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ABSTRACTSouth China is a hotspot for fungal diversity. During investigations of saprobic fungi in Yunnan Province, we collected and identified a new species, Queenslandipenidiella lingcangensis, and a new host record of Periconia byssoidesfrom dead woody twigs of Cryptocarya hainanensisand Ehretia acuminata, respectively. Both morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data supported the placement of the new taxa within Queenslandipenidiellawith high statistical support. The new taxon is characterised by numerous, erect, hairy, and dark brown to black colonies, macronematous, solitary or gregarious, oblong, dark brown, branching penicillate conidiophores with 5−6-septate, mono- to polyblastic, terminal, narrowly ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, pale brown to brown conidiogenous cells with 1–2-celled, globose to subglobose, aseptate, thick-walled, hyaline greenish-brown to brown conidia. We provide descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic analyses results, and notes discussing the new species and the new record.

The effect of geometric characteristics of castings on the linear contraction of sand casting Mg–9Gd–3Y– 0.5Zr alloy (VW93) was studied. The dimensions of free and restrained structure castings were precisely extracted by a 3D scanner and then used for the calculation of the contraction coefficient. The ratio of sand core volume to enveloping volume of casting (γ), was introduced to quantify the degree of constraint caused by sand cores. According to the statistical distribution of free contraction coefficients and the evolution of restrained contraction coefficients against γ, it is indicated that the free contraction coefficient of VW93 alloy equals 1.96%, and the restrained contraction coefficient declines linearly with the increasing γ, which supplies support on predicting the contraction of VW93 alloy through the geometric characteristic of castings.

Artemisinin, a prominent anti-malaria drug, is being investigated for its potential as a repurposed cancer treatment. However, its effectiveness in tumor cell lines remains limited, and its mechanism of action is unclear. To make more progress, the PROteolysis-TArgeting chimera (PROTAC) technique has been applied to design and synthesize novel artemisinin derivatives in this study. Among them, AD4, the most potent compound, exhibited an IC50value of 50.6 nM in RS4;11 cells, over 12-fold better than that of its parent compound, SM1044. This was supported by prolonged survival of RS4;11-transplanted NOD/SCID mice. Meanwhile, AD4effectively degraded PCLAF in RS4;11 cells and thus activated the p21/Rb axis to exert antitumor activity by directly targeting PCLAF. The discovery of AD4highlights the great potential of using PROTACs to improve the efficacy of natural products, identify therapeutic targets, and facilitate drug repurposing. This opens a promising avenue for transforming other natural products into effective therapies.

The PrxZr1–xO2–δcatalyst with different atom ratio of Pr/Zr was prepared by the sol-gel to catalytic oxidation denitration. Results showed that the efficiency of catalytic oxidation denitration increased initially and decreased afterward with the ratio of Pr atom increased. And the optimum denitration activity could achieve 94.62% at 250 °C when the atom ratio of Pr/Zr was 5:5. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, N2adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, and FT-IR. The results illustrated that the catalyst (Pr0.5Zr0.5O2–δ) with the best activity has a “layered” morphology, many pores on the surface, and it has a large specific surface area and pore volume of 77.74 m2/g and 0.66 cm3/g, respectively. Furthermore, the crystalline phase transforms from c-ZrO2to Pr2Zr2O7with the increasing of Pr atom. XPS and H2-TPR results showed that the surface chemosorption oxygen and surface Pr4+oxides increased, and the rising of Pr atom ratio was beneficial to produce oxygen vacancy (Vӧ) site which advantageous to improve the efficiency of catalytic oxidation denitration. FT-IR characterization results indicated that Pr0.5Zr0.5O2–δsolid solution had better NO selectivity, which was conducive to the catalytic oxidation of NO. The anti-SO2and H2O toxicity experiments showed that Pr/Zr atomic ratio at 5:5 had better anti-toxicity than other ratios. In addition, using IC to analysis absorption products, the result showed that NO2–and NO3–were the main products in the absorption solution.

Ti is regarded as one of the promising grain refiners in cast Al-Li-Cu alloys, but few research works have been done on its independent role. In this study, the effect of Ti on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cast Al-2Li-2Cu-0.5Mg base alloy was investigated. The results revealed that the grains can be prominently refined with the increase of Ti addition. After adding Ti, high density TiB2-Al3Ti composite particles with a low lattice misfit form as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the α-Al matrix. δ′(Al3Li) and T1(Al2CuLi) precipitates that provide enhanced strength are dominated in the alloys after T6 aging treatment. The average size of both δ′ and half-width of δ′-precipitation free zone (PFZ) decreases gradually with the increase of Ti content. This is because the higher binding energy between Ti atoms and vacancies limits the diffusion efficiency of Li atoms, and thus results in a higher ductility. Additionally, no nano-sized Al3Ti or core-shell structure of Al3(Li, Ti) particles are found. The tensile property test results indicate that the Al-2Li-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy achieves optimal properties after aging at 175 °C for 32 h when 0.15wt.% Ti is added. It exhibits a yield strength of 352±5 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 423±6 MPa, and an elongation of (3±0.4)%. These findings are expected to offer a reliable theoretical guidance for the industrial composition design of the Al-Li-Cu series cast alloys.

Drought adaptation of plants is closely related to resistance and tolerance to drought stress as well as the ability to recover after the elimination of the stress. Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch is a commonly applied herb whose growth and development are greatly affected by drought. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolic responses of G. uralensisto drought stress and rewatering. The hyper-/hypomethylation of genes may lead to up-/downregulated gene expression, and epigenetic changes can be regarded as an important regulatory mechanism of G. uralensisunder drought stress and rewatering. Moreover, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that genes and metabolites involved in pathways of antioxidation, osmoregulation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis may regulate the drought adaptation of G. uralensis. This work provides crucial insights into the drought adaptation of G. uralensisand offers epigenetic resources for cultivating G. uralensiswith high drought adaptation.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule, which plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including inflammatory responses, metabolism, cardiovascular functions, and cognitive function. NO bioavailability is reduced with aging and cardiometabolic disorders in humans and rodents. NO stimulates the metabolic rate by increasing the mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat activation. Therefore, we propose a novel technology of providing exogenous NO to improve the metabolic rate and cognitive function by promoting the development of brown adipose tissue. In the present study, we demonstrate the effects of the peptide amphiphiles–NO-releasing nanomatrix gel (PANO gel) on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and cognitive functions. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected in the brown fat area with the PANO gel or vehicle (PA gel) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. The PANO gel-injected mice gained less body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased fasting serum insulin and leptin levels compared with the PA gel-injected mice. Insulin signaling in the muscle, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue was improved by the PANO gel injection. The PANO gel reduced inflammation, increased lipolysis in the epididymal white adipose tissue, and decreased serum lipids and liver triglycerides. Interestingly, the PANO gel stimulated uncoupled protein 1 gene expression in the brown and beige fat tissues. Furthermore, the PANO gel increased the cerebral blood flow and improved learning and memory abilities. Our results suggest that using the PANO gel to supply exogenous NO is a novel technology to treat metabolic disorders and cognitive dysfunctions.

Carbonation of concrete causes corrosion of the steel reinforcement and reduces the service life of the structure. Based on the reality that fly ash discharge is increasing year by year and construction sand is becoming increasingly limited, it is of practical importance to study the effect of fly ash dosage and desert sand replacement rate on the carbonation resistance of concrete. Orthogonal test L9(34) with four factors and three levels was designed to study the influence of water-binder ratio, fly ash dosage, sand ratio and DSRR on carbonation resistance of desert sand concrete (DSC). The results of the orthogonal tests were analysed by range analysis and ANOVA and a comparatively better concrete mix ratio was given. Next, single-factor tests were designed to investigate the effects of fly ash and desert sand replacement rates on the carbonation resistance of DSC respectively. The regression model among carbonation depth, fly ash dosage and DSRR was established. The experimental results show that the carbonation depth of concrete with fly ash as a single variable increases with the amount of fly ash, increasing more rapidly in the early stages than in the later stages. As the DSRR increases, the carbonation depth of concrete with desert sand as a single variable first decreases and then increases and reaches its lowest value when DSRR equals 20%. When fly ash and desert sand are mixed into concrete simultaneously, the carbonation depth reaches minimum value on the condition that fly ash dosage is 10% and DSRR is 20%.

Light traps are widely utilized to monitor and manage insect pest populations. In late 2018, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda,invaded China through Yunnan Province representing a huge threat to grain production. To estimate the efficiency of light traps on FAW moths, we first identified the opsin genes from FAW by using the transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the four opsins of FAW were clustered with those of other Noctuidae species. The expressed levels of opsins in S. frugiperdawere lower than in Helicoverpa armigera,suggesting a different phototactic response between the two species. Then, we determined the phototactic behavior of FAW using H. armigeraas a control, which is widely monitored and managed using light traps in China. Our results indicated that the two moths species showed significantly different phototactic behavior and both female and male FAW displayed faster flight-to-light speed than H. armigera.This may be due to a faster flight capacity in FAW compared to H. armigera.However, the capture rate of both female and male of S. frugiperdawas significantly lower than that of H. armigera,which was consistent with the expression levels of opsins. These results support the positive phototaxis of S. frugiperdamoths and suggest light traps could be used for monitoring and managing the pests, but with a lower efficiency than H. armigera.

The complexity and irregularity of the internal structure of aluminum foam and the particularity of the fabricating method make it difficult to establish a three-dimensional model that can accurately reflect the internal structure of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. This study presents a method of three-dimensional reconstruction of the Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) adjacent mask based on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. Firstly, spherical open cell aluminum foam-polyurethane composites with different pore sizes (5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm) were prepared. Then the corresponding DICOM data of the spherical open cell aluminum foam-polyurethane composites were obtained by CT-scan. Based on adjacent mask, the three-dimensional simulation model of spherical open cell aluminum foam-polyurethane composites was successfully reconstructed in MIMICS. In order to verify the feasibility of this modeling method, a quasi-static compression simulation of the three-dimensional simulation model was carried out by ABAQUS, and the simulated stress-strain curves were acquired. The quasi-static compression experiments were performed on the prepared aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and the experimental nominal stress-strain curves were obtained. The simulated nominal stress-strain curves were compared with the experimental nominal stress-strain curves. Results show that the two curves are basically the same. The feasibility and accuracy of the three-dimensional modeling method for the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites are verified.

Erythropoiesis is a complex multistage process that involves differentiation of early erythroid progenitors to enucleated mature red blood cells, in which lineage-specific transcription factors play essential roles. Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF/KLF1) is a pleiotropic erythroid transcription factor that is required for the proper maturation of the erythroid cells, whose expression and activation are tightly controlled in a temporal and differentiation stage-specific manner. Here, we uncover a novel role of G-protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), a subunit of the nuclear receptor corepressor/silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor corepressor complex, in erythrocyte differentiation. Our study demonstrates that knockdown of GPS2 significantly suppresses erythroid differentiation of human CD34+ cells cultured in vitro and xenotransplanted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency/interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain null mice. Moreover, global deletion of GPS2 in mice causes impaired erythropoiesis in the fetal liver and leads to severe anemia. Flow cytometric analysis and Wright-Giemsa staining show a defective differentiation at late stages of erythropoiesis in Gps2−/− embryos. Mechanistically, GPS2 interacts with EKLF and prevents proteasome-mediated degradation of EKLF, thereby increasing EKLF stability and transcriptional activity. Moreover, we identify the amino acids 191-230 region in EKLF protein, responsible for GPS2 binding, that is highly conserved in mammals and essential for EKLF protein stability. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unknown role of GPS2 as a posttranslational regulator that enhances the stability of EKLF protein and thereby promotes erythroid differentiation.

Nemonoxacin, a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including activity against antibiotic-resistant strains, and was developed for treating community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This report provides an integrated safety summary of oral nemonoxacin from two phase II and one phase III clinical studies.

The neutron capture cross sections (n,γ) of bromine were obtained using the time-of-flight technique at the Back-n facility of the China Spallation Neutron Source. Prompt γ-rays originating from neutron-induced capture events were detected using four C6D6detectors. The pulse-height weighting technique and double-bunch unfolding method based on Bayesian theory were used in the data analysis. Background deductions, normalization, and corrections were carefully considered to obtain reliable measurement results. The multilevel R-matrix Bayesian code SAMMY was used to extract the resonance parameters in the resolved resonance region (RRR). The average cross sections in the unresolved resonance region (URR) were obtained from 10 to 400 keV. The experimental results were compared with data from several evaluated libraries and previous experiments in the RRR and URR. The TALYS code was used to describe the average cross sections in the URR. The astrophysical Maxwell average cross sections (MACSs) of 79,81Br from kT= 5 to 100 keV were calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron energies. At a thermal energy of kT=30keV, the MACS value for 79Br 682±68 mb was in good agreement with the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended value. By contrast, the value of 293±29 mb for 81Br was substantially higher than that of the evaluated database and the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended value.

Because of the complexity and irregularity of the internal structure of aluminum foam, it is difficult to establish a three-dimensional model that can accurately reflect this structure. In this study, an algorithm, named spherical core stratification algorithm, for three-dimensional modeling of spherical aluminum foam was proposed, and by using this algorithm, a three-dimensional model for sphere aluminum foam with random pores has been successfully constructed. The constructed model not only has a high similarity with the real structure of spherical open cell aluminum foam, but also can match its pore size and thickness by adjusting the size and number of holes in the random pore. In order to verify the feasibility of the modeling method, firstly, the three-dimensional model of the cylindrical spherical aluminum foam with a size of ∅35 mm × 20 mm and pore diameter of 5 mm has been generated by using the new algorithm. Secondly, taking the influence of relative density and shape function on the compressive properties of spherical open cell aluminum foams into consideration, a quasi-static constitutive model suitable for the material has been established based on the Sherwood-Frost classical compression constitutive model, which provides material parameters for quasi-static compression simulation. The comparison results show that the established constitutive equation has a good fit with the experiment, with a fitting correlation coefficient of above 0.99. Finally, the quasi-static compression simulation was carried out by ABAQUS, and the simulated nominal stress-strain curve was obtained. The simulation results indicate that the simulated stress-strain curve had the same trend with the one obtained by the quasi-static compression experiment with a small deviation.

An unprecedented synthesis of valuable benzofuran-3(2H)-one scaffolds with a quaternary center was developed via Rh/Co relay catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation of N-aryloxyacetamides with propiolic acids in moderate to good yields. The reaction features the simultaneous construction of the benzofuran motif containing a C2 quaternary center and a C3 carbonyl group. The preliminary mechanism study verified that the O atom of C3 carbonyl group originates from molecular oxygen.

Dentipellis rhizomorphasp. nov. is described and illustrated from China based on morphological characters and rDNA sequence data. It is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with distinct white rhizomorphs, a monomitic hyphal structure with nonamyloid, non-dextrinoid and cyanophilous generative hyphae, absence of gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia, presence of cystidia and cystidioles, and rough basidiospores (3.5–4 × 2.6–3 μm). A molecular study based on the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacer region) and nLSU (the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit) dataset supports the new species inDentipellis. A key to accepted species ofDentipellisis provided.

AbstractThe relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations is non-stationary in observations as well as in historical simulations of climate models. Is this non-stationarity due to changes in effects of external forcing or internal atmospheric processes? Whilst ENSO is an important oceanic forcing of Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations, its impacts cannot explain the observed long-term changes in the Indian–East Asian summer rainfall relationship. Monte Carlo test indicates that the role of random processes cannot be totally excluded in the observed long-term changes of the relationship. Analysis of climate model outputs shows that the Indian–North China summer rainfall relationship displays obvious temporal variations in both individual and ensemble mean model simulations and large differences among model simulations. This suggests an important role played by atmospheric internal variability in changes of the Indian–East Asian summer rainfall relationship. This point of view is supported by results from a 100-years AGCM simulation with climatological SST specified in the global ocean. The correlation between Indian and North China or southern Japan summer rainfall variations displays large fluctuations in the AGCM simulation.

Three complete exoskeletons of Shantungia, belonging to Shantungia sinensis(Bergeron, 1899) and Shantungia liuin. sp., were recovered from the Cambrian Kushan Formation at the Wohushan, Lujiahucun Village, Lanshan District, Linyi City, as well as Jiulongshan and Shengjing sections, Laiwu City, Shandong, China. This paper is dealing with the first record of the complete exoskeletons and associated hypostomes of Shanungiasince its establishment over 110 years ago. As an important genus of Damesellidae, the new discovery resolves features of the dorsal morphology, clarifies morphological diversity within the family and enables revision of previous taxonomic works.

AbstractThis study investigates the origins of intraseasonal rainfall variations over the southern South China Sea (SCS) region in boreal winter. It is found that intraseasonal rainfall variations over the southern SCS have different origins on the 10–20-day and 30–60-day time scales. On the 10–20-day time scale, large rainfall anomalies over the southern SCS are preceded by strong northerly wind anomalies associated with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM), by about two days. On the 30–60-day time scale, the strong EAWM-related northerly wind anomalies almost appear simultaneously with large rainfall anomalies over the southern SCS. In addition, obvious large rainfall anomalies occur over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean about one week before the peak southern SCS rainfall anomalies. It indicates that the convection and related circulation anomalies with origins over the tropical Indian Ocean may play an important role in inducing intraseasonal rainfall variations over the southern SCS on the 30–60-day time scale, but not on the 10–20-day time scale.

AbstractPrecipitation events spanning multiple days may have consequences different from those limited to a single day. In the present paper, the authors analyze circulation anomalies and precursory signals associated with long-duration (over 14 days) summer precipitation events over southern China. The results show that the over-14-day precipitation events are induced by an anomalous lower-tropospheric (850-hPa) cyclone over the South China Sea (SCS) and southern China. The anomalous westerly winds to the south of the anomalous cyclone can be traced to north of New Guinea 30 days before. To the north of anomalous westerly winds, anomalous easterly winds appear later. The anomalous westerly and easterly winds form a cyclonic anomaly, moving northward and slightly westward during the following days and eventually controlling the SCS and southern China. The northward movement of anomalous westerly and easterly winds can also be found in the 30–60-day filtered wind field. This implies that the northward propagating 30–60-day intraseasonal oscillation from the equatorial western Pacific has an important contribution to over-14-day precipitation events over southern China.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease worldwide that can affect almost all organs in the human body. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head has numerous possible causes. Patients usually experience movement disorders, severe pain, and an extremely high disability rate. We herein describe a 32-year-old male farmer living in Shanxi, China who accidentally injured his right hip while working. After 1 month of rest, the pain in the right hip was relieved, and the patient began to walk again. However, after 2 months of walking, he developed aggravated pain and claudication in the right lower limb. Examination revealed shortening of the right lower limb. We carried out a comprehensive and systematic examination and performed total hip arthroplasty. Hip trauma with Brucellainfection may progress to osteonecrosis of the femoral head in a short period of time without typical symptoms of Brucellainfection. Systematic examination and treatment should be performed at an early stage to prevent the eventual deterioration of the disease and serious complications that are difficult to treat.

Grain appearance quality traits, measured as grain length (GL), grain width (GW), length to width ratio (LWR), grain thickness (GT) and the percentage of grain with chalkiness (PGWC), as well as 1 000-grain weight (TGW), are very important factors that contribute to rice grain quality and yield. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting these traits, we developed a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Gang46B (G46B) and K1075, a G46B introgression line with lower PGWC. Based on a linkage map containing 33 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, a total of 15 additive QTLs governing six measured traits were identified on 4 chromosomes across two environments. Of these, the five major QTLs which controlled GW, LWR, GT, PGWC, and TGW, each explaining up to 44.30, 55.29, 62.30, 30.94, and 28.78% of the variation, respectively, were found in the same interval of RM18004–RM18068 on chromosome 5. The G46B alleles contributed to the increase in GW, GT and PGWC at all loci, as well as the increase in TGW at its major QTL locus. Significant interactions between additive QTL and the environment were found at most loci, in which the largest, accounting for 15.06% of variation, was observed between qPGWC-5and the environment. A total of 15 epistasis QTLs were detected for all the traits, and GL, GW and PGWC had significant epistasis QTLs based on environment interactions with minor effects. These results are valuable for future map-based cloning of the QTLs and the collaborative improvement of G46B in grain appearance quality and yield.

The appropriate concentration of gibberellin (GA3), auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) could significantly promote the accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensisroot. The content of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside and liquiritin apioside were positively correlated with glycyrrhizic acid in the theoretically chemical control network based on glycyrrhizic acid in G. uralensisroot.

We report remarkably enhanced thermoelectric performance of Te doped Cu2Se in midtemperature range. Through ball-milling process followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), nanoscale Cu2Te clusters were embeded in the matrix of Cu2Se, inducing a drastic enhancement of thermoelectric performance by reducing the thermal conductivity without degrading the power factor. A large ZTvalue of 1.9 was achieved at 873 K for Cu2Se1.9Te0.1, which is about 2 times larger than that of the pure Cu2Se. The nanoscale heat management by Cu2Te nanoclusters in superionic conductors opens up an avenue for thermoelectric materials research.

The recent advances in cloud services technology are fueling a plethora of information technology innovation, including networking, storage, and computing. Today, various flavors have evolved of IoT, cloud computing, and so-called fog computing, a concept referring to capabilities of edge devices and users’ clients to compute, store, and exchange data among each other and with the cloud. Although the rapid pace of this evolution was not easily foreseeable, today each piece of it facilitates and enables the deployment of what we commonly refer to as a smart scenario, including smart cities, smart transportation, and smart homes. As most current cloud, fog, and network services run simultaneously in each scenario, we observe that we are at the dawn of what may be the next big step in the cloud computing and networking evolution, whereby services might be executed at the network edge, both in parallel and in a coordinated fashion, as well as supported by the unstoppable technology evolution. As edge devices become richer in functionality and smarter, embedding capacities such as storage or processing, as well as new functionalities, such as decision making, data collection, forwarding, and sharing, a real need is emerging for coordinated management of fog-to-cloud (F2C) computing systems. This article introduces a layered F2C architecture, its benefits and strengths, as well as the arising open and research challenges, making the case for the real need for their coordinated management. Our architecture, the illustrative use case presented, and a comparative performance analysis, albeit conceptual, all clearly show the way forward toward a new IoT scenario with a set of existing and unforeseen services provided on highly distributed and dynamic compute, storage, and networking resources, bringing together heterogeneous and commodity edge devices, emerging fogs, as well as conventional clouds. Introduction: The Scenario

Wastewater containing oil and polyacylamide is a kind of organic wastewater, which is hard to treat. The combined process of moving-bed biofilm reactor and sulphate-reducing bacteria was used to treat the wastewater. Operating conditions of moving-bed biofilm reactor and sulphate-reducing bacteria were studied. Results indicate that the oil removal efficiency by moving-bed biofilm reactor can reach above 90% with 9 hours hydraulic retention time at 25°C, but it has no effect on polyacylamide. Sulphate-reducing bacteria can degrade polyacylamide, and polyacylamide conversion is about 50% at 37°C with 4 days culture time and 9ml inoculation size. The effluent quality of wastewater containing oil and polyacylamide can meet requirements of the first level in integrated wastewater discharge standard.

A new type of powertrain system was developed for electric hybrid vehicles. It is mainly composed of engine, first electric motor, first shaft, synchronizer mechanism, second electric motor, planetary gear set and second shaft. The adoption of one planetary gear set and synchronizer mechanism make it can be operated in four different operation modes with high energy efficiency and lower cost, its four operation modes are pure electric driving, hybrid driving, independent engine driving and regenerative braking. These four operation modes can fit the vehicle practical conditions according to order from the control system.

Machining operations are performed by machine tools with a large amount of energy consumed for material removal. Understanding and characterizing the energy consumption is essential to explore the potential of energy-saving in energy-efficient machining. For this purpose, this paper proposes a method for modeling energy consumption of end milling operation which is based on cutting theory. The cutting power model is verified with experiments on a CNC milling machine. According to the calculated and experimental results, it is clear that the theoretical prediction can predict the mean cutting power successfully as validated by actual measurements.

With the rapid development of machinery industry, the processing parameters which affect on the quality of the products in machining and measuring index also appeared diversified, which makes the study of multi-objective optimization problem is very important. Among the many factors, cutting consumption plays a key role in many indicators, in effect, cutting force and cutting temperature on the quality and performance of products is the most prominent, so this paper takes PCBN tool cutting Cr12MoV steel as the experimental basis, the cutting parameters to optimize the parameters;the cutting force and cutting temperature as the index;with the aid of the BP neural network modeling of cutting force and cutting temperature, at the same time, this paper improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve multiple objectives, provides multi objective optimization parameters more reliable for die steel production process.

Researched the surface-enhanced Raman scattering on nanoparticle in terahertz range, and proved the existence of the same phenomenon-Raman enhancements in the terahertz band. By studying the electromagnetic enhancement principle of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, proposed to using finite difference time-domain to simulate the surface-enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticles in the terahertz irradiated. Simulation results show that the FDTD method can effectively simulate the scattering of nanoparticles in terahertz band, resulting in surface-enhanced Raman scattering from the visible and infrared bands extended to the terahertz band, and the result provides basis for terahertz waves and surface-enhanced Raman scattering the combined application.

After the metro run a long time, the bottom of the car body will be deposited amount of dusts. We must remove the dusts in the bottom. If we take some traditional methods, this not only will make the working environment dirty, but also unable to clear all dusts. This paper analyzes the dusts in the metro’s bottom first, and then introduces the dusts removal project, this project use 4 air compressors and 6 industrial vacuum cleaners, air compressors are on one side, and industrial vacuum cleaners are on the other side, this means we take two way to deduce the dust at the same time, blow and inhale. Last we design the vacuum pipelines.

The use of air pressure pump for local pressurization in pressure air system is an important application of energy saving technology of pneumatic. The firemen respirator fixed inflatable this basic principle device utilization system design. Due to the different inflation affects firefighters respirator fixed inflatable device energy consumption and filling speed, in this paper, the energy consumption by comparing different charging mode , and the charging mode is optimized to achieve rapid fire breathing bottle inflated and improve firefighter respirator fixed inflatable device efficiency.

Based on air monitoring data during 1996-2011 in Nanchong city,analysis of atmospheric SO2、NO2 annual variation characteristics and laws, and quality evaluation. The results show that: the concentration of SO2 decreased, and the small fluctuations in the range of SO2 concentrations in recent 16 years of Nanchong City. Annual average of mass concentration of SO2 more than 0.1 mg / m3 in 1996-2000, and not more than second level of "ambient air quality standard" GB3095-2012 in 2001-1011.The concentration of NO2 fluctuated between 0.034 mg / m3 and 0.056 mg / m3 in 1996-2001, and are less than 0.040 mg / m3 2002-2011.In the all, pollution of SO2、NO2 are reduced significantly through the treatment.

Wartsila RT-flex 60C diesel engine is selected as the object to research pressure control of fuel common rail system, building the system simulation model, and analyzing main factors influencing rail pressure in the system. it was concluded that they were diesel engine speed, load. In the process of MATLAB/Simulink simulation, the rail pressure control logic was designed by adopting maps with the two factors as independent variables to get theory feedforward quantity of fuel rack, feedback quantity of fuel rack is obtained by fuzzy PID control. The simulation experiments show that the improved control method reduces the rail pressure fluctuation, at the same time the overshoot volume of dynamic rail pressure control is greatly reduced, response velocity quickened. The control method has been used in a Marine simulator.

Facing to the problem of hierarchical structure decision analysis which is made of scheme level + factor level + target level, the analytic hierarchy process gives a whole set of solution and process. This method is used to evaluate diesel engine simulation model. Evaluate original mean value model of large-scale low-speed marine diesel engine and the new one by this method. Calculated results prove this method is applicable.

AbstractThe present reported study investigated the persistence of snow anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from the preceding seasons to summer and the relationship between the previous snow cover anomaly and summer precipitation over East Asia. The results showed that, relative to other snow indices, such as the station observational snow depth (SOSD) index and the snow water equivalent (SWE) index, the snow cover area proportion (SCAP) index calculated from the SWE and the percentage of visible snow of the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-grids) dataset has a higher persistence in interannual anomalies, particularly from May to summer. As such, the May SCAP index is significantly related to summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region. The persistence of the SCAP index can partly explain the season-delayed effect of snow cover over the TP on summer rainfall over the Meiyu-Baiu region besides the contribution of the soil moisture bridge.The preceding SST anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean and ENSO can persist through the summer and affect the summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region. However, the May SCAP index is mostly independent of the simultaneous SSTs in the tropical Indian Ocean and the preceding ENSO and may affect the summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region independent of the effects of the SST anomalies. Therefore, the May SCAP over the TP could be regarded as an important supplementary factor in the forecasting of summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region.

The virtual reality technology can help us to make more scientific and rational design, process more simple and optimized, and teaching more vivid and natural. This text, taking the human-computer interactive simulation of the upper limb operations for example, classifies a wide range of man-machine interfaces that related to the upper limb operations of human, and through the operations analysis and motion analysis of human to find a breakthrough point, so as to carry out the research of targeted countermeasures. The purpose of the research is to complete product platform to provide effective services for teaching and industry.

Design a DC/AC converter based on simplex single voltage source high frequency pulse DC loop technology, the output is 115V400Hz, 0.9KVA and the input is three phase alternating current. The forward part is DC/DC converter which provides pulse D.C. to the back part DC/AC converter. Implement soft-switch by changing the on-off state of switching tubes on the inversion arm path at the zero-voltage instant of the pulse direct current, no need of the auxiliary resonant net. The system takes three-state DPM current hysteresis control mode, gets good performance on output wave and efficiency.

After hard cutting process, processed surface residual stress distribution state has a significantly effect on life of parts. In this paper, typical mold steel Cr12moV as the object of study, after the hard state processing in different cutting parameters and tool parameters, effects of different cutting parameters and tool parameters on surface residual stress and residual stress affected layer. Results showed that different cutting parameters and tool parameters can make different tensile stress distributing on surface, and the residual surface stress is can also be compressive stress. Through the experiment can be found with greater speed, cutting tool wear is bigger, the machined surface residual compressive stress and affected layer depth and when the tool flank wear is greater than 0.3mm, also the surface residual stress distribution curve downward obviously. The research results provide reference for optimization of processing conditions.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been frequently observed worldwide, causing devastating impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems, but the trend of MHWs is still unclear in the South China Sea (SCS). Here, the long-term trend and inter-annual variability of the summer SCS MHW events are investigated based on the high-resolution daily satellite data. The results revealed remarkable increases in the duration, intensity, coverage, and severity during 1982–2019, indicating that the SCS MHW events have become more frequent, intense, extensive, and serious. The probability ratio of SCS MHW events is four times during the 2010s of that during the 1980s. The increasing trend can be largely attributed to the long-term increase in the mean SCS temperature. The inter-annual variability of the SCS MHWs is linked closely to the El Niño and Southern Oscillation, with more/less MHW events occurring during the following summer after the El Niño/La Niña events. A diagnosis of synoptic-scale heat budget suggests that the extreme SCS warming can be explained by the combined effects of positive surface heat flux largely due to the enhanced shortwave radiation and convergence of oceanic advection in association with an anomalous upper-ocean anticyclone. The effect of surface heat flux seems to be predominant over the large spatial coverage, whereas oceanic heat transport is also important in some specific regions. The large-scale anticyclonic circulation anomalies over the northwestern Pacific accompanying the westward-extending western Pacific subtropical high during the El Niño decay summers play an essential role in the building-up and persistence of the extreme warming, which has important implications for the prediction of the SCS MHWs.

The bogie separated equipment for straddle type monorail vehicle was researched, and the mathematics model of proportional hydraulic valve cylinder lifting system was set up and simulated. Based on the PID controller theory and the principle of fuzzy control, the fuzzy self-turning fuzzy-PID controller was designed. According to the fuzzy logic tool box and simulink of MATLAB, the simulation study was carried out. The results indicate that, the self-tuning fuzzy-PID controller can satisfy the requirements of the control system well.

Effects of adding sepiolite and mycorrhizal in soil polluted by heavy metals on nutrient elements in maize were studied. Results of pot culture experiments indicate that sepiolite treatment and combined treatment of sepiolite and mycyorrhizals can promote phosphorus and calcium absorptions by shoots and roots of maize, and prohibit their absorptions of manganese and magnesium.The sepiolite treatment decrease iron concentrations in shoots and roots of maize. The combined treatment of sepiolite and mycorrhizals give no significant effect on iron concentrations in shoots. The treatments of Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices give no significant effects on concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in shoots and roots, but decrease magnesium concentration in them. They show no evident effect on concentrations of iron and manganese in shoots, but increase the manganese concentration in roots. The treatment of Glomus intraradices increases iron concentration in roots. The two kinds of mycorrhizals give different performances.

A new type of electric power train system was designed for fully hybrid electric city bus, which is mainly composed of engine, power coupling mechanism, first motor, second motor, motor controller, power train controller, power battery, and Drive axle. Its main characteristics of power coupling mechanism is adoption of one planetary gear set to realize the function that can be provided by two planetary gear sets. The new power train can be manufactured with lower cost because of its simple structure with higher transmission efficiency and less faults such as oil leakage. The new system can provide five operation modes for city bus, which are hybrid driving, pure electric driving, regenerative braking, grid charging, and stop charging.

Through investigation and study, a risk evaluation index system of BT engineering project was tried to establish in the paper, from three levels of macro, meso and micro. In view of the mutual influence from the risk indexes in the BT engineering project, this paper used ANP to conduct risk evaluation research. A large-scale BT engineering project as an example, the relative weight and ranking of the risk factors are obtained and the main risk factors are analyzed and evaluated by using the method of the ANP.

In this paper, we use ANSYS finite element software to establish calculation model of the underground powerhouse and FLAC3D to calculate the model in different excavation stages. The purpose of calculation is to predict the surrounding rock displacement after excavation for the reference and evaluation of surrounding rock anchoring and rock mass strength on the basis of the computed result of primary stress and displacement.