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This article aims to assess whether digital services taxes (DSTs) have been effective in achieving their policy goals as well as identify key unresolved questions and highlight how the evidence from five years of DSTs’ existence in Europe can help in resolving them. The article analyses DSTs’ key policy goals with a particular focus on the equalization of the tax gap and creating fair taxation in the context of a tax incidence. It is based on publicly available data related to introducing five selected DSTs based on the similarity of both their design and the economic situation of the countries in which they were introduced. The collected revenue, fiscal efficiency of these taxes, and taxpayers’ reactions strongly indicate that DSTs have been passed on to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and consumers to a great extent while yielding negligible revenues that contradicts their policy goals. Due to limitations in data availability and the occurrence of two significant disruptions in the economy during the analysed period, some questions remain unanswered. Therefore, in the context of theoretical economic literature applicable to the case of DSTs, this author indicates where additional in-depth research and governmental analysis of DSTs is necessary and what the possible approaches are to obtain sufficient grounds for political decisions regarding introducing similar measures.

The proportion of European ash (Fraxinus excelsiorL.) stands decreased rapidly over the last thirty years. The highest declines are recorded in fertile ash-dominated habitats. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of successful ash establishment is needed across broader habitat conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate ash natural regeneration in pine-ash forests and adjacent pine-dominated forests without ash in overstory but with ash regeneration. We assessed the effects of soil environment, soil moisture, browsing, ash regeneration density and its health status.

The benefits of sustainability reporting are indisputable. These include, first and foremost, building trust. Transparency on non-financial performance can help reduce reputational risk and open a dialogue with stakeholders. Transparent sustainability reporting is also a sign of openness and responsibility. Efforts to develop the economy sustainably include the development of reporting concepts in this sphere. Sustainability activities are becoming an increasingly important element of business reports. This article aims to present and verify the current sustainability reporting at the level of comparison of reported indicators of selected automotive companies in the context of the most widely used Global Reporting Initiative systematics and the upcoming requirements defined by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). It focuses on study cases and identifies good practices and difficulties of sustainable reporting in the automotive industry. This study used the case study method on selected automotive industry companies. The case study analyses a defined problem consisting of a real situation and information as a methodological tool. The findings show that the world’s major automotive companies are broadly endeavouring to realise sustainability practices. The main conclusion of the analysis is that the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), in addition to being complementary, can be combined not only to improve the strategic management of an organisation but also, in a broader context, serve the well-being of the local community and society at large. The article organises and systematises knowledge about the ESG concept and the GRI standard, which currently play an important role in sustainability reporting.

This article aims to assess whether digital services taxes (DSTs) have been effective in achieving their policy goals as well as identify key unresolved questions and highlight how the evidence from five years of DSTs’ existence in Europe can help in resolving them. The article analyses DSTs’ key policy goals with a particular focus on the equalization of the tax gap and creating fair taxation in the context of a tax incidence. It is based on publicly available data related to introducing five selected DSTs based on the similarity of both their design and the economic situation of the countries in which they were introduced. The collected revenue, fiscal efficiency of these taxes, and taxpayers’ reactions strongly indicate that DSTs have been passed on to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and consumers to a great extent while yielding negligible revenues that contradicts their policy goals. Due to limitations in data availability and the occurrence of two significant disruptions in the economy during the analysed period, some questions remain unanswered. Therefore, in the context of theoretical economic literature applicable to the case of DSTs, this author indicates where additional in-depth research and governmental analysis of DSTs is necessary and what the possible approaches are to obtain sufficient grounds for political decisions regarding introducing similar measures.

The article explains the situation of performance artists in Poland during the transition period before and after 1989. Then it focuses on the first large performance art festival in Poland after 1989, Real Time Story Telling. It was organized in Sopot and Gdańsk in 1991 by Galeria Działań and curated by the outstanding artist and art theorist Jan Świdziński. The article explains the idea of the festival and briefly describes the curatorial activity of the invited international performance artists. The article also outlines the international network of connections between performance art festivals, which depended on the personal relationships between artists who organized them. Finally, it shows how the festival influenced the introduction of Polish performance artists to the international circuit and how it influenced the development of the festival network in Poland.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an on-purpose catalytic technology to produce propylene from propane that operates at high temperatures, 773–973 K. Several key industry players have been active in developing new catalysts and processes with improved carbon footprint and economics, where Pt-based catalysts have played a central role. The optimization of these catalytic systems through computational and atomistic simulations requires large-scale models that account for their reactivity and dynamic properties. To address this challenge, we developed a new reactive ReaxFF force field (2023-Pt/C/H) that enables large-scale simulations of PDH reactions catalyzed on Pt surfaces. The optimization of force-field parameters relies on a large training set of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of Pt-catalyzed PDH mechanism, including geometries, adsorption and relative energies of reaction intermediates, and key C–H and C–C bond-breaking/forming reaction steps on the Pt(111) surface. The internal validation supports the accuracy of the developed 2023-Pt/C/Hforce-field parameters, resulting in mean absolute errors (MAE) against DFT data of 14 and 12 kJ mol–1for relative energies of intermediates and energy barriers, respectively. We demonstrated the applicability of the 2023-Pt/C/Hforce field with reactive molecular dynamics simulations of propane on different Pt surface topologies and temperatures. The simulations successfully model the formation of propene in the gas phase as well as competitive, unproductive reactions such as deep dehydrogenation and C–C bond cleavage that produce H, C1and C2adsorbed species responsible of catalytic deactivation of Pt surface. Results show the following reactivity order: Pt(111) < Pt(100) < Pt(211), and that for the stepped Pt(211) surface, propane activation occurs on low-coordinated Pt atoms at the steps. The measured selectivity as a function of surface topology follows the same trend as activity, the Pt(211) facet being the most selective. The 2023-Pt/C/Hreactive force field can also describe the increase of reactivity with the temperature. From these simulations, we were able to estimate the Arrhenius activation energy, 73 kJ mol–1, whose value is close to those reported experimentally for PDH catalyzed by large, supported Pt nanoparticles . The newly developed 2023-Pt/C/Hreactive force field can be used in subsequent investigations of different Pt topologies and of collective effects such as temperature, propane pressure, or H surface coverage.

Lower bone mineral density (BMD) constitutes a common issue in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies often explore the association between BMD and folic acid level. The presented study aimed to evaluate the impact of MTHFRgene polymorphism and folic acid levels on BMD in patients with IBDs: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The study group comprised IBD patients and a healthy control group. BMD, T-score, and Z-score of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck (FN) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Folic acid level was determined using direct chemiluminescence, and the MTHFR677C > T (rs1801133) and 1298A > C (rs1801131) genotyping were performed by HRMA. Our study found no significant differences in the folic acid levels between the groups. Patients with CD and UC presented a lower BMD, T-score, and Z-score of the FN and L1-L4 than the CG. UC patients who were homozygotes AA in loci c.1298A>C presented lower than controls lumbar spine L1-L4 BMD and T-score values. Regarding MTHFR677 polymorphism, we found that IBD patients carrying CC genotype demonstrated lower than controls femoral neck Z-score, lumbar spine L1-L4 BMD, T-score and Z-score. MTHFRpolymorphisms were found to have no impact on folic acid concentrations. IBD patients presented a higher risk of low BMD than the healthy controls, regardless of MTHFR677 and 1298 genotypes. However, MTHFRpolymorphism may influence on bone in IBD patients. Nevertheless, it appears essential to conduct further studies.

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare, late-onset autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by blisters, vesicular lesions, crusted erosions, and erythematous scaly plaques predominantly in intertriginous regions. HHD is caused by ATP2C1mutations. About 180 distinct mutations have been identified so far; however, data of only few cases from Central Europe are available. The aim was to analyze the ATP2C1gene in a cohort of Polish HHD patients. A group of 18 patients was enrolled in the study based on specific clinical symptoms. Mutations were detected using Sanger or next generation sequencing. In silico analysis was performed by prediction algorisms and dynamic structural modeling. In two cases, mRNA analysis was performed to confirm aberrant splicing. We detected 13 different mutations, including 8 novel, 2 recurrent (p.Gly850Ter and c.325-3 T > G), and 6 sporadic (c.423-1G > T, c.899 + 1G > A, p.Leu539Pro, p.Thr808TyrfsTer16, p.Gln855Arg and a complex allele: c.[1610C > G;1741 + 3A > G]). In silico analysis shows that all novel missense variants are pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We confirmed pathogenic status for two novel variants c.325-3 T > G and c.[1610C > G;1741 + 3A > G] by mRNA analysis. Our results broaden the knowledge about genetic heterogeneity in Central European patients with ATP2C1mutations and also give further evidence that careful and multifactorial evaluation of variant pathogenicity status is essential.

A high-pressure study of a switching coordination network of square lattice topology (sql) loaded with o-xylene (OX), [Co(4,4′-bipyridine)2(NCS)2]n·4nC8H10(sql-1-Co-NCS·4OX), was conducted up to approximately 1 GPa to investigate pressure-induced structural changes. Previous reports revealed that sql-1-Co-NCS exhibits multiple phases thanks to its ability to switch between closed (nonporous) and several open (porous) phases in the presence of various gases, vapors, and liquids. Networks of such properties are of topical interest because they can offer high working capacity and improved recyclability for gas adsorption. The monoclinic crystal structure of sql-1-Co-NCS·4OX at 100 K was previously reported to show an increase in interlayer separation of more than 100% compared to the corresponding closed phase, sql-1-Co-NCS, when exposed to gases or vapors under ambient conditions. Herein, a tetragonal crystal form of sql-1-Co-NCS·4OX (space group I4/mmm, Phase I) that exists at 0.1 MPa/303 K is reported. Exposure of Phase I to high pressure using penetrable pressure transmitting media (OX and 1:1 vol MeOH/EtOH) did not result in further separation of the sqlnetworks. Rather, compression of the crystals and release of adsorbed OX molecules occurred. These pressure-induced changes are discussed in terms of structural voids, framework conformation, and molecular packing of the sqllayers. Although Phase I retained tetragonal symmetry throughout the investigated pressure range, the interlayer voids occupied by OX molecules were significantly reduced between 0.3 and 0.5 GPa; further compression above 0.5 GPa induced structural disorder. Additionally, analysis of the electron count present in the pores of sql-1-Co-NCS confirmed the multistep evacuation of OX molecules from the crystal, and two intermediate phases, Iaand Ib, differing in the OX loading level, are postulated.

Duckweed, a perennial and one of the smallest vascular plants, possesses significant potential as a co-substrate in methane fermentation. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with cultivating and breeding this vegetation on an industrial scale remain a subject of scrutiny. In this article, the authors present findings from a series of laboratory and outdoor tests aimed at formulating a comprehensive solution for the cultivation of duckweed on an industrial level. The proposed solutions encompass technical innovations and a year-round cultivation system for duckweed. These solutions are specifically tailored for small water and sewage management companies, with the primary objective of converting 100% of sludge into a valuable product and halting 100% of water circulation, by utilizing treated sewage. The overarching goal is to generate cost-effective, green energy, thereby providing the potential for energy independence for enterprises. This innovative approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also aligns with the economic viability of small-scale water and sewage management operations.

Ionizing radiation detection in harsh environment conditions often requires additional signal processing to match the requirements of the commercial data readout systems. The subject of this paper is the design of the high-temperature (HT) signal conditioning module that ensures the applicability of scintillation detectors that utilize photomultiplier tubes (PMT) with moderate sampling rate instrumentation. The design was developed for the operation in HT environments (up to 120°C). In order to achieve the optimal signal shape, the module combines a charge amplifier and a low-pass filtering circuitry. An embedded power supply section makes it a complete, standalone unit requiring a single 12 V supplying line. A comprehensive analysis of the developed device, named “PreAmp Shape”, was conducted in order to prove the intended functionality over the different working conditions.

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Purifying air from dust is a very important, current topic. There are many methods to minimize the amount of dust, one of them being chamber filters. This paper presents the research results of a newly designed rectangular chamber filter. The efficiency of the dedusting process is influenced by contamination properties, but also by the construction of the apparatus, inlet, and outlet location, the ratio of certain dimensions, and the gas flow rate. The airflow containing solid particles is a multi-phase, difficult-to-describe issue, therefore an attempt to determine the trajectory of particle movement in the apparatus was carried out using the PIV method. A decrease in the dedusting efficiency was observed with the increase of the gas flow rate, as well as for smaller diameters of the solid particles. The obtained values of the efficiency of the apparatus are comparable with the values obtained for the constructions discussed in other papers.

The article deals with the issue of supporting the technological modernization of agriculture by investing in infrastructure surrounding the farms with the use of a financial instrument in the form of the Rural Development Program (RDP) based on the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The article describes, among other things, the importance of infrastructure and support for its development in rural areas in the process of functioning and modernization of the agricultural sector. For the purposes of the article, the data obtained from the Department of Rural Development Programs of the Lubuskie Marshal’s Office on expenditure and effects of RDP use in 2007-2020, in infrastructure investments in rural areas of the Lubuskie Voivodeship was analysed. In the article, the authors attempted to present the instrument in the form of the Rural Development Program as a tool for indirect impact on the process of modernization and transformation of agriculture in the Lubuskie Voivodeship, primarily by changing the infrastructural conditions for the functioning and development of agricultural production in rural areas.

Monogenic diabetes caused by mutation in the glucokinase gene (GCK-MD) is a rare disorder manifesting in childhood as mild, prevalent hyperglycemia. By consensus, it is managed by dietary supervision and infrequent consultations. However, its impact on the mental health of the affected children is largely unknown.

The occurrence of polymorphism in ionic cocrystals formed by two lithium salts, lithium salicylate (LIS) and lithium 4-methoxybenzoate (L4M), and l-proline (PRO) has been investigated. The previously reported monoclinic form of the 1:1 cocrystal of LIS and PRO, LISPRO(α), and a new thermodynamically stable orthorhombic polymorph, LISPRO(β), were prepared and characterized. The two polymorphs form square grid, sql, topology coordination networks and differ mainly in the conformation of the salicylate ions and positioning of the sql nets. LISPRO(α) was observed to transform to LISPRO(β) under slurry conditions. The 1:1 ionic cocrystal of L4M and PRO (L4MPRO) was found to form three polymorphs. Apart from the previously reported orthorhombic crystal form, L4MPRO(α), two new monoclinic crystal forms, L4MPRO(β) and L4MPRO(γ), were obtained by modifying crystallization conditions. The new polymorphs were found to be metastable, undergoing transformations to L4MPRO(α) upon exposure to humidity. Experimental conditions that induce transformations between the polymorphs of LISPRO and L4MPRO are detailed, and the structural differences between the polymorphs are discussed in the broader context of polymorphism.

The sailing market continues to develop rapidly and has a high growth potential. Sailing is one of the most popular types of recreational activity in Poland due to an abundance of lakes, including the Great Masurian Lakeland Trail which received a special mention from UNESCO. The development of nautical tourism requires effective organizational and technical solutions. The absence of a public mooring information system in Poland’s inland harbors has prompted the development of the Global Yacht Positioning System (GYPS) for mobile devices. The design process was preceded by a survey of sailors and marina operators to identify their needs and expectations, as well as an inventory of marinas in the Polish region of Masuria. The developed prototype system is a mobile application that relies on data transmission, communication and satellite technologies. The proposed solution is a convenient tool that will facilitate the operations of inland harbors and improve navigation safety.

Infertility is an increasing problem that affects couples attempting pregnancy. A growing body of evidence points to a link between diet and female fertility. In fact, data show that a diet high in transfats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars can negatively affect fertility. Conversely, a diet based on the Mediterranean dietary patterns, i.e., rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive impact on female fertility. An unhealthy diet can disrupt microbiota composition, and it is worth investigating whether the composition of the gut microbiota correlates with the frequency of infertility. There is a lack of evidence to exclude gluten from the diet of every woman trying to become pregnant in the absence of celiac disease. Furthermore, there are no data concerning adverse effects of alcohol on female fertility, and caffeine consumption in the recommended amounts also does not seem to affect fertility. On the other hand, phytoestrogens presumably have a positive influence on female fertility. Nevertheless, there are many unanswered questions with regard to supplementation in order to enhance fertility. It has been established that women of childbearing age should supplement folic acid. Moreover, most people experience vitamin D and iodine deficiency; thus, it is vital to control their blood concentrations and consider supplementation if necessary. Therefore, since diet and lifestyle seem to be significant factors influencing fertility, it is valid to expand knowledge in this area.Statement of Significance: This manuscript provides the current knowledge and a holistic view of diet and supplementation with regard to female fertility.

Infertility is an increasing problem that affects couples attempting pregnancy. A growing body of evidence points to a link between diet and female fertility. In fact, data show that a diet high in transfats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars can negatively affect fertility. Conversely, a diet based on the Mediterranean dietary patterns, i.e., rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive impact on female fertility. An unhealthy diet can disrupt microbiota composition, and it is worth investigating whether the composition of the gut microbiota correlates with the frequency of infertility. There is a lack of evidence to exclude gluten from the diet of every woman trying to become pregnant in the absence of celiac disease. Furthermore, there are no data concerning adverse effects of alcohol on female fertility, and caffeine consumption in the recommended amounts also does not seem to affect fertility. On the other hand, phytoestrogens presumably have a positive influence on female fertility. Nevertheless, there are many unanswered questions with regard to supplementation in order to enhance fertility. It has been established that women of childbearing age should supplement folic acid. Moreover, most people experience vitamin D and iodine deficiency; thus, it is vital to control their blood concentrations and consider supplementation if necessary. Therefore, since diet and lifestyle seem to be significant factors influencing fertility, it is valid to expand knowledge in this area.

This article considers the contingency of performance art documentation: how an accidentally acquired image or deliberately created documentation influences one’s memory of performance art events and creates a fictional action that exists only in one’s imagination. This phenomenon is illustrated with examples of widely known, iconic performances as well as primary sources, such as interviews with artists and documentalists. Consideration and analysis of whether technological improvements change the contingent and fictional nature of documentation are also included. Finally, the article analyzes the problem from both the perspective of a researcher, as well as an experienced individual who has documented hundreds of performance art pieces.

Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the ZEB2gene, intragenic deletions of the ZEB2gene, and microdeletions in the critical chromosomal region 2q22-23, where the ZEB2gene is located. Mowat-Wilson syndrome is characterized by typical facial features that change with the age, severe developmental delay with intellectual disability, and multiple congenital abnormalities. The authors describe the clinical and genetic aspects of 28th patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome diagnosed in Poland. Characteristic dysmorphic features, psychomotor retardation, intellectual disability, and congenital anomalies were present in all cases. The incidence of most common congenital anomalies (heart defect, Hirschsprung disease, brain defects) was similar to presented in literature. Epilepsy was less common compared to previously reported cases. Although the spectrum of disorders in patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome is wide, knowledge of characteristic dysmorphic features awareness of accompanying abnormalities, especially intellectual disability, improves detection of the syndrome.

The propensity of molecular organic compounds to form stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric crystalline hydrates remains a challenging aspect of crystal engineering and is of practical relevance to fields such as pharmaceutical science. In this work, we address the propensity for hydrate formation of a library of eight compounds comprised of 5- and 6-membered N-heterocyclic aromatics classified into three subgroups: linear dipyridyls, substituted Schiff bases, and tripodal molecules. Each molecular compound studied possesses strong hydrogen bond acceptors and is devoid of strong hydrogen bond donors. Four methods were used to screen for hydrate propensity using the anhydrate forms of the molecular compounds in our library: water slurry under ambient conditions, exposure to humidity, aqueous solvent drop grinding (SDG), and dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS). In addition, crystallization from mixed solvents was studied. Water slurry, aqueous SDG, and exposure to humidity were found to be the most effective methods for hydrate screening. Our study also involved a structural analysis using the Cambridge Structural Database, electrostatic potential (ESP) maps, full interaction maps (FIMs), and crystal packing motifs. The hydrate propensity of each compound studied was compared to a compound of the same type known to form a hydrate through a previous study of ours. Out of the eight newly studied compounds (herein numbered 4–11), three Schiff bases were observed to form hydrates. Three crystal structures (two hydrates and one anhydrate) were determined. Compound 6crystallized as an isolated site hydrate in the monoclinic space group P21/a, while 7and 10crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/cas a channel tetrahydrate and an anhydrate, respectively. Whereas we did not find any direct correlation between the number of H–bond acceptors and either hydrate propensity or the stoichiometry of the resulting hydrates, analysis of FIMs suggested that hydrates tend to form when the corresponding anhydrate structure does not facilitate intermolecular interactions.

This article presents a tool for reaching consensus in the participatory planning of the conversion and renovation of an urban space. It is based on the main assumption of combining descriptive and normative approaches in the actions of experts. It is an innovative way to strengthen the possibility of expert assessment in the decision-making process concerning desired spatial transformations. The authors hereof resorted to their own long-term experience when elaborating a tool that can easily support the selection of the optimal solution for maximizing benefits and minimizing outlay. The issues presented herein refer to the Central European context, which is characterized by a low level of social trust and by contentiousness in making joint decisions. The tool presented herein can contribute to participatory planning practice by enabling an expert to select solutions that meet the highest efficiency criteria on more objective grounds. It can be used to identify the convergent expectations of various social groups, thus facilitating conflict mitigation and arrival at a consensus. As a result, it can underlie the process of building social trust.

The paper provides the simulation results of a small-diameter guided training bomb released during atmospheric turbulence. The simulation utilized a guided bombed devised at ITWL. Aerodynamic characteristics of the bomb were obtained from wind tunnel tests and from calculations made by the PRODAS programme. The simulation programme was developed based on a mathematical model describing a spatial motion of an aerial bomb moving in atmospheric turbulence. To describe a turbulence component, the model of stochastic processes proposed by Shinozuki was used. The manuscript includes examples of diagrams of basic parameters showing the bomb flight in a disturbed atmosphere. The analysis of the impact of the standard deviation of the wind on the change in the parameters of bomb flight was performed. The relationships between the parameters of bomb flight and the possibility to hit the target were provided.

Identifying the structure of the most active site is essential to improve the performance of supported metal catalysts. For structure-sensitive reactions, in silicodesign cannot be easily achieved combining the scaling relations and Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relations, which are only built on energy-based descriptors. We used here the generalized coordination number as a structural descriptor and established that low-coordinated sites are desirable when using Co and Cu to perform the acceptor-less alcohol dehydrogenation reaction.

Cobalt nanorods and cobalt nanoplatelets, prepared by the same organometallic route with two different metal precursors, were tested for the first time in the acceptor-less dehydrogenation of 2-octanol. The nature of the metal precursor determines not only nanoparticle morphology but also their surface chemistry. While cobalt nanorods showed high conversions (up to 85% after 24 h) and complete selectivity toward 2-octanone with concomitant molecular hydrogen production, cobalt nanoplatelets were practically inactive. Here, we show that this striking difference in the catalytic properties is not associated with facet-dependent differences in reactivity, but rather with different surface chemistry. The activity critically depends on the coordinating ability of the adsorbed species under catalytic reaction conditions and to a smaller degree on their concentration, as evidenced by ligand exchange experiments at room temperature as well as by direct addition of ligands in the reaction during catalysis by cobalt nanorods. This study shows that to optimize performances with unsupported metal nanocatalysts, the capping ligands should be selected by considering their ability to reversibly dissociate from the metal surface during catalysis.

ABSTRACTThe paper undertakes a critical analysis of the so-called Presupposition of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius Loyola, which prescribes the benevolent interpretation of the other’s words. We aim to identify the anthropological and epistemological background of the pedagogical guidelines contained therein and to explicate the intellectual and moral virtues needed to put them into practice. We argue that practising the Presupposition is both virtuous and mutually beneficial in pedagogical practice.

The new vehicle scanning system Sowa has been developed in the National Centre for Nuclear Research. This innovative device is equipped with a 300 kV X-ray tube, U-shape imaging detector line, transport system, and fully shielded container. Sowa allows for a detailed inspection of the car and the detection of illegal transported items. This article presents the design, applied solutions, and achieved results of Sowa scanning system.

The Mediator complex subunit 13-like is a part of the large Mediator complex. Recently, a large number of patients were diagnosed with mutations in this gene, which makes it one of the most frequent causes of syndromic intellectual disability. In this work, we report a patient with a novel de novolikely pathogenic variant c.5941C>T, p.(Gln1981*) in the MED13Lgene with severe intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. Uncommon findings like lack of speech, strabismus and self-destructive behaviour present in our patient allowed us to further define the phenotypic spectrum of mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects syndrome.

ABSTRACTThe link between gut microbiota and the development of colorectal cancer has been investigated. An imbalance in the gut microbiota promotes the progress of colorectal carcinogenesis viamultiple mechanisms, including inflammation, activation of carcinogens, and tumorigenic pathways as well as damaging host DNA. Several therapeutic methods are available with which to alter the composition and the activity of gut microbiota, such as administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; these can confer various benefits for colorectal cancer patients. Nowadays, fecal microbiota transplantation is the most modern way of modulating the gut microbiota. Even though data regarding fecal microbiota transplantation in colorectal cancer patients are still rather limited, it has been approved as a clinical method of treatment-recurrent Clostridium difficileinfection, which may also occur in these patients. The major benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation include modulation of immunotherapy efficacy, amelioration of bile acid metabolism, and restoration of intestinal microbial diversity. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of fecal microbiota transplantation. In this review, the impact of gut microbiota on the efficiency of anti-cancer therapy and colorectal cancer patients’ overall survival is also discussed.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a predominantly immunoglobulin G (IgG)-autoantibody-mediated disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Rozanolixizumab, a subcutaneously infused humanized monoclonal anti-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody, reduced serum IgG in healthy volunteers. In this phase 2, multicenter, open-label study, patients with persistent/chronic primary ITP received 1 to 5 once-weekly subcutaneous infusions of rozanolixizumab (cumulative doses, 15-21 mg/kg). Primary objectives were safety and tolerability, and secondary objectives were clinical efficacy (change in platelet count) and pharmacodynamic effect (change in IgG). In all, 51 (77.3%) of 66 patients reported 1 or more adverse events (AEs), all mild-to-moderate, most commonly headaches (26 [39.4%] of 66), of which 15 were treatment related. Four patients had serious AEs, but none were treatment related. No AEs resulted in discontinuation of the study drug. No serious infections occurred. Platelet counts of ≥50 × 109/L were achieved at least once at any time after multiple infusions (5 × 4, 3 × 7, or 2 × 10 mg/kg: 35.7%, 35.7%, and 45.5% of patients, respectively) or single infusions (15 or 20 mg/kg: 66.7% and 54.5% patients, respectively). Minimum mean IgG levels and maximum mean platelet counts both occurred by day 8 in the higher (15 and 20 mg/kg) single-dose cohorts and maximum platelet count occurred by day 11 onward in the multiple-dose cohorts. No clinically meaningful changes occurred in IgA, IgM, IgE, or albumin levels. In patients with persistent/chronic primary ITP, rozanolixizumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile and rapid, substantial platelet increases concordant with substantial IgG reductions, especially with single doses. By day 8, in the 15 and 20 mg/kg single-dose cohorts, >50% patients achieved clinically relevant platelet responses (≥50 × 109/L), coinciding with the lowest mean IgG levels. These data support phase 3 development of rozanolixizumab in persistent/chronic primary ITP. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.govas #NCT02718716.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a predominantly immunoglobulin G (IgG)-autoantibody-mediated disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Rozanolixizumab, a subcutaneously infused humanized monoclonal anti-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody, reduced serum IgG in healthy volunteers. In this phase 2, multicenter, open-label study, patients with persistent/chronic primary ITP received 1 to 5 once-weekly subcutaneous infusions of rozanolixizumab (cumulative doses, 15-21 mg/kg). Primary objectives were safety and tolerability, and secondary objectives were clinical efficacy (change in platelet count) and pharmacodynamic effect (change in IgG). In all, 51 (77.3%) of 66 patients reported 1 or more adverse events (AEs), all mild-to-moderate, most commonly headaches (26 [39.4%] of 66), of which 15 were treatment related. Four patients had serious AEs, but none were treatment related. No AEs resulted in discontinuation of the study drug. No serious infections occurred. Platelet counts of ≥50 × 109/L were achieved at least once at any time after multiple infusions (5 × 4, 3 × 7, or 2 × 10 mg/kg: 35.7%, 35.7%, and 45.5% of patients, respectively) or single infusions (15 or 20 mg/kg: 66.7% and 54.5% patients, respectively). Minimum mean IgG levels and maximum mean platelet counts both occurred by day 8 in the higher (15 and 20 mg/kg) single-dose cohorts and maximum platelet count occurred by day 11 onward in the multiple-dose cohorts. No clinically meaningful changes occurred in IgA, IgM, IgE, or albumin levels. In patients with persistent/chronic primary ITP, rozanolixizumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile and rapid, substantial platelet increases concordant with substantial IgG reductions, especially with single doses. By day 8, in the 15 and 20 mg/kg single-dose cohorts, >50% patients achieved clinically relevant platelet responses (≥50 × 109/L), coinciding with the lowest mean IgG levels. These data support phase 3 development of rozanolixizumab in persistent/chronic primary ITP. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02718716.

The mechanism of photooxidation of methionine (N-Ac-Met-NH-CH3, 1) and methyl-cysteine (N-Ac-MeCys-NH-CH3, 2) analogues by 3-carboxybenzophenone triplet (3CB*) in neutral aqueous solution was studied using techniques of nanosecond laser flash photolysis and steady-state photolysis. The short-lived transients derived from 3CB and sulfur-containing amino acids were identified, and their quantum yields and kinetics of formation and decay were determined. The stable photoproducts were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Substantial differences in the mechanisms were found for methionine and S-methyl-cysteine analogues for both primary and secondary photoreactions. A new secondary reaction channel (back hydrogen atom transfer from the ketyl radical to the carbon-centered α-thioalkyl radical yielding reactants in the ground states) was suggested. The detailed mechanisms of 3CB* sensitized photooxidation of 1and 2are proposed and discussed.

Matthew Lipman’s P4C (Philosophy for Children) method, which in Poland took the names: philosophising with children, philosophical investigations with children, workshops in philosophy, workshop classes in philosophy, workshops on philosophical research, is based on a discussion in which children are the active participants and creators of the classes. In the course of the investigations, one can observe children’s communication behaviour in the dialogue, the level of language and communication skills, the specificity of the child’s thinking and the ability to negotiate or interpret meanings in a peer group. The conducted research on communication shows that for five- and six-year-old children ‘communication’ is primarily about building relationships and reciprocity of linguistic actions.

We report a highly effective metal-free catalytic procedure for the functionalization of silsesquioxanes via dehydrocoupling of various POSS silanols with hydrosilanes in the presence of commercially available tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane B(C6F5)3. This approach enables the unprecedented one-pot synthesis of valuable silsesquioxane derivatives under mild conditions, with no corrosive byproducts formed in the process.

The aim of the following research it to provide assumptions for creating workflow efficiency model that can be implemented in repeatable production workstations. One of the main components of this model are human activities and their interactions with other elements of working environment: human and artefacts. Recognition of patterns of human behaviours within working processes gives the opportunity to find critical points that influence workflow efficiency.

The paper presented here describes a new practical approach to the reconstruction problem applied to 3D spiral x-ray tomography. The concept we propose is based on a continuous-to-continuous data model, and the reconstruction problem is formulated as a shift invariant system. This original reconstruction method is formulated taking into consideration the statistical properties of signals obtained by the 3D geometry of a CT scanner. It belongs to the class of nutating reconstruction methods and is based on the advanced single slice rebinning (ASSR) methodology. The concept shown here significantly improves the quality of the images obtained after reconstruction and decreases the complexity of the reconstruction problem in comparison with other approaches. Computer simulations have been performed, which prove that the reconstruction algorithm described here does indeed significantly outperforms conventional analytical methods in the quality of the images obtained.

Achieving well-functioning dialysis fistulas is a common problem in dialyzed patients, and it is mainly caused by the pathologies of vessels used for fistula creation. Hybrid therapies, combining surgical and endovascular procedures, potentially enable the creation of functional dialysis fistulas in patients with vessels that are otherwise unsuitable for vascular access.

The binary diagram for pyrimidine:water mixtures has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry, in situ single-crystal, and powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The eutectic point has been located near the 1:4 n/n ratio at 234.5 K. The eutectic and nearly eutectic mixtures easily vitrify, and the vitrification could be kinetically induced for 1:3 n/n mixtures, too. Depending on the cooling rate, the 1:4 mixture freezes in the glass state, as a conglomerate of the glass and crystalline phases, or as the eutectic mixture of pyrimidine phase I and hexagonal ice Ih. When heated above 160 K, the glass phase transforms to a novel crystalline phase, tentatively identified as a pyrimidine hydrate, which in turn at ca. 200–210 K transforms into a eutectic mixture of pyrimidine phase I and hexagonal ice Ih. The pyrimidine–water binary diagram and novel crystalline and amorphous phases are relevant to the thermodynamic behavior of hydrophilic pyrimidine and its natural and synthetic derivatives in humid environments. The presently determined binary diagram can be straightforwardly applied for assessing the contents of water in highly hygroscopic pyrimidine samples.

Niedożywienie jest istotnym problemem dotykającym chorych poddanych transplantacji komórek krwiotwórczych (HCT). W okresie wczesnym po HCT, powikłania ze strony przewodu pokarmowego po postępowaniu przygotowawczym prowadzą do zmniejszonej podaży pokarmu i zaburzeń wchłaniania. Nasileniu niedożywienia sprzyja znacznie zwiększony katabolizm oraz rozwój choroby przeszczep przeciw gospodarzowi. Prowadzenie optymalnego leczenia żywieniowego pozostaje istotnym elementem opieki potransplantacyjnej. W pracy przedstawiono znaczenia regularnej oceny stanu odżywienia biorców HCT oraz omówiono dostępne metody leczenia żywieniowego. Żywienie doustne, które należy kontynuować tak długo jak jest to możliwe, można uzupełnić o preparaty wysokobiałkowe i wysokokaloryczne. Jeżeli żywienie doustne nie jest możliwe lub nie pokrywa zapotrzebowanie białkowo-kalorycznego, można rozważyć żywienie dojelitowe, jednak w praktyce klinicznej najczęściej stosowane jest żywienie pozajelitowe. W leczeniu żywieniowym chorych po HCT zastosowanie mogą znaleźć składniki immunomodulujące, w tym glutamina i kwasy tłuszczowe omega-3, oraz prebiotyki i probiotyki, które mogą korzystnie wpłynąć na skład mikrobiomu jelit.

Members of the Rab GTPase family are master regulators of vesicle trafficking. When disregulated, they are associated with a number of pathological states. The inhibition of RGGT, an enzyme responsible for post-translational geranylgeranylation of Rab GTPases represents one way to control the activity of these proteins. Because the number of molecules modulating RGGT is limited, we combined molecular modeling with biological assays to ascertain how modifications of phosphonocarboxylates, the first reported RGGT inhibitors, rationally improve understanding of their structure–activity relationship. We have identified the privileged position in the core scaffold of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring, which can be modified without compromising compounds’ potency. Thus modified compounds are micromolar inhibitors of Rab11A prenylation, simultaneously being inactive against Rap1A/Rap1B modification, with the ability to inhibit proliferation of the HeLa cancer cell line. These findings were rationalized by molecular docking, which recognized interaction of phosphonic and carboxylic groups as decisive in phosphonocarboxylate localization in the RGGT binding site.

Silsesquioxanes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unique hybrid structure and versatile properties. Herein, we report the first catalytic approach to the synthesis of completely and partially condensed germanium-functionalized silsesquioxanes as well as germasilsesquioxanes, mediated by scandium(III) triflate. We provide a solution for introducing germyl functionalities into various types of silsesquioxanes under mild conditions with excellent yields. This methodology turns out to be a highly efficient and selective synthesis route to obtaining novel germanium-containing silsesquioxanes. These new multielement POSS derivatives may have great potential for further applications as valuable multifunctional building blocks in material chemistry.

Background:Tazemetostat, a first-in-class, oral, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) after demonstrating single-agent, antitumor activity in patients with wild-type (WT) or mutant (MT) EZH2. Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24), exposure to multiple lines of prior therapy, and refractoriness to rituximab therapy have been shown to adversely affect the prognosis of patients receiving second- or third-line regimens for R/R FL, including chemoimmunotherapy. We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis to better understand how these factors impact the outcomes in patients receiving tazemetostat.

Salles: Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Participation in educational events; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Participation in educational events; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: Participation in educational events; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Participation in educational events; Autolus: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Participation in educational events; Genmab: Consultancy; Epizyme: Consultancy; Debiopharm: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other. Tilly:BMS: Honoraria. McKay:Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board: Current Employment; Roche, Gilead, Takeda, Janssen: Other: For lectures etc; TAKEDA: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES (paid by any for-profit health care company), Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Phillips:Beigene: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy, Other: travel expenses; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Cardinal Health: Consultancy. Assouline:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Batlevi:Janssen, Novartis, Epizyme, Xynomics, Bayer, Autolus, Roche/Genentech: Research Funding; Life Sci, GLG, Juno/Celgene, Seattle Genetics, Kite: Consultancy. Campbell:Amgen, Novartis, Roche, Janssen, Celgene (BMS): Research Funding; AstraZeneca, Janssen, Roche, Amgen, CSL Behring, Novartis: Consultancy. Ribrag:BAY1000394 studies on MCL: Patents & Royalties; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Epizyme: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; argenX: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding; Institut Gustave Roussy: Current Employment; Immune Design: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Expenses; arGEN-X-BVBA: Research Funding; Nanostring: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eisai: Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmamar: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AZD: Honoraria, Other; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Expenses; Infinity: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Damaj:Roche, Takeda, Accord: Honoraria; Roche, Takeda, Iqone, Accord: Consultancy; Abbevie, Pfizer, Takeda, Roche: Other: Travel. Dickinson:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Jurczak:BeiGene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Epizyme: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland: Current Employment; Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Sandoz-Novartis: Consultancy; European Medicines Agency,: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Takeda: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Afimed: Research Funding; Janssen China R&D: Consultancy, Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Research Funding; Acerta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics, Inc.: Research Funding. Kaźmierczak:Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Poznan University of Medical Sciences: Current Employment. Opat:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AstraZenca: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Beigene: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CSL: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Mundipharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Epizyme: Research Funding; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel accomodations, Research Funding. Radford:GlaxoSmithKline: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: Spouse; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; ADCT: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Other: Spouse. Schmitt:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche, Janssen: Honoraria. Whalen:TESARO (ended employment Nov 2018): Ended employment in the past 24 months; Epizyme, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Hamlett:Epizyme, Inc.: Current Employment, Research Funding; Sanofi: Ended employment in the past 24 months. Kamp:Karyopharm: Consultancy; Epizyme, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Adib:Epizyme, Inc.: Consultancy; Alacrita: Current Employment. Morschhauser:Janssen: Honoraria; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy; F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Epizyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Consultancy; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

This article discusses the use of wavelet decomposition in the diagnostics of vibrometric signals of an engine. Apart from presenting the possibility of using wavelets in diagnostics, the authors take up the subject of the applicability range of processing for stationary signals, which until now has been reserved for non-stationary signals. A unified definition of signal stationarity has been proposed, which is not based on statistics. The authors presented methods of wavelet decomposition of a vibrometric signal of combustion engine vibrations, measured with the use of LDV (Laser Doppler Vibrometry). Laser measurements allows for studying an object without ‘touching’ its housing. Basing on the relative velocity of engine vibrations, the authors indicate how reliable vibrations are in diagnostics. Despite higher costs, this measurement method gives better results (for specific cases) than acoustic studies. Transform – wavelet decomposition is a solution hardly ever used in machine diagnostics; it is more often applied in medicine and image recognition. The authors presented the differences that can be obtained for different levels of decomposition, and also presented the impact on the engine condition assessment through the use of filtering (windowing) the signal before decomposition.

A commercially available and stable ruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyst (Ru3(CO)12) allows very efficient and convenient access to functionalized silsesquioxanes (SQs) containing siloxane moiety (Si–O–Si) via dehydrogenative coupling of POSS-silanols with hydrosilanes. With the aid of SiH-containing silsesquioxanes, an unprecedented one-pot procedure has been revealed, and the usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of various derivatives via O-silylation, as well as C═C and C═N hydrosilylation.

This article presents the results of investigations focused on the role of molecularly ordered structures (molecular clusters) on combustion process. The proposed new mechanism of the reactions initiation takes into account the role of molecular clusters in energy (heat and energy of electrons emitted by the surface of the walls of combustion chamber) conductivity regulation. Literature survey shows that molecular clusters created by aromatic hydrocarbons are responsible for particulate matter. The combustion process itself is not uniform in whole combustion chamber. Such diversity, caused mainly by heterogeneous thermal state of combustion chamber is recognized as significant reason to create various products of combustion including carbon oxides, carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides. Jet fuel and its blends with n-butanol and biobutanol in concentration from 10 to 75 % (V/V) were subjected to laboratory tests. Such blends were also tested on the test rig with a miniature turbojet engine – MiniJETRig. Engine operating parameters and carbon oxide emission were measured. The relations between electrical conductivity and parameters of engine test (e.g. temperature in selected points in combustion chamber) were assessed. Engine tests were carried out according to specific profile of engine test, which models different engine operating modes. The results of experimental investigations, shown in the article, initially confirm the proposed mechanism of the oxidation reactions initiation during combustion process.

There is a direct relationship between bodyweight and risk of diabetes. Lorcaserin, a selective serotonin 2C receptor agonist that suppresses appetite, has been shown to facilitate sustained weight loss in obese or overweight patients. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of lorcaserin on diabetes prevention and remission.