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The article focuses on the historical and geological significance of the continental divide in the region between South Dakota and Minnesota, particularly around the Traverse Gap and the Coteau des Prairies. It highlights the impact of glacial movements on the landscape, including the creation of Glacial Lake Agassiz and the formation of the divide which separates drainage basins flowing north to Hudson Bay from those flowing south to the Gulf of Mexico.

The article discusses the Sonora Paleochannel in the Yukon Territory, Canada, which is a potential source of gold and tellurium. It provides a history of mining in the area and explores the geological mapping and exploration that has taken place. The article also discusses the regional geology, including bedrock lithologies, structure, and mineralization. The Sonora Paleochannel is covered by black swamp mud, making mining operations challenging. The upper gravel strata have been mined for gold, but the lower and basal strata remain unexplored. The economic potential of the paleochannel is estimated based on its volume and assumed grades of gold and tellurium, but further drilling is needed to confirm these findings. Understanding the Quaternary stratigraphy and structure is important for identifying other potential deposits in the region. [Extracted from the article]

The Geological Society of America (GSA) offers a series of short courses covering various topics in geoscience. These courses are available both online and in-person and cover subjects such as engineering geological investigations, data visualization, forensic geochemistry, and 3D geology. The courses aim to provide participants with new skills and knowledge in their respective fields. It is worth noting that participants can take these courses without registering for the GSA meeting. Additionally, a list of short courses offered at the GSA Connects 2024 event is provided, covering a wide range of geoscience topics for beginners and experienced professionals. Each course has specific details regarding time, cost, and participant limits. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the survey of North Dakota Geological Survey geologists on the prospective of geological suitability of environmental and engineering projects in North Dakota. Topics include the review of Survey geologists are mostly focused on energy and civil infrastructure; the demand for infrastructure development including transportation, water and oil and gas production are discussed; and the effect of these reviews on the mitigation effectiveness and efficiency are mentioned.

The article focuses on the geologic field trip guide to Mount Rainier, Washington, U.S. Topics including the tectonic setting, regional geology and the geology of the Mount Rainier area. It explores the volcanic activity, glacial geology and hazards associated with Mount Rainier; and highlighting its significance as a research focus and one of the most hazardous volcanoes in the United States due to its frequent eruptions and production of large lahars.

Amanda Lynch at Brown University and Charles Norchi at the University of Maine have modelled how various climate change scenarios would alter the jurisdiction for Arctic shipping routes. Ships taking this route wouldn't be subject to Russia's fees, and the route would also be navigable without the help of icebreakers. ONE of the few routes ships can take through the icy waters of the Arctic is controlled by Russia. [Extracted from the article]

The article looks at the geology and biology of Antarctica as of 2013, focusing on bodies of water located under glacial ice sheets. The author recounts his visit to the region around Subglacial Lake Whillans, Antarctica, with a research team including glaciologist Slawek Tulaczyk. Topics include the use of ice-penetrating radar to detect buried lakes, the technological challenge of drilling down into the lake, and the discovery of diatom shells in samples from the lake.

The article profiles the research of planetary scientist Britney Schmidt to find evidence of the existence of microbial life in the water of the ice shell on the Europa moon of the planet Jupiter. A 2011 paper published in "Nature" by Schmidt and geophysicist Don Blankenship offered a glaciological model in which microbes were carried from the frozen surface of the moon to subterranean lakes. Also discussed are proposed U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) missions to Europa. INSET: EUROPA ON EARTH.

The article reports that in 2005 oceanographers reported a sudden and shocking slowdown in the currents of the North Atlantic, a critical part of the vast system of ocean circulation that influences temperatures and weather around the world. A shutdown could cause famine in south Asia, kill off the Amazon rainforest and plunge western Europe into a mini ice age. The conclusions reported last year have been dismissed by many climate scientists, who say their models show the current will keep going for at least another hundred years or so. The glaciers that drain the ice cap are accelerating, and in the past decade the amount of ice they spit into the ocean has doubled. If currents hold fairly steady until the late 21st century, the cooling effect of a shutdown would help to mitigate warming.

India, Feb. 25 -- A glaciology centre was approved for construction in the Himalayan region in 2009; in 2020, it was merged with another institute there The flash floods of [...]

Discusses how periodic variations in the geometry of the earth's orbit have long been considered a possible cause of ice ages. Consideration of the chronology of glaciations which offer evidence that large portions of the mid-latitude continents were once covered with ice; Reference to how complex sequences of the events of isotopes limit the investigation of sedimentary evidence; Suggestion from a climate simulation that the cyclic variations in the earth's orbit are sufficient to develop ice ages; Examples of how changing insolation and its effects on climate can alter the seasonal cycles; Quantities used to specify the earth's orbit for the purpose of discussing isolation.

Considers what might happen if climate change is sudden and extreme, and suggests that Antarctica might hold the answer. Description of the continent and some of the secrets held in its environment; The view of glaciologist Kendrick Taylor and others from Nevada's Desert Research Institute that the evidence held in molecules in this location might offer warnings about our fate; Comments from climatologist Peter deMenocal about climate changes.

The article investigates the fluctuations of mountain glaciers which represent a generalized record of global climatic changes over 6,000 years. The tendency of glaciers to respond to small variations in climate by growing or shrinking in size has been known by glaciologists and geologists. Glaciers have shown fluctuations during the Pleistocene epoch. Glaciers in alpine areas worldwide also decreased in size.

Byline: Staff Writers Madison WI (SPX) Jan 28, 2020In 1961, John Kutzbach, then a recent college graduate, was stationed in France as an aviation weather forecaster for the U.S. Air [...]

The article discusses the development of glacier seismology as a field of research. The field uses seismic instruments to track short-term changes in glacial movements. The purpose of the research is also described, mentioning its focus on glacial calving and melting with a goal of expanding current knowledge about the behavior of ice when subjected to global warming.

Fossiliferous deposits infilling a channel at Whittlesey, eastern England, are dated by amino acid racemization to the Last Interglacial, and pollen analysis indicates deposition in Ipswichian biozones Ip Ib and Ip IIb. Multidisciplinary palaeoenvironmental analyses of these deposits provide a rare insight into Ip Ib subzone conditions. Specifically, the Ip Ib deposits contain exotic thermophiles Naias minor, Belgrandia marginata, Bembidion elongatum, Pelochares versicolor, Caccobius schreberi, Onthophagus massai and Emys orbicularis, usually associated with Ip IIb. Combined palaeotemperature reconstructions based on beetle, ostracod and vertebrate assemblages of the Ip Ib deposits indicate that summers (mean July range +19 to +22°C) were at least 2°C warmer than at present, whereas winters (mean January air temperature range 0 to +7°C) were probably similar to those of today. These palaeotemperature ranges encompass those for Ip IIb deposits at Trafalgar Square (+20 to +21°C and +1.5 to +3°C), previously considered the only Ipswichian site to record temperatures significantly warmer than Holocene temperatures. Of particular significance is that thermal optimal conditions commenced in Ip Ib, rather than being confined to Ip IIb. This demonstrates rapid warming and biological response to early Ipswichian climate amelioration, which accords with the deep-sea Last Interglacial and European Eemian records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the work of glaciologist Keith Echelmeyer to determine whether glaciers are shrinking as a result of global warming. Suggestion that environmentalists have been too quick to assume the glaciers are shrinking; Details of Echelmeyer's work flying over glaciers in Alaska using the Global Positioning System and compact airborne lasers to track changes in glaciers; His finding that most of the glaciers are shrinking; Opinion that climate is to blame for the thinning but not necessarily global warming. INSET: Running deep.

The article discusses studies on glaciers conducted by scientists on behavior of glaciers to the rising of average temperatures due to climate change. It discusses analysis of satellite pictures of the Earth's icy places from space by scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center at Boulder, Colorado, fieldwork conducted by glaciologist Kirsty Tinto and colleagues and ice samples taken by glaciologists at the Svartisen Subglacial Observatory in Norway.

A photo essay which depicts the wonders on the Ruth Glacier of Alaska is presented.

The article looks at the off-the-shelf devices used by glaciologists to monitor and examine glaciers which include the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ICESat.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of glacial research at Mount Lyell and Mount Maclure, which come in the Yosemite National Park.

The article offers information on the significant role of Australia in Antarctic science. It says that the involvement of Australia in scientific research in Antarctica in 80 years has been marked the time International Geophysical Year (IGY) has been proposed. It states that the support of the government to IGY Science serves as a turning point for Australia. It adds that the contributions of Australia to geology, upper atmospheric physics, and glaciology have contributed in the recognition of its significant role in Antarctic science.

The cover story discusses research into the effect of climate change on glaciers in the Himalayas, with focus on the faster rate of temperature increase at higher altitudes. Scientists have studied various glacier phenomena, including melting, expansion, and retreat in different regions of the Himalayas. Also explored is the input of water from melting ice caps into Asian rivers and streams.

The article presents conversations with five geoscientists about the biggest unsolved mysteries in their fields. The topic is posed to experts across a variety of earth science disciplines from atmospheric and space science to glaciology. These experts include John Eichelberger of the U.S. Geological Survey, Richard Alley of Penn State University, and Alfred McEwen of Arizona State University.

The article discusses the practice expedition of Wilhelm Filchner to Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway in 1910 in preparation for his Antarctic exploration. Filchner's companions in the practice expedition were geologist H. Philipp, astronomer and magnetism expert E. Przybyllok, meteorologist E. Barkow, geographer H. Seelheim, and mountaineer and medical doctor Karl Potpeschnigg. The team performed a detailed survey and collected scientific data.

The article discusses the evolution of Antarctic science since the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) led by explorer Douglas Mawson in the Antarctic from1911-914. The expedition studied several fields of the region including geology, glaciology, and atmospheric research. Among the achievements of the expedition include collections of seabirds and their eggs, images of the aurora australis, and radio transmission of meteorological data.

The article discusses research on the ice dynamics associated with movement of glaciers away from coastal locations into the sea, their calving, and the formation of icebergs. Greenland's Petermann Glacier, its calving on August 4, 2010, and attempts to observe this event by glaciologist Jason Box are noted. Understanding the future of glacial movement in Greenland and Antarctica reportedly depends on better understanding of ice dynamics. INSETS: Glacial speed;How glaciers flow.

During the Serpukhovian (early Namurian) icehouse conditions were initiated in the southern hemisphere. However, nearfield evidence is inconsistent: glaciation appears to have started in limited areas of eastern Australia in the earliest Serpukhovian, followed by a long interglacial, whereas data from South America and Tibet suggest glaciation throughout the Serpukhovian. New farfield data from the Woodland, Throckley and Rowlands Gill boreholes in northern England allow this inconsistency to be addressed. δ18O from well-preserved late Serpukhovian (late Pendleian to early Arnsbergian) Woodland brachiopods vary between -3.4 and -6.3‰, and δ13C varies between -2.0 and +3.2‰, suggesting a δ18O seawater (w) value of around -1.8 VSMOW, and therefore an absence of widespread ice-caps. The organic carbon δ13C upward increasing trend in the Throckley borehole (Serpukhovian to Bashkirian; c. -24 to c. -22‰) and the Rowlands Gill borehole (Serpukhovian; c. -24 to c. -23‰) suggests large-scale burial of organic material, probably in burgeoning lycophyte-dominated coal forest, implying a fall in pCO2. pCO2 reduction appears not to have caused large-scale glaciation until the early Bashkirian, but a scenario of coalescing upland ice-caps through the Serpukhovian with a background of decreasing pCO2 appears to be similar to the process that initiated Cenozoic Antarctic glaciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the melting of ice sheets and the anticipated environmental repercussions. The Kangerdlugssuaq glacier of Greenland is highlighted. The research of scientist Gordon Hamilton into the glacier's condition is reviewed. Geoscientists comment on the phenomenon, suggesting it as proof of climate change. The author also looks at the Pine Island Glacier of Antarctica. INSETS: The Mechanics of Catastrophe;At the End of the World.

The article discusses the explosive potential of volcanic eruptions that derive from molten rock or magma commingling with ice. Volcanologist Dave McGarvie is cited regarding the March 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption and its exacerbation because of the presence of ice above the magma. The growing study of volcano-ice interactions and ice-covered volcanoes is discussed.

The article narrates German meteorologist Alfred Wegener's last expedition on September 21, 1930 to study polar air circulation over Greenland's ice cap. Born in 1880, Wegener was the author of the continental drift hypothesis, the basis for the plate tectonics theory. He was a world endurance record breaker in 1906 as a hot air balloonist, earning him his first polar expedition. He traveled to the Arctic on four expeditions, including the 1912 four-man expedition that enabled him to publish several volumes on meteorology and glaciology of Greenland.

The article focuses on ice glacier retreat mapping in Greenland. It states that ice caps and glaciers are considered as the main contributors regarding global sea-level increase. It mentions that the remote-sensing and ground-based methods can be utilized in mapping the spatial changes on environmental variables. It adds that the changes in temperature are believed to have an implications regarding the rapid glacial retreat in the region of Tasermiut Fjord in Greenland.