Search

New research from Tel Aviv University focuses on the synthesis of ultrasmall ATP-coated gold nanoparticles (ATP-NPs) that can selectively bind to non-hybridized regions in DNA. These nanoparticles have the potential to detect genomic DNA regions with mismatches and mutations commonly found in cancer cells. The study demonstrates that ATP-NPs can efficiently target a specific 5A/5A region in a circular double-stranded plasmid, while commercially available nanoparticles of different sizes cannot. This research opens up possibilities for the application of gold nanoparticles in genomic research and cancer detection. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on teaching evolution that has grown to become one of the central tenets of understanding of life on Earth. Topics include considered that subject requires the comprehension of vast timelines and complex scientific concepts, from DNA and genes to natural selection and adaptation.

Discusses the factors contributing to the high fidelity of DNA duplication despite countless cell divisions. Selection of nucleotides and incorporation on the nascent strand, verification of the added nucleotide, and the correction of encoded information; Correction of a mismatch in synthesized DNA through enzymatic reactions; Bacterial experiments in DNA replication.

The article focuses on the debate surrounding recombinant DNA research. Proponents of research which entails combining segments of Escherichia coli ( E. coli) DNA with the DNA of plants and animals emphasize that it can help point the way toward a new promised land of understanding and curing cancer. Opponents of this research express their fear that its benefits may be outweighed by unforeseeable risks. They say that the engineered bacteria can find its way into human intestines and cause baffling diseases by escaping from the lab and multiplying.

The article reports developments related to science in the U.S. American scientist disagree on a wide range of public issues with the present status of the nuclear arms race. A group of French investigators has discovered that segments of untranscribed DNA can be inserted into structural genes, disrupting the linear continuity of the coding sequence. In Pennsylvania, 182 cases had been reported were hospitalized and died of a severe pneumonialike disease of unknown origin.

The article provides information on research on the repeated segments of DNA which have been identified in all higher species that have been examined. The structure and behavior of DNA is reviewed. Also given in details is the discovery of repeated DNA by a group in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The paradox of the mouse-DNA reassociation which led to the discovery of repetitive DNA is examined in more detail.

The author discusses his efforts to synthesize DNA. The history behind the beginning of cell-free synthesis of DNA is cited. It is said that DNA has a basic link structure known as nucleotide which consists of a phosphate group attached to a five-carbon sugar deoxyribose. There are approximately 1,000 nucleotides in every gene of the DNA of chromosome.

The article traces the development on the discovery and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the cell. Similarly, the bodily phenomenon of the cell to make molecules is through DNA which mainly commands the manufacture of protein enzymes. This essential gene material was first discovered by Robert Feulgen which operate all the chemical reactions of living organisms. As such the perception of how DNA directs protein synthesis in the cell involves an immense knowledge and its structure gained to the cell.

The article reports that organisms change DNA bases after replication by adding chemical extensions to nucleic acids. While extending the DNA alphabet generally does not affect the encoding of proteins, it can impact the expression of phenotypic traits, and thus play a role in survival of the organism.

The DNA molecule is considered as a complex dynamic system where nonlinear conformational waves can be activated and move along the polynucleotide chains. Local nonlinear distortions of the DNA structure named bubbles are studied with the help of the sine-Gordon equation modified by adding two terms that more accurately take into account heterogeneous nature of the DNA sequence. The model equation is solved numerically. Topological soliton solutions ϕ ( z , t ) having the form of kinks, are found. To obtain the trajectories of the bubbles we project the derivative of the function ϕ ( z , t ) on the plane ( z , t ) . The approach is applied to artificial sequence consisting of n homogeneous regions separated by ( n - 1 ) boundaries, and to the sequence of plasmid pTTQ18. The obtained dependence of the bubble trajectories on the arrangement of the main functional regions (promoters, terminators and coding regions) is interpreted as an evidence of the existence of the relation between DNA dynamics and functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite widespread use of fecal pellet-group counts as an index of ungulate density, techniques used to convert pellet-group numbers to ungulate numbers rarely are based on counts of known individuals, seldom evaluated across spatial and temporal scales, and precision is infrequently quantified. Using DNA from fecal pellets to identify individual deer, we evaluated the relationship between pellet-group count and count of Sitka black-tailed deer ( Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) during a 3-year study (2006-2008) in 3 watersheds in southeast Alaska, USA. We surveyed 141,054 m2 of transect, counted 10,569 pellet groups, and identified 737 unique deer. We used a multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear model to analyze expected deer count as a function of pellet-group count. Pellet-group count was a significant predictor of DNA-based index of deer count, but that relationship varied by transect, watershed, and year, indicating that extrapolation of a single linear relationship across space and time was not possible. More importantly, most of the variation in our models was residual and unexplained. Assuming that our DNA-based results were a more accurate and precise metric of true deer count, we do not support the use of pellet-group count to index deer count in southeast Alaska unless confounding factors are accounted for at fine spatial (e.g., habitat patch) scales. Because of the difficulty in routinely evaluating the influence of confounding variables in remote and unmanaged landscapes, we suggest that wildlife programs in these environments consider alternatives, such as DNA-based methods, for monitoring trends in ungulate populations. © 2013 The Wildlife Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionization and fragmentation of trapped protonated dGCAT oligonucleotides upon interaction with energetic photons {hv = 10-570 eV) and keV Cq+ ions was investigated by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The observed fragmentation patterns are dominated by protonated and nonprotonated nucleobase ions and fragments of the deoxyribose moiety. Fragments exceeding the size of nucleosides are almost completely absent. Absorption of VUV photons as well as interaction with keV ions predominantly involves ionization or excitation of molecular valence electrons and accordingly the observed fragmentation patterns exhibit qualitatively similar features. Soft-x-ray-induced ionization of core level electrons accompanied by subsequent emission of an Auger electron shifts the fragment distributions towards smaller masses. This systematic study allows for insights into differences and similarities between ion- and photon-induced excitation and fragmentation mechanisms. In particular, the crucial role of the deoxyribose moiety for radiation-induced DNA damage that was predicted on the basis of gas-phase experiments using isolated deoxyribose molecules is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis conducted by biologists of Wildlife Genetics International (WGI) on grizzly bears in West Kootenay, British Columbia. The bears are baited using fermented cow blood and grey fish offal. To prevent the isolation of small populations of grizzly bears and reduce their mortality, restricting hunting permits and reducing bear attractants are recommended.

Purpose - This paper attempts to compare two biological successions, in general any two successions, analysing the differences between them. Design/methodology/approach - An algorithm was designed based on a metric which enables one to calculate the associated distance between two successions and, based on the distance obtained, the type of mutations which have occurred was approached. Findings - The empirical analysis shows that the transformations caused in the successions have been detected by the metric. Today there are numerous enormously powerful programs able to trawl entire databases and therefore the aim of this paper was not to compare these, but to demonstrate a different way of comparing two given successions. Practical implications - The paper presents a comparison of two DNA successions having a measure of the degree of similarity between them and their possible mutations. Originality/value - The metric presented is a generalisation of the Hamming distance in strings of different lengths. The software associated with the metric has made it possible to validate the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the role of chromatin in biology. The German scientist Walther Flemming use the term chromatin for describing the vastly complex machinery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins within cell nuclei. It is a seething mass of interacting molecular machines that together control the life and death processes in living things.

Abstract: In this paper, we develop the theory for constructing linear and additive cyclic codes of odd length over that are suitable for DNA computing. We call this class of codes reversible complement cyclic codes. We use this theory to study all such codes of lengths , , 11 and . We list the codes that have the largest number of codewords for a given minimum Hamming distance. We show that some of these codes have more codewords than previously known codes with the same minimum Hamming distance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents questions and answers related to science. One person asks which U.S. city is most vulnerable to a catastrophic natural disaster. Another asks about the appearance of a sequenced DNA. A reader asks what happens to old satellites and rocket parts in orbit

Clinical diagnoses frequently rely on colour stains to discriminate abnormal' from `normal' tissue. Schiff reactions can he used to `colour in' DNA changes linked to cancer and could have a major impact on early diagnosis as well as our understanding of cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA by scientists James Watson and Francis Crick. Such disclosure was discussed in Watson's book "Double Helix." The two scientists first demonstrated the double-railed circular staircase structure DNA by using cardboard cutouts and wire-sheet models.

The article discusses the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Aaron Bendich and Herbert Rosenkranz of the Sloan-Kettering Institute with S. M. Beiser of Columbia have extracted a substance from a mixture of nucleotides. They suspected that nucleotides continually combine into giant DNA molecules.

The article reports on the development of a new method to correct the errors in sequencing ancient DNA that are made because it degrades over time. This will help in sequencing the genomes of mammoths. The DNA of various species were analyzed by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.

The article focuses on a study conducted by Dale Ramsden of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill regarding the aberrant reinsertions of transposons at random places in a chromosome which caused genetic errors. Transposons relocate themselves along chromosomes which helps cells to rearrange their DNA.

This article focuses on a study conducted by Timothée Lionnet at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris, France, which reports that DNA's famous helical structure has an unexpected twist. It turns out that tightly winding the molecule's double helix makes it stretch, and untwisting it makes it shrink. Lionnet tethered one end of a DNA molecule to a microscope slide, and the other to a magnetic bead, which he rotated with a magnetic field, twisting the helix. Richard Lavery, also at CNRS, said that winding up DNA brings the two strands of the molecule closer together.

The article focuses on the bacterium called Deinococcus radiodurans's capacity to survive radiation. It was discovered by microbiologists investigating why a tin of meat had gone off even after it had supposedly been sterilised by being exposed to radiation. Studies have revealed that Deinococcus can survive thousands of times as much radiation as humans. Its trick is to mount an ultra-efficient repair job to make good the damage inflicted by the radiation. Though humans can do this to a limited degree, Deinococcus can repair its DNA on a much bigger scale, and crucially can cope with massive fragmentation of its DNA, which humans cannot.

The article informs that one piece of so-called "junk" DNA appears to have a surprising role. In voles at least, a particular stretch of non-coding DNA seems to control a male's fidelity. Larry Young and Elizabeth Hammock at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, bred two strains of prairie voles. Each had different lengths of "microsatellite" DNA in a gene encoding a receptor for the hormone vasopressin. Microsatellites are repetitive DNA sequences which, like all junk DNA, do not code for proteins. The strains differed in length by just 19 base pairs, a small difference, but enough to change the voles' behavior.

Presents the results of a study on DNA, conducted by the researchers of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Significance of the number of genes a person is carrying; Explanation on the most commonly used DNA probes.

The article presents quotations from various people on issues related to science. "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material," said James Watson and Francis Crick in their 1953 Nature paper "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid." "I felt slightly queasy when at lunch Francis winged into the Eagle to tell everyone within hearing that we had found the secret of life," said James Watson.

The article that scientists at Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley laboratories have produced the first visual confirmation of the structure of the DNA. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, which creates images of individual atoms by tracing the surface of materials with an electrically charged stylus, the team of scientists captured the first three-dimensional look at the structural features of a DNA strand.

The article indicates that the double helix structure proposed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1953 is central to science's understanding of the molecular machinery operating in cells and led to the development of genetic engineering technology. It discusses the progress in DNA origami pioneered by Ned Seeman and DNA nanotechnology by Chad Mirkhin. The article also assesses that the two progress are bringing major revolution to the application of DNA as a generic material.

The article reports that according to a new study, some medically significant parts of an individual's DNA exist in complex regions which are prone to systematic errors. The study was conducted by Rachel Goldfeder and colleagues and has been published in the March 2, 2016 issue of the journal "Genome Medicine."

This article looks at the efforts of researchers to explore the differences among people of different continental origins using the DNA. Scientists have identified small differences in DNA that account for the pale skin of Europeans, the tendency of Asians to sweat less, and West Africans' resistance to certain diseases. But while the benefits of the genetic revolution are undeniable, some critics fear this knowledge may also be giving long-discredited racial prejudices a new potency.

The article discusses various concepts on genetic determinism. The belief that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms, is analyzed. This is being compared to the idea of Richard Dawkins's in the classic book "The Selfish Gene," which states that DNA are responsible for their own reproduction. Furthermore, several ideas which counters the concept of Dawkins are also presented.

The article offers several medical researches. One research depicts the side effects of the daily use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) among adults 50 and older. Another report that individuals who feel they are alone may be twice as likely to develop dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. A recent study of microsatellite deoxyribose reveals that researchers found regions of certain chromosomes that might contain genes that contribute to a major depression.

Provides information on the basic structure of the DNA. Strands of DNA in the chromosome; Role of histones in gene regulation; Double helix form of the DNA; Bases of the genetic code.

This article explains the reasons behind the emergence of DNA stresses. DNA does not remain quietly coiled in the nucleus of a cell. Instead, it goes through cycles of unraveling and compaction, most dynamically during the process of meiosis. Human nuclear DNA is organized into twenty-three pairs of chromosomes, one member of each pair from the egg cell of the mother and the other member from the sperm cell of the father. Molecular biologist Nancy Kleckner proposes several factors that could generate stresses in a chromosome. First, during the meiotic cycle, the chromosomes condense into more tightly looped skeins of DNA. That compression could set up stresses simply by confining the DNA to a smaller space, possibly causing the DNA to stiffen as well.

The article examines deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fatigue, which the author defines as a kind of irritable lassitude brought on by DNA's prominent involvement in almost everything. The article discusses the "baked-potato paradigm," the Cheddar Man, the relevance of DNA testing, and DNA research on the Neanderthal people.

The article reports on the possibility that the 3,211 backlog of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cases at the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) could take two years to clear according to the inspector general of the Justice Department, affecting several cases.

The article focuses on the issue of spread of Asian carp in Lake Michigan. In mid-January 2010, officials announced that Asian carp DNA had been found in Calumet Harbour, Lake Michigan. Marc Gaden of the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission says that the DNA indicates that the fish or some part of it has had contact with that water. Gaden says that everything possible should be done to prevent more carp from reaching the lake.

The article discusses research on forensic science conducted by the National Research Council (NRC). The NRC report was released in early 2009 by the National Academy of Science (NAS) and cites that DNA analysis is the only proven forensic science to date. A problem with current applications of forensic science is the lack of governing standards, personnel certification, and funding. The NRC recommends the establishment of a National Institute of Forensic Science, and mandatory accreditation and certification of crime labs.

The article reports on the cotton problems encountered by Supima Association in New York. The Applied DNA Sciences Inc. of Stony Brook, a local DNA detective, has been consulted since the Phoenix-based trade group has suspected of mixed inferior threads with premium Supima cotton. James Hayward, Applied DNA chief executive, has claimed that the deoxyribose nucleic acid to be efficient since it has the ability to detect the smallest decree of marking on the product.

The article offers information on helping students understand the DNA of fruits. It is posed that the Biotechnology Institute offers sample experiments concerning this field on its website www.biotechinstitute.org. In this site students can chemically extract and compare DNA from various fruits using rubbing alcohol, coffee filters, hand soap, and table salt. In this activity students can gather DNA with their paper clips and compare samples and hold it in their hands. Scott May of the Institute said that the experiment can aid students to comprehend questions regarding DNA.

Discusses research being done on how bacteria like Escherichia coli take up DNA. Reference to a study by Steven Finkel and Vyacheslav Palchevskiy published in the June 2006 issue of the "Journal of Bacteriology"; Explanation on how microbes use the DNA from dead cells; Findings of the study.

The article reports on the issue of identical twins. Paul and Morgan Hamm look identical, but their parents say they are fraternal. Identical, or monozygotic, twins begin when a single sperm fertilizes a single egg, creating a zygote. The zygote then splits into two identical zygotes that develop into babies that have the same Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Sandy Hamm, Paul and Morgan's father, says the boys are fraternal because they look different-they have slightly different noses, hair, and teeth.