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If the process heat of compound parabolic collector is integrated with an organic Rankine cycle, work output of significant amount from the system can be achieved provided mass flow rate of the organic fluid is properly maintained alongside uncontrollable ambient parameters. In this study, the objective is to analyse the performance of a low-concentration-ratio compound parabolic collector using ANSYS Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics software and to integrate the same with an organic Rankine cycle engine to assess the thermodynamic performance of the system under very low mass flow rates (0.003–0.009 kg/s), different solar irradiances (300–1000 W/m2) and ambient temperature levels (24–40 °C). In the integrated mode, the organic fluid is passed through the collector, which re-enters the engine after heating. The influences of the rate of mass flow and ambient parameters on the working fluid outlet temperature, collector efficiency and collector heat loss are investigated parametrically for performance assessment of the collector. In the integrated mode, the effects of solar radiation, pressure ratio, working fluid outlet temperature and condenser side temperature on the maximum achievable thermal efficiency and work output are analysed using Engineering Equation Solver and compared with a standard engine. The results reveal that increasing the turbine inlet pressure, decreasing mass flow rate of flow and decreasing the cold side temperature of the turbine could improve system performance. The integrated unit is capable to show maximum efficiency of 13.03%, which is an increase by 3.7% compared with an earlier study of similar system having same working fluid.

In this paper, we study the concept of strongly clean semiring. Let Sbe a semiring. An element a∈Sis called strongly clean if a=e+uwith ean idempotent in Sand ua unit in Ssuch that eu=ue. A semiring Sis said to be strongly clean if every nonzero element of Sis strongly clean. We mainly study the notion of strongly clean semiring and obtain some important characterizations of strongly clean semiring in connection with exchange semiring, antisimple semiring and inverse semiring.

In this research, we explore the utilization of the time-delayed feedback method to stabilize unstable steady states and aperiodic orbits within the chaotic fractional-order Rössler Oscillator. Employing the time-delay feedback control algorithm, we identify specific parameter ranges enabling the successful stabilization of unstable equilibria, considering variations in both feedback gain and time delay. Unlike previous research works where Caputo and Riemann-Liouville characterization of fractional derivatives are used, we are using Grünwald-Letnikov (GL) characterization because of its simplicity and ease of implementation and demonstrating the stability using the analytical and numerical analysis and plots of eigenvalues. Additionally, our analysis highlight the effectiveness of a sinusoidally modulated time delay in the control law, significantly expanding the stability region of steady states beyond the capabilities of the traditional time-delayed feedback scheme with a constant delay. Furthermore, the analysis of eigenvalues before and after applying the control strategy offers tangible insights into the system's stability dynamics.

Over the past decades, pyrazole has displayed significant importance in various areas of chemistry and industry owing to its unique nature, reactivity, and properties. Pyrazole is versatile compound with a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, materials science, and various branches of science. Specifically, pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehydes can be used as a building block in organic synthesis to create more valuable and bioactive molecules. In this context, pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehydes may be explored for achieving pyrazole fused/linked heterocyclic skeletons by employing different organic transformations. The investigation of pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehydes has resulted in the formation of a range of biologically potent heterocyclic structures, which include pyrazole C-3/C-5-based silicon derivatives, pyrazole C-3/C-5-based Schiff base derivatives, pyrazole C-3/C-5-based metal complexes, pyrazole C-3/C-5-based imidazo[1,2-a]azines, pyrazole C-3/C-5-based sulphur containing derivatives, and pyrazole C-3/C-5-based thioamide and amides, as well as other pyrazole fused/tethered polycyclic systems. Previous reports have shown that derivatives synthesized from the pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehyde have demonstrated favourable biological uses like 5-HT3A receptor antagonists, allosteric inhibitors, insecticidal activity, antioxidant, antifungal, antiproliferative and antimicrobial. Pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehydes have the potential to be highly utilized in the medical field as well as material science if studied judiciously. This review focuses on the exploration of pyrazole C-3/C-5 carbaldehydes towards the synthesis of highly diversified pyrazole-based molecular hybrids till 2023 and describes their promising utilization in the field of pharmaceutical science.

In this research, a susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantine-recovered-type epidemic model containing fractional-order differential equations is suggested and examined in order to better understand the dynamical behavior of the infectious illness in the presence of vaccination and treatments. The non-negative and bounded solutions of our proposed model are examined for existence and uniqueness. We investigate the explicit formulation of a threshold R0, often known as the basic reproduction number, using the next-generation matrix technique. Depending on the value of R0, one endemic equilibrium exists and is stable for R0>1, and one disease-free equilibrium (exist for all values of R0) is stable for R0<1. This article has also noticed the emergence of a transcritical bifurcation. The relevance of using vaccination and treatments as controls has been met by formulating a fractional-order optimal control problem. The resulting theoretical conclusions are supported by a few numerical simulations. Ultimately, a global sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence.

AbstractDrones are argued to assist in alleviating the challenges and enhancing efficiency in construction. Using the construction industry of South Africa and India, and a survey research method, this study, explored the barriers and challenges, and the factors that influence the use of Drones in construction. Also, it evaluated strategies to enhance the use of Drones in construction. A survey research method that includes the collection of data from stakeholders of the construction industry from developing countries such as South Africa and India and relevant statistical methods including ordinal regression model estimation was used for this study. Findings suggested that several barriers and factors under economic, operational, social-legal & environmental, and construction-related aspects influence the use of Drones. However, five strategic measures that include the creation of objective government policy, regulations and legal provisions, enabling competency building through training and piloting licences, permitting airspace for use of Drones for construction in and around construction sites, budgeting the cost of Drones and their operation in the project cost, and creation of organizational culture for adopting technological change can enhance the use of Drones in the construction industry in developing countries.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of clean semiring as a generalization of clean ring. A semiring is said to be clean if its every nonzero element can be written as the sum of an idempotent and a unit. We study the notion of clean semiring and obtain some important characterizations of clean semiring. We also study the notion of exchange semiring and find out the connenction between clean semiring and exchange semiring.

Frequency in power system is major parameter which shows the balance between power generation and consumption. If load exceeds the generation, frequency decreases and if load lack the generation minus losses, frequency increases. Underfrequency and overfrequency relays are first line of defense in power system that detects these abnormal conditions of power system and initiates corrective action as quickly as possible in order to maintain the power system in its normal and stable state. Microprocessor/microcontroller-based frequency relays are preferred over solid-state relays due to their programming approach; however, these relays are sequential in nature. The consecutive application of these tasks results in enhance the computational time and destructively affect the overall performance of the relay. In this paper concurrent architecture-based multifunction frequency relay, i.e., underfrequency and overfrequency are implemented on GENESYS XILINX VIRTEX-5 XC5VLX50T FPGA board with help of IP (Intellectual Properties) cores in VHDL. Proposed relay works on concurrent sense-process-communicated cycles. Test results are obtained with help of HONALEC 360 km 400 kV Transmission Line Hardware Simulator and commutated to serially/IP communication facility.

The kagome lattice1, which is the most prominent structural motif in quantum physics, benefits from inherent non-trivial geometry so that it can host diverse quantum phases, ranging from spin-liquid phases, to topological matter, to intertwined orders2–8and, most rarely, to unconventional superconductivity6,9. Recently, charge sensitive probes have indicated that the kagome superconductors AV3Sb5(A= K, Rb, Cs)9–11exhibit unconventional chiral charge order12–19, which is analogous to the long-sought-after quantum order in the Haldane model20or Varma model21. However, direct evidence for the time-reversal symmetry breaking of the charge order remains elusive. Here we use muon spin relaxation to probe the kagome charge order and superconductivity in KV3Sb5. We observe a noticeable enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon ensemble, which takes place just below the charge ordering temperature and persists into the superconducting state. Notably, the muon spin relaxation rate below the charge ordering temperature is substantially enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. We further show the multigap nature of superconductivity in KV3Sb5and that the Tc/λab−2ratio (where Tcis the superconducting transition temperature and λabis the magnetic penetration depth in the kagome plane) is comparable to those of unconventional high-temperature superconductors. Our results point to time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order intertwining with unconventional superconductivity in the correlated kagome lattice.

ABSTRACTA thermal barrier coating (TBC) consisting of platinum-aluminide bond coat and 7wt-% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) ceramic top coat deposited by electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) system cast Ni-base superalloy CM-247LC. The erosion behaviour of the EB-PVD and air plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs are compared. The APS TBC consists of 7YSZ top coat and CoNiCrAlY bond coat on Inconel 738 substrate. Erosion responses of TBCs have been examined as a function of temperature. The erosion rate of EB-PVD TBC was significantly lower than that of APS TBC. Erosion rate of EB-PVD TBC decreased with test temperature. APS TBC exhibits mostly temperature independent erosion rate. The material removal mechanism of EB-PVD TBC was by the formation of parallel cracks in the ceramic layer close to its surface and their subsequent joining. The material is removed by propagation of subsurface cracks along the splat boundaries in case of APS TBC.

Balarista is a fermented ayurvedic liquid preparation recommended as a good therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present investigation, the anti-arthritic activity of in-house Balarista formulation and marketed M1, M2, M3 and M4 Balarista formulations at the dose of 2.31 ml/kg were studied on Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.

Hydrodynamic forces on a submerged cylinder in uniform finite depth ice-covered water is formulated by using the method of multipoles, the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. The forces (vertical and horizontal) are obtained analytically as well as numerically and depicted graphically for various values of flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of its presence. When the flexural rigidity and surface density of the ice-cover are taken to be zero, then the curves for the forces almost coincide with the curves for the case of uniform finite depth water with free surface.

The controlled incorporation of defect species in amorphous oxide (AO) for regulating charge transport properties is highly demanding and challenging, especially for resistive switching (RS) memories. Here, we use pulsed electron beam deposition technique to engineer the growth of AO films, which show a large decrease (∼33%) in the t2g–eggap. Our collective experiments and density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio simulations reveal the presence of undercoordinated TiO5units, causing a decrease in the t2g–eggap. Further, the importance of TiO5in facilitating excess electron localization is demonstrated, showing an evolution of a broad defect band within the energy gap. The origin of this band (singly charged oxygen vacancy) is resolutely established by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and is also supported by calculated partial charge density and Bader charge analysis. The preeminence of singly charged oxygen vacancies cause a low-current level (up to 1–5 nA) RS operation with a gradual change of resistance states, which could set their path for the energy-efficient neuromorphic computing application. Finally, a new model based on probabilistic Markov chain algorithm is also developed to unfold the gradual change of resistance states from the fundamental defect interaction perspective.

•Renewable energy power generation primarily Solar Energy is increasing to reduce the carbon foot prints .•Solar Photovoltaic plant needs enormous amount of land that will enhance the competition of land for the crop cultivation•Agrovoltaic approach (APV), which enables solar photovoltaic power generation and agricultural operations on the same land by providing elevated structures for solar panel accommodation for power generation and the capability for agriculture operations to be carried out on the ground beneath the solar panels•This approach needs to study from the economic point of view to find out the success of this idea.•In this research paper economic parameters relevant to agriculture and the Solar power plant is Studied .•Economic Comparison of Ground mounted Solar power plant and Solar agriculture farm of same capacity is studied.

Polymers degrade rapidly in low-Earth orbit (LEO) due to extreme thermal cycling, solar radiation, micrometeoroid and orbital micro-debris impact, and the synergistic erosive effects of atomic oxygen (AO) with UV radiation. In this work, we investigate the synergistic effect of (AO+UV)-induced erosion and high-velocity impact damage on a tough thermoset, polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), via erosion yield measurements after a long-term LEO exposure in the ram orientation aboard the International Space Station (ISS) followed by ground-based hypervelocity impact tests. The incorporation of SiO2nanoparticles reduces the AO-erosion rate by an order of magnitude, while also mitigating the associated degradation of surface mechanical properties. Moreover, the resistance of pDCPD to AO-erosion increases with crosslink density. Hypervelocity impact tests using sub-millimeter laser-driven flyer plates launched at 4.5 km s−1reveal that pDCPD has higher impact resistance than epoxies with comparable erosion resistance. Interestingly, both epoxy and pDCPD exhibit a statistically insignificant change in impact resistance following surface AO-erosion during direct exposure to space vehicle ram conditions (7.8 km s−1) in LEO.

Byline: D. Das, J. Misra Maxillary permanent incisors impaction is not a frequent case in dental practice, but its treatment is challenging because of its importance to facial esthetics. Supernumerary [...]

AbstractA new species, Trichaitophorus acerifoliussp. nov. infesting Acersp. in Bhutan is described. A key to 15 species infesting different species of Acerin the Himalaya is provided.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:Isid:zoobank.org:act:C1E4EFED-70F6-4E6D-844F-2BE62EB741F5

Dielectric barium titanate-based perovskite (BaTiO3) has emerged as one of the most popular multilayer ceramic materials for its versatile properties. However, the intrinsic properties, particularly the dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electrical properties of natural barium titanate perovskite (BTP) are not as attractive as required for its multifunctional applications. In recent years, the doping technique has been widely studied for improving the desirable properties of BTP ceramic to expand its practical applications in various advanced technologies. Considering the latest research and developments, this review aims to discuss the synthesis techniques of hetero-atom doped BTP, together with doping status, such as doping sites, doped content, and surface-to-volume ratio. We also critically analyze the effects of co-factors (e.g., sintering temperature, grain size, Curie temperature, and compositions of hetero-atoms) on the structural, and electronic properties of BTP. In addition, optimization of the doping requirements for obtaining the desired improvements of the target properties is also discussed, coupled with providing a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis pathways. Subsequently, diverse applications of the heteroatom-doped BTP are exemplified. Finally, major challenges and future outlooks are highlighted from the perspective of different applications of BTP.

The role of defects in multifunctional materials and defect engineering are fascinating to scientific community. To understand the role of oxygen vacancies in photoluminescence (PL) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), thoria samples were prepared with Eu3+doping and Nb5+codoping. The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscpy (PALS) showed the increase in the oxygen vacancies in thoria upon trivalent Eu3+doping and their removal upon codoping with Nb5+. This is in concordance with increase in nearest oxygen neighbours to Eu3+and Th4+upon Nb5+codoping as revealed by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). Oxygen vacancy removal on Nb5+ codoping manifested in restoration of symmetry around Eu3+and enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensities giving very bright red emission while the oxygen vacancy rich thoria samples aided the electrochemical ORR. The studies showed that the concentration of the oxygen vacancies can be tuned upon the judicious choice and concentration of the aliovalent dopant and codopant depending on the envisaged functionality of the material.

Novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) can target mechanism(s) in the host-MM bone marrow (BM) microenvironment mediating MM progression and chemoresistance. Our studies showed increased numbers of tumor-promoting, immunosuppressive and drug-resistant plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the MM BM microenvironment. pDC-MM cell interactions upregulate interleukin-3 (IL-3), which stimulates both pDC survival and MM cell growth. Since IL-3 R is highly expressed on pDCs in the MM BM milieu, we here targeted pDCs using a novel IL-3 R-targeted therapeutic SL-401. In both in vitroand in vivomodels of MM in its BM milieu, SL-401 decreases viability of pDCs, blocks pDC-induced MM cell growth, and synergistically enhances anti-MM activity of bortezomib and pomalidomide. Besides promoting pDC survival and MM cell growth, IL-3 also mediates progression of osteolytic bone disease in MM. Osteoclast (OCL) progenitor cells express IL-3 R, and we show that SL-401 abrogates monocyte-derived OCL formation and bone resorption. Finally, we show that SL-401 also decreases the viability of IL-3 R-expressing cancer stem-like cells in MM. Overall, our study provides the preclinical basis for clinical trials of SL-401 to block pDC-induced MM cell growth, inhibit osteoclastogenesis and target MM stem-like cell subpopulations to improve patient outcome in MM.

IN PART 1 of this article, the authors explored the different uses and design aspects of stepped spillways, including energy dissipation, aeration and gas abutment and determination of point of [...]

RECENT advances in technology have permitted the construction of large high dams and large storage reservoirs. These advances have necessitated the development of new design and construction techniques, particularly pertaining [...]

Proteasome inhibition is an effective therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) patients; however, the emergence of drug resistance is common. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance are needed. In this study, we examined whether targeting deubiquitylating (DUB) enzymes upstream of 20S proteasome overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance. Gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical studies of MM patient bone marrow, reverse transcription–PCR and protein analysis show that Rpn11/POH1, a DUB enzyme upstream of 20S proteasome, is more highly expressed in patient MM cells than in normal plasma cells. Importantly, Rpn11 expression directly correlates with poor patient survival. Loss-of-function studies show that Rpn11-siRNA knockdown decreases MM cell viability. Pharmacological inhibition of Rpn11 with O-phenanthroline (OPA) blocks cellular proteasome function, induces apoptosis in MM cells and overcomes resistance to proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Mechanistically, Rpn11 inhibition in MM cells activates caspase cascade and endoplasmic stress response signaling. Human MM xenograft model studies demonstrate that OPA treatment reduces progression of tumor growth and prolongs survival in mice. Finally, blockade of Rpn11 increases the cytotoxic activity of anti-MM agents lenalidomide, pomalidomide or dexamethasone. Overall, our preclinical data provide the rationale for targeting DUB enzyme Rpn11 upstream of 20S proteasome to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance in MM.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and particularly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidemia are prevalent in Assam, India. This study was undertaken to investigate whether Apolipoprotein A-I(APOA1) gene polymorphisms (G-75A and C+83T) were associated with i) the risk for decreased HDL-C, and ii) other CVD risk factors, viz. serum lipids, atherogenic indices, obesity, and blood pressure (BP). A total of 649 subjects were screened, from which 200 eligible individuals, classified as case group with decreased HDL-C levels (100 subjects) and control group with normal HDL-C levels (100 subjects) were enrolled and genotyped using polymersase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Lipid fractions [HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG)] and atherogenic indices [Castelli’s Risk Indices-I and -II (CRI-I and -II), non-HDL-C fraction, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were estimated. The G-75A and C+83T loci were not associated with decreased HDL-C risk. This was confirmed across different genetic models (dominant, recessive, additive and allelic). Association was also absent with BP and obesity. However, the G-75A locus was associated with LDL-C, whereas the C+83T locus was associated with TG and VLDL-C. Furthermore, these sites had effects on atherogenic indices. The rare A allele at the G-75A locus was associated with adverse CRI-I, CRI-II, non-HDL-C and AC values, while the major C allele at the C+83T locus was associated with adverse AIP values. Thus, the pro-atherogenic G-75A polymorphism and the anti-atherogenic C+83T polymorphism represent important genetic loci that modulate CVD risk factors in subjects from Assam.

Developing monitoring strategies for the detection and monitoring of possible CO2leakage or migration from existing and anticipated storage media are important because they can provide an early warning of unplanned CO2leakage from a storage site. While previous works have concentrated on silicate and carbonate porous media, this work explores geoelectrical techniques in basalt medium in a series of well-defined laboratory experiments. These were carried out to identify the key factors which affect geoelectrical monitoring technique of CO2in porous media using low cost and efficient time domain reflectometry (TDR). The system has been set up for simultaneous measurement of the bulk electrical conductivity and bulk dielectric permittivity of CO2-water-porous media system in silica sand, basalt and limestone. Factors investigated include pH, pressure, temperature, salinity, salt type and the materials of the porous media. Results show that the bulk electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity decrease as water saturation decreases. Noticeably, electrical conductivity and permittivity decrease due to the changes in water saturation and the relationship remains the highest in limestone except at the start of the experiment. Also, an increase in temperature, pressure and salinity tend to increase the bulk electrical conductivity (σb) and permittivity (εb) of the CO2-water-porous media system during the drainage experiment. On the other hand, pH and concentrations of different types of salt do not seem to have significant effect on the geoelectrical characteristics of the system. It was evident that Archie’s equation fit the experimental results well and the parameters obtained were in good agreement with those in the literatures. The regression shows a good reliability in the prediction of electrical properties during the monitoring process of CO2sequestration.

An important factor to enhance the efficiency and productivity of advanced manufacturing processes is to improve the wear resistance (WR) of tool steels. Cryotreatment in recent years has established itself as a relatively inexpensive additional step in conventional heat treatment schedule that can substantially improve the WR of tool steels. This report highlights the state of understanding of this emerging process with an emphasis on illustrating the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhancement of WR of tool steels. Cryotreatment almost completely removes retained austenite and induces favourable precipitation of refined secondary carbides with improved distribution. These benefits, if harnessed suitably, are capable of providing significant improvement in both productivity and product quality leading to an efficient economy of manufacturing.

Oxygen vacancy (OV) controlled hydrophobicity of self-assembled TiO2nanorods (NRs) on chemically etched Si pyramids is investigated by irradiating with 50 keV Ar+-ions at room temperature. Apparent contact angle (CA) is found to increase from 122° to 141° up to a fluence of 1 × 1015ions/cm2, followed by a gradual reduction to 130° at 1 × 1017ions/cm2. However, the drop in apparent CA is found to be associated with the decrease in fractional surface area via transformation of NRs to an amorphous layer above 1 × 1015ions/cm2, though it is still higher than that of as-grown one. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements suggest that the control of hydrophobic behavior is related to the suppression of surface free energy via migration of OVs into the voids in TiOxlayers.

Decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) content is considered a key constraint for sustenance of rice–wheat system (RWS) productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. We, therefore, studied the effects of fertilisers and manures on SOC pools, and their relationships with crop yields after 18 years of continuous RWS. Total organic C increased significantly with the integrated use of fertilisers and organic sources (from 13 to 16.03gkg-1) compared with unfertilised control (11.5gkg-1) or sole fertiliser (NPKZn; 12.17gkg-1) treatment at 0–7.5cm soil depth. Averaged across soil depths, labile fractions like microbial biomass C (MBC) and permanganate-oxidisable C (PmOC) were generally higher in treatments that received farmyard manure (FYM), sulfitation pressmud (SPM) or green gram residue (GR) along with NPK fertiliser, ranging from 192 to 276mgkg-1 and from 0.60 to 0.75gkg-1 respectively compared with NPKZn and NPK+cereal residue (CR) treatments, in which MBC and PmOC ranged from 118 to 170mgkg-1 and from 0.43 to 0.57gkg-1 respectively. Oxidisable organic C fractions revealed that very labile C and labile C fractions were much larger in the NPK+FYM or NPK+GR+FYM treatments, whereas the less-labile C and non-labile C fractions were larger under control and NPK+CR treatments. On average, Walkley–Black C, PmOC and MBC contributed 29–46%, 4.7–6.6% and 1.16–2.40% towards TOC respectively. Integrated plant nutrient supply options, except NPK+CR, also produced sustainable high yields of RWS.

The cyclic oxidation performance of a Fe–Cr-modified silicide coating on Nb-alloy C-103 was evaluated in air at temperatures between 1100 and 1500°C and the microstructural changes examined. The coating was oxidation resistant and the duration of protection increased from 60 minutes at 1100°C to 255 minutes at 1500°C. The formation of the surface glassy silica layer and its ability to heal the cracks in the coating enhanced the oxidation performance at high temperatures. The outer NbSi2layer served as a reservoir of Si and sustained the formation of the protective silica scale. Spallation of the silica scale and the concomitant depletion of the NbSi2layer towards the regeneration of the silica scale limit the oxidation life of the coating.

The hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment confers growth/survival and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Novel therapies targeting the MM cell in its hypoxic BM milieu may overcome drug resistance. Recent studies led to the development of a novel molecule RRx-001 with hypoxia-selective epigenetic and nitric oxide-donating properties. Here, we demonstrate that RRx-001 decreases the viability of MM cell lines and primary patient cells, as well as overcomes drug resistance. RRx-001 inhibits MM cell growth in the presence of BM stromal cells. RRx-001-induced apoptosis is associated with: (i) activation of caspases; (ii) release of ROS and nitrogen species; (iii) induction of DNA damage via ATM/?-H2AX; and (iv) decrease in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and global methylation. RNA interference study shows a predominant role of DNMT1 in MM cell survival versus DNMT3a or DNMT3b. The deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 stimulates DNMT1 activity, and conversely, USP7-siRNA reduced DNMT1 activity and decreased MM cell viability. RRx-001 plus USP7 inhibitor P5091 triggered synergistic anti-MM activity. MM xenograft studies show that RRx-001 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth and enhances survival. Combining RRx-001 with pomalidomide, bortezomib or SAHA induces synergistic anti-MM activity. Our results provide the rationale for translation of RRx-001, either alone or in combination, to clinical evaluation in MM.

A chemical reaction is often characterized by multiple time scales governing the kinetics of reactants, products and intermediates. We eliminate the fast relaxing intermediates in autocatalytic reaction by transforming the original system into a new one in which the linearized part is diagonal. This allows us to reduce the dynamical system by identifying the associated time scales and subsequent adiabatic elimination of the fast modes. It has been shown that the reduced system sustains the robust qualitative signatures of the original system and at times the generic form of the return map for the chaotic system from which complex dynamics stems out in the original system can be identified. We illustrate the scheme for a three-variable cubic autocatalytic reaction and four-variable peroxidase-oxidase reaction.

In this study, a hassle- free, rapid, and green synthesis of a novel fluorosensor CuI@graphene nanocomposite (CuI@Gr) is described for antibody-free optical sensing of prostate- specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of prostate cancer. Herein, we report enhanced efficacy of the prepared CuI@Gr nanoparticles by fabricating the surface of graphene nanoplatelets with CuI to sense PSA in serum medium using fluorescence spectroscopy with a ten-fold lower limit of detection (LOD) value as 0.331 pg/mL as compared to CuI nanoparticles with a linear range of detection 0.5–5 pg/mL. Moreover, CuI@Gr nanoparticles were found to have higher efficacy in the detection of PSA in the presence of 10 mM concentrations of individual interfering biomolecules such as glucose and cholesterol, which are present in serum due to different comorbidities such as diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. Significant improvement in the LOD values was obtained in case of comorbidities as compared to the normal condition with LOD values ranging from 0.189–0.331 pg/mL. Hence, our low-cost fluorosensor makes this detection method a sensitive as well as a specific one for the clinical diagnosis of patients having prostate cancer even having other pathophysiological conditions.

Abstract: Composites of nanometre-sized copper core-copper oxide shell with diameters in the range 6.1 to 7.3 nm dispersed in a silica gel were synthesised by a technique comprising reduction followed by oxidation of a suitably chosen precursor gel. The hot pressed gel powders mixed with nanometre-sized copper particles dispersed in silica gel showed electrical resistivities several orders of magnitude lower than that of the precursor gel. Electrical resistivities of the different specimens were measured over the temperature range 30 to 300°C. Activation energies for the coreshell nanostructured composites were found to be a fraction of that of the precursor gel. Such dramatic changes are ascribed to the presence of an interfacial amorphous phase. The resistivity variation as a function of temperature was analysed on the basis of Mott’s small polaron hopping conduction model. The effective dielectric constant of the interfacial phase as extracted from the data analysis was found to be much higher than that of the precursor glass. This has been explained as arising from the generation of very high pressure at the interface due to the oxidation step to which the copper nanoparticles are subjected.

Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an effective therapy for relapsed and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM); however, dose-limiting toxicities and the development of resistance can limit its long-term utility. Recent research has focused on targeting ubiquitin receptors upstream of 20S proteasome, with the aim of generating less toxic therapies. Here we show that 19S proteasome-associated ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 is more highly expressed in MM cells than in normal plasma cells. Rpn13-siRNA (small interfering RNA) decreases MM cell viability. A novel agent RA190 targets Rpn13 and inhibits proteasome function, without blocking the proteasome activity or the 19S deubiquitylating activity. CRISPR/Cas9 Rpn13-knockout demonstrates that RA190-induced activity is dependent on Rpn13. RA190 decreases viability in MM cell lines and patient MM cells, inhibits proliferation of MM cells even in the presence of bone marrow stroma and overcomes bortezomib resistance. Anti-MM activity of RA190 is associated with induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and unfolded protein response-related apoptosis. MM xenograft model studies show that RA190 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival. Combining RA190 with bortezomib, lenalidomide or pomalidomide induces synergistic anti-MM activity. Our preclinical data validates targeting Rpn13 to overcome bortezomib resistance, and provides the framework for clinical evaluation of Rpn13 inhibitors, alone or in combination, to improve patient outcome in MM.

O1 The metabolomics approach to autism: identification of biomarkers for early detection of autism spectrum disorder A. K. Srivastava, Y. Wang, R. Huang, C. Skinner, T. Thompson, L. Pollard, T. Wood, F. Luo, R. Stevenson O2 Phenome-wide association study for smoking- and drinking-associated genes in 26,394 American women with African, Asian, European, and Hispanic descents R. Polimanti, J. Gelernter O3 Effects of prenatal environment, genotype and DNA methylation on birth weight and subsequent postnatal outcomes: findings from GUSTO, an Asian birth cohort X. Lin, I. Y. Lim, Y. Wu, A. L. Teh, L. Chen, I. M. Aris, S. E. Soh, M. T. Tint, J. L. MacIsaac, F. Yap, K. Kwek, S. M. Saw, M. S. Kobor, M. J. Meaney, K. M. Godfrey, Y. S. Chong, J. D. Holbrook, Y. S. Lee, P. D. Gluckman, N. Karnani, GUSTO study group O4 High-throughput identification of specific qt interval modulating enhancers at the SCN5A locus A. Kapoor, D. Lee, A. Chakravarti O5 Identification of extracellular matrix components inducing cancer cell migration in the supernatant of cultivated mesenchymal stem cells C. Maercker, F. Graf, M. Boutros O6 Single cell allele specific expression (ASE) IN T21 and common trisomies: a novel approach to understand DOWN syndrome and other aneuploidies G. Stamoulis, F. Santoni, P. Makrythanasis, A. Letourneau, M. Guipponi, N. Panousis, M. Garieri, P. Ribaux, E. Falconnet, C. Borel, S. E. Antonarakis O7 Role of microRNA in LCL to IPSC reprogramming S. Kumar, J. Curran, J. Blangero O8 Multiple enhancer variants disrupt gene regulatory network in Hirschsprung disease S. Chatterjee, A. Kapoor, J. Akiyama, D. Auer, C. Berrios, L. Pennacchio, A. Chakravarti O9 Metabolomic profiling for the diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders T. R. Donti, G. Cappuccio, M. Miller, P. Atwal, A. Kennedy, A. Cardon, C. Bacino, L. Emrick, J. Hertecant, F. Baumer, B. Porter, M. Bainbridge, P. Bonnen, B. Graham, R. Sutton, Q. Sun, S. Elsea O10 A novel causal methylation network approach to Alzheimer’s disease Z. Hu, P. Wang, Y. Zhu, J. Zhao, M. Xiong, David A Bennett O11 A microRNA signature identifies subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer and reveals MIR-342-3P as regulator of a lactate metabolic pathway A. Hidalgo-Miranda, S. Romero-Cordoba, S. Rodriguez-Cuevas, R. Rebollar-Vega, E. Tagliabue, M. Iorio, E. D’Ippolito, S. Baroni O12 Transcriptome analysis identifies genes, enhancer RNAs and repetitive elements that are recurrently deregulated across multiple cancer types B. Kaczkowski, Y. Tanaka, H. Kawaji, A. Sandelin, R. Andersson, M. Itoh, T. Lassmann, the FANTOM5 consortium, Y. Hayashizaki, P. Carninci, A. R. R. Forrest O13 Elevated mutation and widespread loss of constraint at regulatory and architectural binding sites across 11 tumour types C. A. Semple O14 Exome sequencing provides evidence of pathogenicity for genes implicated in colorectal cancer E. A. Rosenthal, B. Shirts, L. Amendola, C. Gallego, M. Horike-Pyne, A. Burt, P. Robertson, P. Beyers, C. Nefcy, D. Veenstra, F. Hisama, R. Bennett, M. Dorschner, D. Nickerson, J. Smith, K. Patterson, D. Crosslin, R. Nassir, N. Zubair, T. Harrison, U. Peters, G. Jarvik, NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project O15 The tandem duplicator phenotype as a distinct genomic configuration in cancer F. Menghi, K. Inaki, X. Woo, P. Kumar, K. Grzeda, A. Malhotra, H. Kim, D. Ucar, P. Shreckengast, K. Karuturi, J. Keck, J. Chuang, E. T. Liu O16 Modeling genetic interactions associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer B. Ji, A. Tyler, G. Ananda, G. Carter O17 Recurrent somatic mutation in the MYC associated factor X in brain tumors H. Nikbakht, M. Montagne, M. Zeinieh, A. Harutyunyan, M. Mcconechy, N. Jabado, P. Lavigne, J. Majewski O18 Predictive biomarkers to metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment J. B. Goldstein, M. Overman, G. Varadhachary, R. Shroff, R. Wolff, M. Javle, A. Futreal, D. Fogelman O19 DDIT4 gene expression as a prognostic marker in several malignant tumors L. Bravo, W. Fajardo, H. Gomez, C. Castaneda, C. Rolfo, J. A. Pinto O20 Spatial organization of the genome and genomic alterations in human cancers K. C. Akdemir, L. Chin, A. Futreal, ICGC PCAWG Structural Alterations Group O21 Landscape of targeted therapies in solid tumors S. Patterson, C. Statz, S. Mockus O22 Genomic analysis reveals novel drivers and progression pathways in skin basal cell carcinoma S. N. Nikolaev, X. I. Bonilla, L. Parmentier, B. King, F. Bezrukov, G. Kaya, V. Zoete, V. Seplyarskiy, H. Sharpe, T. McKee, A. Letourneau, P. Ribaux, K. Popadin, N. Basset-Seguin, R. Ben Chaabene, F. Santoni, M. Andrianova, M. Guipponi, M. Garieri, C. Verdan, K. Grosdemange, O. Sumara, M. Eilers, I. Aifantis, O. Michielin, F. de Sauvage, S. Antonarakis O23 Identification of differential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma via transcriptome microarray meta-analysis S. Likhitrattanapisal O24 Clinical validity and actionability of multigene tests for hereditary cancers in a large multi-center study S. Lincoln, A. Kurian, A. Desmond, S. Yang, Y. Kobayashi, J. Ford, L. Ellisen O25 Correlation with tumor ploidy status is essential for correct determination of genome-wide copy number changes by SNP array T. L. Peters, K. R. Alvarez, E. F. Hollingsworth, D. H. Lopez-Terrada O26 Nanochannel based next-generation mapping for interrogation of clinically relevant structural variation A. Hastie, Z. Dzakula, A. W. Pang, E. T. Lam, T. Anantharaman, M. Saghbini, H. Cao, BioNano Genomics O27 Mutation spectrum in a pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cohort and identification of associated truncating mutations in TBX4 C. Gonzaga-Jauregui, L. Ma, A. King, E. Berman Rosenzweig, U. Krishnan, J. G. Reid, J. D. Overton, F. Dewey, W. K. Chung O28 NORTH CAROLINA macular dystrophy (MCDR1): mutations found affecting PRDM13 K. Small, A. DeLuca, F. Cremers, R. A. Lewis, V. Puech, B. Bakall, R. Silva-Garcia, K. Rohrschneider, M. Leys, F. S. Shaya, E. Stone O29 PhenoDB and genematcher, solving unsolved whole exome sequencing data N. L. Sobreira, F. Schiettecatte, H. Ling, E. Pugh, D. Witmer, K. Hetrick, P. Zhang, K. Doheny, D. Valle, A. Hamosh O30 Baylor-Johns Hopkins Center for Mendelian genomics: a four year review S. N. Jhangiani, Z. Coban Akdemir, M. N. Bainbridge, W. Charng, W. Wiszniewski, T. Gambin, E. Karaca, Y. Bayram, M. K. Eldomery, J. Posey, H. Doddapaneni, J. Hu, V. R. Sutton, D. M. Muzny, E. A. Boerwinkle, D. Valle, J. R. Lupski, R. A. Gibbs O31 Using read overlap assembly to accurately identify structural genetic differences in an ashkenazi jewish trio S. Shekar, W. Salerno, A. English, A. Mangubat, J. Bruestle O32 Legal interoperability: a sine qua non for international data sharing A. Thorogood, B. M. Knoppers, Global Alliance for Genomics and Health - Regulatory and Ethics Working Group O33 High throughput screening platform of competent sineups: that can enhance translation activities of therapeutic target H. Takahashi, K. R. Nitta, A. Kozhuharova, A. M. Suzuki, H. Sharma, D. Cotella, C. Santoro, S. Zucchelli, S. Gustincich, P. Carninci O34 The undiagnosed diseases network international (UDNI): clinical and laboratory research to meet patient needs J. J. Mulvihill, G. Baynam, W. Gahl, S. C. Groft, K. Kosaki, P. Lasko, B. Melegh, D. Taruscio O36 Performance of computational algorithms in pathogenicity predictions for activating variants in oncogenes versus loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes R. Ghosh, S. Plon O37 Identification and electronic health record incorporation of clinically actionable pharmacogenomic variants using prospective targeted sequencing S. Scherer, X. Qin, R. Sanghvi, K. Walker, T. Chiang, D. Muzny, L. Wang, J. Black, E. Boerwinkle, R. 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Leimgruber O43 Cpipe: a convergent clinical exome pipeline specialised for targeted sequencing S. Sadedin, A. Oshlack, Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance O44 A Bayesian classification of biomedical images using feature extraction from deep neural networks implemented on lung cancer data V. A. A. Antonio, N. Ono, Clark Kendrick C. Go O45 MAV-SEQ: an interactive platform for the Management, Analysis, and Visualization of sequence data Z. Ahmed, M. Bolisetty, S. Zeeshan, E. Anguiano, D. Ucar O47 Allele specific enhancer in EPAS1 intronic regions may contribute to high altitude adaptation of Tibetans C. Zeng, J. Shao O48 Nanochannel based next-generation mapping for structural variation detection and comparison in trios and populations H. Cao, A. Hastie, A. W. Pang, E. T. Lam, T. Liang, K. Pham, M. Saghbini, Z. Dzakula O49 Archaic introgression in indigenous populations of Malaysia revealed by whole genome sequencing Y. Chee-Wei, L. Dongsheng, W. Lai-Ping, D. Lian, R. O. Twee Hee, Y. Yunus, F. Aghakhanian, S. S. Mokhtar, C. V. Lok-Yung, J. Bhak, M. Phipps, X. Shuhua, T. Yik-Ying, V. Kumar, H. Boon-Peng O50 Breast and ovarian cancer prevention: is it time for population-based mutation screening of high risk genes? I. Campbell, M.-A. Young, P. James, Lifepool O53 Comprehensive coverage from low DNA input using novel NGS library preparation methods for WGS and WGBS C. Schumacher, S. Sandhu, T. Harkins, V. Makarov O54 Methods for large scale construction of robust PCR-free libraries for sequencing on Illumina HiSeqX platform H. DoddapaneniR. Glenn, Z. Momin, B. Dilrukshi, H. Chao, Q. Meng, B. Gudenkauf, R. Kshitij, J. Jayaseelan, C. Nessner, S. Lee, K. Blankenberg, L. Lewis, J. Hu, Y. Han, H. Dinh, S. Jireh, K. Walker, E. Boerwinkle, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs O55 Rapid capture methods for clinical sequencing J. Hu, K. Walker, C. Buhay, X. Liu, Q. Wang, R. Sanghvi, H. Doddapaneni, Y. Ding, N. Veeraraghavan, Y. Yang, E. Boerwinkle, A. L. Beaudet, C. M. Eng, D. M. Muzny, R. A. Gibbs O56 A diploid personal human genome model for better genomes from diverse sequence data K. C. C. Worley, Y. Liu, D. S. T. Hughes, S. C. Murali, R. A. Harris, A. C. English, X. Qin, O. A. Hampton, P. Larsen, C. Beck, Y. Han, M. Wang, H. Doddapaneni, C. L. Kovar, W. J. Salerno, A. Yoder, S. Richards, J. Rogers, J. R. Lupski, D. M. Muzny, R. A. Gibbs O57 Development of PacBio long range capture for detection of pathogenic structural variants Q. Meng, M. Bainbridge, M. Wang, H. Doddapaneni, Y. Han, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs O58 Rhesus macaques exhibit more non-synonymous variation but greater impact of purifying selection than humans R. A. Harris, M. Raveenedran, C. Xue, M. Dahdouli, L. Cox, G. Fan, B. Ferguson, J. Hovarth, Z. Johnson, S. Kanthaswamy, M. Kubisch, M. Platt, D. Smith, E. Vallender, R. Wiseman, X. Liu, J. Below, D. Muzny, R. Gibbs, F. Yu, J. Rogers O59 Assessing RNA structure disruption induced by single-nucleotide variation J. Lin, Y. Zhang, Z. Ouyang P1 A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of mitochondrial dna copy number A. Moore, Z. Wang, J. Hofmann, M. Purdue, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, S. Weinstein, D. Albanes, C.-S. Liu, W.-L. Cheng, T.-T. Lin, Q. Lan, N. Rothman, S. Berndt P2 Missense polymorphic genetic combinations underlying down syndrome susceptibility E. S. Chen P4 The evaluation of alteration of ELAM-1 expression in the endometriosis patients H. Bahrami, A. Khoshzaban, S. Heidari Keshal P5 Obesity and the incidence of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in an assorted population from Saudi Arabia population K. K. R. Alharbi P6 Genome-associated personalized antithrombotical therapy for patients with high risk of thrombosis and bleeding M. Zhalbinova, A. Akilzhanova, S. Rakhimova, M. Bekbosynova, S. Myrzakhmetova P7 Frequency of Xmn1 polymorphism among sickle cell carrier cases in UAE population M. 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Abduljaleel P13 Digital expression profiling of Purkinje neurons and dendrites in different subcellular compartments A. Kratz, P. Beguin, S. Poulain, M. Kaneko, C. Takahiko, A. Matsunaga, S. Kato, A. M. Suzuki, N. Bertin, T. Lassmann, R. Vigot, P. Carninci, C. Plessy, T. Launey P14 The evolution of imperfection and imperfection of evolution: the functional and functionless fractions of the human genome D. Graur P16 Species-independent identification of known and novel recurrent genomic entities in multiple cancer patients J. Friis-Nielsen, J. M. Izarzugaza, S. Brunak P18 Discovery of active gene modules which are densely conserved across multiple cancer types reveal their prognostic power and mutually exclusive mutation patterns B. S. Soibam P19 Whole exome sequencing of dysplastic leukoplakia tissue indicates sequential accumulation of somatic mutations from oral precancer to cancer D. Das, N. Biswas, S. Das, S. Sarkar, A. Maitra, C. Panda, P. Majumder P21 Epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogensis by hereditary breast cancer genes J. J. Gruber, N. Jaeger, M. Snyder P22 RNA direct: a novel RNA enrichment strategy applied to transcripts associated with solid tumors K. Patel, S. Bowman, T. Davis, D. Kraushaar, A. Emerman, S. Russello, N. Henig, C. Hendrickson P23 RNA sequencing identifies gene mutations for neuroblastoma K. Zhang P24 Participation of SFRP1 in the modulation of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene in prostate cancer cell lines M. Rodriguez-Dorantes, C. D. Cruz-Hernandez, C. D. P. Garcia-Tobilla, S. Solorzano-Rosales P25 Targeted Methylation Sequencing of Prostate Cancer N. Jäger, J. Chen, R. Haile, M. Hitchins, J. D. Brooks, M. Snyder P26 Mutant TPMT alleles in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from México City and Yucatán, Mexico S. Jiménez-Morales, M. Ramírez, J. Nuñez, V. Bekker, Y. Leal, E. Jiménez, A. Medina, A. Hidalgo, J. Mejía P28 Genetic modifiers of Alström syndrome J. Naggert, G. B. Collin, K. DeMauro, R. 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Zhang, A. Schuh, T. Stockley, S. Kamel-Reid P36 Accessing genomic evidence for clinical variants at NCBI S. Sherry, C. Xiao, D. Slotta, K. Rodarmer, M. Feolo, M. Kimelman, G. Godynskiy, C. O’Sullivan, E. Yaschenko P37 NGS-SWIFT: a cloud-based variant analysis framework using control-accessed sequencing data from DBGAP/SRA C. Xiao, E. Yaschenko, S. Sherry P38 Computational assessment of drug induced hepatotoxicity through gene expression profiling C. Rangel-Escareño, H. Rueda-Zarate P40 Flowr: robust and efficient pipelines using a simple language-agnostic approach;ultraseq; fast modular pipeline for somatic variation calling using flowr S. Seth, S. Amin, X. Song, X. Mao, H. Sun, R. G. Verhaak, A. Futreal, J. Zhang P41 Applying “Big data” technologies to the rapid analysis of heterogenous large cohort data S. J. Whiite, T. Chiang, A. English, J. Farek, Z. Kahn, W. Salerno, N. Veeraraghavan, E. Boerwinkle, R. 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Polfus, CHARGE and NHLBI Exome Sequence Project Working Groups P48 Association of adipoq gene with type 2 diabetes and related phenotypes in african american men and women: The jackson heart study S. Davis, R. Xu, S. Gebeab, P Riestra, A Gaye, R. Khan, J. Wilson, A. Bidulescu P49 Common variants in casr gene are associated with serum calcium levels in koreans S. H. Jung, N. Vinayagamoorthy, S. H. Yim, Y. J. Chung P50 Inference of multiple-wave population admixture by modeling decay of linkage disequilibrium with multiple exponential functions Y. Zhou, S. Xu P51 A Bayesian framework for generalized linear mixed models in genome-wide association studies X. Wang, V. Philip, G. Carter P52 Targeted sequencing approach for the identification of the genetic causes of hereditary hearing impairment A. A. Abuzenadah, M. Gari, R. Turki, A. Dallol P53 Identification of enhancer sequences by ATAC-seq open chromatin profiling A. Uyar, A. Kaygun, S. Zaman, E. Marquez, J. George, D. Ucar P54 Direct enrichment for the rapid preparation of targeted NGS libraries C. L. Hendrickson, A. Emerman, D. Kraushaar, S. Bowman, N. Henig, T. Davis, S. Russello, K. Patel P56 Performance of the Agilent D5000 and High Sensitivity D5000 ScreenTape assays for the Agilent 4200 Tapestation System R. Nitsche, L. Prieto-Lafuente P57 ClinVar: a multi-source archive for variant interpretation M. Landrum, J. Lee, W. Rubinstein, D. Maglott P59 Association of functional variants and protein physical interactions of human MUTY homolog linked with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome Z. Abduljaleel, W. Khan, F. A. Al-Allaf, M. Athar , M. M. Taher, N. Shahzad P60 Modification of the microbiom constitution in the gut using chicken IgY antibodies resulted in a reduction of acute graft-versus-host disease after experimental bone marrow transplantation A. Bouazzaoui, E. Huber, A. Dan, F. A. Al-Allaf, W. Herr, G. Sprotte, J. Köstler, A. Hiergeist, A. Gessner, R. 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AimsIn order to prevent dislocation of the hip after total hip arthroplasty (THA), patients have to adhere to precautions in the early post-operative period. The hypothesis of this study was that a protocol with minimal precautions after primary THA using the posterolateral approach would not increase the short-term (less than three months) risk of dislocation. Patients and MethodsWe prospectively monitored a group of unselected patients undergoing primary THA managed with standard precautions (n = 109, median age 68.9 years; interquartile range (IQR) 61.2 to 77.3) and a group who were managed with fewer precautions (n = 108, median age 67.2 years; IQR 59.8 to 73.2). There were no significant differences between the groups in relation to predisposing risk factors. The diameter of the femoral head ranged from 28 mm to 36 mm; meticulous soft-tissue repair was undertaken in all patients. The medical records were reviewed and all patients were contacted three months post-operatively to confirm whether they had experienced a dislocation. ResultsThere were no dislocations in the less restricted group and one in the more restricted group (p = 0.32). ConclusionFor experienced surgeons using the posterolateral approach at THA and femoral heads of diameter ≥ 28 mm, it appears safe to manage patients in the immediate post-operative period with minimal precautions to protect against dislocation. Larger studies with adequate statistical power are needed to verify this conclusion.Take home message: Experienced orthopaedic surgeons using the posterolateral approach for THA should not fear an increased dislocation rate if they manage their patients with a minimal precautions protocol.Cite this article: Bone Joint J2016;98-B:589–94.

An aluminium phosphate based high emissivity coating has been deposited on Ni based superalloy C-263 by dip coating method wherein the substrate was immersed in a chemical sol followed by curing of the green coating. Deposition of the coating by spraying the sol on the substrate surface has also been explored. The presence of carbon imparted high emissivity to the coating. Depending on the thickness of the coating, it exhibited an emissivity value of 0·6–0·9 in the wavelength range of 2.5–25 μm. The coating was found to offer good oxidation resistance to the substrate. Cyclic oxidation performance of uncoated and coated substrates has been evaluated at 800 and 1000°C for 100 h in air.

This study investigates the effect of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processing parameters such as platen velocity, the concentration of the oxidizer and abrasive nanoparticle, slurry pH and surfactant types on the surface roughness of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) substrate. It was found that these parameters have a significant effect on the quality of the polished surfaces. It was found that lower platen velocity, lesser concentration of abrasive particles, basic slurry pH, and addition of anionic surfactant (SDS) into the CMP slurry solution showed improved surface planarity. Optical Surface Profiler and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to monitor the surface topography before and after polishing. A notable root-mean-square surface roughness, (Rq), ∼0.9 nm, has been obtained on the polished CdZnTe (CZT) surface over a scan area of 481 × 361 μm2under the optimized conditions of 60 rpm relative velocity, slurry pH of 9, 3.75 vol% of oxidizer (H2O2) and 1.25 wt% of abrasive (SiO2nanoparticle). A probable mechanism of the present CMP surface planarization of CZT substrate has been proposed. Unlike the conventional surface planarization processes, which involve two-step lapping followed by CMP for the CZT surfaces, we have developed a single step CMP process to obtain good surface planarity.

Analytical and numerical results are reported on the approximate solution of the Lane–Emden equation by Adomian decomposition method. Considering only a few terms of the series solution, the result has been compared with the exact solution for a particular type of nonlinearity. The present method performs extremely well in terms of accuracy, efficiency and simplicity.