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Roche announced the CE mark availability of Roche v-TAC, a new digital diagnostic solution that allows clinicians to obtain results for arterial blood gas values from patients with respiratory or [...]

A central challenge of modern antitrust law is determining the extent to which U.S. antitrust law applies to actors in foreign countries. (1) Although foreign violations of U.S. antitrust law [...]

DSM'S PLANNED takeover of Roche's vitamins and fine chemicals (V&FC) division could result in a reorganization of one of two marketing alliances which dominate the worldwide market for phytase, a [...]

The US Supreme Court refused in Jan 1993, to review the Florida Supreme Court's decision in Roche v Florida, in which a reporter was found guilty of contempt for printing information from a sealed court order. In this case, it was argued that sending Roche to jail was unconstitutional because Florida's Constitution prohibits punishing anyone who quotes court records. Other jurisdictions, however, are adopting gag rules to discourage court employees from giving reporters any information considered sealed or confidential.

United States supreme court ruling in the F Hoffmann-La Roche v Empagran SA case that foreign purchasers of vitamins manufactured by non-US companies cannot sue in US courts has been analyzed. The judgement could entail reciprocal antitrust enforcement efforts in other countries.

United States supreme court ruling in the F Hoffmann-La Roche v Empagran SA case that foreign purchasers of vitamins manufactured by non-US companies cannot sue in US courts has been analyzed. The judgement could entail reciprocal antitrust enforcement efforts in other countries.

The total offset across a fault zone may include offsets by discontinuous faulting as well as continuous deformation, including fault-related folding. This study investigates the relationships between these two components during fault growth. We established conceptual models for the distributions of displacement due to faulting (i.e. brittle component or near-field displacement), to folding (i.e. ductile component) and to the sum of both (i.e. far-field displacement) for different mechanisms of fault-related folding. We then compared these theoretical displacement profiles with those measured along mesoscale normal faults cutting carbonate-rich sequences in the Southeast Mesozoic sedimentary basin of France. The near-field and far-field displacement profiles follow either a flat-topped or a triangular shape. Several fold mechanisms were recognized, sometimes occurring together along the same fault and represent either fault-propagation folds, shear folds or coherent drag folds. In the last case, local deficit in the fault slip is balanced by folding so that the brittle and ductile components compose together a coherent fault zone. Common characteristics of these faults are a high folding component that can reach up to 75% of the total fault throw, a high displacement gradient (up to 0.5) and a strong fault sinuosity.

In this paper, we document the early stage of fault-zone development based on detailed observations of mesocale faults in layered rocks. The vertical propagation of the studied faults is stopped by layer-parallel faults contained in a weak layer. This restriction involves a flat-topped throw profile along the fault plane and modifications of the fault structures near the restricted tips, with geometries ranging from planar structures to fault zones characterized by abundant parallel fault segments. The ‘far-field’ displacement (i.e. the sum of the displacement accumulated by all the fault segments and the folding) measured along the restricted faults exhibiting this segmentation may have flat-topped shapes or triangular shapes when fault-related folding is observed above the layer-parallel faults. We develop a model from the observations. In this model, during the course of restriction, a fault forms as a simple isolated planar structure, then parallel fault segments successively initiate to accommodate the increasing displacement. We assume that, eventually, the fault propagates beyond the layer-parallel fault. This model implies first that fault widening is controlled by the fault capacity to propagate vertically in the layered section. Likewise, owing to restriction, fault growth occurs with non-linear increases in maximum displacement, length and thickness.

La surcharge des services d’urgence est un phénomène mondial et multifactoriel. Nous avons évalué l’impact de la création d’une structure d’hospitalisation dédiée à l’aval des urgences au sein d’un service d’urgence. Une unité polyvalente d’hospitalisation (UPH) a été créée avec pour mission de prendre autant de patients que de besoins à partir de la zone d’accueil ou de l’unité d’hospitalisation de courte durée (UHCD). Une évaluation quantitative et qualitative du service après les cinq premières années de fonctionnement de cette nouvelle unité (2009 à 2013) ainsi que la comparaison avec la dernière année de fonctionnement sans UPH (2007) ont été effectuées. Le critère principal de jugement était la durée moyenne de séjour (DMS) en UHCD. Les critères secondaires étaient les délais entre l’inscription et la prise de décision médicale d’orientation (sortie, hospitalisation ou transfert) et le taux de transfert. L’analyse des plaintes et remerciements et un questionnaire des personnels ont servi pour l’évaluation qualitative. DMS à l’UHCD: 1,3 jour avant ouverture de l’UPH, 0,6 jours après ouverture. Délai médian (interquartiles) pour prise de décision: 159 (90-252) min avant UPH, 140 (77-225) min avec UPH (p<0,0001). Taux de transfert 8 % avant, 4 % après (p<0,01). La majorité des médecins et paramédicaux interrogés recommanderait une UPH pour les autres services d’urgence. La création d’une unité d’hospitalisation polyvalente dédiée a permis d’améliorer la fluidité des prises en charge et la qualité de travail ressentie. Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a worldwide disease with multiple causes. We sought to determine whether enhancing boarding capacity would lower ED congestion. We created in the ED our own hospitalisation ward (HW), in addition to our observational unit (OU), that would admit as much patients as necessary after their ED evaluation. We studied the first five years (2009 through 2013) of function of our ED with its new unit and made comparison with the last year without it (2007). The main judgement criteria was the mean time spent in the OU, secondary criteria were based on the time elapsed before the ultimate medical decision was taken in the ED (patient non-admitted, admitted or transferred). Written complaints or compliments, and a questionnaire to the ED staff were analysed for qualitative evaluation. Before implementation of the HW mean time in the OU was: 1.3 days, after intervention: 0.6 days. Median (interquartile) medical decision time was 159 (90-252) min before and 140 (77-225) min after creation of the HW (p<0.0001). Annual relocating rate of patients was 8% before, 4% after intervention (p<0.01). The majority of the ED staff would recommend an HW for other EDs. Creation of an HW in our ED enhanced the trans-ED flow of patients and improved the perceived quality of work.

Roche v. Florida concerned a contempt of court charge against a Florida reporter for refusing to reveal a confidential source. Tim Roche's 30-day jail sentence marked the first time a Florida reporter spent more than a couple of hours in jail for refusing to name a confidential source. The controversy arose during Roche's coverage of a child abuse case for 'The Stuart (Florida) News.'

The success of hydraulic fracturing treatments is often judged by the shape and size of the resulting microseismic cloud. However, it is challenging to predict the anticipated microseismic cloud prior to treatment. We use geomechanical modeling to predict the distribution of the microseismicity prior to the hydraulic fracture treatment. We analyze the likelihood of tensile and shear failure due to 1‐D variations in local stresses and rock strengths, induced by layering and pore pressure, for two field cases. The deviation in the local stresses from the regional stress field is induced by vertical variations in stiffness. This promotes failure of the stronger layers instead of the weaker ones since the stronger layers can become essentially load bearing. The simulations and field studies show that (1) microseismic events tend to locate preferentially where layers reach tensile failure due to fluid injection, and the number of events tends to decrease in layers that do not reach tensile failure; (2) shear initiation can occur in different layers from those failing in tension, thereby creating additional fluid migration paths; and (3) reactivation of preexisting fractures may occur due to fluid migration, even if their orientations are unfavorable. Numerical modeling is a significant aid in understanding the interplay of regional and local stresses and associated in situ failure due to variations in rock strength, pore pressure, and stiffnesses. In a wider perspective, it gives fundamental insights into the understanding of earthquakes and fault localization, the mechanisms of fracture development, and the role of fractures on fluid circulation and on the in situ stress field. The role of lithological layering on fluid‐induced fractures and microseismicityTwo field casesEffects of natural layered sequences on in situ local stresses and failures

Résumé: Introduction: La sédation-analgésie avant procédure douloureuse (SAP) est une avancée notable dans la prise en charge des urgences. Nous avons voulu décrire le mode d’utilisation du propofol dans notre structure d’urgences et comparer les résultats obtenus à ceux de la littérature internationale. Matériel et méthodes: Étude prospective observationnelle sur 44 mois de l’utilisation du propofol pour la SAP dans un service d’urgences adultes. Le propofol était injecté en bolus de 1 mg/kg, suivi éventuellement d’une titration jusqu’à l’obtention ou le maintien de l’effet sédatif désiré afin de permettre une procédure douloureuse. Tous les malades étaient étroitement surveillés en box d’urgences pendant au moins 30 minutes après la dernière injection. Résultats: En 44 mois, 115 malades ont eu une SAP par propofol, 111 dossiers sont exploitables, soit 69 hommes et 42 femmes d’âge moyen de 50 ± 21 ans (extrêmes: 18–94), de poids moyen 75 ± 15 kg (extrêmes: 48–140). La dose moyenne totale de propofol était de 113 ± 58 mg (extrêmes: 30–370). La dose moyenne par kilogramme de poids était de 1,50 ± 0,75 mg/kg (extrêmes: 0,5–5,6). Le geste pour lequel une SAP était indiquée a pu être effectué avec succès aux urgences dans 107/111 cas (97 %). Tous les patients étaient parfaitement réveillés et stables à 30 minutes. Les effets secondaires attendus, hypotension ou hypoventilation, ont tous été régressifs en quelques minutes. Il n’y a pas eu d’autres effets indésirables. Ces résultats sont comparables à ceux de la littérature. Conclusion: Le propofol répond efficacement aux besoins de SAP dans un service d’urgences en France comme il le fait ailleurs.

This work investigates a new organic coating for corrosion protection. This coating is a Poly(n-butyl acrylate-b-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer elaborated by Controlled Radical Polymerization and then deposited on steel. Several parameters were taken into account to evaluate their influence on corrosion protection properties: the PBA molar mass, the solvent type (THF or Dichloromethane), the thickness of coatings and the nature of the nanostructuration (lamellae or sphere). The thickness of the films was measured between 45 and 265 μm by optical microscopy and by gravimetric difference measurements. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observations show a homogeneous surface of the coating with a nanostructured lamellar structure. The electrochemical behaviour was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in a sodium sulphate solution. The better corrosion resistance was obtained for coating thickness higher than 265 μm. On the other hand, poor results were obtained using a PBA high molar mass and dichloromethane as solvent.This work investigates a new organic coating for corrosion protection. This coating is a Poly(n-butyl acrylate-b-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer elaborated by Controlled Radical Polymerization and then deposited on steel. Several parameters were taken into account to evaluate their influence on corrosion protection properties: the PBA molar mass, the solvent type (THF or Dichloromethane), the thickness of coatings and the nature of the nanostructuration (lamellae or sphere). The thickness of the films was measured between 45 and 265 μm by optical microscopy and by gravimetric difference measurements. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observations show a homogeneous surface of the coating with a nanostructured lamellar structure. The electrochemical behaviour was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in a sodium sulphate solution. The better corrosion resistance was obtained for coating thickness higher than 265 μm. On the other hand, poor results were obtained using a PBA high molar mass and dichloromethane as solvent.

The rifted continental margins of Mozambique provide excellent examples of continental passive margins with a significant structural variability associated with magmatism and inheritance. Despite accumulated knowledge, the tectonic structure and nature of the crust beneath the South Mozambique Coastal Plain (SMCP) are still poorly known. This study interprets high‐resolution seismic reflection data paired with data from industry‐drilled wells and proposes a structural model of the Limpopo transform margin in a magma‐rich context. Results indicate that the Limpopo transform margin is characterized by an ocean‐continent transition that links the Beira‐High and Natal valley margin segments and represents the western limit of the continental crust, separating continental volcano‐sedimentary infilled grabens from the oceanic crust domain. These basins result from the emplacement of the Karoo Supergroup during a Permo‐Triassic tectonic event, followed by an Early Jurassic tectonic and magmatic event. This latter led to the establishment of steady‐state seafloor spreading at ca.156 Ma along the SMCP. A Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous event corresponds to formation of the Limpopo transform fault zone. Which accommodated the SSE‐ward displacement of Antarctica with respect to Africa. We define a new type of margin: the magma‐rich transform margin, characterized by the presence of voluminous magmatic extrusion and intrusion coincident with the formation and evolution of the transform margin. The Limpopo transform fault zone consists of several syn‐transfer and ‐transform faults rather than a single transform fault. The intense magmatic activity was associated primarily with mantle dynamics, which controlled the large‐scale differential subsidence along the transform margin. A narrow ocean‐continent transition characterizes the Limpopo magma‐rich transform marginA set of major transform faults consistent with a dextral strike‐slip system defines the Limpopo transform fault zoneA long‐lived magmatic activity marks the geodynamic evolution of Mozambique margins from early rifting to oceanic seafloor spreading A narrow ocean‐continent transition characterizes the Limpopo magma‐rich transform margin A set of major transform faults consistent with a dextral strike‐slip system defines the Limpopo transform fault zone A long‐lived magmatic activity marks the geodynamic evolution of Mozambique margins from early rifting to oceanic seafloor spreading

A variety of structures results from the interplay of evolving far‐field forces, plate kinematics, and magmatic activity during continental break‐up. The east Limpopo transform margin, offshore northern Mozambique, formed as Africa and Antarctica separated during the mid‐Jurassic period break‐up of the Gondwana supercontinent. The nature of the crust onshore has been discussed for decades in an effort to resolve issues with plate kinematic models. Two seismic refraction profiles with coincident multichannel seismic reflection profiles allow us to interpret the seismic velocity structures across the margin, both onshore and offshore. These seismic profiles allow us to (a) delineate the major regional crustal domains; (b) identify widespread indications of magmatic activity; and (c) map crustal structure and geometry of this magma‐rich transform margin. Careful examination of the profiles allows us to make the following observations and interpretations: (a) on land, continental crust is overlain by a >10‐km thick volcano‐sedimentary wedge related to an early rifting stage, (b) offshore, thick oceanic crust formed due to intense magmatic activity, and between the two (c) a 50–60‐km wide transform zone where the crustal structures are affected by intense magmatic activity and faulting. The prominent presence of intrusive and extrusive igneous units may be attributed to the combination of a deep‐seated melting anomaly and a trans‐tensional fault zone running through thinned lithosphere that allowed melt to reach the surface. A comparison of the crustal thinning along other transform margins shows a probable dependence with the thermal and/or tectonic history of the lithosphere. New seismic velocity models across east Limpopo delineates crustal domains, from stretched continental crust to thick oceanic crustIntense magmatic activity associated with a mantle plume affected the entire margin during all stages of its formationTransform margin structure and geometry are controlled by structural inheritance, syn‐tectonic sedimentation, and magmatic activity history New seismic velocity models across east Limpopo delineates crustal domains, from stretched continental crust to thick oceanic crust Intense magmatic activity associated with a mantle plume affected the entire margin during all stages of its formation Transform margin structure and geometry are controlled by structural inheritance, syn‐tectonic sedimentation, and magmatic activity history

Ricin selectively depletes hepatic Kupffer's cells (macrophages) in mice, and is cytotoxic in vitro to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the L 929 (mouse fibroblast) cell line, and rat bone marrow macrophages. Therefore, the toxicity of ricin to the macrophage J-744A. 1 and CHO cell lines was assessed by determining the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransfer-ase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Both dose- and time-dependent increases in the release of LDH and AST were observed. In macrophages, concentrations > 10-9 g ricin/ml inhibited the release of ALT at 48- and 72-h incubation times, whereas ALT release from CHO cells was inhibited by all concentrations of ricin at 24 and 48 h. The results indicate that the release of LDH and AST from macrophage and CHO cell lines may be useful in studies involving the molecular mechanism of toxicity of ricin as well as in assessing the efficacy of potential chemoprotectant agents against ricin.

A recent study conducted at University College Dublin focused on setting targets for antibiotic use in general practice in Europe. The research found that while most European countries have national action plans with targets for antibiotic use, translating these targets into daily clinical practice remains challenging. Strategies such as feedback to prescribers, benchmark systems, and financial incentives were identified as key drivers for successful target achievement. The study highlights the need for more involvement and input from general practitioners in implementing these targets effectively. [Extracted from the article]

Legal context. Companies which have seen their IP rights infringed across Europe have, in recent years, been keen to obtain cross-border relief from infringement through bringing a single action in the court of just one EU Member State. This approach has time, cost and tactical advantages for claimants, but raises complex jurisdictional questions.Key points. This article provides an in-depth explanation of the framework for litigating IP rights in the European Union. It describes the various interpretations to which the Brussels Regulation on Jurisdiction has been subjected and how they affect the availability of cross-border relief. This explanation provides a foundation for analysing the recent ECJ decisions in Gat v Luk and Roche v Primus.Practical significance. Cross-border jurisdiction and relief is, in practice, no longer available in respect of registered rights.

Reports on the US Circuit Court of Appeals' ruling in `Roche v. John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company' that an employee does not have a federal civil rights claim against an employer that gathered criminal evidence against him and gave it to police and prosecutors. Facts and issue of the case.

A recent study conducted by researchers at University College London (UCL) has provided new insights into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study focused on CD19, a co-receptor of the B cell receptor, and its role in B cell activation, metabolism, and function. The researchers found that CD19(hi) B cells, which are predominantly composed of double negative and memory subpopulations, displayed higher proliferation, metabolism, and cytokine expression compared to CD19(lo) B cells. These findings suggest that CD19(hi) cells may play a role in promoting inflammation and could be targeted in autoimmune diseases using emerging therapies such as CAR-T cells and T cell engagers. [Extracted from the article]

The field of EU direct administrative law is steadily growing in importance, and issues relating to the consequences of procedural irregularities on the outcome of the procedure are becoming increasingly relevant. The question of when such a violation remains inconsequential - i.e. does not lead to the act being quashed during judicial proceedings, either because the error was rectified or can be considered irrelevant - is particularly important, as it can have a significant impact on the legitimacy and acceptance of EU institutions as well as their efficiency and effectiveness and EU case law has developed a complex jurisprudence in this regard. The aim of this contribution is to systematize this case law with regard to the instruments of rectification and irrelevance of procedural irregularities. Moreover, it compares these legal instruments to their counterparts in Member States' administrative systems. The focus is on the observation that the EU case law has developed a complex network of layers and components to decide what consequences violations of provisions relating to form and procedure entail. The comparison with the Member State administrative systems shows - despite differences in detail - that EU courts have not coopted a particular system currently in use in a Member State, but that they often use roughly similar criteria to decide whether an error leads to the annulment of the final decision. This analysis can be fruitful with regard to the recent interinstitutional as well as academic debate about the codification of administrative procedure of the EU direct administration, neither of which have yet discussed the possibility of rectification and irrelevance of procedural errors in a systematic and comprehensive way, even though the jurisprudence of the EU courts has reached a stage that makes this possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has established the free movement of goods, which covers the parallel import of goods in the EU. However, the free movement of goods should not infringe on the rights of trade mark owners. In some cases, parallel importer needs not only to repackage but also to rebrand pharmaceutical products. ECJ has stated that rebranding is permissible if objective necessity to rebrand exists. But it is the national court that has to determine what objective necessity is. This paper analyses the decisions of EU Member States. In some cases, objective necessity has been determined on similar grounds. However, in other cases, a necessity to enter some part of the market has been evaluated differently in different Member States. The different evaluation of the necessity criterion could be treated as the infringement of uniform application of the free movement of goods in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents listings of several new books published from different fields and genres.

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The right to know the truth is established as one of the rights constituting the right to effective remedy but in post-Communist countries this right is limited to victims of the Communist regime because of failure to access the files of former secret services on two different grounds: certain victim's information is protected as personal data on the grounds of privacy rights and certain files are still kept as a classified information. Thus, the article analyses if such limitations in post- Communist countries are compatible with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The answer is provided using mainly an analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Lithuania as a case study was chosen for the analysis in a situation where certain files are kept as classified information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of writing on legal aid is from a socio-legal or political perspective and little attention has been paid to legal aid as a branch of administrative law. This is an important failing as the legal aid requirements imposed by international human rights law do not only relate to the scope of legal aid, but also establish parameters for the administration of legal aid schemes. These requirements may be met directly within the specific legislation governing legal aid, but in some instances rely on the application of general domestic administrative law principles. Employing a comparative approach, this article explores some of the connections between administrative law, international human rights law and the provision of legal aid, using the jurisdictions of Finland and England & Wales as examples. Good protection of the relevant international human rights standards is provided in Finland through a robust administrative law system which contains a clear set of basic principles and is directly applicable to the making of decisions on legal aid. In England & Wales administrative law principles are not as helpful; however the manner in which administrative law acts upon discretionary decision-making in that jurisdiction means that strengthening administrative law principles might not have much impact on legal aid administration. In such a situation subject-specific legal aid legislation must be relied upon to meet human rights standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a court case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla Ltd. wherein F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. claimed that its Indian Patent IN 196774 were infringed by Erlocib, a product of Cipla Ltd. It states that Cipla pleaded non-infringement and counter claimed F Hoffmann-La Roche on grounds of lack of inventive step which is under Section 3(D) of the U.S. Patents Act. The court ruled that Cipla counterclaim is invalid under Section 3(d) as it precludes patentability of discoveries. INSET: Action Items.

On 6th October 2015, the Court of Justice of the European Union ('CJEU') delivered in Case C-23/14 Post Danmark A/S v Konkurrenceråd the first preliminary ruling related to the interpretation of Article 82 EC (now Article 102 TFEU) on rebate scheme applied by an undertaking enjoying dominant position. The most important issue raised by the case and referred to the CJEU concerns the role of the economic evidences in the competition cases. The CJEU did not indeed share AG Kokott's scepticism about the role of the economic evidences in the competition cases and maintained its general approach on the relevance of the 'as-efficient competitor' (AEC) test in competition cases. Accordingly, the AEC test can be applied unless the structure of the market makes the emergence of an as-efficient competitor practically impossible. The CJEU reconfirmed the 'safe harbour' for volume rebates contrary to the proposals of the Advocate-General. The CJEU -- in consistency with the General Court's position in its Intel judgement -- recalled that all relevant circumstances should be considered when determining whether a company has abused its dominant position by applying the third type of rebate, i.e. when grant of a financial incentive is not directly linked to a condition of exclusive or quasi-exclusive supply but where the mechanism for granting the rebate may also have a fidelity-building effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on reform efforts at the national and European level to lessen the influence of the Strasbourg Court's case law. The article aims to determine to what extent this strategy will be successful. On the one hand, two reform proposals to shield the influence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) through changing the dynamics at the national level are examined, namely the pending proposal to replace the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) with a home-grown Bill of Rights and the pending proposal in the Netherlands to extend the ban of judicial review to international treaties. The UK reform proposal is the most likely to come into being. The Dutch reform proposal should instead be interpreted as a warning shot, since it is very unlikely to pass. Irrespective, this reform proposal would be a successful, albeit very drastic, measure to reduce the influence of the Strasbourg Court. On the other hand, current efforts to reform the European level of rights protection are analysed with an emphasis on reform proposals pressing the need for more subsidiarity and a broader margin of appreciation. These efforts resulted in Protocol 15, which has the ability to lessen the influence of the Strasbourg Court, although the Court has plenty of tools available to not let Protocol 15 result in lessening of its influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has made several amendments to its patent legislation in accordance with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and has provided product patent protection for drugs since January 2005. Since TRIPS, India has emerged as one of the major players in the global pharmaceutical industry. Though India's development in terms of intellectual property is universally recognized, recent judgments in the pharmaceutical field have created an impression among innovator companies that incremental/improvement inventions are difficult to protect in India. Thus India's unique patent law and product patent protection rulings have received a mixed reception, with both appreciation and criticism from across the world. This article discusses some case studies—Novartis v Union of India (Glivec), Roche v Cipla (Tarceva) and Merck v Glenmark (Januvia)—and analyses the appropriate way forward to protect incremental innovation in line with Indian patent law.

The article discusses automatic stay in bankruptcy. Topics discussed include automatic stay to provide the debtor to attempt a repayment or reorganization plan, modification of automatic stay under Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Act of 2005 and actions taken in violations of the automatic stay as void ab initio.