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Rarely do you see an angler hatless. The beauty of the fishing hat is that it combines the necessary with the nonessential. When the weather is hot and sunny, a […]

Relationships between American mission organizations and Chinese house church pastors are currently facing increasing difficulty and strain. To date, the dominant metaphor for how these two members of Christ’s body have related has been partnership. Rising contextual and cultural pressures render partnership inadequate to withstand what familial bonds are more suited to endure. This article first considers the overall historical and cultural context of the relationship between western missionaries and unregistered Chinese churches. Following this is an explanation of two recurring factors which place ongoing strain on their relationship: rising nationalism and government persecution of Christians. Next, new factors which compound existing relational stressors are explored: shifting economic policies and theological brain drain. Finally, initial recommendations are put forth as to how these two groups might move forward living together as family.

With the wealth of lightweight three-season tents now on the market, a shelter no longer has to be the heaviest item in the pack. Each of these two-person nylon models, […]

Mountain breezes, including katabatic and anabatic flows, and temperature inversions are common features of forested mountain landscapes. However, the effects of mountain breezes on moisture transport in forests and implications for regional climate change are not well understood. A detailed, instrumented study was conducted from July to September 2012 in an even‐aged conifer forest in the Oregon Cascade Range to investigate how temperature profiles within the forest canopy influenced atmospheric surface layer processes that ventilate the forest. Subcanopy inversion strength has a bimodal relationship to subcanopy wind speed and moisture flux from the forest. On days with relatively modest heating of the top of the canopy and weak subcanopy inversions, above canopy winds more efficiently mix subcanopy air, leading to greater than average vertical moisture flux and weaker than average along‐slope, subcanopy water vapor advection. On days with strong heating of the top of the canopy and a strong subcanopy inversion, vertical moisture flux is suppressed, and daytime downslope winds are stronger than average under the canopy. Increased downslope winds lead to increased downslope transport of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other scalars under the canopy. Increasing summer vapor pressure deficit in the Pacific Northwest will enhance both processes: vertical moisture transport by mountain breezes when subcanopy inversions are weak and downslope water vapor transport when subcanopy inversions are strong. These mountain breeze dynamics have implications for climate refugia in forested mountains, forest plantations, and other forested regions with a similar canopy structure and regional atmospheric forcings. The summer and fall seasons in the Pacific Northwest are typically warm and dry, and solar radiation and locally generated breezes affect temperature and moisture content of air under the forest canopy. In forest plantations, which have uniform height, the sun heats the canopy and creates an inversion—an increase in temperature with height under the forest canopy. On days with strong canopy heating, this inversion limits moisture loss through the top of the canopy and enhances winds that flow downslope below the canopy, carrying moisture out of the system. On days with less canopy heating, winds mix air above and within the canopy and promote moisture loss to the air above the forest canopy. Regional models of future climate simulate declining dry‐season relative humidity. Collectively, these findings indicate that future climate will enhance both vertical and downslope moisture loss during the dry season from forest plantations, which represent a large fraction of forest cover of the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Summer daytime forest canopy heating produces a subcanopy inversion and downslope flow isolated from above‐canopy upslope airflowIncreased canopy inversions enhance both subcanopy wind speed and downslope water vapor advectionRegional climate change may increase moisture loss by subcanopy downslope advection and greater transpiration from even‐aged conifer forests Summer daytime forest canopy heating produces a subcanopy inversion and downslope flow isolated from above‐canopy upslope airflow Increased canopy inversions enhance both subcanopy wind speed and downslope water vapor advection Regional climate change may increase moisture loss by subcanopy downslope advection and greater transpiration from even‐aged conifer forests

The35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra ofp-dichlorobenzene in several clathrates are reported in the temperature range 77 K to room temperature. The information provided by this technique as to the nature of the guest-host interactions is discussed in the light of these results and it is concluded that NQR represents a useful technique in this context.

MONOCARPY, a single flowering phase followed by senescence and death, is a widespread phenomenon in seed plants, particularly field crops, whose large monocultures put on a dramatic display during their senescence phase1–4. In many, but apparently not all monocarpic species, defruiting or deflowering ,can prevent or at least delay monocarpic senescence and death1–4. For some species such as soybeans, the killing influence has been traced to the developing seeds5. The conspicuous correlation between the accumulation of nutrients in the developing fruit and the senescence (or apparent ‘exhaustion’) of the leaves (Fig. 1) has led to the sugegstion that developing fruits cause senescence by diverting or withdrawing needed nutrients or hormones from the leaves and other vegetative parts1–4. Here we explore the relationship between nutrient (or hormone) withdrawal or diversion and foliar senescence. Our data indicate that the development (accumulation of dry matter) of the seeds is separable from the senescence response in soybeans, and therefore the seeds may function as more than sinks.

The diffusion of Maxwell molecules in an unbounded host medium is considered in the case where the particle density is not conserved in consequence of removal events and through the influence of an external source. Heretofore undiscovered classes of similarity solutions of the corresponding nonlinear isotropic and homogeneous Boltzmann equation are presented and already discovered special solutions are classified in terms of Lie group constants and removal parameters. The conditions under which these homogeneous distribution functions do not violate positivity are discussed, and the restrictions upon the parameters of the underlying collision model are determined.

A moment method is applied to a model Boltzmann equation including an isotropic external source. The associated infinite system of first-order differential equations for the moments is solved exactly to the extent that analytical expressions for the generating function of the moments are derived. Due to a consequent application of Lie group methods the resulting functions are of the similarity form. Certain restrictions upon the shape of the source term arising from the solution strategy are discussed.

Zusammenfassung: Patienten und Methoden: Bei 481 orthopdischen Patienten wurden prospektiv insgesamt 500 Spinalansthesien randomisiert mit vier unterschiedlichen Kanlen durchgefhrt (Spinocan 26G und 27G mit Quincke-Schliff, Atraucan 26G und Whitacre 27G mit atraumatischer Spitze). Ergebnisse: 47 Patienten (9,4%) litten anschlieend unter postspinalen Kopfschmerzen. Das geringste Kopfschmerzrisiko bestand nach Punktion mit der Whitacre-Nadel (4,8%). Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Spinocan 26G (Kopfschmerzinzidenz 17,6%) einerseits und Spinocan 27G (6,4%; p < 0,01) bzw. Atraucan 26G (8,8%; p < 0,05) andererseits konnten die Bedeutung von Durchmesser bzw. Spitzenkonfiguration der Kanle verifizieren. Weitere Prdiktoren waren niedriges Lebensalter (p < 0,0005) und mehrmalige Punktion (p < 0,05). Die Dauer der postoperativen Flachlagerung hatte dagegen keinen Einflu auf die Kopfschmerzgenese. Schlufolgerungen: Um das Risiko des postspinalen Kopfschmerzes zu minimieren, sollten nach Mglichkeit grundstzlich dnne, atraumatische Spinalnadeln verwendet werden. Die postoperative Immobilisation dagegen ist als Prophylaxe ungeeignet und stellt eine vermeidbare Belastung fr Patient und Personal dar.

Es wird das vom Ortsradius und von der Zeitvariablen abhängige Geschwindigkeitsfeld von Strömungen im Ringraum zwischen zwei konzentrischen Kreiszylindern nach plötzlichem Abbremsen des Innenzylinders bestimmt und für einige Durchmesserverhältnisse angegeben. Der Grenzfall mit verschwindendem Durchmesser des Innenzylinders wird näher untersucht. Für diesen werden neben dem Geschwindigkeitsfeld die wesentlichen mechanischen Größen der Strömung, wie Wirbelstärke, Spannungen, Kräfte sowie Arbeiten bzw. Energien, berechnet und zu denen des Hamel-Oseen-Wirbels in Beziehung gesetzt.

Recession analysis is widely used for characterizing aquifer and basin properties based on the falling limb of the hydrograph. However, recession analysis using streamflow discharge requires a relationship (the rating curve) between simultaneous measurements of water height, h, and discharge, Q, across a wide range of flows, which is expensive to obtain, and changes in time. We leverage the relationship between hand Q(typical power law) to perform recession analysis using hdirectly, thus permitting identification of transient flow regimes, where only his available. Recession analysis evaluates the rate of change in discharge, −dQ/dt, as a function of discharge, Q, in a bilogarithmic plot where the slope, b, contains information about aquifer characteristics. While values of bare not conserved when replacing Qwith h, we find that the variability in values of bwithin and between events is captured in recession analysis for both Qand h. For example, when considering individual recessions from a large number of watersheds, a change from a smaller bat high discharge/stage to a larger bat lower discharge/stage occurs in most watersheds and suggests a transition to a more long‐lasting, and less drought‐sensitive, baseflow regime. With the advent of low‐cost reliable pressure loggers, as well as satellites that provide global reporting of river stage, recession analysis using water height expands the number of river systems where recession analysis can be conducted and provides the potential for insights into the variability of watershed drainage characteristics without the need for a discharge record. Using water height in place of discharge for recession analysis preserves general characteristics of the recession curveAn analytical expression equating the power law exponents of water height and discharge is given when the rating curve is a power lawThe ratio of power law exponents for individual recessions at high and low water heights can identify a transition in streamflow regimes

Étudier les valeurs diagnostiques du dosage de la parathormonémie (PTH) réalisée au moment de la fermeture cutanée pour prédire l’hypocalcemie postopéraoire après thyroïdectomie totale ou totalisation.

X-ray lasers offer new possibilities for creating and probing extreme states of matter. We used intense and short x-ray pulses from the FLASH soft x-ray laser to trigger the explosions of CH4 and CD4 molecules and their clusters. The results show that the explosion dynamics depends on cluster size and indicate a transition from Coulomb explosion to hydrodynamic expansion in larger clusters. The explosion of CH4 and CD4 clusters shows a strong isotope effect: The heavier deuterons acquire higher kinetic energies than the lighter protons. This may be due to an extended inertial confinement of deuterons vs. protons near a rapidly charging cluster core during exposure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]