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"Residential Group Care Quarterly" is published four times a year by the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA). This issue of "Residential Group Care Quarterly" contains the following articles: (1) Strengthening the Culture of Care in Child Care Agencies (Vonda I. Wallace and Jean Carpenter-Williams); (2) Improving Restraint Monitoring with Pulse Oximetry (Kim J. Masters); (3) Male and Female Brains and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Nick Pidgeon); and (4) Point/Counterpoint: What Is the Best Congregate Care Setting for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youth? (Rob Woronoff and Amy R. Rhodes). Individual articles contain references.

This document is comprised of the four 1995-1996 issues of "Classroom Compass," a newsletter of the Eisenhower Southwest Consortium for the Improvement of Mathematics and Science Teaching. Each issue contains a "Resources and Opportunities" section, a reading list, excerpts from the National Science Education Standards, and learning activities. The reading lists included in these issues pertain to equity in science and mathematics education and classroom assessment. Miscellaneous background articles address design in the classroom and science and mathematics for all. The learning activities provided enable students to study the functions of the heart, pendulum motion, a design exploration that uses the story of the three little pigs, and a design exploration about power boat design. Excerpts from the National Science Education Standards provide information on science and technology across grade levels, assessment in mathematics classrooms, the world beyond the classroom, and environments for learning about science. (DDR)

This newsletter contains six articles: (1) "Early Flavor Experiences: When Do They Start?" Julie A. Mennella and Gary K. Beauchamp); (2) "Infant Massage" (Tiffany Field); (3) "The Infant's Sixth Sense: Awareness and Regulation of Bodily Processes" (Stephen W. Porges); (4) "Sensory Contributions to Action: A Sensory Integrative Approach" (Marie E. Anzalone); (5) "Sensory Experiences in Infancy" (Lois Barclay Murphy with Rachel Moon); and (6) "An Earlier Head Start: Planning an Intervention Program for Economically Disadvantaged Families and Children Ages Zero to Three" (Edward Zigler and Sally J. Styfco). The newsletter also contains notes from the retiring director of Zero To Three; a letter to the editor; and descriptions of several videotapes and publications on topics related to child development. (BC)

This bulletin highlights topics addressed at a National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE) Action Seminar on Infants Exposed to Illicit Drugs and Alcohol in Utero. The incidence of babies being born exposed to cocaine and other illicit drugs is outlined, and it is concluded that numbers appear to be on the rise. The effects of illegal drugs on newborns are spelled out, and physiological causes of these effects are noted. Myths and realities in the effects of illicit drug use are identified. The need for joint coordinated efforts by several service agencies is discussed. Behavioral and academic strengths and limitations of these children, as determined from several research projects, are described. A list of recommendations pertaining to infants and children exposed to illicit drugs is presented. The bulletin concludes with NASDSE's statement to the House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control at a July 1991 hearing, and an excerpt from an amendment to the Higher Education Act Reauthorization related to training for teachers of drug-exposed children. (JDD)

Focusing on the issue of feeding infants, this journal covers a wide range of information, research, and issues related to breast-feeding and its alternatives for feeding infants in both developing and industrialized countries. The journal is divided into the following sections: (1) "The Epidemiology of Breast-feeding: Frequency and Duration," including discussions of the decline in breast-feeding, and types and indicators of feeding; (2) "Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammary Glands"; (3) "Lactation: Its Advantages and Consequences," including explanations of nutritional, anti-infective, and psychological advantages, and discussions of mothers' nutritional status and planned parenthood; (4) "Managing Breast-feeding," which explains the procedure for, possible difficulties with, and actions to promote breast-feeding; (5) "Artificial Feeding"; and (6) "Weaning and Diversification," which discusses the relationship between diet and child development, and foods that can supplement breast milk. Recommendations for additional reading are provided. Appendices include sample questions for use in surveys on breast-feeding indicators; a list of 10 prerequisites for successful breast-feeding; and a summary of the international code for infant feeding. (MM)

Recent advances in instructional knowledge, as well as their usefulness for fitting instructional strategies to individual students, are the subject of this four-chapter survey of research literature. Chapter 1 summarizes research on learning styles--the ways in which individuals perceive, analyze, interpret, and respond to learning situations. Examined in this chapter are cognitive styles, including data reception and concept formation and retention; affective styles, comprising attention, expectancy, and incentive styles; physiological styles, such as developmental and sex- and health-related differences; and practical considerations in the use of instruments to measure learning styles. Chapter 2 covers research on brain lateralization (the location of different functions in the brain's right or left hemispheres), the brain's building of models of reality, and brain growth stages. Learning time research is considered in chapter 3, which reviews findings about time on task and about variations among students in the time needed to master a subject. The final chapter looks at the administrative implications of recent research, noting first the problems with earlier attempts to individualize instruction and then discussing the implications of findings in the three areas of learning styles, brain development, and learning time. (RW)

This annual volume is a compilation of professional articles and proceedings from a conference addressing timely issues in speech-language pathology and audiology. Featured articles include: (1) "Glottal Airflow: Instrumentation and Interpretation" (Christine M. Sapienza); (2) "Clinical Implications of Motor Speech Disorders in Elementary School-Age Children" (Judith C. L. Sutter and Michael A. Crary); (3) "Spanish Phonology: A Review of the Literature" (Alejandro Brice); (4) "Application of Various Production and Reception Measures to a Fluency Evaluation: A Case Report" (Dale F. Williams and Richard S. Saul); (5) "The Transparency of Amer-Ind Code" (Elizabeth A. Markman and others); (6) "Perspectives on the Future of Professional Training in Speech-Language Pathology: An Introduction" (Michael A. Crary); (7) "Professional Education in Communication Sciences and Disorders" (Malcolm R. McNeil); (8) "Report on a Consensus Conference in Medical Speech-Language Pathology" (Michael E. Groher); (9) "Present and Future Trends in Graduate Education" (Betsy P. Vinson); (10) "(Re)Training Practicing Clinicians: Clinical Education: Clinical Education/Clinical Competencies" (Michael A. Crary); and (11) "The Role and Practice of Clinical Specialty Recognition in the Future Training of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists" (Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi). (Articles contain references.) (CR)

Eight issues of this research journal on gifted children include the following topics: (1) Profile of a Gifted Child: The Johns Hopkins Program for Mathematically Precocious Youth--Fall 1986; (2) The Impact of the Arts on Our Civilization: Excerpts from Colloquium III (Louisville, Kentucky)--Summer 1987; (3) Why Are Asians so Smart? An Evolutionary Approach--Winter 1988; (4) Why Are Asians so Smart--Part II--Commentary on "The Intelligence of the Mongoloids: A Psychometric, Evolutionary and Neurological Theory" by Richard Lynn--Summer 1988; (5) Terry Tao: Education for the Gifted in Egalitarian Australia [and] Winners of the MERF Awards for Excellence--Fall 1988; (6) Science and Society: Our Critical Challenges; Proceedings of Colloquium IV (Austin, Texas)--Spring 1989; (7) (Focus on Kazimierz Dabrowski, Psychiatrist)--Fall 1989; (8) Mentors: Did You Have One? Could You Be One? [and] Gifted and Handicapped: Not an Oxymoron--Spring 1990. (AA)

The article discusses the benefits of being in nature for our health and well-being. It explains that being in nature can lower heart rate and blood pressure, reduce stress hormones, and increase brainwave activity associated with calmness and clarity. The article also explores the effects of different sensory experiences in nature, such as the colors, landscapes, smells, sounds, and touch. It highlights the importance of spending at least 20 minutes at a time in nature and at least 120 minutes each week to maximize the benefits. The article suggests incorporating nature into homes, offices, schools, and hospitals to improve well-being and cognitive performance. It also emphasizes the need for greater biodiversity in cities for both nature and human well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Subterranean ecosystems, including caves and fissures, are home to a diverse range of unique and often undiscovered species. However, new research suggests that these underground habitats are not as safe from climate change as previously thought. Rising temperatures, drought, and other environmental changes are impacting these ecosystems and leaving their inhabitants stranded. Scientists are now working to map and understand the subterranean ecosystem in order to prioritize conservation efforts and protect this important and often overlooked part of nature. Additionally, subterranean ecosystems play a crucial role in providing services such as water storage and purification, and studying these habitats can provide insights into evolutionary processes and human health. Conservation efforts are urgently needed to protect these keystone ecosystems and the species that depend on them. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the significance of rodents, particularly house mice and rats, in scientific research and their adaptation to human environments. It highlights how their rapid reproduction, social behavior, and genetic similarities to humans make them ideal laboratory subjects for studying various biological processes and diseases, contributing immensely to advancements in genetics and physiology.

The article focuses on a meadowsweet extract developed to control the bacteria Staphylococcus hominis and its enzymatic activity, which contribute to underarm odor. Topics include the physiological mechanisms of sweat production, the role of the skin microbiota in generating malodor, and the efficacy of a deodorant containing meadowsweet extract, which significantly reduced odor and maintained skin microbiome balance.

The article titled "Rat Trap" provides a historical overview of animal testing in scientific research, specifically focusing on vivisection in the late 1800s. It explores the motivations behind animal experimentation, including career ambitions and social aspirations. The article also discusses objections to vivisection based on species differences and the questionable relevance of animal experiments to human medicine. It mentions the establishment of a Royal Commission on Vivisection in Britain in 1875 and the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876, which was the first law to regulate animal experimentation. The Act allowed experiments as long as they aimed to advance physiological knowledge or save lives, but faced opposition from those who believed it gave too much freedom to experimenters. The article highlights the strong opposition to animal experimentation and the belief among scientists that it was necessary for medical progress, despite limited evidence of its benefits. The author, Dr. Pandora Pound, advocates for human biology-based drug development and testing as an alternative to animal experimentation. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the relationship between emotion regulation and sleep in adolescents. It highlights the importance of sufficient sleep for controlling emotions and emphasizes that poor sleep can amplify negative emotions and affect their control. The article cites studies that show a decrease in connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in sleep-deprived individuals, leading to poorly controlled emotions. While more research has been done with adults, studies with children also show similar results. The article concludes by emphasizing the critical role of sufficient and regular sleep for various aspects of adolescents' daily lives. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a long-term study that began in 1967 in the United Kingdom, which revealed a surprising discovery about the health outcomes of British civil servants based on their rank within the hierarchy. Lower-ranked employees, such as office support staff, experienced higher rates of mortality and coronary heart disease, potentially linked to their lack of influence over decision-making and resulting stress levels at work.

This article from Deer & Deer Hunting discusses the importance of proper kidney function for the survival of deer and hunters. The kidneys in both deer and humans are responsible for balancing body water and excreting waste products. Deer have two kidneys located near the tail, which are covered in fat that indicates their physical condition. Deer urine contains hormones, water, salts, proteins, and metabolites, while human urine is simpler. Sodium is a crucial electrolyte for deer, and their urine plays a role in communication and marking territories. The article also mentions the commercial collection of deer urine for the attractant industry. The author concludes that there may be some truth to the idea that urine can attract deer. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on Wet Carcass Syndrome (WCS), a troubling condition that affects sheep carcasses after slaughter and poses significant economic challenges to the industry. Topics include the clinical signs and impact of WCS on carcass handling and marketability, the challenges in detecting the syndrome before slaughter, and ongoing research aimed at identifying genetic markers to aid in early detection and management.

The article explores the application of micronutrients, particularly boron and zinc, to help improve the oil quality of oilseed rape. Topics discussed include the significance of micronutrients in oilseed rape production, the key role of zinc and boron in the growth and development of oilseed rape, and the implementation of biofortification techniques in oilseed crops.

An interview with Stephanie Czajka, a scientist and science journalist, is presented. She discussed her book on breathing techniques specifically for wind instrument players, emphasizing the physiological processes involved in breathing and support. She mentioned that while breathing is instinctive, its complexity can lead to errors that affect performance.

A new program in Melbourne, Australia is using the study of hormones in wildlife to help save endangered species from extinction. The program, led by Dr. Marissa Parrott and Dr. Kerry Fanson, focuses on understanding the role of hormones in animal health, behavior, and reproduction. By studying hormone levels in animals such as the mountain pygmy-possum, Leadbeater's possum, Tasmanian devil, and New Holland mouse, the researchers hope to develop biomarkers that can be used to monitor the reproductive health of endangered species without causing stress or harm. Additionally, their work has provided insights into human reproduction and potential infertility issues. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the limitations of traditional environmental monitoring methods and the need for more comprehensive approaches to assess ecosystem health. Topics include the shortcomings of current monitoring practices in detecting subtle changes, the potential of multi-omics data to provide deeper insights into ecosystem function, and the importance of incorporating transcriptome analysis to identify organisms and genetic pathways for a more accurate assessment of environmental health.

Copyright of Enólogos is the property of Periodistas Asociados de Ciudad Real SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the intricacies of sparkling wine bubbles, detailing the scientific processes behind their formation and behavior upon opening a bottle. It delves into the thermodynamics involved in uncorking, explaining how the release of trapped gas leads to phenomena like condensation clouds and rapid bubble formation. It also touches on the sensory experience of carbonation, linking it to physiological responses in the mouth.

The article delves into the intricate anatomy and physiology of the hands and arms concerning musicians,. It focuses on the complexities of hand movements and wrist stability required in playing musical instruments, offering insights into muscle activation, joint positioning and exercises to prevent strain and optimize performance while emphasizing the importance of maintaining a neutral wrist position and addressing muscular imbalances to enhance musicians' well-being and playing capabilities.

Humans have a strong desire for spinning, and researchers are interested in understanding why. One theory suggests that this desire originated in a common ape ancestor. When a person spins, the fluid inside their inner ears moves, causing a miscommunication between the brain and body and resulting in a dizzy feeling. This altered mental state can bring about physiological "highs" and has benefits for autistic individuals. Primatologists have found that great apes, such as orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, also engage in spinning, indicating that our desire for dizziness may have evolved from a distant, common ancestor. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the potential of fiber as an untapped energy source for dairy cows. Ruminants have the ability to digest fiber, and maximizing fiber digestion can increase energy extraction for milk production and improve feed efficiency. Factors that affect fiber digestion include the anatomy of the fiber, lignin content, particle size, passage rate, rumination, and the rumen microbiome. The article also highlights the importance of maintaining optimal rumen conditions and introduces the use of live yeast as a tool to enhance fiber degradation and improve feed efficiency. Overall, effective management and feeding practices that support optimal rumen function can lead to better energy extraction from fiber and improve farm profitability. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the concept of biostasis, a state of suspended animation or physiological stability, and the research being conducted to develop a drug that can induce this state. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has funded research into biostasis with the goal of extending the "golden hour" after severe injury to improve chances of survival. The article discusses the successful testing of a small-molecule drug called SNC80 on Xenopus tadpoles, which slowed down their swimming, heart rate, and oxygen consumption without adverse effects. While the perfect biostasis drug has not yet been developed, this research is seen as a promising first step. The article also mentions the physiological mechanisms observed in Tibetan monks during meditation, which involve slowing down metabolism. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the unique physiology of lips and how it affects their care, highlighting the insights into lip care and the importance of lip balm and protection from environmental factors such as sun exposure. Topics include the differences in skin structure between lips and the rest of the body, the thinner stratum corneum, and lower ceramide content in lip skin.

The article focuses on the author's personal journey with epilepsy, exploring the physiological, consciousness, and spiritual dimensions of her experience. Topics discussed include the challenges faced in conventional medical treatment, the transformative role of meditation, and the integration of holistic practices in the author's healing journey. It also highlights the importance of spiritual evolution, self-awareness, and meditation in managing health challenges.

Ticks transmit pathogens and harbour non-pathogenic, vertically transmitted intracellular bacteria termed endosymbionts. Almost all ticks studied to date contain 1 or more of Coxiella , Francisella , Rickettsia or Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii endosymbionts, indicative of their importance to tick physiology. Genomic and experimental data suggest that endosymbionts promote tick development and reproductive success. Here, we review the limited information currently available on the potential roles endosymbionts play in enhancing tick metabolism and fitness. Future studies that expand on these findings are needed to better understand endosymbionts' contributions to tick biology. This knowledge could potentially be applied to design novel strategies that target endosymbiont function to control the spread of ticks and pathogens they vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Integrated intelligence: How modern farm animals manifest the power of plant genius" discusses the shift in modern animal production towards complexity and unpredictability due to various factors such as sustainability, climate change, and consumer behavior. It highlights the importance of embracing complexity and respecting the power of plant genius in addressing the challenges faced by production animals. The concept of integrated intelligence is introduced as a way to decode plant genius and improve animal resilience in a dynamic environment. The article emphasizes the need for non-linear and dynamic solutions to tackle systemic problems in modern animal production. [Extracted from the article]