for money, while the Citroen C5 X is a compelling choice for its ride comfort and unique design. However, the C5 X's PHEV powertrain is not as efficient as desired and comes with higher monthly finance costs. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the discussion on significant rise in Earth's average temperature since 1850, with a notable acceleration since 1982. Topics include record-breaking warmth of 2023, the impacts of increased heat on regional climates and ecosystems; and the methods used to calculate global average temperature.

The article focuses on the challenges of controlling blooming dates for primroses, exacerbated by unpredictable weather conditions during the 2023/24 season. It highlights experimental efforts by LVG Ahlem in Germany, to observe blooming behaviors of late-blooming varieties, revealing insights into the impact of temperature and light conditions on flowering times.

• We report a metastable Fe 48 Co 10 Cr 10 Mn 32 HEA with superior damping capacity (tan δ > 0.01) in a wide temperature range from −100 to 400 ℃ and high strength (σ b > 700 MPa) via metastability engineering. • We optimized the damping performance (tan δ ∼ 0.06) through manipulating the FCC-HCP martensitic transformation in the metastable Fe 48 Co 10 Cr 10 Mn 32 HEA. • We revealed that the confined martensitic transformation (FCC to HCP) is responsible for the decay of damping capacity of the HEA during cyclic testing. • High entropy effects in the HEA lead to the extended temperature regime of phase transformation and thereby the enlarged working temperature range of superior damping capacity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the critical role of trees in maintaining livable temperatures in urban areas, especially as climate change intensifies. Topics include the necessity of choosing heat-resistant tree species, the modeling of future climate impacts on various tree species in cities worldwide, and the efforts to identify and plant the most resilient trees to withstand extreme conditions by 2050.

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The article focuses on the importance of paying attention to small details that can significantly impact the overall massage experience for clients. Topics include maintaining clean and fresh sheets and lubricants, providing thoughtful amenities like robes and makeup-removing wipes, and creating a comfortable environment by managing room temperature, noise, and safety hazards.

• Hardness (H) and compressive yield strength (σ y) of Zr/Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) and its composites (BMGCs) are measured as a function of temperature (T). • BMGCs either have transforming and non-transforming β-Ti dendrites, referred to as BMGC-T and BMGC NT. • Constraint factor, H / σ y , of BMGCs is higher than that of BMGs in ambient conditions. • BMGC-T has the highest H / σ y amongst all crystalline and amorphous materials. • H / σ y increases with increasing t in BMG and BMGC NT but decreases for BMGC-T. • Pressure sensitivity of amorphous matrix influences h but both the dendrites and matrix contribute to σ y at all t. The constraint factor, C , defined as hardness, H , to the yield strength, σ y , ratio, is an indirect measure of the pressure sensitivity in materials. Previous investigations determined that while C is less than 3 for crystalline materials, and remains invariant with change in temperature, it is greater than 3 for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and increases with increasing temperature, below their glass transition temperature, T g. In this study, the variations in C for two BMG composites (BMGCs), which have an amorphous matrix and in situ precipitated crystalline β-Ti dendrites, which in one case transforms under stress to α"-Ti and deforms by slip in the other, as a function of temperature are examined and compared with that of a BMG. For this purpose, instrumented indentation tests, with a Berkovich tip, and uniaxial compression tests were performed to measure the H and σ y , respectively, on all alloys and their constituents at temperatures in the range of 0.48 T g and 0.75 T g. σ y and H of the BMGC with transforming dendrites (BMGC-T) increase and remain invariant with increasing temperature, respectively. Alternately, in BMG and the BMGC with non-transforming dendrites (BMGC NT), the same properties decrease with increasing temperature. BMGC-T has the highest C of ∼4.93 whereas that of BMGC NT and BMG are ∼3.72 and ∼3.28, respectively, at 0.48 T g. With increasing temperature, C of the BMG and BMGC NT increases with temperature, but that of the BMGC-T decreases. The values of C and their variations as a function of temperature were explained by studying the variation of pressure sensitivity of the amorphous phase and concluding that the plastic flow in BMGCs under constrained conditions, such as indentation, is controlled by the flow resistance of the amorphous matrix whereas that in uniaxial compression, which is only partially constrained, is controlled by plasticity in both the dendrites and matrix. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers medical news brief as of May 1, 2024. Topics discussed include the multifactorial challenge posed by Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the U.S. , highlighting its clinical, social, and economic burdens alongside its shifting epidemiology; the financial impact of CDI treatment, and the effectiveness of methotrexate for managing Chikungunya arthritis.

• [001] c -textured 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramics are fabricated through homoepitaxial TGG. • Enhanced d 33 ∼302 pC/N and g 33 ∼49.8 × 10−3 Vm/N are achieved without sacrificing t d. • Those d 33 and g 33 values are approaching or even higher than the single-crystal ones. • More ordered domains with facilitated switching behavior in the textured ceramics. Enhanced piezoelectric response was usually achieved in (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3 (BNT)-based ceramics with sacrifice of depolarization temperature T d , seriously limiting their usage range in electromechanical applications. In this work, we propose to explore piezoelectric anisotropy and domain engineering in composition & microstructure-controlled textured ceramics to resolve this issue. [001] c -textured 0.94(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3 –0.06BaTiO 3 (0.94BNT-0.06BT) ceramics with Lotgering factor F 001 ∼91% were fabricated through homoepitaxial templated grain growth (TGG) via using 0.94BNT-0.06BT microplatelet templates. The textured samples exhibited more ordered domains with facilitated domain switching behavior, being consistent with saturated high polarization achieved at lower electric fields. Increasing F 001 to above 60% enables rapid enhancement of piezoelectric response. Notably, compared to non-textured counterpart, the maximally textured ceramics exhibited ∼236% enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ∼302 pC/N) and ∼280% enhanced piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g 33 ∼49.8 × 10−3 Vm/N), together with slightly increased depolarization temperature (T d ∼106 °C). Moreover, those values are approaching or even higher than the single-crystal values. This work not only provides important guidelines for design and synthesis of novel textured ceramics with improved comprehensive electrical properties, but also can expand application fields of BNT-based ceramics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Geothermal energy, also known as geothermics, encompasses a wide range of applications. Topics include deep geothermal resources offer the potential for high-temperature heating suitable for various applications; and risk of unsuccessful drilling, pose formidable barriers for businesses, especially in the horticultural sector.

The article discusses the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) as a crucial tool for organizations to assess and manage heat stress risks by considering multiple environmental factors to ensure worker safety in extreme temperatures.

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Physicists at the University of Cambridge have achieved a temperature beyond absolute zero by manipulating the energy levels and quantum states of thousands of potassium atoms. This temperature, which is hotter than any positive temperature, could represent a new quantum state of matter. The researchers were able to arrange the atoms into a pattern called the Kagome lattice, where the atoms have no kinetic energy but interact with each other to obtain all of their energy. The properties and behavior of this new quantum substance are still unknown, but it could potentially exhibit exotic and rich quantum behaviors. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Plastverarbeiter is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A well-balanced performance of d 33 and T d is achieved in MnO 2 -doped 0.79(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3)-0.14(Bi 0.5 K 0.5 TiO 3)-0.07BaTiO 3 ternary ceramics with a mixture of T and pC phases. • The incorporation of 0.25 mol% MnO 2 enhances the d 33 by more than 40%, while T d remains almost unchanged (i.e., d 33 =181 pC/N, T d =184 °C). • Piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) has revealed a special domain configuration, namely large striped and layered macro domains embedded with small nanodomains. Lead-free Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) piezoelectric ceramics have the advantages of large coercive fields and high Curie temperatures. But the improvement of piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) is usually accompanied by a huge sacrifice of depolarization temperature (T d). In this work, a well-balanced performance of d 33 and T d is achieved in MnO 2 -doped 0.79(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3)-0.14(Bi 0.5 K 0.5 TiO 3)-0.07BaTiO 3 ternary ceramics. The incorporation of 0.25 mol% MnO 2 enhances the d 33 by more than 40%, while T d remains almost unchanged (i.e., d 33 =181 pC/N, T d =184 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that an appropriate fraction of the small axis-ratio ferroelectric phase (pseudo-cubic, P c) coexists with the long-range ferroelectric phase (tetragonal, T) under this MnO 2 doping. Piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) has revealed a special domain configuration, namely large striped and layered macro domains embedded with small nanodomains. This study provides a distinctive avenue to design BNT-based piezoelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric performance and temperature stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis as a therapeutic agent is increasing in popularity all around the globe, particularly in Western countries, and its potential is now well assessed. On the other hand, each country has its own regulation for the preparation of cannabis macerated oils; in Italy, there are only a few preparation methods allowed. With this work, we aim to perform a stability study of cannabis oils produced with a novel method for the extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis inflorescence. Three different varieties of cannabis were used, with and without the adding of tocopherol acetate as an antioxidant. Cannabinoids were extracted using ethanol at room temperature; then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the preparations reconstituted with olive oil. In this work, we assessed the stability of both cannabinoids and terpenes in these formulas over 8 months. Cannabinoid stability was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of THC and CBD, while terpene stability was assessed by monitoring β -Caryophyllene and α -Humulene concentrations. Stability of the extracts was not influenced by the presence of tocopherol acetate, though refrigeration seems to be detrimental for a long storage of products, especially regarding THC concentrations. The improvements offered by this method reside in the flexibility in controlling the concentration of the extract and the ability to produce highly concentrated oils, alongside the possibility to produce standardized oils despite the variability of the starting plant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements phenology of holobiotic fishes in a restored river in Mayenne. Movement is an essential component of the life cycle of holobiotic fish between spawning, feeding, refuge and growth areas and helps maintain populations in streams undisturbed by fragmentation. These movements were studied from 2019 to 2023 using a video-counting system integrated into a fish pass on a river where ecological continuity has been restored, the Vicoin, in Mayenne. A total of 954 fishes have been observed belonging to 12 species with a high proportion of individuals not determined (57.5%) mainly due to water turbidity. The movements occur during spring with more than 80% of annual observations concentrated, mostly upstreams (±75% of cases) over the period February to June with a median date between March 29 and May 27 depending on the year. No movements are detected during periods of low flow (summer) unlike autumn when movements are observed, at a lesser magnitude, mostly due to limits of the infraed fish counter and of the fish pass. Using a GLM (General Linear Model) model, flow, temperature and, to a lesser extent, rainfalls and photoperiod are the main factors most influencing the abundance of fish movements. This induces significant interannual variability in both phenology and abundance. The movements observed, which are not exhaustive, are nevertheless unprecedented on a small non-coastal river in western France. The spring migration patterns observed is globally similar with published studies on larger rivers. Monitoring will have to be continued and deepened by RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technique to better understand the origin and movements of all species and better evaluate, over the entire river, phenological and abundance changes with regard to the expected effects of climate change on a restored watercourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study characterizes hydroclimatic variability and change in peak streamflow and daily streamflow in Wisconsin from water years 1921 through 2020. Nonstationarity in peak streamflow in Wisconsin can include monotonic trends, change points, and autocorrelation. Spatial patterns of nonstationarity in peak streamflow, daily streamflow, and monthly precipitation, temperature, and snowfall were examined using four temporal periods. Upward trends in peak streamflow and daily streamflow were detected across the State, from around 1990 to 2020 and were likely predominantly driven by concurrent increases in precipitation and temperatures during this time. Earlier decreases in peak streamflow between the 1920s to the 1980s in the southern parts of the State were likely affected by nonclimate-related factors such as urbanization, water use, and land-use changes associated with agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of climate change on insurance coverage for climate-related liabilities. It highlights the challenges faced by insurers in accurately assessing their exposure to increasingly volatile weather patterns. Insurers have started using temperature exclusions to limit coverage for losses caused by extreme temperatures, but the interpretation of these exclusions is ambiguous and varies among insurers and courts. The article also examines the issue of whether greenhouse gases can be considered pollutants under pollution exclusions in insurance policies. The outcome of ongoing litigation related to these issues will have implications for insurers and policyholders in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Eating watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a traditional part of the Fourth of July holidays in the United States; however, growing watermelon in Missouri, USA for the local Fourth of July market requires an early growing season start (beginning of April) under protected culture because of low temperatures and the risk of freezing. Therefore, 'Yellow Doll' watermelon production was investigated under low tunnel (LT) and caterpillar high tunnel [HT (walk-in movable two-row tunnel)], and the economic feasibility was assessed by marginal analysis for both protected cultures. Planting in early April allowed harvest to start 1 to 2 weeks before the target market date. In addition, yield increased under HT in comparison with LT and open field (Op). Marginal analysis under the conditions of this study and prices obtained from local farmers' markets showed a positive marginal rate of return for HT in comparison with the control Op. The marginal rate of return sensitivity study suggests that differences in marketable yield of 300-400 and 200-250 lb/1200 ft2 are necessary under HT and LT, respectively, for the protected culture to be economically feasible with watermelon prices above $0.75/lb and/or $1.00/lb as obtained in local farmers' markets. Therefore, it is possible and there is potential to produce watermelon under protected culture for the local Fourth of July market. A gain in market share with potential premium prices for watermelon may increase the sustainability of small and medium-size specialty crop farmers in Missouri. To accomplish this, it is necessary to use early cultivars (70 to 80 days to maturity), plant in early April with transplants grown in greenhouses, and make sure to manage tunnels properly to maintain favorable growing conditions, protect against freezing temperatures and ensuring good pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article from Week Junior: Science + Nature discusses the construction of the Tara Polar Station, a scientific research base set to launch in 2025 in the Arctic. The station is designed to withstand extreme temperatures and will drift with the ice across the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. With a crew of 18 scientists in the summer months, the station will allow for the study of the rapidly changing environment of the Arctic Ocean. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the astronomers discovering a growing number of unusual supernovae. Topics include debris from the blast colliding with the cocoon producing an unusually bright and short-lived flash of light; stars forming in interstellar clouds of hydrogen gas where the force of gravity pulling part of the cloud inwards; and temperatures being high enough for hydrogen atoms to collide and stick together forming helium.

The article informs that weather projections have shown warmer-than-normal temperatures in the Eastern U.S. and colder-than-normal temperatures in the West, wherein early spring conditions would prevail along the East Coast and that prolonged winter would persist in the West. It mentions that subseasonal forecast requires so many calculations on so many variables that the exercise taxes even the most powerful supercomputers. It also mentions about effects of different climate circumstances.

Basel and Geneva have two of the longest meteorological records in Switzerland, covering more than two and a half centuries. The respective monthly temperature series were published over 60 years ago and are part of todays main global temperature data sets. After digitizing the raw sub-daily measurements, we rebuilt the early instrumental part (i.e., before 1864) of the two series at daily resolution using modern methods and additional data sources that were not considered in previous efforts. A comparison with the old series and with other existing recontructions show a generally good agreement only for the last 30 years. Before the 1830s a few systematic differences appear, particularly in summer, suggesting that both new and old versions contain residual inhomogeneities. We use the new series together with other reconstructions to analyze the periods 1791--1807 and 1808--1824, which have been described, respectively, as a warm and cold period in summer in previous studies. Our results suggest that most existing instrumental data sets tend to overestimate summer temperature in Switzerland during the former period, confirming previous results based on proxy records. The overestimation is particularly large (almost 1 °C) in the old Geneva series. On the other hand, we find a probable systematic underestimation of summer temperature in our Basel series. Before the 1780s the agreement between existing reconstructions is poor, so that it is hardly possible to make confident statements about climate variability for the first few decades covered by the series. Nevertheless, the daily resolution of the data allows an insight into individual meteorological events such as cold spells and heat waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the creation of a temperature rug, which uses fiber art to represent temperature data and explore the concept of climate change. The author wanted to create a rug that compared temperatures from 1922 to 2022 in the Washington, DC area to see if there was evidence of warming. They used different colors of yarn to represent temperature ranges and relied on data from the National Weather Service for their project. The author faced challenges in selecting colors, hooking the rug, and creating a graph and lettering. The finished rug is large and heavy, and the author hopes to exhibit it to spark discussions about climate change. [Extracted from the article]

Transient heat conduction is a common problem in engineering. However, related studies in anisotropic materials remain relatively scarce for their complexity, compared with isotropic ones. Benefiting from the use of the two cover systems, i.e., the mathematical cover and the physical cover, the numerical manifold method (NMM) provides a unified framework for both continuous and discontinuous analyses. Herein, the NMM is applied to solve transient heat conduction problems with anisotropic materials for continuous and discontinuous cases. Firstly, the fundamental formulas for anisotropic heat conduction are displayed. Then, the NMM approximations for heat conduction in continuous and discontinuous situations are given, and the discrete formulations are derived based on the Galerkin-form weighted residual method and solved by the backward difference scheme. Finally, typical numerical examples are conducted with non-conforming mathematical covers, and the results show that the proposed method can tackle both continuous and discontinuous unsteady anisotropic heat conduction problems with high accuracy and convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the summer of record-high temperatures in Maverick County, Texas, and its firefighters. It further discusses about Eagle Pass Fire Department, the only professional fire company and emergency medical service provider in the county; the National Fire Protection Association recommendations for firefighters; views of Fire Department Captain Manuel Roman, on issue; and Eagle Pass city budget includes money to hire six additional firefighters in fall.

Rising temperatures pose a threat to bumblebee nests, potentially contributing to the decline of bee species worldwide. Researchers have found that bumblebees prefer nest temperatures between 28°C and 32°C, and when temperatures exceed 36°C, the bees are unable to reproduce. The sensitivity of bee larvae to heat means that a single heatwave could wipe out an entire generation. While innovations like robotic climate control may help honeybee operations, they are not practical for wild bumblebees. It is important to address other threats to bumblebees and plant native wildflower gardens, but without addressing warming, bumblebees may face a challenging future. [Extracted from the article]

Fukuoka, Japan (SPX) Jan 12, 2024 In a study published in Science Advances, a group of researchers led by Associate Professor Nobuhiro Yanai from Kyushu University's Faculty of Engineering, in [...]

The article from Sky & Telescope discusses the Lyrid meteor shower that occurs in April, originating from Comet Thatcher. The shower peaks around April 22nd, with rates varying from 15 to 90 meteors per hour. Observers in the Northern Hemisphere are favored, but southern observers can also enjoy the display. The article also touches on the Moon's high and low points, influenced by its orbit and the ecliptic, providing a unique astronomical perspective for readers interested in celestial events. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) is responsible for monitoring climate and climate change in Germany. Regional mean temperatures for Germany since 1881 are derived from the measurements of the station network on a monthly basis. Here, we discuss methodologies to assess the temperature trend, compare it with the global trends and present an overview on tools that are used for the communication of results. Consistent to the increase in global temperatures, the mean temperature in Germany also increased considerably, especially during the last 5 decades. The linear trend of the period 1881 to 2022 is approx. +1.7 °C, but the warming accelerated within the last decade. Especially in the period since 1971, the warming rate per decade was three times higher (0.38 °C/decade) than for the period since 1881 (0.12 °C/decade). The temperature increase in Germany has been faster than in the global mean (linear trend 1971 to 2022: 0.18 °C per decade; for 1881 to 2022: 0.08° per decade). However, the temperature increase in Germany is comparable to the temperature increase over the global land area (also 0.12 °C/decade since 1881). For the period since 1971 the increase is faster for Germany than for the global land area (0.29 °C/decade). As a result of the accelerated warming, most years within the last decade had annual mean temperatures above the linear trend line (1881--2022) and the decade 2011 to 2020 was +2 °C warmer in Germany than the first 30 years of the analysis period (1881--1910). The 30-year period 1991 to 2020 was 1.5 °C warmer than the period 1881 to 1910. Several methods are used to communicate the results of the temperature analysis, mainly regular reports, internet portals and social media channels. The German Climate Atlas is a comprehensive interactive webbased tool that provides information on the observed climate in combination with information on model-based projections of future climate change for Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Malolactic fermentation (MLF), also known as malolactic conversion being a biochemical process. Topics include promoting the process, the wine's conditions, such as temperature and pH often adjusted to provide an optimal environment for the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria; and malolactic fermentation being a crucial bioconversion process in winemaking, transforming malic acid into lactic acid, carbon dioxide.

The article presents the discussion on rainfall and temperature decrease experienced in many Spanish wine regions during the second half of May and early June. Topics include recent rain showers being alleviated the water stress that vines have been facing, providing much-needed hydration and respite from the dry conditions; and decrease in temperatures accompanying the rain being beneficial.

Copyright of Plastverarbeiter is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is far from the first time Earth has experienced a temperature spike, so what can deep history tell us about what happens next, asks Graham Lawton [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses hurricanes and how they devastate communities. Topics discussed include winds that reach a certain speed that are categorized by meteorologists, how body moves at a certain speed by Earth's rotation and hurricane formation that depends upon temperature difference between cooler upper atmosphere and warm oceans.

The article discusses the latest album by British doom metal band Alunah, titled "Fever Dream." While doom metal fans typically appreciate bands that adhere to the traditional Sabbath-inspired sound, Alunah has taken a more versatile and inventive approach. The album showcases their sophisticated songwriting and incorporates elements of psychedelic rock, drawing inspiration from 70s rock. Vocalist/flautist Siân Greenway is praised for her charismatic performance, reminiscent of Grace Slick, while guitarist Mark Noble is recognized for his ingenious contributions. Overall, the article concludes that "Fever Dream" is Alunah's best album to date. [Extracted from the article]