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Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have developed an experiment using laser tweezers to investigate how gravity affects the quantum world. By controlling the position of a single atom of ytterbium with lasers, the researchers can create a superposition state where the atom exists in two places at once. They plan to separate and then bring together the tweezers, causing the superposition state to clash and produce ripples. If the experiment shows that gravity changes the states of quantum objects, it could have significant implications for understanding the quantum realm. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories focuses on the development of a high-performance silicon photonic single-sideband modulator for cold-atom interferometry. The modulator, integrated onto a photonic integrated circuit, allows for dynamic frequency shifting within a light-pulse atom interferometer (LPAI). The researchers achieved significant carrier and sideband suppression, demonstrating the modulator's effectiveness in cold-atom generation, state-selective detection, and atom interferometer fringes. The study provides valuable insights into the laser system's role in controlling frequencies and intensities of multiple laser beams for quantum gravity and inertial sensors. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Nirrin Technologies Inc. for a method of using Fabry Perot interferometry to measure cell viability. The patent describes the need for non-destructive, real-time techniques for identifying and quantifying cell densities and protein aggregates in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and food and beverage. The method involves directing light through a solution, detecting the light after interaction with the solution and an etalon, and analyzing the response of the detector to assess the structures in the solution. This technique has potential applications in monitoring cell viability and protein aggregation in bioreactors and other processes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia discusses the use of biolayer interferometry (BLI) as a method for analyzing biomolecular interactions in drug discovery and development. BLI is an optical biosensor method that allows for real-time, label-free analysis of these interactions. The report highlights the various applications of BLI, including screening compound libraries, analyzing small-molecule drug leads, and quality control of biologic drug substances. The research concludes that BLI has become a robust and versatile tool for studying molecular interactions and structures. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to NantBio Inc. for interferometry-based systems that can detect small mass changes of an object in a solution. The patent describes techniques for using interferometry to measure phase differences in light passing through objects, such as living cells, to determine mass changes. The invention aims to improve the detection of mass changes in objects observable through microscopy, which could have applications in fields such as cancer research and immunotherapy. The patent outlines methods for background correction, segmentation, and motion tracking to track changes in mass over time. [Extracted from the article]

The millimetre accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements and related multi-temporal data analyses provide fundamental information on surface displacements caused by strong earthquakes. The multi-temporal analysis of SAR interferometry data allows for the geometry, kinematics and temporal behaviour of earthquake-generating faults to be better constrained, and is being acknowledged as a promising technique in the field of earthquake precursors. We used SAR data obtained by multi-temporal interferometric techniques such as Permanent Scatterers (PS) interferometry for the investigation of pre- to post-seismic ground displacements in the region struck by the Mw 6.3, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. We analysed Europen Remote Sensing (ERS) and Envisat PS-datasets from ascending and descending orbits, and COSMO-SkyMed PS-datasets from descending orbit, collectively covering a > 20 year long time span. On a yearly scale, a reversal of motions that affected the hanging-wall and footwall blocks of the earthquake-generating fault is detected. In particular, the hanging-wall block is characterized by pre-seismic uplift – which we document as being independent of any hydrological control – and eastward horizontal motion for about six years, followed by subsidence and westward motion (starting six to eight months prior to the earthquake). We suggest that such a ground displacement pattern may represent an earthquake precursor signal. Supplementary material: Figures showing SAR satellites viewing geometry, examples of raw PS time series of obtained from ERS ascending and descending orbits and maps of LoS-oriented mean velocities obtained from PS datasets from the Envisat ascending and descending orbits and a Table reporting detailed numerical results of the performed statistical analysis are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5289357 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miami University researchers have developed a new method called Phage-layer Interferometry (PLI) that can be used as a companion diagnostic for phage therapy and as a bacterial testing platform. Phage therapy involves using bacteriophage viruses to selectively infect and kill pathogenic bacteria. The PLI method is able to screen phages quantitatively and can be used in complex media, such as colored solutions and high-viscosity samples. The researchers believe that PLI has the potential to combat antibiotic resistance and protect against foodborne illnesses. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study by a team lead by Abigail Frost at KU Leuven in Belgium which have observed the vampire-like system of a pair of stars using more detailed spectroscopy at the Very Large Telescope in Chile and interferometry, which can measure positions very precisely.

The article discusses research to prove quantum theory or the theory of general relativity with artificial satellites. Particular focus is given to the Quantum Science Satellite developed by physicist Jian-Wei Pan and team at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, which will look at the relativistic effects of time and space on quantum cryptographic key transmission, photon entanglement, and wave function using photon beams. Other research topics include the effects of time-stretching on photon pulses, quantum entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates, and quantum interferometry.

The article presents a historical overview of the scientific debate over the question of whether light is composed of waves or particles, focusing on the application of quantum physics theories to the issue. Topics include physicist Albert Einstein's theory that photons are particles, quantum physicist Neils Bohr's complementarity principle about the behavior of photons as waves and particles, and theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler's 1978 experiment on the movements of photons measured with an interferometer. Physicists Radu Ionicioiu and Daniel Temo suggested measuring quantum mechanics of photons using a control photon in a quantum superposition of two states and a system photon moving through the interferometer.

The article discusses 3D optical profiling has a noncontact, high-resolution measurement and visualization technique used to measure the topography and geometry of devices and materials. Topics include multiparameter printed arrays on flexible substrates have used for sensing humidity, temperature, and mechanical strain; and article provides an example of how the capabilities of new generation of 3D optical measurement have applied to the fields of printed and flexible electronics.

The article explains for the Interferometric modulator (IMOD) technology works within electronic display devices to produce bright colors all the time, even in bright sunlight. The display works by absorbing light, rather than allowing it to reflect off of the surface, which causes glare. This technology also uses less power and energy than other options. INSETS: HOW IMOD WORKS;COMPETITNG TECHNOLOGIES.

A recent study conducted at Rothschild Foundation Hospital in Paris, France, evaluated the precision of a novel device called NIMO TEMPO for analyzing refractive and diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). The device demonstrated satisfactory intra- and inter-observer variability in evaluating IOL power and modulation transfer function (MTF) profiles. It also offers advantages over conventional optical bench devices, such as reducing the need for operator manipulation and allowing for numerical modeling of various optical environments. The study concludes that the NIMO TEMPO device shows promise as a tool in the field of IOL metrology. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen, Germany, have conducted a study on quantum technology. They have developed a method of nonlinear interferometry using entangled photons, which allows for highly sensitive optical sensing without detecting the photons interacting with the sample. The researchers used high-gain spontaneous parametric down-conversion to generate undetected photons and demonstrated broadband spectroscopy and high-resolution optical coherence tomography. This research has important implications for the development of efficient detectors and offers new possibilities for optical sensing in various fields. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Tehran University of Medical Sciences aimed to determine the agreement between two devices, Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500, in measuring ocular biometric indices. The study found that the Pentacam AXL had excellent agreement with the gold standard IOL Master 500 in measuring axial length. However, in eyes with cataracts, the difference between the two devices was more scattered. The study concluded that the difference between the devices increased with increasing axial length and should be considered when using the Pentacam AXL. [Extracted from the article]

Discusses the use of a technique called interferometry to view stars. Essence of interferometry, which is to combine two nearly identical signals to produce interference; How interferometry works; Costs and complications; Future outlook for interferometry. INSETS: Contributions to Astronomy;Interferometers for Astronomy across the Ages.

Aiming at the demand of more accurate interferometry in the following deep space exploration, a novel interferometry scheme based on signal combination is proposed and analyzed. By studying the mainstream signal combination algorithms, an improved Sumple algorithm based on phase comprehension is put forward. This algorithm is more efficient than the original Sumple algorithm, and moreover its combined signal has the same phase performance as that of the reference signal, which is the premise of antenna array technique used for interferometry. Finally, tests are conducted by using phased array data and simulated DOR signal data. The processing results show that the signal combination improves the delay estimation accuracy of interferometry, and is of special meaning in deep space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The homogeneous Green's function is the difference between an impulse response and its time-reversal. According to existing representation theorems, the homogeneous Green's function associated with source–receiver pairs inside a medium can be computed from measurements at a boundary enclosing the medium. However, in many applications such as seismic imaging, time-lapse monitoring, medical imaging, non-destructive testing, etc., media are only accessible from one side. A recent development of wave theory has provided a representation of the homogeneous Green's function in an elastic medium in terms of wavefield recordings at a single (open) boundary. Despite its single-sidedness, the elastodynamic homogeneous Green's function representation accounts for all orders of scattering inside the medium. We present the theory of the elastodynamic single-sided homogeneous Green's function representation and illustrate it with numerical examples for 2D laterally-invariant media. For propagating waves, the resulting homogeneous Green's functions match the exact ones within numerical precision, demonstrating the accuracy of the theory. In addition, we analyse the accuracy of the single-sided representation of the homogeneous Green's function for evanescent wave tunnelling. • The homogeneous Green's function: From a closed-towards an open-boundary representation. • For propagating waves all orders of scattering as well as mode conversions are described correctly. • Numerical analysis of limitations of the presented theory imposed by evanescent waves. • Numerical example demonstrates evanescent wave tunnelling via the single-sided representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

基于地基同波束干涉测量，建立了航天器姿态测量数学模型及方程，给出了姿态解算方法，并对方程可解性与解算精度因子进行了分析。通过模拟在轨航天器轨道运行，进行了基于同波束干涉测量的航天器姿态解算数值仿真和误差分析，对解算误差和观测俯仰角的关系进行了分析和验证。结果表明，利用3个地面测站针对航天器上3个下行天线信号开展同波束干涉测量，辅以精度因子约束进行姿态解算，可以获得有效的航天器姿态信息，其精度最高可达0.001°。该方法可以作为在轨航天器姿态测量的备份手段。. A same-beam interferometry based mathematical model of spacecraft attitude was established, and a solution method was proposed. The solvability of the model and the precision factor were analyzed. Numerical simulations of spacecraft attitude determination based on same-beam interferometry were carried out, where an on-orbit spacecraft was simulated, and the relationship between calculation error and observation pitch angle were analyzed and verified. The results show that the effective spacecraft attitude can be obtained by using three ground stations to carry out the same-beam interferometry for three downlink antenna signals with a constraint of precision factor，and the highest accuracy achieved is 0.001°. The method proposed can be used as an attitude measurement backup for on-orbit spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the use of satellite radar interferometry to detect barely perceptible movements of the earth's surface from far away in space. Mapping of geologic faults that have ruptured in earthquakes and the eruption of volcanoes; History of satellite radar interferometry; Distinction between radar imaging and aerial photography.

Describes how the authors have designed, with optical interferometry, highly sensitive devices for measuring surface texture. Advantages and uses of optical interferometry; Principle of interferometry; Michelson interferometer; Microscopic interferometer; Laser-scanning interferometer; Applications. INSET: How interferometry works..

Describes the characteristics of Pluto, the ninth planet in the solar system. Size and density; Mass and diameter; Photographic plates; Use of speckle interferometry to measure the distance between Pluto and its satellite called Charon; Fraction of rotation period; Spectra of Pluto and Charon.

The article reports that radio telescopes, which are based on very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) are being used to observe radio galaxies and quasars. As the earth rotates, the relative position of radio telescopes continuously changes. In VLBI the signals are recorded independently with microsecond accuracy at the two sites on the same kind of magnetic tape used for recording television images.

Optical and digital holography are reviewed. The mathematical model and computational techniques of the authors' digital holographic process are discussed, and applications of computer holography are suggested. Computer holograms have been made of three-dimensional objects which give faithful reconstructions, even in white light. A new approach based on point apertures for the image is discussed. Photographs of the images reconstructed from digital holograms are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features several science experiments. Apparatus for making speckle interferometry; Device for viewing images formed by infrared radiation; Separation of mixtures of organic substances.

Provides information on the photographic technique called holography. Basic principle behind holography; Potential application of the technology in the study of biological specimens; Background on real-time interferometry, time-lapse interferometry and time-averaged interferometry.

The article focuses on the application of laser technology in photographic techniques and materials. Furthermore, the author discusses the concept of photographic optics and the basic optics of wave-front reconstruction photography. The features and performance of wave-front reconstruction photography is much better that the typical photographic methods. The author assesses the performance of the photographic techniques.

The article reports on the study which found that all stars except the sun appear as pinpoints of light even in the largest telescopes. Like most other information about a star, the measurement of its rotation is derived from its spectrum. One can spread out the pinpoint of light into a streak on the photographic plate by interposing a prism or a diffraction grating in the path of the beam and dispersing the light into its component rainbow colors.

The method also includes analyzing the OCT data and classifying the tissue upon analyzing the OCT data. Reporters obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution medical and biological imaging technology. This imaging technique is attractive for medical imaging because it permits the imaging of tissue microstructure in situ. The method of claim 1, wherein the real-time feedback to a user includes one or more of tumor tissue margins, tumor tissue malignancy, and tumor tissue location. [Extracted from the article]

The method of claim 1, further comprising not capturing the specularly reflected light from the region of interest of the ocular tear film when capturing the background signal from the region of interest of the ocular tear film in the at least one second image. To reduce the background signal(s) in the interference signal(s) of the first image before measuring TFLT, the imaging device is also controlled to capture a second image of the tear film when the tear film is not illuminated by the light source. "In this regard, the imaging device is disclosed that is configured to capture a first image that includes interference interactions of specularly reflecting light from the tear film and the background offset superimposed on the first image. In this manner, the imaging device captures background signal(s) in a second image that is representative of the signal which is superimposed on the interference of the specularly reflecting light from the tear film in the first image. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the use of multi-wavelength interferometry in deterministic aspheric polishing for advanced metrology for correction of both rotational and nonrotational errors in the optic. Topics discussed include fast and accurate three dimensional mapping of surface irregularities, calculation of the removal coefficient for the material removed by the deterministic polishing process, and the interferometric scanning metrology system LuphoScan from AMETEK Taylor Hobson.

The article reports on the Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interferometry. It mentions its potential in eliminating impediments in nanometer measurement and ameliorating multilayer sample characterization. It also notes its development from a pair of photons based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC).

In a dual-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system with the phase centers being positioned along the track, the motion parameters can be obtained by the interferometric phase. When the phase centers of a dual-channel system misalign with the moving track, the interferometric phase depends on the effective baseline length, defined as the projection of the physical baseline on the moving track of the platform. Therefore, the accurate estimation of the effective baseline is crucial for the motion parameter estimation of moving targets in a dual-channel SAR system. This paper proposes a robust model for the estimation of the effective baseline, which considers the motion errors brought by the yaw and rolling of the platform. It also employs an average-median filter to improve the estimated accuracy of the effective baseline in range-compressed domain by considering the error of interferometric phase, such as Taylor approximate expansion, clutter pollution and noise influence. Furthermore, the approach for estimating the along-track and radial velocities of moving targets is presented in detail. The accuracy of the proposed method for effective baseline estimation will be analyzed by the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) compared with the Cramer–Rao bound (CRB). The results by applying the proposed method into a set of real SAR data are consistent with the analysis presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the use of advanced telescopes and detectors, deformable mirrors, fiber-optic beam transport, and integrated photonics for improving long-baseline optical and infrared (IR) interferometry. Topics discussed include information on astronomical interferometry; information on optical detectors like mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) and charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors; and information on high-resolution interferometric imaging.

The article discusses basic concept of interferometry technique used in the Event Horizon Telescope, a project to create a large telescope array consisting of a global network of radio telescopes, to take picture of the region around the black hole near galaxy.

Astigmatism, Eye Diseases and Conditions, Health and Medicine, Refractive Errors Keywords: Astigmatism; Eye Diseases and Conditions; Health and Medicine; Refractive Errors EN Astigmatism Eye Diseases and Conditions Health and Medicine Refractive Errors 6610 6610 1 08/07/23 20230811 NES 230811 2023 AUG 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- New research on astigmatism is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Bioprinting, Biotechnology, Cyborgs, Drugs and Therapies, Emerging Technologies, Machine Learning According to news originating from David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "High throughput drug screening is an established approach to investigate tumor biology and identify therapeutic leads." Keywords: Bioprinting; Biotechnology; Cyborgs; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Machine Learning EN Bioprinting Biotechnology Cyborgs Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Machine Learning 4473 4473 1 06/26/23 20230630 NES 230630 2023 JUN 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators publish new report on bioprinting. [Extracted from the article]

Breast Cancer, Cancer, Health and Medicine, Histology, Oncology, Women's Health Keywords: Breast Cancer; Cancer; Health and Medicine; Histology; Oncology; Women's Health EN Breast Cancer Cancer Health and Medicine Histology Oncology Women's Health 569 569 1 06/19/23 20230620 NES 230620 2023 JUN 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Jinzhong; People's Republic of China; Asia; Spectroscopy; Science EN Jinzhong People's Republic of China Asia Spectroscopy Science 202 202 1 06/05/23 20230609 NES 230609 2023 JUN 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Imaging Week -- Data detailed on Science - Spectroscopy have been presented. Through the synchronous fluorescence and threedimensional fluorescence spectrums analysis of the interaction between quercetin and CAV-1 it was found that the fluorescence intensity of CAV-1 was progressively decreased upon the addition of quercetin, indicating that quercetin interacted with CAV-1. [Extracted from the article]

The intravascular blood pump includes a first sensor head and a second sensor head, wherein the first sensor head is positioned distally relative to the second sensor head. A method comprising: transmitting, from a light source, a first light beam; splitting, with a fiber optic splitter, at least some of the first light beam received by the fiber optic splitter into a second light beam and a third light beam; filtering, with a first filter, at least some of the second light beam received by the first filter, wherein the first filter permits a first sub-spectrum of the second light beam to pass through it; filtering, with a second filter, at least some of the third light beam received by the second filter, wherein the second filter permits a second sub-spectrum of the third light beam to pass through it, and wherein the first and second sub-spectrums are different; reflecting, with a first sensor head of an intravascular blood pump, at least some of the filtered second light beam to produce a first reflected light beam; reflecting, with a second sensor head of the intravascular blood pump, at least some of the filtered third light beam to produce a second reflected light beam; combining, with the fiber optic splitter, the first and second reflected light beams; and receiving, with a photodetector, at least some of the combined first and second reflected light beams. Light beams reflected from each of the two or more sensor heads are combined by the fiber optic splitter. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the introduction of a fiber-based optical sensor system known as the ZPS system which provides the absolute position. Topics mention including the utilization of the application which requires the high quality of measurement, combining the types of interferometry and uncertainties of the sensor system.

In this paper, the spectral element method is used to perform a parametric sensitivity study of the nonlinear coda wave interferometry (NCWI) method in a homogeneous or heterogeneous sample with localized damage. The influence of a strong pump wave on localized nonlinear damage is modeled as modifications to the elastic properties of an effective damage zone (EDZ), depending on the pump wave amplitude. These modifications are quantified with coda wave interferometry through an overall wave velocity variation probed by a reverberated or multiple scattered coda wave. Results demonstrate that the NCWI observables are independent of the source/receiver positions. Also, relations between the EDZ parameters and method observables are established, e.g. the relative velocity variation is found to be proportional to the product of the change in elastic modulus and the EDZ area. The numerical results reported constitute another step towards quantification and forecasting of the nonlinear acoustic response of a cracked material, which proves to be necessary for a quantitative non-destructive evaluation. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that NCWI sensitivity and applicability are similar for the cases of reverberated waves in a cavity and multiply scattered waves in a heterogeneous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PollnSAR) processing, it is necessary to coregister all the images, including the coregistration of polarimetric SAR images and the coregistration of interferometric SAR images. Otherwise, the performance of the estimated optimal interferograms will be deteriorated. A generalized scattering vector (GSV) model is proposed to execute the PollnSAR optimal interferograms estimation. The generalized scattering vector is constructed by the Pauli scattering vectors of the processing pixel and the surrounding pixels. Even though there are coregistration errors, all the polarimetric information of the current processing pixel is entirely included in the generalized scattering vector. Therefore, the GSV-based method can automatically recover the optimal scattering mechanisms of the processing pixel with coregistration errors either in interferoemetric channels or polarimetric channels. Theoretical analysis and processing results of simulated PolSARPro data and real PALSAR data validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is addressed to 2D phase and amplitude estimation of complex-valued signals – that is, in particular, to estimation of modulo-2 π interferometric phase images from periodic and noisy observations. These degradation mechanisms make phase image estimation a challenging problem. A sparse nonlocal data-adaptive imaging formalized in complex domain is used for phase and amplitude image reconstruction. Following the procedure of patch-based technique, the image is partitioned into small overlapping square patches. Block Matching Three Dimensional (BM3D) technique is developed for forming complex domain sparse spectral representations of complex-valued data. High Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) applied to BM3D groups enables the design of the orthonormal complex domain 3D transforms which are data adaptive and different for each BM3Ds group. An iterative version of the complex domain BM3D is designed from variational formulation of the problem. The convergence of this algorithm is shown. The effectiveness of the new sparse coding based algorithms is illustrated in simulation experiments where they demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Conclusions: These results demonstrate the importance of the V-regions during humanization of therapeutic antibodies that can confer or diminish FcR dependent immune responses, while remaining both suitable and susceptible to the binding by bacterial antibody superantigens in antibody purification and be present with normal flora." While generally assumed to be relatively constant within subtypes, recent studies have shown the antibody variable regions to exert distal effects of modulating antibody receptor interactions on many antibody isotypes. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the development of 3D structurally colored objects by researchers at Saarland University, Germany. It mentions they created perfect particles with a hard center and a soft shell, using commercially available standard polymers such as polystyrene to make the materials, which have the advantages of being infinitely transformable, safe and long-lasting, and can be shaped for a wide range of applications like antifraud technology and measurement sensors.