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Animal agriculture is under pressure to increase efficiency, sustainability, and innovation to meet the demands of a rising global population while decreasing adverse environmental effects. Feed cost and availability are 2 of the biggest hurdles to sustainable production. Current diets depend on sources of grain and animal byproduct protein for essential amino acids which have limited sustainability. Insects have arisen as an attractive, sustainable alternative protein source for animal diets due to their favorable nutrient composition, low space and water requirements, and natural role in animal diets. Additionally, insects are capable of bioremediating waste streams including agricultural and food waste, manure, and plastics helping to increase their sustainability. The insect rearing industry has grown rapidly in recent years and shows great economic potential. However, state-of-the-art research is urgently needed to overcome barriers to adoption in commercial animal diets such as regulatory restrictions, production scale issues, and food safety concerns. To address this need, the USDA Agricultural Research Service “MINIstoc: Model for INsect Inclusion” project was created to bring together diverse scientists from across the world to synergistically advance insect meal production and inclusion in animal diets. Here, we provide a short review of insects as feed while describing the MINIstock project which serves as the inspiration for the Journal of Economic Entomology Special Collection “Insects as feed: sustainable solutions for food waste and animal production practices.”

Over the past 2 decades, the potential of insects as food and feed has been recognized globally. Insects as feed ingredients can improve sustainability because of their lower greenhouse gas emissions and their potential to transform organic wastes into high-quality feed rich in nutrients. However, currently, the practical use of insects as food or feed is limited by the high costs of insect production. A great deal of effort is required to improve the rearing technology necessary to establish the principles of insect farming. Several insect species have become industrialized using existing methods of production. The most common industrialized insect species intended as feed and food include the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitorL. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); the house cricket, Acheta domesticusL. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae); the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucensL. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae); and the house fly, Musca domesticaL. (Diptera: Muscidae). This review focuses on describing the existing rearing methods for these 4 insect species, which may provide a basis for future research to enhance insect production capabilities.

Insect manure or “frass” has emerged as an alternative nutrient source for alleviating the dependence on fossil fuel-based fertilizers, reducing food waste, and promoting food security. Yet, research on insect frass chemical composition is in its infancy. Here, we assessed the chemical properties of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitorL.) frass compared with poultry litter (PL). Insect frass was obtained from the National Biological Control Laboratory (NBCL; IF-L) and an insect-rearing company (IF-C). PL was collected from facilities in Arkansas (PL-AR) and North Carolina (PL-NC). Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, macro- and micronutrients, heavy metals, pathogens, and indicator microorganisms. On average, insect frass had 43% and 47% higher C and N than PL, respectively (P< 0.05). Considering a 5 mg/ha application rate, IF-C can supply 159 kg N/ha, twice the N supply of PL-AR (78 kg/ha). IF-L had a 53% higher P supply than PL-NC. Mean K, Ca, S, and micronutrient contents were higher in PL than in frass (P< 0.05), whereas As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were nearly absent in frass. Chemical composition and pathogens in fertilizer sources were largely affected by insect-rearing substrate and supplements used in poultry and insect production. Insect frass utilized in this study had optimum C and N rates relative to PL, suggesting a promising soil amendment for improving soil health and C sequestration, thus contributing to sustainable agricultural intensification and reuse of food waste in circular economies.Graphical Abstract

Mycotoxins that contaminate grain can cause the devaluation of agricultural products and create health risks for the consumer. Fumonisins are one such mycotoxin. Produced primarily by Fusarium verticillioides (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) (Nirenberg, 1976)on corn, fumonisins’ economic impact can be significant by causing various diseases in livestock if contaminated corn is not monitored and removed from animal feed. Finding safe alternatives to the destruction and waste of contaminated grain and restoring its economic value is needed for a sustainable future. Safe reintroduction into the farm food web may be possible through a consumable intermediary such as insects. This study demonstrates the suitability of the house cricket, Acheta domesticusL., as an alternative protein source in domestic animal feed by quantifying fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels in their subsequent insect meal and frass. Small colonies of 2nd instar A. domesticuswere reared to 5th instar adults on nutrient-optimized corn-based diets treated with 4 levels of FB1from 0 to 20 ppm. Increasing levels of FB1had no adverse effects on the survivorship or growth of A. domesticus. Insect meals prepared from A. domesticushad significantly lower levels of FB1, at 3%–5% of their respective diets, while frass did not differ significantly from their diet. The successful rearing to adulthood of A. domesticuson fumonisin-contaminated diet paired with lower levels of FB1in their processed insect meal supports the idea that more sustainable agricultural practices can be developed through remediation of low-value mycotoxin-contaminated grain with safer, higher-value insects as livestock feed components.

We analyze a case study of output-feedback stabilization of an unobservable equilibrium. The problem involves achieving two conflicting goals: to estimate the unmeasured states, for which the system must a priori operate in an oscillatory regime, and to stabilize an equilibrium asymptotically. To overcome this quandary we propose a novel hybrid controller that generates a piecewise constant dwindling reference designed to make the system operate in an oscillatory, yet asymptotically stable, regime. The controller relies on a previously proposed switching observer, for which we provide an original analysis of exponential convergence.

AbstractAttraction water for fishways is typically introduced through a diffuser inside the entrance channel, often through the floor or wall. In the spring of 2019, this laboratory study examined how 151 adult American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) responded to different gross velocities through a wall diffuser inside a full-scale fishway entrance channel. Two velocity conditions were studied, 0.152 m/s and 0.305 m/s, both without turning vanes inside the auxiliary water channel. The fish were tracked using the passive integrated transponder telemetry technique. The results of the experiments showed no difference in American Shad behavior when exhibited to the low and high velocity treatments. Moreover, shad passed the diffuser in roughly 3 out of every 4 attempts, regardless of the treatment. However, the similarity in shad behavior and passage performance is believed to be more of a result of the similarity in flow fields that resulted from the lack of flow guidance devices inside the auxiliary water channel. These findings therefore highlight the importance of properly maintained flow guidance devices, an often-overlooked component of an auxiliary water system.

ABSTRACT During the last decades, industrial by-products and wastes recycling as complementary building materials is focusing a large number of researching studies, most of them dedicated to the cement and [...]

Among heavy metals, hexavalent Cr(VI), a potent carcinogen, is one of the most common residues generated by the mining and textile industry, causing a severe impact on the environment, animals, and human health. In this work, magnetic membranes based on chitosan and magnetite nanoparticles were prepared, and their performance in removing Cr(VI) from water was evaluated. Chitosan was obtained from shrimp shell waste, while magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the TREG-mediated solvothermal method. Materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, DLS, and SEM–EDS. Quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 10 nm size were obtained with relatively low agglomeration and good magnetization (65 emu/g) properties. The membranes containing 4.8% w/w of magnetic NPs removed up to 90% of Cr(VI) from water after 40 min. These results suggest that a good dispersion of these magnetic nanostructures within the chitosan matrix generates a composite membrane with a homogeneous distribution of biosorption sites useful for Cr(VI) aqueous remotion. The elemental analysis combined with the micrographs indicated that adsorbed chromium was only present where Fe3O4NPs were located and nowhere else. Importantly, after Cr(VI) remotion, the chitosan membranes were degraded by Beauveria spand Nomureae spfungi, showing the complete process of formation-biosorption-degradation in a couple of weeks.

High abundance of hematophagous mosquitoes of the genus MansoniaBlanchard, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) threatens human and domestic animal health and well-being. Knowledge of the biology of nuisance mosquito species is necessary to understand specific ecological and biological factors to enable rapid and effective monitoring measures for sustainable control programs. The establishment and dispersion of Mansoniaspecies are associated with the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes species, which are indispensable for the development of larvae and pupae. To increase knowledge of the host plants for Mansoniaimmature stages in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil, specimens of four plant species, which occur across the tributaries of the Madeira River were sampled and inspected for the presence of egg batches, larvae, and pupae. A total of 1,386 larvae and pupae of Mansoniaspp. were collected attached to the roots of Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae), Pistia stratiotesL. (Alismatales: Araceae), and Limnobium laevigatum(Humb. and Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Heine (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae). The novel association of Mansoniaspecies with L. laevigatumis presented. Egg batches of Mansoniaspp. were found only on Salvinia molestaD.S. Mitch. (Salviniales: Salviniaceae).Possible differences in the roles played by E. crassipesand S. molestain the reproductive cycle of Mansoniaspp. in the surveyed area are discussed. All species of host plants including E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, S. molesta,and L. laevigatumshould be considered when planning macrophyte management for the control of Mansoniaspecies.

•HRMA was used for the characterization of Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus.•This methodology allowed the differentiation between haplotypes 1, 2–3, 4 and 5.•Characterization results were compared with those obtained previously by sequencing.•The concordance between HRMA and sequencing was of 97.49%.

Impact cratering is one of the most important processes shaping planetary surfaces, offering valuable clues about the target body's geologic history and composition. However, crater mapping has historically been done manually, a process that has proven to be both arduous and time consuming. This paper outlines a machine learning crater mapping approach for bodies with limited elevation data available (Digital Elevation Models). We applied a Convolutional Neural Network for the detection and morphometry of impact craters on Saturn's moon Enceladus using light‐shadow labels trained on data from the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem. Our algorithm identified a total of 5,240 features which were used to quantify crater distribution; this included the highest number of small craters (<1–2 km in diameter) recorded on Enceladus by any previous published study. The pool of features was later down‐selected to craters between 0 and 30°N (latitude) imaged at high incidence (>60°) and phase angles (>26°). The down selection was necessary to accurately perform diameter measurements and derive depths from shadow estimation techniques to calculate depth–diameter ratios (d/D); a well‐studied relationship used to constrain planetary surface properties. Results show that the d/Dratio of craters in the equatorial region of Enceladus range from ∼0.06 to 0.37, with a median of 0.19. Our results will inform efforts to constrain the surface properties of this region of Enceladus, potentially also supporting future mission concept design for the Saturnian moon. Future work will explore the simple‐to‐complex crater transition and differences between this area's d/Dand Enceladus' northern and southern latitudes. Saturn's moon Enceladus epitomizes the statement “tiny but mighty.” A mere ∼500 km in diameter, this body boasts a remarkable array of diverse terrains, a subsurface ocean, and is a strong candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life. As such, it is no surprise that it was named a top research priority in the 2023–2032 Planetary Decadal Survey. The study of impact craters is regarded as one of the most important tools in the study of planetary surfaces, providing insights into the history of celestial bodies. However, traditional manual approaches have proven to be arduous and time intensive. Motivated by the abundance of Cassini mission imagery, the lack of updated studies of Enceladus' cratered terrains and seeking a method to avoid intensive hand‐mapping, we developed a machine learning approach for crater identification and morphometry determination on Enceladus. This approach recorded more smaller craters (<1–2 km in diameter) on Enceladus than any previous published study and supports a history of intense geologic activity and heat flow in the leading and trailing hemispheres. Our method also allowed us to calculate the depth‐diameter relationship for craters in the equatorial region, a relationship that will inform the community's knowledge of the geological characteristics of the region. Crater counting and identification provides information about a planet's history and properties, but is time‐consuming when done by handWe used a machine learning approach to map over 5,000 craters on the surface of Enceladus, using highlight‐shadow labelsWe present the depth–diameter ratio for craters on Enceladus' equator to aid future efforts to constrain surface properties of the region Crater counting and identification provides information about a planet's history and properties, but is time‐consuming when done by hand We used a machine learning approach to map over 5,000 craters on the surface of Enceladus, using highlight‐shadow labels We present the depth–diameter ratio for craters on Enceladus' equator to aid future efforts to constrain surface properties of the region

INTRODUCCION: La HA (hipertensión arterial) representa el principal factor de riesgo individual, con mayor carga a nivel mundial de ECV. En nuestro país, trabajos epidemiológicos han mostrado marcadas diferencias en las prevalencias de estos factores de riesgo de acuerdo con la población evaluada. Sin embargo, no hay estudios epidemiológicos de evaluación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular exclusivos referente a barrios vulnerables con muy bajos recursos económicos, socioculturales y baja accesibilidad a los sistemas de salud.

Evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las principales complicaciones crónicas vasculares de los pacientes con diabetes tipo2 (DM2) en atención primaria (AP).

Dissociating economic growth from the use of natural resources is imperative to the sustainable development of the construction industry. The use of secondary raw materials by processing and managing construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is one of the major challenges to transition to a circular economy. This study assessed the effect of simultaneously using cement additioned with the ceramic (fired clay-based) fraction of C&DW and recycled mixed aggregate (RMA) in concrete manufacture by analysing fresh concrete workability, density and air content and hardened concrete compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength. Regression and variance analyses were run on the findings to determine the effect of RMA and cement type and their interaction on the dependent variables. The percentage of RMA was observed to be the most significant determinant for concrete density and air content. Early age compressive strength was impacted by cement type, although strength in the later age materials was comparable to that of concrete manufactured with conventional cement. The combined effect of cement type and percentage of RMA appeared to have no significant effect on tensile or flexural strength. On the contrary, the differences observed in these properties were due to the separate effect of each factor. The findings showed that the use of cement containing C&DW additions and up to 50% RMA did not substantially compromise concrete performance.

Recycling glass fibre reinforced thermoset composites remains a challenge despite years of research in the field. Among the barriers for a successful recycling, the properties of the recycled materials and their application in new products represent the main ones. With a pyrolysis recycling process, clean glass fibres can be extracted and separated from the polymer matrix. In this paper, recycled glass fibres are incorporated in a new polymer composite structure using both virgin and recycled glass fibres. Recycled glass fibres have a Young’s modulus comparable to virgin glass fibres. The objective is to identify a composite lay-up using virgin and recycled glass fibres, and where the Young’s modulus of recycled fibres is beneficial for the resulting composites mechanical properties. To do so, a sandwich structure composite with virgin fibres on the outer layer and recycled fibres in the inside is designed and manufactured. In order to produce flat panels despite the short and random fibres, a manufacturing procedure ensuring a good dispersion of the fibres and controlling the thickness of the panel is developed. Panels are produced incorporating two different weight fraction of recycled glass fibres. The quality of the panels are characterized using microstructure observations, fibre porosity analysis and mechanical testing. Results shows that the sandwich composites have a low porosity content and achieves higher bending stiffness than a composite only made of unidirectional virgin glass fibres.

Identificar el grado de importancia de las necesidades de los familiares de pacientes en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).

Objective:The fetus is exposed to magnesium administered to the pregnant mother. However, there is controversy regarding magnesium-related neonatal adverse outcomes, largely driven by a limited understanding of the factors that influence neonatal serum magnesium concentrations and associated outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antenatal maternal magnesium dose and serum concentrations, neonatal serum magnesium concentration and immediate neonatal outcomes.Study Design:A retrospective study was conducted at a community-based teaching hospital. Neonatal serum magnesium concentrations within 48 h of birth were used to stratify magnesium-exposed neonates into three groups: group 1: <2.5 mg dl−1, group 2: ⩾2.5 to <4.5 mg dl−1, and group 3:⩾4.5 mg dl−1. Immediate neonatal outcomes were compared between the three groups. Total maternal magnesium dose and serum magnesium concentrations before the delivery were correlated with neonatal serum magnesium concentrations and outcomes.Results:Of the 304 mother–baby dyads between 24 and 34 weeks gestation, 237 received antenatal magnesium. Neonatal serum magnesium concentration was 3.14±0.83 mg dl−1in exposed and 1.96±0.42 mg dl−1in unexposed neonates (P<0.001). Compared with group 2, neonates had higher odds of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage in group 1 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 33.66)) and group 3 (AOR 8.42 (95% CI 1.35 to 52.54)). Group 3 neonates also had increased odds of periventricular leukomalacia (AOR: 5.37 (95% CI 1.02 to 28.28) compared with group 2 neonates. Predictors of neonatal serum magnesium concentrations included maternal magnesium dose (r=0.66, P<0.0001), duration of therapy (r=0.70, P<0.0001) and serum concentration (r=0.72, P<0.001).Conclusion:The between-group differences highlight that there is a therapeutic range of neonatal serum magnesium concentrations for neuroprotective effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate, while concentrations outside of this range may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration of maternal magnesium to minimize adverse neonatal outcomes.

Hay un bajo nivel de conocimiento por parte de los adolescentes sobre la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y su vacuna, así como sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual y sus consecuencias.

We studied 298 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) allografted in four Latin American countries. The source of cells was bone marrow (BM) in 94 patients and PBSCs in 204 patients. Engraftment failed in 8.1% of recipients with no difference between BM and PBSCs (P=0.08). Incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) for BM and PBSCs was 30% vs 32% (P=0.18), and for grades III–IV was 2.6% vs 11.6% (P=0.01). Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) between BM and PBSCs was 37% vs 59% (P=0.002) and extensive 5% vs 23.6% (P=0.01). OS was 74% vs 76% for BM vs PBSCs (P=0.95). Event-free survival was superior in patients conditioned with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based regimens compared with other regimens (79% vs 61%, P=0.001) as excessive secondary graft failure was seen with other regimens (10% vs 26%, P=0.005) respectively. In multivariate analysis, aGvHD II–IV (hazard ratio (HR) 2.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.6, P=0.02) and aGvHD III–IV (HR 8.3 CI 3.4–20.2, P<0.001) proved to be independent negative predictors of survival. In conclusion, BM as a source of cells and ATG-based regimens should be standard because of higher GvHD incidence with PBSCs, although the latter combining with ATG in the conditioning regimen could be an option in selected high-risk patients.

Aims. Solving the continuum radiative transfer equation in high opacity media requires sophisticated numerical tools. In order to test the reliability of such tools, we present a benchmark of radiative transfer codes in a 2D disc configuration.

Mastophorus muris(Gmelin, 1790) (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) is reported parasitizing the grey leaf-eared mouse Graomys griseoflavus(Waterhouse, 1837) (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from the province of La Pampa, Argentina. The distinct position of Mastophorus(Spirocercidae: Mastophorinae) and Protospirura(Spiruridae), sometimes still confused, is again confirmed. The pattern of pseudolabial teeth (a large central tooth with smaller teeth on each side), which seems to be rather stable in all known descriptions, is here confirmed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. The finding represents the first record of the species in Argentina, but also from a wild host in South America. This indicates an expansion of the distribution range of the species, which, in the subcontinent, was hitherto restricted to domestic rodents.

En la patología del hombro pocas son las maniobras exploradoras verdaderamente discriminatorias y útiles en la clínica. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es correlacionar la exploración física del hombro con el diagnóstico real hallado por artroscopia.

Dew water is water droplets formed due to condensation of atmospheric water vapor on surfaces of temperature below its dew point temperature. Dew water can be seen as a nonconventional source of water and may be exploited in regions where weather conditions favor dew formation and inadequate supply and quality of water is a prevalent problem. There are two main types of dew condenser, the apparatus used to collect dew water, namely radiative (also called passive) and active condensers. Radiative passive collectors rely on exploiting the physical processes responsible for dew formation to collect dew water without any additional energy input. Previous studies indicate that a 1 m2radiative condenser yields between 0.3 and 0.6 L/day of dew water in arid and semi-arid regions. Active condensers have been designed as an alternative method of collection that produces higher yields by using additional energy inputs. Several designs of active condensers have been patented for which the yield can reach 20 L/day for portable devices, and up to 200,000 L/day for larger agricultural water devices. Active condensers are also known as atmospheric water generators, dehumidifiers, and air to water devices. Most of the active condensers are based on a regenerative desiccant that attracts and holds large volumes of water from the air or on a means of cooling the condensing surface below the dew point temperature (refrigeration circuit). The larger yields and wider range of environmental conditions in which dew can be collected make active condensers a promising option as an alternative or supplemental source of water in water scarce regions. The aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive review of radiative and active condensers, including dew formation processes, methods of dew collection, and parameters that influence the dew collection. Subsequently, patents of active condensers were reviewed to ascertain how they ca n be integrated with different types of renewable energy and to assess the potential use of such integrated systems as a sustainable source of water in regions that suffer water scarcity and/or as a sustainable source of water for agriculture.

Los sistemas de puntuación y los biomarcadores son formas de cuantificar objetivamente la situación clínica de un paciente, basándose en la presunción de que existe una relación predecible entre las alteraciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas y el riesgo de morir.

El tratamiento actual del linfedema se realiza por un equipo transdisciplinario y con terapia físico-combinada descongestiva compleja.

The benefits of substitution of thermal oil with water in two phase flow for electricity production in parabolic trough solar fields have been pointed out in several papers, [1]. The need of covering a wide range of flow masses to cope with variable solar isolation, means low mass flows, that provide an insufficient cooling of the horizontal pipes, when stratification occurs. The large differences between the heat transfer coefficients for wetted (liquid to solid) and dry segments (steam to solid) will lead to very large thermal stresses and absorber misalignment from the focal axis of the parabolic trough collector. Between the solutions to avoid the drawbacks just mentioned, the increase of the wetting perimeter by capillary forces is found. Capillary pressures, developed by internal porous coated or microgrooved pipes, lift up a thin liquid film, that rewets all the perimeter of the pipe and whose thermal resistance, because of boiling, is very low. In this paper, a model of the theoretical wetting film behaviour and its relation to the characteristic of the system (microgroove's depth, permeability of porous coatings,..) is shown. Experimental set up for measurements under temperature and pressure ranges for DSG conditions (31l°C, 100 bar) is shown.

Evaluar los efectos del pinzamiento precoz o tardío del cordón umbilical en recién nacidos a término y su correlación con los niveles de hemoglobina, hematocrito, ferritina y ciertas complicaciones neonatales.

Typically two particles (spins) could be maximally entangled at zero temperature, and for a certain temperature the phenomenon of entanglement vanishes at the threshold temperature. For the Heisenberg coupled model or even the Ising model with a transverse magnetic field, one can observe some rise of entanglement even for a disentangled region at zero temperature. So we can understand this emergence of entanglement at finite temperature as being due to the mixing of some maximally entangled states with some other untangled states. Here, we present a simple one-dimensional Ising model with alternating Ising and Heisenberg spins in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field, which can be mapped onto the classical Ising model with a magnetic field. This model does not show any evidence of entanglement at zero temperature, but surprisingly at finite temperature rise a pairwise thermal entanglement between two untangled spins at zero temperature when an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field is applied. This effect is a purely magnetic field, and the temperature dependence, as soon as the temperature increases, causes a small increase in concurrence, achieving its maximum at around 0.1. Even for long-range entanglement, a weak concurrence still survives. There are also some real materials that could serve as candidates that would exhibit this effect, such as Dy(N03)(DMSO)2Cu(opba)(DMSO)2 [DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; opba = o-phenylenebis(oxamoto)] [J. Strecka, M. Hagiwara, Y. Han, T. Kida, Z. Honda, and M. Ikeda, Condens. Matter Phys. 15, 43002 (2012)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde los inicios de la cirugía de implantes orales, se ha recomendado excluir o limitar a ciertos pacientes con problemas de salud o hábitos de tabaquismo. Los enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles de salud, no son considerados una contraindicación absoluta para la utilización de implantes orales, pero si se debe evaluar con detalle el tipo de enfermedad presente, por ser un potencial riesgo que podría afectar el proceso de oseointegración. Hay ciertas condiciones sistémicas, como la osteoporosis, enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, e hipotiroidismo, así como también, el hábito de fumar, que inciden sobre el éxito, la sobrevida o el fracaso de los implantes. El propósito de la investigación realizada, es determinar si existe asociación entre los fracasos de los implantes dentales y las enfermedades sistémicas en la población de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de implantes dentales del hospital San José de Santiago de Chile.

Most quantum entanglement investigations are focused on two qubits or some finite (small) chain structure, since the infinite chain structure is a considerably cumbersome task. Therefore, the quantum entanglement properties involving an infinite chain structure is quite important, not only because the mathematical calculation is cumbersome but also because real materials are well represented by an infinite chain. Thus, in this paper we consider an entangled diamond chain with Ising and anisotropic Heisenberg (Ising-XXZ) coupling. Two interstitial particles are coupled through Heisenberg coupling or simply two-qubit Heisenberg, which could be responsible for the emergence of entanglement. These two-qubit Heisenberg operators are interacted with two nodal Ising spins. An infinite diamond chain is organized by interstitial-interstitial and nodal-interstitial (dimer-monomer) site couplings. We are able to get the thermal average of the two-qubit operator, called the reduced two-qubit density operator. Since these density operators are spatially separated, we could obtain the concurrence (entanglement) directly in the thermodynamic limit. The thermal entanglement (concurrence) is constructed for different values of the anisotropic Heisenberg parameter, magnetic field, and temperature. We also observed the threshold temperature via the parameter of anisotropy, Heisenberg and Ising interaction, external magnetic field, and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic health records (EHRs) are used to register important health-related information, such as allergic conditions, and contribute to the safety and quality of medical care.

We present FDTD calculations for transmission of electromagnetic waves through periodic arrays of slits in a metallic screen. The results show resonant, frequency dependent, transmittance peaks for subwavelength widths of the slits which can be up to a factor of ten with respect to those out of resonance. Although our conclusions agree with previous work by Lezec and Thio as regards both the magnitude of the enhancement and the lack of contribution of surface plasmon polaritons of the metal surface to this effect, we derive an interpretation from a theory that deals with emerging beam-Rayleigh anomalies of the grating, and with Fabry- Perot resonances of the perforated screen considered as an effective medium.

Inbreeding offers numerous advantages but also presents some problems for the genetic improvement of cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz). One of the concerns is that inbreeding depression (ID) may be too drastic for (even partially) inbred materials to survive. A large experiment was conducted to quantify ID in cassava. S1families from eight elite cultivars, each represented mostly by over 90 cloned genotypes, were produced and evaluated in a replicated trial at one location. The results from this evaluation allowed measurement of ID levels for key traits such as fresh root yield (63.9%), fresh foliage yield (37.9%), harvest index (26.5%), plant height (10.1%), and dry matter content in the roots (5.3%). Results also indicated (as expected) that ID, for a given trait, was not uniform among the eight families evaluated. For reasons provided in the article, the ID levels measured in this study may have been overestimated. Compared with the first experiences introducing inbreeding in temperate and tropical maize (Zea maysL.), we concluded that the use of homozygous progenitors in future cassava genetic enhancement is feasible. The average ID and frequency distributions within S1families for different traits correlated well with the relative importance of nonadditive genetic effects controlling their inheritance as reported in the literature.

To assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of erlotinib in the treatment of refractory cervical cancer after retrospective analysis of 2 clinical cases.

A PCR method based on the nucleotide sequence variation in the 12S ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial gene has been developed for the specific and qualitative detection and identification of cat, dog, and rat or mouse tissue in food and feedstuffs. The primers designed generated specific fragments of 108, 101, and 96 bp in length for cat, dog, and rat or mouse tissues, respectively. Specificity of the primers was tested against 32 nontarget species including mammals, birds, fish, and plant species. This PCR method allowed detection of raw and heated cat, dog, and rat or mouse tissues in meat/oats mixtures even when the concentration of the target species was reduced to 0.1%. Furthermore, the performance of the method was not affected by prolonged heat-treatment (up to 133°C for 20 min at 300 kPa), and consequently, it could be very useful to verify the origin of raw materials in food and feedstuffs submitted to denaturing technologies, for which other methods cannot be applied.

PCR method was applied for the qualitative identification of chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallipavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos× Cairina muschata), and goose (Anser anser) tissues in feed-stuffs, on an individual basis. The assay uses oligonucleotide primers that are specific for each avian species, targeting the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene. The primers designed generated amplicons of 95, 122, 64, and 98 bp length for chicken, turkey, duck, and goose, respectively. The specificity of the primers was tested against 29 animal species including mammals, birds, and fish, as well as 8 plant species. Analysis of experimental feedstuffs demonstrated the detection of each target species in the range of 0.1 to 100%. The performance of this method was not affected by prolonged heat-treatment (up to 133°C for 20 min at 300 kPa), and consequently, it could be very useful for the accurate identification of tissues from these 4 avian species in products submitted to denaturing technologies, for which other methods cannot be applied.

To assess how appropriateness of and indications for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have changed following the publication of several large international randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to rationalize use of CEA.

Salivary excretion of rabies virus was evaluated in 14 adult vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) intramuscularly injected with a large dose (106 MICLD50) of vampire rabies virus variant CASS88. Saliva samples were obtained from surviving bats every other day for 30 days, then weekly for 2 months, and finally 1 and 2 years later. Rabies virus was isolated in murine neuroblastoma cells and in randomly selected cases by PCR. Rabies virus was not detected in the saliva of any of the 11 animals that succumbed (somewhat early) to rabies challenge, nor in the control bats. In contrast, virus was detected early, and only once (days 6, 6 and 21) in each of the three animals that survived rabies challenge and remained healthy for at least 2 years after challenge. At that time even vigorous dexamethasone and cyclosporine administration failed to provoke further viral excretion.

The minimization of linear functionals defined on the solutions of discrete ill-posed problems arises, e.g., in the computation of confidence intervals for these solutions. In 1990, Eldén proposed an algorithm for this minimization problem based on a parametric programming reformulation involving the solution of a sequence of trust-region problems, and using matrix factorizations. In this paper, we describe MLFIP, a large-scale version of this algorithm where a limited-memory trust-region solver is used on the subproblems. We illustrate the use of our algorithm in connection with an inverse heat conduction problem.

A series of cyclic hydrocarbons containing a planar tetracoordinate carbon atom is proposed. To rationalize the electronic factors contributing to the stability of these molecules, an analysis of the molecular orbitals and the induced magnetic field is presented.