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Designing adaptive and smart hydrogel wound dressings to meet specific needs across different stages of wound healing is crucial. Here, we present a composite hydrogel, GSC/PBE@Lut, that offers self-regulating release of cupric ions and luteolin and modulates mechanical properties to promote chronic wound healing. The double network hydrogel, GSC, is fabricated through photo-cross-linking of gelatin methacrylate, followed by Cu2+-alginate coordination cross-linking. On one hand, GSC allows for rapid Cu2+release to eliminate bacteria in the acidic pH environment during inflammation and reduces the hydrogel’s mechanical strength to minimize tissue trauma during early dressing changes. On the other hand, GSC enables slow Cu2+release during the proliferation stage, promoting angiogenesis and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the inclusion of pH- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive luteolin nanoparticles (PBE@Lut) in the hydrogel matrix allows for controlled release of luteolin, offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. In a murine model of Staphylococcus aureusinfected wounds, GSC/PBE@Lut demonstrates exceptional therapeutic benefits in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and tissue regeneration. Overall, our results suggest that smart hydrogels with controlled bioactive agent release and mechanical modulation present a promising solution for treating chronic wounds.

Surface roughness is one of the most critical attributes of machined components, especially those used in high-performance systems. Online surface roughness monitoring offers advancements comparable to post-process inspection methods, reducing inspection time and costs and concurrently reducing the likelihood of defects. Currently, online monitoring approaches for surface roughness are constrained by several limitations, including the reliance on handcrafted feature extraction, which necessitates the involvement of human experts and entails time-consuming processes. Moreover, the prediction models trained under one set of cutting conditions exhibit poor performance when applied to different experimental settings. To address these challenges, this work presents a novel deep-learning-assisted online surface roughness monitoring method for ultraprecision fly cutting of copper workpieces under different cutting conditions. Tooltip acceleration signals were acquired during each cutting experiment to develop two datasets, and no handcrafted features were extracted. Five deep learning models were developed and evaluated using standard performance metrics. A convolutional neural network stacked on a long short-term memory network outperformed all other network models, yielding exceptional results, including a mean absolute percentage error as low as 1.51% and anR2value of 96.6%. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed model was assessed via a validation cohort analysis using experimental data obtained using cutting parameters different from those previously employed. The performance of the model remained consistent and commendable under varied conditions, asserting its applicability in real-world scenarios.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could effectively prevent the occurrence of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAVTE), which incidence rate was estimated to be 4–20%. But the efficacy and safety remain controversial between DOACs and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).

The COVID-19 crisis has led to an unusually large number of commercial aircraft being currently parked or stored. For airlines, airports, and civil aviation authorities around the world, monitoring, and protecting these parked aircraft to prevent them from causing human-made damage are becoming urgent problems that are receiving increasing attention. In this study, we use thermal infrared monitoring videos to establish a framework for individual surveillance around parked aircraft by proposing a human action recognition (HAR) algorithm. As the focus of this article, the proposed HAR algorithm seamlessly integrates a preprocessing module in which a novel data structure is constructed to introduce spatiotemporal information of the action; a convolutional neural network-based module for spatial feature extraction; a triple-layer convolutional long short-term memory network for temporal feature extraction; and two fully connected layers for classification. Moreover, because no infrared dataset is available for the HAR task on airport grounds at nighttime, we present a dataset called IIAR-30, which consists of eight action categories that frequently occur on airport grounds and 2000 video clips. The experimental results on the IIAR-30 dataset demonstrated that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method was higher than 96%. We also further evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it with five baselines and four other methods.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes, emerging as a therapeutic target in cancer. Owing to the high concentration of ROS in solid tumor tissues, ROS-based treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy, and ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have been widely explored to powerfully and specifically suppress tumors. However, their anticancer efficacy is still hampered by the heterogeneous ROS levels, and thus comprehensively upregulating the ROS levels in tumor tissues can ensure an enhanced therapeutic effect, which can further sensitize and/or synergize with other therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, we review the recently emerging drug delivery strategies and technologies for increasing the H2O2, OH, 1O2, and O2−concentrations in cancer cells, including the efficient delivery of natural enzymes, nanozymes, small molecular biological molecules, and nanoscale Fenton-reagents and semiconductors and neutralization of intracellular antioxidant substances and localized input of mechanical and electromagnetic waves (such as ultrasound, near infrared light, microwaves, and X-rays). The applications of these ROS-upregulating nanosystems in enhancing and synergizing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are surveyed. In addition, we discuss the challenges of ROS-upregulating systems and the prospects for future studies.

Increased anti-inflammatory activity is key to accelerating wound healing. In this study, we prepared three types of water-soluble polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera(PEPs) with different molecular weights by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity and wound-healing effects. The results showed that, under in vitro conditions, the low molecular-weight polysaccharide (LPEP) exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity and suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-1β, and IL-6) from macrophage RAW 264.7 cells through the TLR2-dependent NF-κB, PKC/ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signalling cascades, in a dose-dependent manner. Under in vivo conditions, the LPEP showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, effectively reduced TNF-α production within 14 days, and significantly promoted wound healing to reach wound closure rates of up to 99.0%. Further, a higher number of fibroblast cells and a lower number of inflammatory cells were observed around the wound site in LPEP- and amoxicillin-treated rats than in 0.9% NaCl-treated rats. Similarly, faster tissue regeneration and more skin appendages were found for these two treatment groups. This study demonstrates the potential of LPEP as an effective anti-inflammatory agent to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous in the natural environment and play a pivotal role in biogeochemical processes. However, the spatiotemporal distribution and production mechanisms of ROS in riparian soil remain unknown. Herein, we performed uninterrupted monitoring to investigate the variation of ROS at different soil sites of the Weihe River riparian zone throughout the year. Fluorescence imaging and quantitative analysis clearly showed the production and spatiotemporal variation of ROS in riparian soils. The concentration of superoxide (O2•–) was 300% higher in summer and autumn compared to that in other seasons, while the highest concentrations of 539.7 and 20.12 μmol kg–1were observed in winter for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), respectively. Spatially, ROS production in riparian soils gradually decreased along with the stream. The results of the structural equation and random forest model indicated that meteorological conditions and soil physicochemical properties were primary drivers mediating the seasonal and spatial variations in ROS production, respectively. The generated •OH significantly induced the abiotic mineralization of organic carbon, contributing to 17.5–26.4% of CO2efflux. The obtained information highlighted riparian zones as pervasive yet previously underestimated hotspots for ROS production, which may have non-negligible implications for carbon turnover and other elemental cycles in riparian soils.

Cell therapy has great promise for treating gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by intestinal nervous system (ENS) diseases. However, appropriate sources, other than enteric neural stem cells and human embryonic stem cells, are seldom reported. Here, we show that neural progenitors derived from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of EGFP mice survived, differentiated into enteric neurons and glia cells, migrated widely from the site of injection, and established neuron-muscle connections following transplantation into the distal colon of postnatal mice. The exogenous EGFP+ neurons were physiologically functional as shown by the activity of calcium imaging. This study shows that that other tissues besides the postnatal bowel harbor neural crest stem cells or neural progenitors that have the potential to differentiate into functional enteric neurons in vivoand can potentially be used for intestinal nerve regeneration. These DRG-derived neural progenitor cells may be a choice for cell therapy of ENS disease as an allograft. The new knowledge provided by our study is important for the development of neural crest stem cell and cell therapy for the treatment of intestinal neuropathy.

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) can relieve postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) caused by herpes zoster (HZ) infection. Nevertheless, its curative effect can vary and may be related to the duration of treatment period. The following study investigates the efficacy and safety of CT‐guided PRF modulation on HZ neuralgia over different periods and different time points. A total of 150 patients with HZ/PHN were enrolled at the Pain Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2013 and December 2016. According to the course of disease, the patients were randomly divided into group A, which included patients with acute stage (n= 50; course <1 m); group B, which included patients with subacute stage (n= 50; 1 m 3 m). The PRF therapy was performed in all patients by targeting thoracic dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The visual analogue scale (VAS), SF‐36, total effective rate of treatment, and dosage of antiepileptic analgesic drugs were observed at different time points, before and after the surgery. Compared to preoperative time, decreased VAS, improved SF‐36, and the decreased dosage of antiepileptic analgesic drugs were observed at all time points, and in all groups after surgery (p< 0.05). In group A, pain relief lasted longer, and it further decreased over time. In addition, significantly lower VAS, higher SF‐36, and lower dosage of antiepileptic analgesic drugs were found in group A compared to group B, and in group B compared to group C (all p< 0.05). Furthermore, the total effective rates in groups A, B, and C were 88, 72, and 52%, respectively. CT‐guided PRF targeting thoracic DRG for modulation of HZ neuralgia in different periods is safe and effective. It is recommended to perform early intervention therapy at the acute phase of HZ.

The environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are correlated with their behaviors and ecological risks. Humic acid (HA) is ubiquitous in natural water environments. However, the influence of HA on the environmental behavior, bioavailability, and toxicity of AgNPs is little known. This study investigated the processes of AgNP bioaccumulation in and toxicity to Lemna minorin an aquatic environment. AgNP effects were assessed in the presence of HA, which has been shown to interact with AgNP and modify its behavior and toxicity to organisms. Results showed that AgNP dissolution declined with the addition of HA. Carboxylate groups and C–O and C–O–C bonds were found to be involved in the HA and AgNP interaction, while XPS results suggested that HA caused Ag+to be reduced to Ag(0). The addition of HA inhibited the absorption and accumulation of Ag in Lemna minorroots and leaves. When exposed to AgNP treatments alone, the plant morphology and ultrastructure were damaged by root atrophy and a reduction in vessel number and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) was observed. However, the addition of HA mitigated AgNP toxicity, resulting in no significant difference in the chlorophyll biomass and concentration between the AgNP–HA and unexposed treatment groups. The addition of HA was found to inhibit the generation of ROS and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) caused by AgNPs in root cells. Overall, these results establish the mechanism of the effect of HA on AgNP behavior and highlight the influence of HA on the uptake and toxicity of AgNPs to Lemna minor.

Selective cleavage of C-C bond of lignin derivatives and models via oxidation is vital to realize value-added utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, based on the strategy of facet engineering and pseudo-heterojunction construction, a series of P2W17V/{001}-TiO2heterogenous photocatalysts were constructed by loading monovanadium-substituted Dawson-type polyoxometalates P2W17V onto TiO2with exposed {001} facets. The morphologies, structures, photoelectrical properties, and photocatalytic performances of the nanocomposites were researched. P2W17V/{001}-TiO2could effectively photocatalyze the transformation of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol, the lignin model compound with characteristic β-O-4 structure, to benzaldehyde and phenol. Photogenerated electrons and O2•-were disclosed critical to lignin model conversion that could induce C-C bond cleavage, with a selectivity above 85%, through a Cβ-centered radical. Neither pure O2nor precious metal was required in the photocatalysis. P2W17V acted as electron pools. The engineered facets of TiO2and the pseudo-heterojunction between P2W17V and TiO2suppressed electron-hole recombination, facilitated charge transfer, and promoted photocatalytic performance. This work paved a new avenue to convert lignin and lignin derivatives to high-value chemicals by selectively breaking C-C bond under mild conditions.

ABSTRACTAllergic asthma is a common airway inflammatory disease in which B cells play important roles through IgE production and antigen presentation. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis showed that Atg(autophagy-related) allele mutations are involved in asthma. It has been demonstrated that macroautophagy/autophagy is essential for B cell survival, plasma cell differentiation and immunological memory maintenance. However, whether B cell autophagy participates in asthma pathogenesis remains to be investigated. In this report, we found that autophagy was enhanced in pulmonary B cells from asthma-prone mice. Autophagy deficiency in B cells led to attenuated immunopathological symptoms in asthma-prone mice. Further investigation showed that IL4 (interleukin 4), a key effector Th2 cytokine in allergic asthma, was critical for autophagy induction in B cells both in vivo and in vitro, which further sustained B cell survival and enhanced antigen presentation by B cells. Moreover, IL4-induced autophagy depended on JAK signaling via an MTOR-independent, PtdIns3K-dependent pathway. Together, our data indicate that B cell autophagy aggravates experimental asthma through multiple mechanisms.

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumseriously threats tomato growth in tropical and temperate regions around the world. This study reported an antagonistic bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciensstrain SQRT3, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants, which strongly inhibited in vitrogrowth of pathogenic R. solanacearum.The suppression of tomato bacterial wilt by strain SQRT3 was demonstrated under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tomato as one of the potential disease suppression mechanisms was investigated in the plants inoculated with the isolated bacterial strain SQRT3. The results showed that strain SQRT3 applied with R. solanacearumby drenching significantly reduced tomato bacterial wilt by 68.1% biocontrol efficiency (BE) and suppressed the R. solanacearumpopulations in the rhizosphere soil compared to the control only drenched with R. solanacearum.The BE of the isolated bacterial strain SQRT3 against tomato wilt increased to 84.1% by root-dipping. Tomato plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and R. solanacearumshowed increases in activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase compared with other treatments. The application of strain SQRT3 reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in tomato leaves. The expressions of marker genes for jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathways were faster and stronger in tomato plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and R. solanacearumthan in plants treated with either R. solanacearumor strain SQRT3 alone. Collectively, the findings indicated that strain SQRT3 can effectively control tomato wilt.

CD8α+dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized at cross-presenting extracellular antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to initiate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses; however, details of the mechanisms that regulate cross-presentation remain unknown. We found lower expression of the lectin family member Siglec-G in CD8α+DCs, and Siglec-G deficient (Siglecg−/−) mice generated more antigen-specific CTLs to inhibit intracellular bacterial infection and tumor growth. MHC class I–peptide complexes were more abundant on Siglecg−/−CD8α+DCs than on Siglecg+/+CD8α+DCs. Mechanistically, phagosome-expressed Siglec-G recruited the phosphatase SHP-1, which dephosphorylated the NADPH oxidase component p47phoxand inhibited the activation of NOX2 on phagosomes. This resulted in excessive hydrolysis of exogenous antigens, which led to diminished formation of MHC class I–peptide complexes for cross-presentation. Therefore, Siglec-G inhibited DC cross-presentation by impairing such complex formation, and our results add insight into the regulation of cross-presentation in adaptive immunity.

The influence of the preparation methods of Co-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on the structural and catalytic properties of Co-Al mixed oxides for benzene total oxidation was investigated. Various Co-Al LDHs were synthesized via constant pH precipitation, decreasing pH precipitation, and urea homogeneous precipitation. The synthesized samples were characterized by using N2physical adsorption, ICP, XRD, TG–DTA, SEM, and H2-TPR. The characterization results showed that calcination of Co-Al LDHs gave rise to Co-Al mixed oxides consisting of Co(Co, Al)2O4spinel as the main phase, which showed relatively small crystallite size and high specific surface area, i.e., ~12 nm, 90–100 m2gcat−1. The highest catalytic activity was obtained on the Co-Al mixed oxide prepared by decreasing pH precipitation, followed by that prepared by constant pH precipitation, while the Co-Al mixed oxide prepared by urea homogeneous precipitation was much less active. The activity difference can be related to the different reducibility of Co3+species in Co(Co, Al)2O4spinel.

The DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a has high expression in terminally differentiated macrophages; however, its role in innate immunity remains unknown. Here we report that deficiency in Dnmt3a selectively impaired the production of type I interferons triggered by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), but not that of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6. Dnmt3a-deficient mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to viral challenge. Dnmt3a did not directly regulate the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons; instead, it increased the production of type I interferons through an epigenetic mechanism by maintaining high expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC9. In turn, HDAC9 directly maintained the deacetylation status of the key PRR signaling molecule TBK1 and enhanced its kinase activity. Our data add mechanistic insight into the crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and post-translational modifications in the regulation of PRR signaling and activation of antiviral innate immune responses.

A virtual Taylor impact of cellular materials is analyzed with a wave propagation technique, i.e. the Lagrangian analysis method, of which the main advantage is that no pre-assumed constitutive relationship is required. Time histories of particle velocity, local strain, and stress profiles are calculated to present the local stress–strain history curves, from which the dynamic stress–strain states are obtained. The present results reveal that the dynamic-rigid-plastic hardening (D-R-PH) material model introduced in a previous study of our group is in good agreement with the dynamic stress–strain states under high loading rates obtained by the Lagrangian analysis method. It directly reflects the effectiveness and feasibility of the D-R-PH material model for the cellular materials under high loading rates.

The H3K4me3 demethylase Kdm5a regulates gene transcription and is implicated in carcinogenesis. However, the role of Kdm5a in innate immune response remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Kdm5a deficiency impairs activation of natural killer (NK) cells, with decreased IFN-γ production. Accordingly, Kdm5a−/−mice are highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes(Lm) infection. During NK cell activation, loss of Kdm5a profoundly impairs phosphorylation and nuclear localization of STAT4, along with increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). Mechanistic studies reveal that Kdm5a associates with p50 and binds to the Socs1promoter region in resting NK cells, leading to a substantial decrease in H3K4me3 modification and repressive chromatin configuration at the Socs1promoter. Thus, Kdm5a is required for priming activation of NK cells by suppressing the suppressor, SOCS1. Our study provides insights into the epigenetic regulation of innate immune response of NK cells.

In this study, a quinoline-thiourea conjugate (1-phenyl-3-(quinoline-8-yl) thiourea, PQT) was synthesized and used as a fluorescence sensor to detect mercury ion. The observation is coincident with the well-documented phenomenon that a thiocarbonyl-containing group on a fluorochrome quenches the fluorescence due to the heavy atom effect of the S atom. The large fluorescence enhancement of PQT in the buffered MeCN-water mixture (1/1 v/v; HEPES 100 mM; pH 8.0) was caused by the Hg2+induced transformation of the thiourea function into a urea group. As such, protic solvents can be ascribed to hydrogen bond formation on the carbonyl oxygen to reduce the internal conversion rate. The fluorescence intensity of PQT was enhanced quantitatively with an increase in the concentration of mercury ion. The limit of detection of Hg2+was 7.5 nM. The coexistence of other metal ions with mercury had no obvious influence on the detection of mercury. A quinolone-thiourea conjugate was used as a fluorescent probe to detect Hg2+in aquatic plants and the experimental results were satisfactory.

The heterogeneity and mechanisms for the generation of CD4 memory T (CD4 Tm) cells remain elusive. Distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) have been found to regulate a distinct T-helper (Th)–cell subset differentiation by influencing cytokine cues around CD4 T cells; however, whether and how the regulatory DC subset can regulate Tm-cell differentiation remains unknown. Further, there is no ideal in vitro experimental system with which to mimic the 3 phases of the CD4 T-cell immune response (expansion, contraction, memory generation) and/or to culture CD4 Tm cells for more than a month. By analyzing CD4 T cells programmed by long-term coculture with regulatory DCs, we identified a population of long-lived CD4 T cells with a CD44hiCD62L−CCR7− effector memory phenotype and rapid, preferential secretion of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 after antigenic stimulation. These regulatory DC-programmed Tm cells suppress CD4 T-cell activation and proliferation in vitro via IL-10 and inhibit the delayed-type hypersensitivity response once infused in vivo. We also identify their natural counterpart, which is up-regulated by regulatory DC transfusion and negatively regulates the recall response in vivo. Different from interferon-γ–producing conventional Tm cells, these IL-4–producing CD4 Tm cells act as alternative Tm cells with a regulatory function, suggesting a new way of negative immune regulation by memory T cells.

The heterogeneity and mechanisms for the generation of CD4 memory T (CD4 Tm) cells remain elusive. Distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) have been found to regulate a distinct T-helper (Th)–cell subset differentiation by influencing cytokine cues around CD4 T cells; however, whether and how the regulatory DC subset can regulate Tm-cell differentiation remains unknown. Further, there is no ideal in vitro experimental system with which to mimic the 3 phases of the CD4 T-cell immune response (expansion, contraction, memory generation) and/or to culture CD4 Tm cells for more than a month. By analyzing CD4 T cells programmed by long-term coculture with regulatory DCs, we identified a population of long-lived CD4 T cells with a CD44hiCD62L−CCR7−effector memory phenotype and rapid, preferential secretion of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 after antigenic stimulation. These regulatory DC-programmed Tm cells suppress CD4 T-cell activation and proliferation in vitro via IL-10 and inhibit the delayed-type hypersensitivity response once infused in vivo. We also identify their natural counterpart, which is up-regulated by regulatory DC transfusion and negatively regulates the recall response in vivo. Different from interferon-γ–producing conventional Tm cells, these IL-4–producing CD4 Tm cells act as alternative Tm cells with a regulatory function, suggesting a new way of negative immune regulation by memory T cells.

Induction of autologous stem cells for directed differentiation has become a predominant method to obtain autologous cells for tissue reconstruction. However, the low inducing efficiency and contamination with other type of cells hinder its clinical utilization. Here we report a novel phenomenon that the corneal epithelial cells maintain long-term proliferative capacity and tissue-specific cell phenotype by factors secreted from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The rabbit corneal epithelial cells grew very well in culture medium with addition of 40% ESC conditioned medium (ESC-CM). These corneal epithelial cells have been serially subcultured for more than 20 passages and maintained high cell purity, cobble-stone-like morphology, enhanced colony forming efficiency, normal diploid, and capacity to regenerate a functional stratified corneal epithelial equivalent. More importantly, these cells did not form tumor, and the cells lost their proliferative capacity after withdrawal of ESC-CM. The long-term proliferative capacity of corneal epithelial cells is partly resulted from enhancement of cell survival and colony formation, and mediated by ectopic expression of telomerase. Our findings indicate that this new ESC-CM culture system can generate low-immunogenic autologous cells sufficiently for use in regenerative medicine.

Great endeavors have been dedicated to the development of wound dressing materials. However, there is still a demand for developing a wound dressing hydrogel that integrates natural macromolecules without requiring extra chemical modifications, so as to enable a facile transformation and practical application in wound healing. Herein, a composite hydrogel was prepared with water-soluble polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera(PEP) cross-linked with boric acid and polyacrylamide cross-linked via polymerization (PAM) using a one-pot method. The dual-network of this hydrogel enabled it to have an ultratough mechanical strength. Moreover, interfacial characterizations reflected that the hydrogen bonds and dynamic hydroxyl–borate bonds contributed to the self-healing ability of the PEP-PAM hydrogel, and the surface groups on the hydrogel allowed for tissue adhesiveness and natural antioxidant properties. Additionally, human epidermal growth factor-loaded PEP-PAM hydrogel promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro and significantly accelerated wound healing in vivo on model rats. These progresses suggested a prospect for the PEP-PAM hydrogel as an effective and easily available wound dressing material. Remarkably, this work showcases that a wound dressing hydrogel can be facially developed by using natural polysaccharides as a one component and offers a new route for the high-value utilization of disastrous marine blooming biomass by transforming it into a biomedical material.

The dynamic performances of an ultra-precision fly cutting machine tool (UFCMT) has a dramatic impact on the quality of ultra-precision machining. In this study, the dynamic model of an UFCMT was established based on the transfer matrix method for multibody systems. In particular, the large-span scale flow field mesh model was created; and the variation in linear and angular stiffness of journal and thrust bearings with respect to film thickness was investigated by adopting the dynamic mesh technique. The dynamic model was proven to be valid by comparing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool obtained by numerical simulation with the experimental results. In addition, the power spectrum density estimation method was adopted to simulate the statistical ambient vibration excitation by processing the ambient vibration signal measured over a long period of time. Applying it to the dynamic model, the dynamic response of the tool tip under ambient vibration was investigated. The results elucidated that the tool tip response was significantly affected by ambient vibration, and the isolation foundation had a good effect on vibration isolation.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial lining hyperplasia, in which there may be an imbalance between the growth and death of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Antibodies against citrullinated proteins are proposed to induce RA. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic role of citrullinated fibronectin (cFn) in RA.