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Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) is already possible for many radiation therapy planning and treatment processes with the aim of improving workflows and increasing efficiency in radiation oncology departments. Currently, AI technology is advancing at an exponential rate, as are its applications in radiation oncology. This commentary highlights the way AI has begun to impact radiation therapy treatment planning and looks ahead to potential future developments in this space. Historically, radiation therapist's (RT's) role has evolved alongside the adoption of new technology. In Australia, RTs have key clinical roles in both planning and treatment delivery and have been integral in the implementation of automated solutions for both areas. They will need to continue to be informed, to adapt and to transform with AI technologies implemented into clinical practice in radiation oncology departments. RTs will play an important role in how AI‐based automation is implemented into practice in Australia, ensuring its application can truly enable personalised and higher‐quality treatment for patients. To inform and optimise utilisation of AI, research should not only focus on clinical outcomes but also AI's impact on professional roles, responsibilities and service delivery. Increased efficiencies in the radiation therapy workflow and workforce need to maintain safe improvements in practice and should not come at the cost of creativity, innovation, oversight and safety. This commentary highlights the way AI has begun to impact radiation therapy treatment planning and looks ahead to potential future developments in this space. Radiation therapists will play an important role in how AI‐based automation is implemented into practice in Australia, ensuring its application can truly enable personalised and higher‐quality treatment for patients.

As the Medicare population continues to grow and evolve in tandem with innovations in treatments and services for age-related diseases, major eye disorders are unquestionably an area requiring greater attention [...]

ABSTRACT Additive construction by extrusion (ACE), also known as construction-scale 3-D printing, is becoming a new paradigm for concrete construction. While significant cost and manpower savings are projected, many issues [...]

Modeling and characterizing hysteretic water retention is critical for predicting hydrodynamic behavior in porous media. This is especially true in coarse‐textured media used in geotechnical engineering, greenhouse, and landscape industries, where subtle changes in water status may lead to plant stress. However, based on the traditional hanging water column method, water retention measurements are laborious and time consuming because of the stepwise manual water potential adjustments and wait‐time requirements for equilibrium conditions to develop. Therefore, we designed and fabricated an automated system to collect wetting‐ and drying‐water retention data from coarse porous media. The basic system consisted of (1) a compound pressure transducer (± 70‐cm range) providing both the porous medium's volumetric water content (θ) and matric potential (h) determinations, (2) a 70‐cm linear actuator to vertically position a 50‐mL burette, and (3) a diffuse laser distance sensor positioned by a 10‐cm linear actuator to monitor the burette's vertical position relative to the sample position. This automated system determined the initial drying process beginning with a fully saturated sample (h= 0 cm) and determined subsequent wetting‐ and drying‐water retention curves. Our automated water retention measurements in quartz sand (ASTM C778‐21) exhibited maximum‐ and minimum‐standard deviation in θof 0.013 and 0.00044 cm3cm−3, respectively. Parameters of the hysteretic water retention model of quartz sand were characterized using repeated measurements. Results of this research included the creation of an automated water retention system and the well‐characterized hydraulic parameters for the original well‐graded and narrowly sieved particle sizes of quartz sand. Hanging water column retention measurements were automated using a 50‐mL burette, a precision pressure transducer, two linear actuators, and a diffuse laser distance sensor.The automated system generated data for the initial drying‐ and highly repeatable main drying‐ and main wetting‐water retention data from quartz sand (ASTM C778‐21).The obtained water retention parameters describe the ASTM‐graded sand and seven different sieved fractions of the narrower opening sizes between 212 and 850 μm.

Increased urban and suburban populations in the arid western United States have resulted inmorewater demand; however, water availability in the region has become limited because of inadequate precipitation. Recent droughts have led to restrictions on irrigating landscape plants. Garden rose (Rosa ×hybrida) is commonlyusedas flowering plants in residential landscapes, but its drought tolerance has not beenwidely studied. The objective of this studywas to determine the impact of reduced irrigation frequency on visual quality, plant growth, and physiology of five garden rose cultivars, including ChewPatout (Oso EasyVR Urban LegendVR), Meibenbino (Petite KnockOutVR), MEIRIFTDAY (Oso EasyVR Double Pink), Overedclimb (Cherry Frost™), and Radbeauty (Sitting Pretty™). Twenty-four plants of each rose cultivarwere established in a trial plot atUtah Agricultural Experiment StationGreenvilleResearch Farm (North Logan, UT,USA) in Summer 2021. Plantswere randomly assigned to one of three deficit irrigation treatments forwhich irrigation frequencieswere calculated using 80% reference evapotranspiration (ETO) (high),50%ETO (medium), and 20% ETO (low). The total volumes of irrigationwater applied to each plantwere 345.6, 172.8, and 43.2 L for the high, medium, and lowirrigation frequencies, respectively, during the deficit irrigation trial from12May to 30 Sep 2022.Root zoneswerewettedmore frequently as irrigation frequency increased fromlowto high irrigation frequencies. Decreased irrigation frequency increased the number of visiblywilted and damaged leaves on all rose cultivars. However, only 'Meibenbino' and 'MEIRIFTDAY' exhibited a reduction in overall appearance under decreased irrigation frequency. The relative growth indices of both 'Meibenbino' and 'MEIRIFTDAY' decreased by 6%, whereas the dryweights of their leaves decreased by 37% and 36%, respectively, as irrigation decreased fromhigh to lowfrequencies. Roses in this study appeared to decrease stomatal conductance up to 51% when irrigation decreased fromhigh to low frequencies, orwhen air temperature increased. 'Meibenbino' and 'MEIRIFTDAY' exhibited unacceptable overall appearance, growth reduction, and higher leaf-air temperature differences, and theywere less tolerant to reduced irrigation. Although the 'Radbeauty' maintained plant growth under the reduced irrigation frequency, the large leaf size led to amore visiblywilted appearance and the potential for heat stress, thus impairing visual quality. 'ChewPatout' and 'Overedclimb' weremost tolerant to deficit irrigation at 20% ETO andmaintained plant growthwith acceptable visual quality and lower leaf temperatureswhen they received one irrigation during the growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT One approach to increasing the sustainability of concrete construction is to replace a significant portion of the ordinary portland cement (OPC) with a supplementary cementitious material, such as fly [...]

ABSTRACT Limestone (calcium carbonate, CaC[O.sub.3]) has long been a critical component of concrete, whether as the primary raw material for cement production, a fine powder added to the binder component, [...]

Intel's recent Ohio expansion announcement might discourage leaders outside the Buckeye State about our own abilities to attract these huge investments with massive benefits for residents. But for this Hoosier. [...]

The leaders of Eleven Fifty Academy and Straticos discuss how small business owners can navigate today's headwinds while maintaining and building on their role as strong job creators that are [...]

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is the most widely used non-destructive, easily automated method to determine water content of soils and other porous media. However, it should be noted that two key steps are required for TDR applications: (1) Obtain and analyze TDR waveforms using travel-time analysis to determine apparent permittivity; (2) determine a new- or apply an existing relationship between the derived apparent permittivity and the volumetric water content of the porous medium of interest. Activities associated with the first key step were presented in a previous review of TDR applications in porous media including soils, plants, snow, food, and concrete (He et al., 2021, Advances in Agronomy, 83–155). This review focuses on the second step required by TDR applications to determine soil water content in both field and laboratory environments. Numerous mathematical models have been developed to enhance our ability to better estimate water content with TDR-measured apparent dielectric permittivity. When applied judiciously, TDR measurements can help to better understand processes such as coupled transport of water, solutes, and heat, measure the soil water balance and improve the efficiency of irrigation scheduling. However, there are important differences in the formulation, applicability, and accuracy of these models, and no systematic review has been previously undertaken. The objectives of this study are to (1) review and synthesize models relating TDR-measured apparent permittivity to water content in porous media, and (2) analyze the relationships between models. This review examines a total of 157 models that are categorized into 123 empirical models, 11 semi-empirical models, and 23 physical models, based on their development, underlying theories, phase configurations, applications to mineral or organic soils, and unfrozen or frozen conditions. Model limitations and perspectives are discussed and several unresolved questions are presented to highlight the need for further research in this rapidly expanding field.

While the goal of almost any service provider is to eliminate wait from the consumption experience, there are a number of service environments where this ideal may be impractical, if not impossible, to deliver, among them live sport. Live sporting events often have queues at entry and exit gates, facility concessions and toilets. This study tests a model featuring antecedents not used in prior research on waiting. Findings suggest that facility layout features and waiting fill time both have a positive influence on spectators' feelings about a wait. Most interestingly perhaps, these same antecedents may also serve as a cue that long waits are likely. Keywords brand quality ethnocentrism watching intention English Premier League, Executive summary There can be little doubt that there are aspects of sports marketing that make it unique, relative to the marketing of other services or products. One such element [...]

Understanding preferences of key stakeholders including patients, clinicians and policymakers can inform clinical practice, workforce and policy. It also allows health services to evaluate existing clinical practices, policies and procedures. This commentary aims to introduce medical radiation professionals to health preference research by describing commonly used preference methodologies, with a particular focus on discrete choice experiments. Relevant examples of health preference research will be highlighted to demonstrate the application of health preference research in medical radiation sciences. This commentary aims to introduce medical radiation professionals to health preference research by describing commonly used preference methodologies, with a particular focus on discrete choice experiments.

Paediatric patients (individuals below 18 years of age) requiring cranial‐spinal irradiation (CSI) at our institution are commonly planned and treated using a three isocentre (3‐ISO) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique. A modified two isocentre (2‐ISO) VMAT technique was investigated with the aim to improve workflow and reduce planning and treatment time. Five CSI paediatric patients previously treated with a 3‐ISO VMAT technique were retrospectively replanned using a 2‐ISO VMAT technique. The 2‐ISO VMAT plans were reviewed and approved by a radiation oncologist (RO) before undergoing patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) procedures, performed by a radiation oncology medical physicist (ROMP). Planning target volume (PTV) coverage, organ‐at‐risk (OAR) dose as well as planning and treatment durations of the first five patients utilising 2‐ISO technique were compared with 3‐ISO technique. The average percentage difference in PTV coverage by 95% reference dose between the 2‐ISO and 3‐ISO is 0.14%, and the average difference in OAR median dose is 0.68 Gy. Conformity and homogeneity indices have the same averages at 1.18 and 0.4 respectively. Patient‐specific physics QA results were all comparable with the 3‐ISO averages at 98.84% and the 2‐ISO at 98.71%. Planning duration for the 2‐ISO was reduced by up to 75%, and daily treatment duration was reduced by up to 50%. Of all the previously treated CSI patients using a 3‐ISO technique, 45% were suitable for the 2‐ISO technique. The 2‐ISO VMAT technique provided comparable dose distribution based on PTV coverage, OAR dose and plan metric indices. Reduced planning and treatment duration with the 2‐ISO technique facilitated improved workflow with decreased sedation time for paediatric patients requiring a general anaesthesia. A modified two isocentre (2‐ISO) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique was investigated to determine whether it was dosimetrically equivalent to a 3‐ISO VMAT technique and whether it can provide for an improved workflow process for planning and treatment of CSI patients. The new 2‐ISO VMAT technique provided comparable dose distribution and patient‐specific QA results to the 3‐ISO technique. Its reduced planning and treatment times allows patients to commence treatment earlier, reduces sedation time during treatment if it is required and assists with limiting intra‐fraction motion while potentially increasing treatment accuracy.

PART OF THE SOLUTION OR PART OF THE PROBLEM? In health care, as in most other instances, the old saying is true: "If you are not a part of the [...]

In 2003, President George W. Bush called on the United Nations to pass a resolution to 'criminalize' the proliferation of 'weapons of mass destruction' (WMD) by and to nonstate actors. [...]

Recipes are presented for a variety of puddings prepared with banana.

Three Southern chefs develop recipes that use chicken and incorporate at least five of the ingredients from peas, beans, rice, tomato, melons and lettuce. These recipes include Hoover's Picnic Salad with Honey-Mustard Dressing, Tom's Roasted Chicken with Wilted Salad Greens and Sara's Grilled Chicken-Cornbread Salad.

Two friends who used to host barbecue and beer pairings at the Brooklyn Brewery for nearly five years discusses on some of their favorite recipes.

Why did you start Eleven Fifty Academy? A: It was evident that the Midwest was well behind in tech-trained talent. With my previous post for many years as the Chairman [...]

The 94th Military Police Battalion in Yongsan, Korea, continues to prepare soldiers and leaders to 'fight tonight' by conducting tough, realistic, and challenging training. Over the past 18 months, the [...]

Some delicious recipes that require minimal effort without sacrificing on flavor are described.

Hard-cooked eggs are considered as a true staple in the Southern kitchen. Some different home-delights of deviled eggs are discussed.

A collection of various old and time tested Southern dishes' recipes is presented. The recipes include that for garlic-orange roast pork, butter-nut squash soup, nana's collard greens, creamy crawfish pasta, cranberry conserve and mama's fudge.

Food staff editors have compiled a holiday menu for six with recipes that are easy for everyone. Recipes for Creamy Leek Mashed Potatoes, Molasses Pork Tenderloin with Red Wine Sauce, Broccoli with Pimiento Cheese Sauce, Two-Seed Bread Knots, Cranberry Congealed Salad and Pepper Jelly-Glazed Carrots are included.

Amory, Mississippi has a lot to offer, including many traditional and interesting recipes.

Curtis Aikens, of the Food Network, shares some of his Southern recipes. The article also provides a brief overview of Aikens' life and career.

Readers respond to the magazine's request for input about supper clubs. Tips for a successful club are provided as well as recipes including balsamic strawberry salsa, Texas white sangria, chicken with polenta, bacon-mandarin salad, mocha cake, baked Vidalia onion dip, Italian pot roast, roasted zucchini, and coco loco custard.

Recipes for pan dulce, or sweet bread, from South Texas Mexican bakeries are provided. They include recipes for semitas, bolollos, molletes, puro de pina, and anillos.