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Objectives.The seat dimensions of self-propelled combine harvesters are designed without consideration of body dimensions of the user population and vary with make and models of combines. Methods. This research proposes a method to determine the percentage of seat match, upper mismatch and lower mismatch using the anthropometric body dimensions of Indian harvester operators. The seat dimensions of five popular combine harvester makes were measured and compared to the body dimensions of the operators. Results. The selected seats had 100, 44–70, 81–96, 98–100, 63–83, 59–94 and 55–97% mismatch for seat height, seat length, seat pan breadth, seat backrest height, upper backrest breadth, lower backrest breadth and steering wheel clearance, respectively. These data were used to recommend seat dimensions for combine harvesters. Seat height, seat length, seat pan breadth, seat backrest height, upper backrest breadth, lower backrest breadth and steering wheel clearance are recommended as 399, 362, 456, 400, 243, 386 and 190 mm, respectively. Conclusions. The recommended seat dimensions matched the user population anthropometric dimensions 94–100%. This approach will help to assess seat dimensions based on anthropometric data for a comfortable posture to prevent health risks such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among operators.

Body segment parameters are required as input parameters to analyze the forces and moments acting on the joints. They can be used to design the farm tools, protective clothing, equipment, and workplaces. The study was planned to develop geometric models for female agricultural workers of Central India. Anthropometric data of 180 female agricultural workers aged between 25 and 45 years having weight of 45.74 ± (7.56) kg and height of 1510 ± (50) mm were collected to develop 14-segmental 3D geometrical models. The values of mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation (SD) and 5th and 95th percentile anthropometric dimension were calculated. Based on geometric models, mass, density, volume, center of mass (COM) and moments of inertia of body segments were calculated. To test the validity of the model with other models for body segment parameters, an analysis was carried out using SAS 9.3 software with one-way analysis of variance. There was a significant difference (p< 0.01) between the study model and other models based on Dunnett's multiple comparisons post hoc test. From post hoc test analysis, it was observed that developed 14 segments geometric model can be used to determine body segment parameters (BSPs), i.e., segment mass, volume, center of mass (COM) and radius of gyration (RG).

Background: The syndemic of HIV, substance use (SU), and mental illness has serious implications for HIV disease progression among women. We described co-utilization of HIV care, SU treatment, and mental health treatment among women with or at risk for HIV.Methods: We included data from women with or at risk for HIV (n = 2559) enrolled in all 10 sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was defined as self-reported, non-medical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. Tobacco and alcohol were assessed separately. We described co-utilization of SU treatment, tobacco and alcohol use treatment, HIV care, and mental health care in the past year among women who were eligible for each service. We compared service utilization by those who did/did not utilize SU treatment using Wald Chi-square tests.Results: Among women with current SU (n = 358), 42% reported utilizing SU treatment. Among those with current SU+HIV (n = 224), 84% saw their HIV provider, and 34% saw a mental health provider. Among women with current SU+heavy alcohol use (n = 95), 18% utilized alcohol use treatment; among current SU+tobacco use (n = 276), 8% utilized tobacco use treatment. Women who utilized SU treatment had higher utilization of alcohol use treatment (59% vs. 5%; P< .001) and tobacco use treatment (12% vs. 5%; P= .028). HIV care engagement was high regardless of SU treatment.Conclusions: We found high engagement in SU and HIV care, but low engagement in alcohol and tobacco use treatment. Integrated SU treatment services for women, including tobacco/alcohol treatment and harm reduction, are needed to optimize treatment engagement and HIV care continuum outcomes.

It is important to evaluate whether a new treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) provides additive benefit to background foundational treatments. As such, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF in addition to baseline treatment with specific doses and combinations of disease-modifying therapies.

Kachnar(Bauhinia variegata) is distributed throughout the India and world. Its each part (flowers, stem, seed, root, bark, leaves) contains numerous phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins, kaempferol, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and quercetin which plays a vital role in promoting human health and hence this tree has gained popularity as a medicinal tree traditionally and being utilized for curing different diseases. Despite of its composition and various health benefits, its commercial utilization is still limited because of its availability at limited places for limited time; therefore the demand of the present era is to explore this plant for its utilization in food and pharmacy industry with scientific intervention. The present review brings into limelight the literature of the traditional uses, phytochemical properties and therapeutic aspects of this underutilized plant.

ABSTRACTPlants play an important role in the well-being of human beings and have been witnessed by their presence in the Rigveda and Ayurveda. Among those plants, Morus spp. is the one having versatile nature because of the presence of numerous phytochemicals in its different parts and also termed as ‘Kalpa Vruksha’. A wide range of the phytochemicals present in the leaves, fruit, root and wood of Morusbecause of which they possess wide range of biological functions (antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytoprotective and neuroprotective activities etc.). The plant is being utilised traditionally for development of different food products as well as treatment of various diseases. Recently, the researchers took a shift for the efficient utilisation of different parts of the plant for development of various value-added food products. The fruit-based products includes wine, vinegar, jelly, jam, biscuits, bread, squash, yoghurt, cosmetic cream, whereas, leaf-based products includes tea, toothpaste, pastry etc. However, the plant is still lacking its identity at the commercial scale. However, at commercial scale, a kind concern of the industrialists is required towards its effective and efficient utilisation as food, feed and value-added products with the aim to make it available throughout the year.

To evaluate the long‐term safety of rituximab in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response to ≥1 anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in the US(SUNSTONE[Study of the Safety of Rituxan in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After an Inadequate Response to Previous Anti‐TNFTherapy] registry). In this prospective, observational cohort study, patients received rituximab according to their physician's standard practice and were evaluated at standard‐of‐care follow‐up visits at least every 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of protocol‐defined significant infections. Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events potentially associated with rituximab, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, seizures, deaths, and pregnancies. Post hoc analyses assessed outcomes by concomitant medication use. Overall, 989 patients (safety‐evaluable population) received ≥1 dose of rituximab, with a total follow‐up of 3,844 patient‐years (mean duration 3.9 years). In total, 341 significant infections occurred in 197 patients (19.9%). The incidence rates (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) for significant infections, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, and seizures were 8.87 (95% CI7.98–9.86), 1.95 (95% CI1.56–2.45), and 0.18 (95% CI0.09–0.38) per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The incidence of significant infections did not increase with time or with cumulative rituximab exposure. During the study, 64 patients died (crude mortality rate 1.66 per 100 patient‐years [95% CI1.30–2.13]). The most common causes of death were infections (n = 19), malignancy (n = 14), and cardiovascular events (n = 13). Eight pregnancies were reported in 7 patients. In patients with RAtreated with rituximab for up to 5 years, the rates of significant infections were stable over time and higher in patients who received long‐term systemic steroid treatment.

Byline: S. Shetty, C. Mehta Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) accounts for less than 1% of all orbital tumours. Though rare, orbital involvement in LCH is not uncommon. Most reports so [...]

Multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization is a fundamental challenge in antimicrobial resistance. Limited studies have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can reduce MDRO colonization, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of FMT for MDRO decolonization in renal transplant recipients called PREMIX (NCT02922816). Eleven participants were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to FMT or an observation period followed by delayed FMT if stool cultures were MDRO positive at day 36. Participants who were MDRO positive after one FMT were treated with a second FMT. At last visit, eight of nine patients who completed all treatments were MDRO culture negative. FMT-treated participants had longer time to recurrent MDRO infection versus PREMIX-eligible controls who were not treated with FMT. Key taxa (Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes putredinis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Alistipesspecies, Mesosutterella massiliensis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) from the single feces donor used in the study that engrafted in recipients and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in FMT-responding participants uncovered leads for rational microbiome therapeutic and diagnostic development. Metagenomic analyses revealed a previously unobserved mechanism of MDRO eradication by conspecific strain competition in an FMT-treated subset. Susceptible Enterobacteralesstrains that replaced baseline extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing strains were not detectable in donor microbiota manufactured as FMT doses but in one case were detectable in the recipient before FMT. These data suggest that FMT may provide a path to exploit strain competition to reduce MDRO colonization.

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The present study was carried out to develop a PCR-based molecular marker suitable for screening of disease-suppressive composts against Fusarium wilt of tomato. An effective uncultured bacterial community was screened from our previous study on investigation of microbial communities in composts for their potential for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt. Based on available sequence information (Accession no. HQ388491) of selective community, PCR-based molecular markers were designed and tested for their specificity in different compost sample. To confirm specificity of designed marker, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed. Selective marker efficacy was further tested for different set of composts and results were cross-verified by conducting bioassay of same composts against Fusarium wilt in tomato crop. Results showed that out of two designed set of primers (i.e., PAC1F/PAC1R and PAC4F/PAC4R), primer set PAC4F/PAC4R resulted in successful amplification of 199 bp in highly disease-suppressive compost (i.e., CPP); however, no/below detection level amplification was observed in non-suppressive compost (JC). qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the specificity of selective marker by representing single peak in melting curve. A clear difference was observed in relative population of selective community in different set of composts. It was observed maximum in the most effective compost, i.e., CPP followed by other disease-suppressive composts. Cross-examination of results with bioassay confirmed that composts with presence of selective bacterial community having no/very less disease incidence of Fusarium. It is clearly evident from the study that such kind of molecular markers can be developed and used in future research focusing on compost-based disease suppression.

IMPORTANCE: Overlapping surgery (OS) is common. However, there is a dearth of evidence to support or refute the safety of this practice. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether OS is associated with worsened morbidity and mortality in a large series of neurosurgical cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective cohort study was completed for patients who underwent neurosurgical procedures at Emory University Hospital, a large academic referral hospital, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015. Patients were operated on for pathologies across the spectrum of neurosurgical disorders. Propensity score weighting and logistic regression models were executed to compare outcomes for patients who received nonoverlapping surgery and OS. Investigators were blinded to study cohorts during data collection and analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were 90-day postoperative mortality, morbidity, and functional status. RESULTS: In this cohort of 2275 patients who underwent neurosurgery, 1259 (55.3%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 52.1 (16.4) years. A total of 972 surgeries (42.7%) were nonoverlapping while 1303 (57.3%) were overlapping. The distribution of American Society of Anesthesiologists score was similar between nonoverlapping surgery and OS cohorts. Median surgical times were significantly longer for patients in the OS cohort vs the nonoverlapping surgery cohort (in-room time, 219 vs 188 minutes; skin-to-skin time, 141 vs 113 minutes; both P &lt; .001). Overlapping surgery was more frequently elective (93% vs 87%; P &lt; .001). Regression analysis failed to demonstrate an association between OS and complications, such as mortality, morbidity, or worsened functional status. Measures of baseline severity of illness, such as admission to the intensive care unit and increased length of stay, were associated with mortality (intensive care unit: odds ratio [OR], 25.5; 95% CI, 6.22-104.67; length of stay: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), morbidity (intensive care unit: OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.43-2.40; length of stay: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08), and unfavorable functional status (length of stay: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data suggest that OS can be safely performed if appropriate precautions and patient selection are followed. Data such as these will help determine health care policy to maximize patient safety.

The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of three different crop species, wheat (Triticum aestivum, var. UP2338), cowpea (Vigna sinensis, var. Pusa Komal), and Brassica(Brassica juncea, var. Pusa Jai Kisan), along with their impact on the rhizospheric bacterial diversity. Three different concentrations (0, 50 and 75 ppm) of AgNPs were applied through foliar spray. After harvesting, shoot and root parameters were compared, and it was observed that wheat was relatively unaffected by all AgNP treatments. The optimum growth promotion and increased root nodulation were observed at 50 ppm treatment in cowpea, while improved shoot parameters were recorded at 75 ppm in Brassica. To observe the impact of AgNPs on soil bacterial community, sampling was carried out from the rhizosphere of these crops at 20 and 40 days after the spraying of AgNPS. The bacterial diversity of these samples was analyzed by both cultural and molecular techniques (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). It is clearly evident from the results that application of AgNPs changes the soil bacterial diversity and this is further influenced by the plant species grown in that soil. Also, the functional bacterial diversity differed with different concentrations of AgNPs.

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate microbial communities in seven Indian composts and their potential for biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici. In addition, identification of bioactive substances in disease suppressive composts was also attempted. Composts were chosen based on disease suppressiveness and subjected to molecular microbial analyses. Total genomic DNA from the composts was extracted and amplified with polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of fungi and bacteria, respectively. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and DNA sequencing were used to identify the fungal and bacterial targets. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal 18S rRNA ITS gene sequences showed that phylum Ascomycotawas dominant in all composts, while in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences, the phylum Proteobacteriawas dominant. Some fungi in disease suppressive composts grouped phylogenetically close to F. oxysporum. Bacterial sequences with close similarity (>95% identity) with Actinobacteriumshowed a strong presence only in disease suppressive composts. Disease suppressive composts formed a separate group in the cluster analysis of 18S rRNA ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry was performed with compost extracts to determine if bioactive substances were present in disease suppressive composts. The analysis of compost organic matter showed a negative association of disease suppressiveness with phloroglucinol, sitosterol, and monoenoic fatty acid, while cholesterol and certain organic acids were positively associated with suppressiveness.

Multifunctional cancer therapeutic nanodevices have been designed and synthesized using the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer as a carrier. Partial acetylation of the generation 5 (G5) PAMAM dendrimer was utilized to neutralize a fraction of the primary amino groups, provide enhanced solubility of the dendrimer during the conjugation reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), and prevent nonspecific targeting interactions (in vitro and in vivo) during delivery. The remaining nonacetylated primary amino groups were utilized for conjugation of the functional molecules fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, an imaging agent), folic acid (FA, targets overexpressed folate receptors on specific cancer cells), and methotrexate (MTX, chemotherapeutic drug). The appropriate control nanodevices have been synthesized as well. The G5 PAMAM dendrimer molecular weight and number of primary amino groups were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and potentiometric titration for stoichiometric design of ensuing conjugation reactions. Additionally, dendrimer conjugates were characterized by multiple analytical methods including GPC, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and UV spectroscopy. The fully characterized nanodevices can be used for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic and imaging agents to specific cancer cells. Here, we present a more extensive investigation of our previously reported synthesis of this material with improvements directed toward scale-up synthesis and clinical trials (Pharm. Res. 2002, 19 (9), 1310−1316).

Tractor seat design can be used as a means to modify loads on body structures to reduce operator's discomfort. The overall comfort and performance of the tractor seating system consist oi fi-ame. cushion. covers. suspension and damping mechanisms. Vibration attenuation in a tractor seat is achieved by selecting the proper suspension and damping mechanism. The vibration characteristics of cushion materials are often overlooked. This paper describes a method of vibration characterisation of tractor seat cushion materials to improve operator's comfort. Nine commercially available seat cushion materials of different density, thickness and composition were randomly selected for this study. Transmissibility data were obtained by measuring input acceleration values on the base plate and output acceleration values at mass at different frequencies from 1 to 7 Hz. It was observed that vibration transmissibilities at resonance and the resonance frequency were significantly affected by the thickness of cushion materials. In the frequency range above the resonance, especially at frequencies higher than 5 Hz, the thinner sample had a higher transmissibility than the thicker sample. In contrast, over the frequency range below the resonance, especially at frequencies lower than 4 Hz, thicker samples had a higher transmissibility than the thinner samples. The synthetic rubber foam cushion materials 1.9D (thickness of 101 mm, density of 69.72 kg/m3) and D (thickness of 54 mm, density of 68.70 kg/m3) may be recommended for tractor seat pan and backrest cushion materials, respectively on the basis of vibration characteristics.

We discuss time evolution operator for N interacting quantum harmonic oscillators and determine certain conditions under which an explicit closed‐form expression can be found for this time‐ordered operator. The special case of N=2 is discussed, as an example.

The concepts of stationarity, homogeneity and isotropy are introduced in terms of the invariance of certain expectation values under time translations, under space translations and under space rotations respectively. Some consequences of homogeneity and isotropy on the forms and relations among second-order correlation tensors of the electromagnetic field are derived. It is shown that, if the second-order correlation tensors are invariant under space translations, they are also invariant under time translations. Further it is also shown that in such cases the trace of the electric correlation tensor is identical to the trace of the magnetic correlation tensor. General forms of the second-order electromagnetic correlation tensors are derived for fields which are both isotropic and homogeneous. Both quantum and classical descriptions of coherence are considered and the restrictions which stationarity, homogeneity or isotropy impose on the density operator in quantum description and on the probability distributions in classical description are deduced. Si introducono i concetti di stazionarietà, omogeneità ed isotropia in base all’invarianza di alcuni valori di aspettazione per traslazioni temporali, per traslazioni spaziali e per rotazioni spaziali rispettivamente. Si deducono alcune conseguenze dell’omogeneità e dell’isotropia sulle forme e le relazioni tra i tensori di correlazione del secondo ordine del campo elettromagnetico. Si dimostra che, se i tensori di correlazione del secondo ordine sono invarianti rispetto alle traslazioni spaziali, essi sono anche invarianti rispetto alle traslazioni temporali. Si dimostra pure inoltre che in questi casi la traccia del tensore di correlazione elettrico è identica alla traccia del tensore di correlazione magnetico. Si deducono forme generali dei tensori di correlazione elettromagnetici di secondo ordine per campi che sono sia isotropici che omogenei. Si tien conto sia della descrizione quantistica che di quella classica della coerenza e si deducono le restrizioni che la stazionarietà, l’omogeneità o l’isotropia impongono all’operatore di densità nella descrizione quantistica e alla distribuzione probabilistica nella descrizione classica. Вводятся понятия стационарности, однородности и иэотропии в терминах инвариантности некоторых ожидаемых величин относительно временных трансляций, пространственных трансляций и пространственных врашений, соответственно. Выводятся некоторые следствия однородности и иэотропии на формы и соотнощения между корреляционными тенэорами второго порядка для злектромагнитного поля. Покаэывается, что если корреляционные тенэоры второго порядка инвариантны относительно пространственных трансляций, то они также инвариантны относительно временных трансляций. Затем также покаэывается, что в таких случаях след злектрического тенэора корреляции является идентичным следу магнитного тенэора корреляции. Выводятся обшие формы злектромагнитных корреляции. Выводятся обшие формы злектромагнитных корреляционных тенэоров второго порядка для полей, которые являются и иэотропными и однородными. Рассматриваются и квантовое и классическое описания когерентности, и устанавливаются ограничения, которые накладывают стационарность, однородность или иэотропность на оператор плотности при квантовом описании и на распределения вероятностей при классическом описании.

The power tiller has become a versatile power source for small and medium size farms in India owing to development of a variety of matching equipment. In order to overcome the problem of drudgery involved in its operation, an operator’s seat has been designed and developed. Power tiller ride vibration levels have been measured at man-seat interface along three mutually perpendicular axes viz; longitudinal, lateral and vertical on four different terrains during the transport mode (with rotavator) and on three terrains during rotatilling. Measurements were taken at five throttle settings to obtain a range of engine speeds and corresponding forward speeds.It was observed that equivalent acceleration levels increased as forward speed of travel increased under all operating conditions. Acceleration levels in the lateral axis were insignificant. There was no conclusive difference between measured acceleration levels on untilled and tilled fields during transport and rotatilling. The measured ride vibration levels under different operating conditions were compared with the values specified under ISO 2631/1 (1985) in relation to working efficiency and health and safety of the power tiller operator. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that exposure time for the power tiller operator should not exceed 2·5h during rotatilling and 4·0h during rotapuddling. Increasing exposure time may cause severe discomfort, pain and injury.

Abstract: We consider the states with extremum products and sums of the uncertainties in non-commuting observables. These are illustrated by two specific examples of harmonic oscillator and the angular momentum states. It shows that the coherent states of the harmonic oscillator are characterized by the minimum uncertainty sum 〈(Δq)2〉 + 〈(Δp)2〉. The extremum values of the sums and products of the uncertainties of the components of the angular momentum are also obtained.

Abstract: The moment generating function of the integrated light intensity of thermal radiation having multiple peak spectrum is obtained. Cases of two-peak and three-peak spectra where different peaks are in orthogonal states of polarisation are considered. The moment generating function is shown to be the product of two simpler generating functions.

A quantitative, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay has been developed for the simian virus 40 large T antigen. When hamster anti-simian virus 40 tumor serum was used, this method permitted specific identification of large T antigen and its analog, the D2 hybrid protein, a molecule with the same C-terminal approximately 600 amino acids as large T antigen. The sensitivity limit of this test was 0.63 ng of protein. The slopes of the regression lines of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titrations performed with highly purified D2 or simian virus 40 large T antigen and with crude extracts of simian virus 40-infected monkey and transformed human cells were identical. Thus, the curve generated with a purified protein, such as D2, can serve as a quantitative standard for the measurement of large T antigen in a wide variety of extracts. Furthermore, solutions containing high salt concentrations and buffers containing up to 0.1% Nonidet P-40 did not interfere with the assay, making it applicable to the measurement of large T antigen in a variety of chromatographic fractions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was three times more sensitive, was significantly faster to perform, and was quantitatively valid over a much broader large-T-antigen concentration range than the complement fixation test. As such, it should be useful in future studies of the structure and function of this protein.

Abstract: We prove that for arbitraryn×n matricesA 1,A 2,…,A m and for positive real numbersp 1,p 2,…,p m withp 1−1 +p 2−1 +…+p m /−1 =1, the inequality

We introduce the inverse annihilation and creation operatorsâ−1andâ+-1by their actions on the number states. We show that the squeezed vacuum exp(1/2;ξâ+2]|0> and squeezed first number state exp[1/2;ξâ+2]|n=1> are respectively the eigenstates of the operators (â†−1â) and (ââ+-1) with the eigenvalue ξ.

Two-mode para-Bose number states are discussed. The two-mode system has been chosen as it is a representative of the multi-mode system. Salient properties like normalization, orthogonality and degeneracy of these states have also been discussed.

A maximum-likelihood procedure for segmenting digital well-log data is presented. The method is based on a univariate state variable model in which an observed log is treated as a time-series consisting of two terms: a Gauss-Markov signal remaining constant over a segment, and an additive Gaussian, but not necessarily stationary, noise. The signal jumps by a random amount at a segment boundary. The inverse problem of log segmentation consists of detecting the segment boundaries from a given log. The problem is solved using a Bayesian approach in which the unknown parameters, the locations of segment boundaries and the jumps in the signal value, are estimated by maximizing the likelihood function for the observed data. An algorithm based on Kalman smoothing and single most likelihood replacement (SMLR) procedure is proposed. The performance of the method is illustrated with a case study comprising of multisuite log data from an exploratory well. The method is found to be rapid and robust. The resulting segments are found to be geologically consistent.

We introduce the inverse of the Hermitian operator (ââ†) and express the Boson inverse operators â-1 and â†-1 in terms of the operators â, ↠and (ââ†)-1. We show that these Boson inverse operators may be realized by Susskind-Glogower phase operators. In this way, we find a new two-photon annihilation operator and denote it as â2(ââ†)-1. We show that the eigenstates of this operator have interesting non-classical properties. We find that the eigenstates of the operators (ââ†)-1 â2, â(ââ†)-1 â and â2(ââ†)-1 have many similar properties and thus they constitute a family of two-photon annihilation operators.

Using the normal ordering techniques of an operator, we show that a general squeezed state may be expressed in the form N exp [1/2 a †2 m na †] S 0 ¢, where S 0 ¢ is the vacuum state. We obtain the normalization constant N and various other representations. We also discuss conditions for squeezing and photon antibunching.

The cylindrical angular spectrum of the wavefield is introduced. In this representation the field consists of homogeneous as well as evanescent waves. The representation is applied to propagation problems and an analogue of van Cittert Zernike theorem is obtained in cylindrical geometry.

Spheroidal functions appearing in many other contexts are used here to analyze the photoelectron-counting statistics of a polarized thermal light beam of rectangular spectral profile.

Some properties of the angular coherence functions have been considered. These are then used to study the propagation of the mutual coherence function. It is shown that the spectral coherence function in the far-field diffraction plane is directly proportional to the angular coherence function. This approach is applied to several cases of particular interest such as the coherent, the incoherent and the homogeneous sources. The case when the source is a black body having a circular opening is also considered and some polarization properties in the far-field diffraction plane are considered. Si sono studiate alcune proprietà delle funzioni di coerenza angolari. Poi le si usa per studiare la propagazione della funzione di coerenza mutua. Si mostra che la funzione di coerenza spettrale nel piano di diffrazione del campo lontano è direttamente proporzionale alla funzione di coerenza angolare. Si applica questo approccio a parecchi casi di particolare interesse come le sorgenti coerenti, quelle incoerenti e quelle omogenee. Si studia anche il caso in cui la sorgente è un corpo nero con apertura circolare e si studiano alcune proprietà della polarizzazione nel piano di diffrazione del campo lontano. Рассматриваются нек оторые свойства функ ций угловой когерентнос ти. Затем эти свойства ис пользуются для изуче ния распространения фун кции взаимной когере нтности. Показываетс я, что спектральная фу нкция когер Показывается, что спе ктральная функция ко герентности в дифрак ционной плоскости уд аленного поля оказыв ается прямо пропорци ональной функции в дифракционной плос кости удаленного пол я оказывается прямо п ропорциональной фун кции оказывается прямо пр опорциональной функ ции угловой когерентнос ти. Этот подход примен яется к некоторым особенно и нтересным случаям, та ким как когерентньй, н екогерентнъгй и одно родный источн когерентньй, некогер ентнъгй и однородный источники. Также Также исследуется случай, к огда источник предст авляет черное тело, имеющее к руглое отверстие, и рассматр иваются некоторые поляризационные сво йства в дифракционно й плоскости удаленног о поля.