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Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) (Family: Araliaceae) is one of the most widely used traditional herbs in Asia. Multiple studies have shown that KRGE has anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects.

Ni(OH)2-based materials are widely considered advanced energy storage materials, but their poor cycle performance makes their practical application and commercialization slow. Herein, Ni(OH)2@g-C3N4core-shell (crystal and amorphous) heterojunctions are synthesized. These heterojunctions enhance the specific surface area and ionic diffusion, especially the heterojunction formed by the amorphous shell, which shows robust performance. This heterojunction mainly uses the fast reversible Faraday reaction of battery type as the primary energy storage mechanism. The as-prepared core-shell heterojunction showed nearly double specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability (578.5 F g−1and 109.3 % retentions after 5000 cycles) over pristine Ni(OH)2(285.8 F g−1and 101.6 % retentions after 5000 cycles). Finally, an efficient hybrid supercapacitor is developed via Ni(OH)2@g-C3N4//AC, which combines the advantages of the battery and supercapacitors. The hybrid supercapacitor device shows enhanced capacitance (311.8 F g−1) and outstanding cycle performance (84.3 % retentions after 10,000 cycles). In particular, the energy density of 78.0 Wh kg−1can still be provided while maintaining the power density of 1201.1 W kg−1. This emerging heterostructure offers new insight into Ni(OH)2-based materials in energy applications.

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Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.We investigated whether handgrip strength can be used to predict the level of exercise capacity in patients with coronary heart disease. Handgrip strength was related to distance of 6-min walk test and maximal oxygen uptake. It was the only predictor of all exercise capacity categories, and one of the strongest predictors of each exercise capacity category.

The rapid development of new vehicles and portable electronics has continuously pressured advanced renewable energy-storage technologies to deliver exceptional energy-power outputs and long lifetimes. Hybrid supercapacitors attract attention owing to their outstanding power density, high specific capacitance, and excellent cycling stability. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) g-C3N4nanosheets and 3D CoSe2hierarchical microflower heterojunction electrodes were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal preparation method, and their electrochemical performances were evaluated. Surface morphology analysis demonstrated that the g-C3N4nanosheets were well-dispersed on the CoSe2hierarchical microflower surface. The interstitial contact between CoSe2and g-C3N4effectively narrowed the bandgap energy, enhanced the electrical conductivity, and improved the electrochemical properties. Electrochemical analysis indicated rapid reaction kinetics and significant energy-storage capacity for the CoSe2/g-C3N4heterojunction electrode. Notably, the CoSe2/g-C3N4heterojunction electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 1024.4 F/g at 1 A/g. The assembled CoSe2/g-C3N4heterojunction hybrid supercapacitor device exhibited a high energy (62 Wh/kg), high power density (775 W/kg), and remarkable lifespan after 10,000 cycles. The developed electrode is promising for energy-related device applications.

Background:Lesion length had been investigated widely as a strong predictor of low procedural complications, high complication rate and high restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there are limited data regarding the long-term clinical outcomes following successful PCI for long lesions in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:A total 1302 AMI patients underwent PCI were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups; 1) long lesion group (?30mm, N=737) and 2) short lesion group (<30mm, N=565).Individual and composite major clinical outcomes including major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of total death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization and stent thrombosis were compared between the two groups up to 5 years.Results:At 5 years follow up, long lesion group had significantly higher incidence revascularization (HR: 1.377, 95% CI: 1.030 to 1.840; p = 0.031) including target lesion revascularization (TLR, HR: 1.620, 95% CI: 1.137 to 2.308; p = 0.008) and MACE (HR: 1.338, 95% CI: 1.062 to 1.685; p = 0.014) than short lesion group (Table). Using multivariate logistic regression, and after adjusting for potential risk factors, long coronary lesion patients had higher incidence of MACE including total death, cardiac death, revascularization and stent thrombosis up to 5 years.Conclusion:In this study, long coronary lesions (?30mm) treated with drug-eluting stents after AMI were associated with higher incidence of revascularization and total MACE than short coronary lesion (< 30 mm) up to 5 years.

Introduction:Although the use of high intensity statin is recommanded in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for secondary prevention, there has been consistent concern regarding its association with development diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigate the impact of high intensity atorvastatin on cardiovascular outcome and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) compared to high intensity rosuvastatin up to 3 years follow up.Methods:From November 2011 to May 2015, we reviewed a total of 6,392 AMI patients who did not have diabetes. Among them, a total of 1,924 patients with high intensity of atorvastatin (40 mg to 80mg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg) were enrolled for analysis. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) including total death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization and NODM were investigated between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin group following 3 years.Results:Baseline characteristics were comparable between 2 groups. In Kaplan-Meier curve, the event free survival rate of NODM is significantly higher in atorvastatin group than rosuvastatin group (95.2% vs. 90.9%, Log rank p-value = 0.002). The event free survival rate of MACE was not significantly different between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin group (95.0% vs. 93.0%, Log rank p-value = 0.653). Finally, the event free survival rate of composite of NODM and MACE is significantly higher in atorvastatin compared to rosuvastatin (90.6% vs. 84.9%, Log rank p-value = 0.028).Conclusions:Among the patients with AMI, high intensity atorvastatin was associated with lower incidence of NODM and similar clinical outcome compared to high intensity rosuvastatin. High intensity atorvastatin could be preferable treatment strategy in AMI patients who are high risk of diabetes.

Background:Dual antiplatelet therapy including aspirin and clopidogrel had been indicated for inhibition of platelets activity after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are limited data concerning the impact of triple antiplatelets (including cilostazol) on short and long term clinical outcomes following multivessel PCI in AMI setting.Methods:A total 314 patients underwent PCI in 2 or more vessels were included. Patients were divided into two groups; 1) dual antiplatelet therapy (N=197) and 2) triple antiplatelet therapy (N=117).Individual and composite major clinical outcomes including major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of total death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization and stent thrombosis were compared between the two groups up to 1 year.Results:The baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups except male gender , dyslipidemia and peak CK-MB were higher in triple therapy group. However, male gender was higher in dual therapy group .Triple therapy group had higher incidences of ostial lesions, bifurcation lesions, and left main stenosis. Peak values of troponin T, bleeding complications, and LVEF were similar between the two groups. At 30-day follow up, the incidence of total MACE (HR: 0.960, 95% CI: 0.424 to 2.171; p = 0.921) between triple and dual antiplatelet group were similar. Moreover, at 1-year follow up, the incidence of MACE (HR1.240, 95% CI: 0.776 to 1.981; p = 0.368) not different between the two groups.Conclusion:In this study, triple antiplatelet therapy following multivessel PCI in AMI was associated with reduced risk of adverse clinical outcomes including incidence of cardiac death, revascularization, stent thrombosis, stroke, stent thrmbosis and total MACE as compared with dual antiplatelet therapy despite of worse clinical and angiographic characteristics at 30 days and up to 1 year.

Background:Although advances in medical technology and health care have led to increased life expectancy, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke and cardiovascular events has increased.Purpose:This study evaluated the prevalence of hypertension, treatment, and the impact of hypertension on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke risk in Koreans.Methods:The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) database, which is a stratified random sampling to assess the health and nutritional status of Koreans (https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr), was analyzed for this study. The subjects of the survey were sampled to represent the entire population of the Republic of Korea. The endpoints of the study are the risk of CVD and stroke due to the prevalence of hypertension. We also examined the relationship between the control of hypertension and the risk of CVD and stroke.Results:The prevalence of hypertension has increased rapidly as with longer life expectancy of the population. As the duration of hypertension increases, CVD and stroke risks are increased. Achieving a target goal blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg can reduce the risk of all CVD and stroke by nearly half.Conclusion:The risk of CVD and stroke in hypertensive patients can be significantly reduced by achieving optimal blood pressure control.

Background:Although potent P2Y12 blockers based dual antiplatelet therapy has become the standard treatment in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients instead of clopidogrel based therapy, there is concern about bleeding risk in East Asian patients. We investigated the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel with cilostazol based triple antiplatelet therapy compared to potent P2Y12 blockers based dual antiplatelet therapy.Methods:A total of 4152 patients with AMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups (triple antiplatelet, TAT group; aspirin + clopidogrel + cilostazol (n=3161), potent DAPT group; aspirin + potent P2Y12 blockers (ticagrelor or prasugrel, n=991). Major clinical outcomes at 2 years were compared between the two groups using propensity scoring matching (PSM).Results:After PSM (880 pairs), there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of total death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke at 30 days and 2 years. But Thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) major or minor bleeding rates were significantly lower with triple group at 2 years (6.0% vs. 2.8%, p=0.001). In a subgroup analysis, triple therapy was beneficial in terms of bleeding in patients with age? 75 (HR 0.068, p=0.010), STEMI (HR 0.329, p=0.012), left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (HR 0.265, p=0.009), hypertension (HR 0.198, p=0.003), eGFR<90 (HR 0.274, p=0.009), and female sex (HR 0.201, p=0.012).Conclusion:In patients with AMI undergoing PCI, TAT including cilostazol seems to be associated with lower bleeding without increased ischemic risk than potent P2Y12 blockers based dual antiplatelet therapy. These results could provide a rationale for the use of triple antiplatelet therapy in East Asian AMI patients