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Tissue engineering needs versatile methods as a mean to monitor morphological and functional success of the constructs such as scaffolds and implants. In this study, electrospun scaffolds based on poly(caprolactone) (PCL) were fabricated by electrospinning method and seeded by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to investigate the morphological effects on osteogenic differentiation. Prior to cell seeding, substrates were modified and functionalized by increasing porosity via removal of sacrificial component and covalently grafting/adsorption of collagen type 1 (Col I) and nanohydroxy apatite particles (nHA). Images of the alizarin red stained substrate on day 21 of cell culture were obtained and by image processing techniques, extend of mineralization was evaluated. According to the results, mineral compound was more secreted from cells on the scaffolds with higher porosity and covalently functionalized surface.

In this article, we proposed an active learning method for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation based on uniform linear array (ULA) antennas with very low computational complexity. In particular, an adaptive fuzzy sampling strategy was used to make a model and refine it according to the snapshot data collected by multiple antennas to estimate the DOA angles. The proposed gridless fuzzy pipeline sequential design zero-forcing (PLSD-ZF) sampling can reduce complexity by dividing the angle space into subsets and using the measurements of the appropriate subsets to obtain more accurate DOA estimates. Our simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy PLSD-ZF scheme outperforms other well-known ones in the presence of unknown mutual coupling (MC), nonuniform noise (NN), and data with a mixture distribution (MIX).

AbstractA provision of impervious blanket is investigated aiming to reduce seepage and to increase embankment dam’s stability. The investigation generates sufficient data for typical 2D embankment dam cross-sections by numerically solving a wide range of configurations of a provision of upstream blanket. The generated data comprise the correlation between seepage and the various configuration parameters in terms of upstream blanket thickness and length, effects of anisotropy of bed material, foundation depth, and permeability. These data-sets were used to develop design charts, regression, and ANN models. Results showed that application of impervious of blanket in upstream of the earthen dam at appropriate length and thickness is effective in reducing seepage and thereby increasing dam stability. Performance of ANN was excellent in prediction of seepage.

Background: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disease that affects multiple body systems with the neurological manifestations causing the greatest disease burden. The objective of this study was to understand the scope of neurological TSC care delivery across Canada. Methods: A survey was developed after literature review and discussion amongst two Paediatric Epileptologists and one Nurse Practitioner with expertise in TSC. Canadian Paediatric Neurologists participated via an anonymous web-based survey through the Canadian League Against Epilepsy (CLAE) and Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (CNSF). Results: Fifty-eight responses were received. A dedicated TSC clinic was reported by 24% (n=14). Sixty percent (n= 35) reported preforming serial screening EEG monitoring in infants and 58% (n= 34) started prophylactic therapy when EEG abnormalities occurred. Vigabatrin was used in 37% (n=21). For management of drug-resistant epilepsy, surgery was reported as the preferred therapeutic option in 57% (n=32) of respondents. Barriers to treatment identified were a lack of multi-disciplinary care, unfamiliarity with new therapies and insufficient resources. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the variability in neurological care delivery of patients with TSC. With few dedicated TSC clinics, there is a need for the establishment of a national network to support clinical practice, research and education.

Recent evidence has implicated the transmembrane co-receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in cancer progression. Primarily known as a regulator of neuronal guidance and angiogenesis, NRP1 is also expressed in multiple human malignancies, where it promotes tumor angiogenesis. However, non-angiogenic roles of NRP1 in tumor progression remain poorly characterized. In this study, we define NRP1 as an androgen-repressed gene whose expression is elevated during the adaptation of prostate tumors to androgen-targeted therapies (ATTs), and subsequent progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated suppression of NRP1, we demonstrate that NRP1 regulates the mesenchymal phenotype of mCRPC cell models and the invasive and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells in vivo. In patients, immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays and mRNA expression analyses revealed a positive association between NRP1 expression and increasing Gleason grade, pathological T score, positive lymph node status and primary therapy failure. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of several large clinical prostate cancer (PCa) cohorts identified NRP1 expression at radical prostatectomy as an independent prognostic biomarker of biochemical recurrence after radiation therapy, metastasis and cancer-specific mortality. This study identifies NRP1 for the first time as a novel androgen-suppressed gene upregulated during the adaptive response of prostate tumors to ATTs and a prognostic biomarker of clinical metastasis and lethal PCa.

There is no information available about the IL-18 receptor in ovarian follicles, so the present study attempts to demonstrate the expression of IL-18 and its receptor in human granulosa cells (GCs). To evaluate the concentration of IL-18 in serum and follicular fluid (FF), we collected serum and FF from 102 women undergoing oocyte retrieval. Also, to detect expression of IL-18 and its receptor by luteinized GCs, these cells were pooled six times from a total of twenty individual patients with 5–16 follicles each. The IL-18 concentration was determined by ELISA and the expression of IL-18 and its receptor by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that the median IL-18 concentration in serum, 159.27 pg/ml (IQR 121.41–210.1), was significantly higher than in FF, 142.1 pg/ml (IQR 95.7–176.5), p< 0.001. Moreover, we found that IL-18 and its receptor are expressed by GCs. The presence of IL-18 in FF and the expression of IL-18 and its receptor by GCs suggest an important role for this cytokine in ovarian function.

Considering potential roles of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in ovarian function and embryo implantation, in the present study we have evaluated the association of these factors and also PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio with the ovarian response and implantation rate by dividing patients according to the OSI. In a cross-sectional study, 90 infertile women who were undergoing ICSI cycle using long protocol were recruited. The patients were divided according to ovarian sensitivity index (OSI). ICSI cycle outcomes were evaluated for each patient and PlGF, sFlt-1 and sRAGE levels of follicular fluid were assayed using commercial ELISA kits. Follicular fluid (FF) sRAGE levels and PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio were statistically greater in high-responder women than other responders (p< 0.05). Positive correlations were obtained between sRAGE level with the number of oocytes, follicles and OSI level. sRAGE levels with cutoff value of 4.83 (ng/ml) for evaluating the pregnancy outcome showed 81.8 % sensitivity and 60.7 % specificity. Furthermore, there were positive associations between PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio with the number of oocytes, embryos and OSI level. In conclusion, the results of current study supported that good ovarian response is independent of pregnancy outcome. Our results showed that FF levels of sRAGE and PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio could be used as markers for determining the high-responder women. Also, FF sRAGE levels could be a good predictor for ART outcome.

In this article, a mathematical model is developed to evaluate the influence of strain hardening on energy absorption and mean crushing load of thin-walled grooved conical tubes. For this purpose, the tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer grooves at different positions along the axis. These grooves facilitate the creating of uniform plastic hinges, and controlling the mode of collapse. The effects of various geometric parameters such as groove distances, groove depth and half apex angle of conical on the collapse response, energy absorption and mean crushing load are investigated. In this analytical model, the variation of circumferential strain and the strain hardening during formation of a fold has been taken into account. In order to verify these analytical results, quasi-static compression tests are performed. The results of this research indicate good agreement between the analytical model and the experimental findings for grooved conical tubes as an energy absorber.

Le gène ABCA12, impliqué dans la physiopathologie des ichtyoses congénitales à transmission autosomique récessive (ARCI), code pour la protéine ABCA12 : une protéine kératinocytaire, appartenant à la superfamille de transporteur ABC, transportant les lipides renfermés dans les granules lamellaires vers la surface apicale des kératinocytes de la couche granuleuse. Nous rapportons un nouveau phénotype clinique associé aux mutations de ce gène.

Les ichtyoses syndromiques représentent un groupe hétérogène de maladies rares associant une ichtyose et une atteinte d’un ou plusieurs autres organes. Le but de notre travail était d’étudier les caractéristiques cliniques et génétiques d’une série de cas d’ichtyoses syndromiques à transmission autosomique récessive (ISTAR).

Premature loss of a primary second molar may lead to space loss in the dental arch. This space loss tends to be more severe in unfavourable malocclusions. The distal shoe space maintainer (DSSM) may be beneficial in controlling the path of eruption of an unerupted permanent first molar from the primary into the early mixed dentition.This article describes the technique for achieving optimal fit of a chairside-fabricated band and DSSM in a single visit by contouring the distal shoe blade, and by extending it to the mesial surface of the permanent first molar.Upon the eruption of the permanent first molar DSSM may be modified to a reverse band-and-loop, or replaced by a lingual holding arch.

In this paper, an experimental study is presented to investigate the crushing behaviour and energy absorption of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy grooved tubes with different grooves shapes. In order to study the effects of geometry and number of grooves on the behaviour of the thin-walled cylindrical tubes, a series of quasi-static axial compression tests are performed. Also, several numerical simulations using ABAQUS finite element explicit code are performed to study the energy absorption characteristics of these structures. Meanwhile, this study focused on selecting the best geometry of grooves on the tube with comparison between crashworthiness characteristics and collapse mode. The grooves are formed as isosceles triangle, circular, trapezoid and rectangle, whose are introduced inside and outside the tube. In general, geometrical parameters of grooves and dimension of the tube are not changed along the tube. It was found that numbers and geometry of grooves are important to improve the uniformity of the load-displacement behaviour of axially crushed tubes, decrease the maximum crushing load, predict and control the collapse mode. Also, the analytical results for mean crushing load and energy absorption, using the equations presented in other paper are calculated and compared with the experimental and numerical results.

The flow behaviour of a polymer melt in the conveying region of an intermeshing corotating twin screw extruder was studied using the combination of mixed finite element and fictitious domain method. The model was a combination of the governing equations of continuity and momentum with Carreau rheological model in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The equations were solved by the use of a mixed Galerkin finite element technique. The Picard's iterative procedure was used to handle the non-linear nature of the derived equations. The particle tracking technique was used to obtain residence time distribution and analyse distributive mixing in conveying region. The shear rate distribution was investigated as a criterion for dispersive mixing. The applicability of this model was verified by the comparison of experimentally measured pressure and simulation results for high density polyethylene melt. This comparison shows that there is a good adequacy between experimental data and model predictions.

Both IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX) are immunomodulatory treatments used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), but the choice of which treatment to administer to patients is limited due to lack of evidence from adequately powered, masked, randomized, standardized trials.

Abstract: The regenerated silk fibroin dissolved in formic acid was electrospun into nanofiber mats. Structural characteristics of the spun as received and methanol and ethanol treated fibers were examined using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties and air permeability of the electrospun mats were also studied. IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry showed random coil conformation and amorphous structure for as-spun fibers while typical FTIR spectra and X-ray diffractograms of β-sheet crystalline structure were recorded for the methanol and ethanol treated fibers. The mechanical properties of the mats were found to be dependent on fiber diameter. The mats containing fibers with smaller diameter had higher tensile strength but lower breaking strain. Methanol and ethanol treatment enhanced tensile strengths of the mats at the expenses of their breaking strain. Air permeability and pore size of the mats are strongly associated with diameter of the electrospun fibers.

The biaxial bulge-forming of sheet metals is a standard test to evaluate the formability and mechanical behaviour of materials. A new dynamic bulge-testing method is simulated and analysed in this study that can be performed on a conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The aim of this work is to develop a numerical and theoretical technique for the analysis of materials and structures, which are dynamically loaded and subjected to the different levels of strain rates. The commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit has been selected as the numerical test bed for the simulation of the dynamic bulging test. In the new bulge-forming technique, flexible rubber is used as the pressure-carrying medium instead of hydraulic fluid. The theoretical analysis is based on conventional hydraulic bulge test principles and SHPB relations. To verify the accuracy of the developed technique, analytical and finite element methods are compared and show good correlation with each other.

Radial neuropathy following venipucture.

This research work is devoted to the development of a finite element model for the simulation of the flow of polymer melts through the metering zone of single screw extruders. The sets of the governing equations (flow and energy) were solved using the continuous penalty scheme and a streamline upwinding Petrov-Galerkin method, respectively. The non-Newtonian rheological behavior of the fluid was also taken into account by the use of the power-law model. The novelty of this work is the application of this model on the flow of a polypropylene melt through the helical geometry of a single screw extruder. To validate this model, the results of the computer simulations were compared with experimentally measured mass flow rate and also results from a previous model, which was based on the simulation of the flow in a flat flow domain. Comparisons showed that not only there are very good agreements between the model predictions and actual data but also inclusion of the curvature of the screw flights has an important influence on the accuracy of the results.

Two structure functions and are determined by using the cross sections measured in the deep inelastic electron-proton scattering experiments at Stanford Linac in the energy range of 5 to 20 GeV. In this paper an alternative mathematical approach have been used in such determination, resulting in a larger number of points in the graphs of the structure functions.

A comprehensive study has been made of a metallocene polyethylene (m-PE) characterising the isothermal crystallisation kinetics, melting and crystallisation behaviour, crystal growth and dynamic mechanical properties in order to understand the relationship between molecular structure and mechanical properties of this new class of polyethylene. The melting behaviour after step-wise crystallisation showed that m-PE consisted of molecular fractions with different molecular weight and branch distribution. Dynamic mechanical property studies showed that three transitions existed in m-PE with the α-transition increasing in intensity and shifting to higher temperatures in samples crystallised at higher temperature compared with rapidly cooled samples.

A finite element model for the flow of thermoplastic elastomers in extrusion dies has been developed. The rheological behaviour of the polymer melt is assumed to be described by the generalised Newtonian models and as a special case, the well known, power law equation was selected. Owing to the very low variation of the temperature field, the flow regime was considered to be isothermal. The set of governing equations are solved using the finite element method in a cylindrical (r, z) coordinate system. Slip–stick of the polymer melt on the solid wall, encountered in the flow of highly viscous fluids, is incorporated into the model by the use of Navier's slip condition. A new method based on a technique developed previously is described for the inclusion of this condition in the working equations. The applicability of the model was verified by a comparison between the results of the simulation of a polypropylene–nitrile/butadiene rubber thermoplastic elastomer with experimentally measured data. These comparisons show that there are very good agreements between the model predictions and actual data, provided that the slip of the polymer melt during the flow in extrusion die has been taken into consideration.

This research work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model for the simulation of the flow of polymer melts through the metering and die regions of single screw extruders. The sets of the governing equations (flow and energy) are solved using the finite element method. The power-law model is used to describe the non-Newtonian rheological behavior of the fluid. The standard Galerkin technique is used in conjunction with the continuous penalty scheme to solve the flow equations. Due to the low thermal diffusivity of the polymer melts, a streamline upwinding Petrov–Galerkin method is used to obtain convergent and stable results for the energy equation. This method is based on the extension of a previously developed scheme. The overall solution strategy is based on the Picard iterative scheme. Simulation results are obtained for the flow of a polypropylene melt through the metering and die zones of a laboratory scale extruder. To validate the proposed model, the results of the computer simulations are compared with experimentally measured mass flow rate and pressure profile. These comparisons show that there is very good agreement between the model predictions and actual data. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 676–689, 1999

The results of a comparison between the effects of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics are presented. Calcium hydroxide can produce weight-loss effects similar to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The effects of some treatment variables on weight loss, fiber diameter, bending rigidity, and strength of yarns taken from fabrics are examined. The results are explained in terms of current views of polyester alkaline hydrolysis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 631–637, 1999

Abstract: . SC102, a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2000) derivative of the second generation photosensitiser temoporfin (Foscan), was evaluated for photodynamic activity utilising two standard animal models: the rabbit, inoculated with the cottontail rabbit papilloma virus (CRPV) and the healthy canine larynx. Optimal drug dose and drug–light interval (DLI) were determined in a series of pharmacokinetic experiments using SC102 administered intravenously at doses of 3 and 30 mg/kg in our standard CRPV rabbit model. Plasma pharmacokinetics in the rabbit showed an elimination half-life of 121±20 h. Peak tumour concentration occurred at 144 h for the 3 mg/kg group and at 240 h for the 30 mg/kg group. The disposition ratio of SC102 between tumour to healthy tissue, at peak tumour levels, was approximately 4 to 1 for both dose levels. Skin tolerance to increasing 652 nm wavelength fluences was excellent. Even in those rabbits given a 30 mg/kg SC102 dose, no significant damage to the skin was observed, even when a fluence of 160 J/cm2 was applied at the optimal drug–light interval of 10 days. Tumour efficacy of SC102 PDT was evaluated in rabbits previously inoculated with CRPV. One time photoactivation of a single 30 mg/kg dose of SC102 at a DLI of 10 days using a fluence of 100 J/cm2 achieved a complete tumour clearance rate of 35%. Two-time photoactivation on days 6 and 10 after single administration of the same dose in a separate group of rabbits, using a fluence of 75 J/cm2 on both occasions, yielded an improved cure rate of 58%. Evaluation of normal tissue tolerance to SC102 PDT was also investigated in the healthy dog larynx model 10 days after an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg SC102. A fluence of 200 J was determined to be the maximum tolerated dose at which time there was a 4:1 ratio of SC102 between laryngeal mucosa and muscle. The photophysical and pharmacokinetic profiles of SC102 show significant differences from those of Foscan from which it is derived. In these preliminary in vivo experiments we have demonstrated the outstanding tolerance of normal tissues to SC102 PDT using high fluences. We have also shown tumour efficacy with light doses readily achievable in the clinical setting. Disposition of SC102 in the skin is low and photosensitivity risk may disappear within the drug–light interval. Based on these conclusions we believe SC102 PDT may have potential utility as an adjunct to surgical resection of tumours necessitating wide field exposure of normal tissue to activating light.

1. Gastric emptying, gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion were assessed simultaneously in the conscious calf using the test meal and duodenal perfusion technique (Bell & Mostaghni, 1975).

On 76 persons (vestibulary normal persons, patients with monolaterally eliminated vestibulary function, and patients with neuropathia n. vest.) myographic investigations on the Mm. Sternokleidomastoidei were performed. Thereby in patients with monolaterally eliminated vestibulary function persistent ipsilateral potentials were found, which have the character of an extensionsreflex and the quality of an auto-reflex. The particularity of these reflexpotentials can be interpreted as a primary static vestibular influence on the motoric system.

Endogenously induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), a metabolite of delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), has been evaluated as a photosensitising agent for destruction of papillomas in cottontail rabbit papillomavirus-infected Dutch belted and New Zealand rabbits. Three factors were evaluated: (1) relative retention ratio of drug in normal tissue, papilloma and plasma over time; (2) tissue tolerance to treatment factors; and (3) efficacy of treatment protocol. Three drug doses of ALA were examined: 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1. Actual PPIX concentrations in tissue and plasma were determined spectrophotofluorometrically. The optimal treatment time occurred 3-6 h post ALA injection. The highest PPIX concentration ratio between papilloma and normal skin was 6:1. Different light doses were investigated, using an injection to exposure interval of 3 h and an irradiance of 100 mW cm-2 at a wavelength of 630 nm. Efficacy without risk of significant damage to normal skin was obtained using 100-200 mg kg-1 ALA and 40-60 J cm-2. A long-term (3 months) cure rate of 82% was obtained with a single treatment, provided that papilloma depth did not exceed 8 mm, volume was not more than 1000 mm3 and the plasma concentration of PPIX immediately before exposure was above 500 micrograms ml-1. The short time between injection and treatment and high efficacy, together with PPIX disappearance from plasma and tissue within 24 h, make injected ALA a highly attractive drug for photodynamic therapy.

A Phase I photodynamic therapy (PDT) clinical trial was carried out with Temoporfin (Foscan®, mTHPC) at the Departments of Otolaryngology at Orebro Medical Center (OMC) and Long Island Jewish Medical Center (LIJMC). A range of drug doses, consisting of 0.3, 0.15, 0.075 and 0.0375 mg kg−1, were utilized. Light treatment was performed on the sixth day after injection of the photosensitizer mTHPC. Photodynamic therapy was done on prostate cancer (six cases), bronchial cancer (one case), nasopharyngeal cancer (three cases), laryngeal cancer (eight cases), mesothelioma (one case), laryngeal papilloma (five cases) and basal cell nevus syndrome (one case). A number of patients were treated more than once. Plasma was collected and analysed at 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h and at 2 weeks post-injection, to follow the loading and clearance rate of the photosensitizer. Normal and malignant tissues were collected immediately prior to PDT, chemically extracted, and analysed for drug content spectrofluorometrically. Plasma drug levels were proportional to the dose. The half-life of the drug was 45.4 h across the entire dose range. The ratio of the drug in the tumour compared to normal adjacent mucosa was in the range of 2–3. There were no significant adverse effects. These data establish the basis for full clinical trials.

Pre-ruminant calves with gastric (abomasal) and duodenal cannulae were used to assess the effect of test meals of different temperatures on gastric emptying and secretion. Cross-over experiments with saline gastric meals and water duodenal infusate at 4°, 20° and 40° C were carried out. The temperature of the duodenal infusate had no effect of gastric function. Variation in the temperature of the meal resulted in a significant enhancement of gastric emptying at 4° compared with 40°C. Shivering always occurred when 4°C meals were instilled into the stomach and intermittently with 20°C meals, irrespective of the duodenal temperature.

A total of 23 patients who had an intraoperative penile erection during endoscopic or penile surgery underwent intracavernous injection of 200 microgram phenylephrine. Detumescence occurred rapidly in all patients with a single injection. Hemodynamic changes consisted of a transient increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (+9 percent, p less than 0.05) without significant change in pulse rate (-5 percent, p greater than 0.05). No marked side effect was reported even in elderly patients. Intraoperative penile erection, which seems to be more frequent in patients younger than 50 years, during general anesthesia with propofol or epidural anesthesia, can be treated safely with intracavernous injection of phenylephrine.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll für die Habituation und das Rekruitment in Bezug auf den Vestibularapparat eine Erklarung versucht werden. Mehrfache rotatorische, thermische, galvanische sowie Pendelstimulationen ziehen keine Habituation nach sich. Der periphere vestibuläre Receptor reagiert nach wiederholten Reizen immer gleich. Habituation ist ein zentraler Vorgang, der bei nervalen und zentralen Lasionen auftritt; unter bestimmten, näher zu erörternden Voraussetzungen wird der Begriff der "positiven Habituation" empfohlen.

It is reported about investigation vestibulary normal persons and patients with operatively eliminated vestibulary function. The stimulation was done by calorisation. The static tonus of the sternocleidomastoidei muscles is determinated by vestibular activity. The direct mesurement of the electric potentials of the muscule gives an additional possibility to evaluate the function of the vestibular system.

Les ichtyoses congénitales autosomiques récessives (ARCI) sont des génodermatoses cliniquement et génétiquement hétérogènes caractérisées par une desquamation excessive et souvent une érythrodermie. Le but de notre travail était d’établir une corrélation phénotype–génotype à travers une série hospitalière.

Examines how actor Michael Nouri confronted his fiancee's devastating diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The first symptoms; Their first reaction to the disease; How she is managing with it. INSET: Mysterious MS, by D. Debrovner..

The performance of two nondissipative devices used as feed elements for adaptive uplink depolarisation control in 18 GHz TV feeder links is analysed. The operational parameters under the presence of heavy precipitation are evaluated and practical limitations are discussed.

In 16 patients with idiopathic VII nerve-paresis an exact otoneurological examination was performed. Thereby it was yielded an abnormal vestibular function. Further examinations of the vestibular-system in the course of nerve-paresis show a change which can be correlated with the acteral stage of the paresis. The pathophysiological relation between the two nerves are discussed. Furthermore the diagnostic value of the vestibularfunction in the course of a VII-nerve-paresis is pointed out.

An adaptive depolarisation cancellation method to reduce the uplink depolarised signal in future satellite systems is described. It is based on transmission of a small orthogonally polarised correction signal from the earth station. A data-acquisition method using only a single beacon signal transmitted from the satellite could provide the information required for generation of the correction signal.

Purpose:To study Boston KPro-related infections.