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Cellulose has sparked considerable interest in the advancement of biodegradable functional materials owing to its abundant natural sources and exceptional biocompatibility. This review offers a comprehensive review of the latest research and development concerning cellulose-based films, with a specific emphasis on their classification, properties, and applications. Specifically, this review classifies cellulose according to the various morphologies of cellulose (e.g., nanocrystals, nanospheres, and hollow ring cellulose) and cellulose derivatives (e.g., methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate). The subsequent section presents an analysis of cellulose-based films with improved mechanical properties, antibacterial characteristics, gas regulation, and hydrophobicity. A detailed discussion of the mechanisms that underlie these properties is provided. Additionally, representative applications of cellulosic composites, such as food packaging, medical supplies, and electronic devices, are summarized. Finally, the challenges faced by cellulosic materials are outlined, and a novel and feasible prospect is proposed to accelerate the future development of this material.

eEF2K, an atypical alpha-kinase, is responsible for regulating protein synthesis and energy homeostasis. Aberrant eEF2K function has been linked to various human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, limited cellular activity of current eEF2K modulators impedes their clinical application. Based on the 2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione scaffold of our hits I4and C1, structure–activity relationship analysis led to the discovery of several more active derivatives (e.g., 19, 34, and 36) in inhibiting the viability of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Moreover, the most potent compound 36significantly suppresses the viability, proliferation, and migration of both MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cell lines. Mechanistically, compound 36has a high binding affinity for the eEF2K protein and effectively induces its degradation. Additionally, 36exerts a comparable tumor-suppressive effect to paclitaxel in an MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft mouse model with no obvious toxicity, demonstrating that compound 36could be developed as a potential novel therapeutic for TNBC treatment.

This study aimed to survey the geriatric nursing competencies of clinical nursing staff in Chongqing City, China, and provide suggestions to enhance these competencies.

• The coating was prepared by the entanglement of unique functional dual networks. • The tight entanglement enhances liquid repellency, transparency, and robustness. • The coating remains its multifunctionality after 5000 cycles of bending (r b =1 mm). • The coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates. • Large-scale preparation and recoatability were obtained. Highly transparent, durable, and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials, such as car windows, optical lenses, solar panels, and flexible screen materials. However, it has been difficult to strike a balance between the robustness and flexibility of coatings constructed by a single cross-linked network design. To overcome the conundrum, this innovative approach effectively combines two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functions, thus overcoming the challenge. Through a tightly interwoven structure comprised of added crosslinking sites, the coating achieves improved liquid repellency (WCA>100°, OSA<10°), increased durability (withstands 2,000 cycles of cotton wear), enhanced flexibility (endures 5,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 1 mm), and maintains high transparency (over 98 % in the range of 410 nm to 760 nm). Additionally, the coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates, enabling large-scale preparation and easy cycling coating, thus expanding its potential applications. The architecture of this fluoride-free dual cross-linked network not only advances liquid-repellent surfaces but also provides valuable insights for the development of eco-friendly materials in the future. [Display omitted] Highly transparent, robust and flexible liquid-repellent surfaces are in urgent demand in the field of transparent materials such as optical lenses, flexible screen materials, etc. In this work, we propose an innovative approach to combine two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functionalities, resulting in enhanced liquid repellency, robustness, flexibility and transparency through a tightly interwoven structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon is considered as the most felicitous anode material candidate for lithium-ion batteries on account of abundant availability, suitable operating potential, and high specific capacity. Nevertheless, drastic volume expansion during the cycle impedes its practical utilization. Herein, Si and MnO2(Si-MO) constructed the binder-free intertwined electrode that is reported to effectively improve upon the cycling stability of Si-based materials. The Si-based electrode without a binder has good electrical conductivity, strong adhesion to the substrate, and ample space for mitigating volume expansion. The incorporation of MnO2establishes a multiphase interface, which mitigates the electrode volume expansion, and supports the electrode structure. Furthermore, MnO2(∼1230 mAh g–1theoretical capacity) synergistically enhances the overall capacity of the composite electrodes. Consequently, the Si-MO composite electrode exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 1300 mAh g–1at 420 mA g–1and remarkable cycling performance with a specific capacity of 830 mAh g–1after 500 cycles. In particular, a reversible specific capacity of 837 mAh g–1at 4200 mA g–1is achieved and remains stable during 200 cycles. This work provides a potentially feasible way to achieve the Si-based anode commercialization for LIBs.

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been widely recognized as an ideal platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Given their rich structural phases, phase transformation in 2D TMDCs is an efficient strategy to tailor their SERS performance. In this paper, we present the great SERS performance of multilayer 2M-WS2and then investigate the effect of its phase transformation on SERS performance. It is observed that multilayer 2M-WS2nanosheets undergo a thermally induced single-crystal phase transition from 2M-WS2to 2H-WS2upon thermal annealing or laser treatment. Distinguishing from the commercially available pure 2H-WS2(P-2H-WS2), 2H-WS2obtained by annealing and laser treatment still retain SERS properties comparable to those of 2M-WS2, among which the detection limits for CV molecules (10–8M) are 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of P-2H-WS2and the Raman intensity enhancements are ∼10–37 times higher. In contrast to the charge transfer (CT) mechanism governed by the Fermi level in metallic-phase 2M-WS2, 2H-WS2obtained by phase transition exhibits accelerated CT facilitated by the bandgap reduction and reorganization resulting from the abundance of vacancies. This study introduces an interesting perspective and potential avenue for enhancing SERS through metal-to-semiconductor phase transitions in 2D TMDCs materials.

Introduction: Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenesinfection. The data of listeriosis in Xi’an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi’an, China Methods: The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenesshowed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis. Conclusions: When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.

The unique features of edges in van der Waals materials may lead to edge–basal plane contacts that could provide new opportunities for electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, few studies have addressed edge/basal plane contact heterojunctions owing to the formidable challenges in integrating edges with the basal plane to form a heterojunction. Here, taking the example of black phosphorus (BP)/ReS2, a heterojunction with contact between the edge and the basal plane was successfully achieved by the introduction of a nanoskiving technique to fabricate BP edges with controlled orientation, followed by the dry transfer of a ReS2flake. The deformation of BP during the nanoskiving process was clearly revealed, where interlayer slipping in the BP determined the formation of the edges. The edge/basal plane contact heterojunctions based on BP/ReS2exhibited a reverse-rectifying behavior upon contact, and a high rectifying current was attributed to direct tunneling and Fowler–Nordheim tunneling in low and high bias regimes, respectively. As a photodetector, the heterojunction diode demonstrated an impressive responsivity of 65 A/W, a rapid response time (<10 ms), and polarization-sensitive detection under 532 nm illumination without gate biasing.

Interface-influenced crystallization is crucial to understanding the nucleation- and growth-dominated crystallization mechanisms in phase-change materials (PCMs), but little is known. Here, we find that composition vacancy can reduce the interface energy by decreasing the coordinate number (CN) at the interface. Compared to growth-dominated GeTe, nucleation-dominated Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) exhibits composition vacancies in the (111) interface to saturate or stabilize the Te-terminated plane. Together, the experimental and computational results provide evidence that GST prefers (111) with reduced CN. Furthermore, the (8 – n) bonding rule, rather than CN6, in the nuclei of both GeTe and GST results in lower interface energy, allowing crystallization to be observed at the simulation time in general PCMs. In comparison to GeTe, the reduced CN in the GST nuclei further decreases the interface energy, promoting faster nucleation. Our findings provide an approach to designing ultrafast phase-change memory through vacancy-stabilized interfaces.

Edges and surfaces play indispensable roles in affecting the chemical–physical properties of materials, particularly in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with reduced dimensionality. Herein, we report a novel edge/surface structure in multilayer 1T-TiSe2, i.e., the orthogonal (1 × 1) reconstruction, induced by the self-intercalation of Ti atoms into interlayer octahedral sites of the host TiSe2at elevated temperature. Formation dynamics of the reconstructed edge/surface are captured at the atomic level by in situscanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and further validated by density functional theory (DFT), which enables the proposal of the nucleation mechanism and two growth routes (zigzag and armchair). Via STEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS), a chemical shift of 0.6 eV in Ti L3,2is observed in the reconstructed edge/surface, which is attributed to the change of the coordination number and lattice distortion. The present work provides insights to tailor the atomic/electronic structures and properties of 2D TMDC materials.

Ionogels have great potential for the development of tissue-like, soft, and stretchable ionotronics. However, conventional isotropic ionogels suffer from poor mechanical properties, low efficient force transmission, and tardy mechanoelectric response, hindering their practical utility. Here, we propose a simple one-step method to fabricate bioinspired anisotropic nanocomposite ionogels based on a combination of strain-induced phase separation and mechanomodulation of ionic conduction in the presence of attapulgite nanorods. These ionogels show high stretchability (747.1% strain), tensile strength (6.42 MPa), Young’s modulus (83.49 MPa), and toughness (18.08 MJ/m3). Importantly, the liquid crystalline domain alignment-induced microphase separation and ionic conductivity enhancement during stretching endow these ionogels with an unusual mechanoelectric response and dual-programmable shape-memory properties. Moreover, the anisotropic structure, good elasticity, and unique resistance–strain responsiveness give the ionogel-based strain sensors high sensitivity, rapid response time, excellent fatigue resistance, and unique waveform-discernible strain sensing, which can be applied to real-time monitoring of human motions. The findings offer a promising way to develop bioinspired anisotropic ionogels to modulate the microstructure and properties for practical applications in advanced ionotronics.

•Molecular epidemiological analysis of 57 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from southeast Shanxi, china.•These CRPA isolates harboured various genes encoding carbapenemase, such as variants of the OXA-50 family, blaIMP, blaOXA, AIM-1, CMY-51, mecD, NmcR, and PDC, exhibits unique regional characteristics.•Two STs of the global top 10 P. aeruginosahigh-risk clone, ST235 and ST277, have been detected in this region.

Direct growth of high-quality gold microplates (Au MPs) on substrates using chemical methods presents many advantages, such as being free from plate aggregation, bending, and contamination by small particles, when compared to microplates deposited on substrates by solution-phase synthesis. In this study, we present a facile chemical synthesis strategy to obtain self-supporting Au MPs on soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, where the center of the Au MPs is elevated above the substrate. We demonstrate that the coexistence of halide ions and a soft substrate is crucial for the formation of self-supporting Au MPs. The halide ions play a pivotal role in preventing the deposition of Au atoms on the top {111} facet through the halide passivation mechanism, while the weak interactions between Au MPs and the soft substrate allow Au atoms to infiltrate beneath and preferentially grow on the bottom {111} facet, which gradually raises the Au MPs and forms self-supporting structures. It is worth emphasizing that self-supporting Au MPs are rarely synthesized, and elucidating the infiltration growth mechanism provides new insights into microcrystal growth. Furthermore, our study shows that self-supporting Au MPs possess unique characteristics for creating sealed nanocavities with femtoliter volumes and also providing excellent acoustic phonon resonances with extended vibrational lifetimes. We anticipate that self-supporting Au MPs may open new opportunities in various applications, compared to substrate-supported Au MPs.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with long preclinical and prodromal phases in older people. Molecular imaging is a promising approach for noninvasive in vivo identification and tracking pathophysiological changes. In particular, nuclear neuroimaging in AD has extended beyond traditional evaluation of brain perfusion and glucose metabolism, and has achieved substantial progress over the past 2 decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of nuclear neuroimaging with different targets in the brain, this review provides an overview of the literature on the current status and recent progress of the development of radioligands for definitive and differential diagnosis of AD. The scope of this review is to summarize current knowledge and progress in the development of imaging agents for in vivo molecular imaging of biomarkers in AD brains, with specific emphasis on radioligands.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: Relevant studies were identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. A meta-analysis was performed after screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and literature quality evaluation.Results: In total, 19 studies involving 2181 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that compared with patients with conventional rehabilitation measures, patients with pulmonary rehabilitation measures had a higher offline success rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.24; p< 0.00001) and higher arterial oxygen partial pressure levels (mean difference (MD) = 8.96; 95%CI: 5.98, 11.94; p< 0.0001) and these measures significantly shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation (standardised MD (SMD) = −1.08; 95%CI: −1.58, −0.59; p< 0.0001) and ICU stay (SMD = −1.41; 95%CI: −1.94, −0.88; p< 0.0001). Aspiration significantly reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.24, 0.51; p< 0.00001) and deep vein thrombosis (RR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.76; p= 0.01) in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation.Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation measures can improve the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation in ICU patients, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and ICU hospitalisation and reduce the incidence of related adverse reactions, but the impact on mortality requires further study.

Preserving cells in a functional, non-senescent state is a major goal for extending human healthspans. Model organisms reveal that longevity and senescence are genetically controlled, but how genes control longevity in different mammalian tissues is unknown. Here, we report a new human genetic disease that causes cell senescence, liver and immune dysfunction, and early mortality that results from deficiency of GIMAP5, an evolutionarily conserved GTPase selectively expressed in lymphocytes and endothelial cells. We show that GIMAP5 restricts the pathological accumulation of long-chain ceramides (CERs), thereby regulating longevity. GIMAP5 controls CER abundance by interacting with protein kinase CK2 (CK2), attenuating its ability to activate CER synthases. Inhibition of CK2 and CER synthase rescues GIMAP5-deficient T cells by preventing CER overaccumulation and cell deterioration. Thus, GIMAP5 controls longevity assurance pathways crucial for immune function and healthspan in mammals.

Magnetic propulsion of nano-/micro-robots is an effective way to treat implant-associated infections by physically destroying biofilm structures to enhance antibiotic killing. However, it is hard to precisely control the propulsion in vivo. Magnetic-nanoparticle coating that can be magnetically pulled off does not need precise control, but the requirement of adhesion stability on an implant surface restricts its magnetic responsiveness. Moreover, whether the coating has been fully pulled-off or not is hard to ensure in real-time in vivo. Herein, composited silk fibroins (SFMA) are optimized to stabilize Fe3O4nanoparticles on a titanium surface in a dry environment; while in an aqueous environment, the binding force of SFMA on titanium is significantly reduced due to hydrophilic interaction, making the coating magnetically controllable by an externally-used magnet but still stable in the absence of a magnet. The maximum working distance of the magnet can be calculated using magnetomechanical simulation in which the yielding magnetic traction force is strong enough to pull Fe3O4nanoparticles off the surface. The pulling-off removes the biofilms that formed on the coating and enhances antibiotic killing both in vitroand in a rat sub-cutaneous implant model by up to 100 fold. This work contributes to the practical knowledge of magnetic propulsion for biofilm treatment.

We detected the clinical efficacy and safety of Ginkgo bilobain vertigo patients through a meta-analysis method.

A Holstein dairy cow on a farm located in central Taiwan gave birth after 281 days of gestation; however fetal membranes were not expelled until 12h post-parturition. Preventive antibiotics of ceftiofur (750mg) combined with flunixin (750mg) were administered intramuscularly for three consecutive days. On day 11 postpartum, expulsion of partial fetal membranes and reddish-brown vaginal discharge with an offensive odor were reported. Intrauterine lavage using 800ml of sterile saline and 500ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine solution was performed, followed by intrauterine infusion with 300ml of 0.5% povidone iodine. On day 21 postpartum, a vaginal discharge score (VDS) of 3 was graded by Metricheck®and uterine cytology revealed 76.1% polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), all of which suggested endometritis. An additional intrauterine infusion of 0.5% povidone iodine was subsequently prescribed, followed by two low doses of PGF2αto control uterine infection. On day 49 postpartum, a VDS of 0 with a proportion of 3.8% PMNs was revealed, indicating available criteria for breeding. Estrus induction and timed artificial insemination were scheduled and pregnancy was confirmed 33 days after artificial insemination. In summary, we have demonstrated a successful two-step treatment for a Holstein having retained fetal membranes (RFMs) combined with puerperal metritis (PM) to have a favorable result of 65 days open.

A 5-year-old multiparous lactating Holstein cow was reported to have cystic ovarian disease with a history of whitish vaginal discharge on the 80th day postpartum. On the 83rd day postpartum, transrectal ultrasonography revealed a thick-walled cystic structure with visible cobwebs in the cavity, measuring 4.2cm × 3.4cm in diameter on the right ovary. The serum progesterone (P4) concentration was 6.82ng/mL, leading to a diagnosis of luteinized follicular cyst. Transvaginal aspiration of the cyst was performed to decrease the compression of ovarian stroma by the cyst, followed by intramuscular administrations of cloprostenol and buserelin. A 1.9cm diameter corpus luteum was detected on the right ovary nine days after aspiration, with a serum P4concentration of 1.29ng/mL. Continual hormone treatment was followed, consisting of an injection of buserelin and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device inserted for seven days. After seven days, two corpora lutea were noted on the right ovary with an average diameter of 2.8cm and 1.8cm, respectively. The device was removed and the cow showed a P4concentration of 11.22ng/mL on that day. Estrus induction was conducted with two low doses of cloprostenol followed by an injection of gonadorelin, to induce a complete luteolysis and the following ovulation to fit a fixed-timed artificial insemination (AI). Pregnancy was confirmed 33 days after AI. Although the number of days open was 102 in this case, it took a total of 19 days from treatment to pregnancy.

We characterize and evaluate the RF linearity of an enhancement-mode ${p}$ -GaN gate high-electron- mobility-transistor (HEMT) on a 200-mm high-resistivity-silicon substrate. Nearly flat transconductance and its small derivatives, together with relatively uniform small-signal parameters within the operating range, predict good linearity performances of the scaled-down device. With a two-tone technique, the device shows the peak output third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 38.9-dBm at 5 GHz for a 300- $\mu \text{m}$ -gate-width device and the corresponding linearity figure of merit OIP3/ ${P}_{\text {DC}}$ of 14.1-dB. A low power ratio of the third-order intermodulation to the fundamental carrier output (IM3/C) smaller than −50-dBc is also obtained at 8-dB backoff from the single-tone P1dB compression point.

In recent years, many studies on photocatalysis focused on improving efficiency. However, the cycle performance is also an important index for industrialization. Here, an Ag2O/TiO2heterostructure photocatalyst is prepared for continuous photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light, and the samples after the first and fifth round reactions are recycled to study the microstructure evolution of the photocatalyst. The results show that the performance is obviously improved in the second round and remains stable in the following reaction round. Due to the charge transfer, Ag2O/TiO2gradually changes to Ag2O@Ag-TiO2–xduring the photocatalytic reaction. The resulting localized surface plasmon resonance effect and the change of the interface structure greatly increase the number of carriers and prolong the lifetime of carriers. Such variations of microstructures and photoelectric properties of the samples due to the charge transfer and redox reaction on the surface of the photocatalyst dominate the cycle performance.

SAPO-11 molecular sieves with different crystal sizes and particle sizes, especially nanosized small-crystal SAPO-11 molecular sieves, were successfully synthesized, and the corresponding NiWS-supported catalysts were prepared for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. XRD, SEM, N2adsorption–desorption, Py-IR, and HRTEM were used to analyze the effects of crystal size and particle size of the supports on their physicochemical properties, active phase properties, and catalytic performance of the catalysts. Through reaction evaluation and analysis of isomeric products, the effects of the size change of the support on the hydroisomerization performance of the catalyst and the hydroisomerization depth of n-hexadecane were determined. Through comprehensive analysis of the cracking products, it was determined that secondary cracking occurred when the conversion of n-hexadecane on the NiW/SAPO-11-S catalyst reached about 42.7%, and the secondary isomerization occurred when the conversion of n-hexadecane reached about 80%. The hydroisomerization reaction network of n-hexadecane over the NiWS/SAPO-11 catalyst was studied emphatically, and it was found for the first time that the secondary cracking of n-hexadecane during hydroisomerization followed the C3-β-scission mechanism.

The roller profile shape can change the fatigue life and vibrations for planet roller bearing (PRB), as well as the impact between the rollers and cage. In this study, an analytical study of the dynamic forces and vibrations of a PRB considering the roller profile. To avoid the stress concentration at the roller ends, the roller modification method is proposed to improve the dynamic forces. The contact stiffness and load-deformation exponent of the roller-race interaction for four different roller modification types are achieved. A PRB dynamic model is established to discuss the effects of roller modification types on the dynamic forces and vibrations for PRB. Computation results of those four roller modification types are compared to the results of the PRB with the cylindrical roller type. It includes that the roller profile shape can greatly change the contact forces between the rollers and races, as well as the impact forces between the rollers and cage. The roller profile shapes can also influence the vibrations of PRBs.

Electroluminescence (EL) of a Schottky-type ${p}$ -GaN gate double-channel (DC-) GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) was investigated to understand the mechanism of the carrier dynamics in the gate stack. This work revealed the unique bipolar carrier injection dynamics in the DC-HEMT under forward gate bias by analyzing the EL characteristics with bias and temperature dependence. Compared to a conventional single-channel (SC-) HEMT, the AlN insertion layer (AlN-ISL) in DC-HEMT plays the role of a blocking layer to the holes injected from gate to channel and creates a hole-storage effect that effectively suppresses the channel-to-gate electron spillover at forward gate bias.

ABSTRACTIntroductionBrain metastasis is a highly traumatic event in the progression of malignant tumors, often symbolizing higher mortality. Metabolic alterations are hallmarks of cancer, and the mask of lipid metabolic program rearrangement in cancer progression is gradually being unraveled.Areas coveredIn this work, we reviewed clinical and fundamental studies related to lipid expression and activity changes in brain metastases originating from lung, breast, and cutaneous melanomas, respectively. Novel roles of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development of brain metastasis from malignant tumors were identified and its potential as a therapeutic target was evaluated. Published literature and clinical studies in databases consisting of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and www.ClinicalTrials.govfrom 1990 to 2022 were searched.Expert opinionLipid metabolic reprogramming in brain metastasis is involved in de novo lipid synthesis within low lipid availability environments, regulation of lipid uptake and storage, metabolic interactions between brain tumors and the brain microenvironment, and membrane lipid remodeling, in addition to being a second messenger for signal transduction. Although some lipid metabolism modulators work efficiently in preclinical models, there is still a long way to go from laboratory to clinic. This area of research holds assurance for the organ-targeted treatment of brain metastases through drug-regulated metabolic targets and dietary interventions.

Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, wearable devices featuring oxygen-saturation measurements have gradually attracted public attention. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has, however, raised doubts about the accuracy of watch-type oximeters (e.g., Apple Watch and Fitbit Sense) for darker-skinned users. That is, the accuracy of oxygen-saturation measurements is affected by skin tone. Accordingly, this article proposes a method of calibrating the bias of the oxygen-saturation measurement caused by differences in skin tone. We integrate a color sensor into a wearable device featuring the function of oxygen-saturation measurement. We also use the individual typology angle (ITA) to quantify the user’s skin color and the skin’s ITA quantization value to calibrate the oxygen saturation value of the pulse oximeter sensor. The oxygen-saturation-calibration algorithm of the ITA-quantified value is suitable for determining the ${R}$ -value bias caused by skin color. Our experimental findings derive from testing the ${R}$ -values of subjects with different skin colors and simulating and verifying oxygen saturation ranges from 70% to 100%. The findings suggest that it is possible for the oxygen saturation bias of darker-skinned subjects to be reduced from an ${A}_{\text {rms}}$ error of 5.44% to an ${A}_{\text {rms}}$ error of 0.82%; that is, using ITA-quantified value for calibration, the accuracy of oxygen saturation measurements (OSMs) has been significantly improved. The proposed method enables the oxygen-saturation measurements of dark-skinned subjects to comply with the FDA guidance and ISO 80601-2-61:2017 standards, meaning that this study’s method can effectively improve the accuracy of the oxygen-saturation measurements of watch-type oximeters.

Drawing inspiration from adaptively responsive capability of biological auditory, we have developed a self-powered bionic auditory device that mimics the behavior of intelligent biological information recognition. The device comprises a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a synaptic transistor, and an effector. The TENG has a wide range of sound pressure and frequency recognition capabilities, allowing it to convert dynamic sound pressure into the gate voltage of the synaptic transistor. The effector is triggered when the excitatory post-synaptic current reaches a threshold. The unique bionic synaptic device enables it to respond adaptively to sound signals in real-time. This innovative design enables the bionic auditory device to detect and process sound information in an adaptive and responsive manner.

Constant oxidative stress at the wound site prolongs the inflammation period and slows down the proliferation stage. In order to shorten the inflammatory period meanwhile promote the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, herein, we synthesized novel camelina-derived carbon dots (CDs) decorating on hFGF2-linked camelina lipid droplets (CLD-hFGF2) to form nanobiomaterial CDs-CLD-hFGF2. The CDs-CLD-hFGF2 possesses peroxidase activity and has effective reactive oxygen species radical scavenging activity while achieving proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells under oxidative stress in vitro. In the acute wound model, wound healing after CDs-CLD-hFGF2 treatment reached nearly 92% on the 10th day, compared with 82% for CLD-hFGF2. Moreover, the wound site showed significant anti-inflammatory effects characterized by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory factor levels. Overall, this study provided a strategy for the comprehensive utilization of camelina oil crops and revealed a promising future that could be considered an effective method for wound healing on the skin.

ABSTRACTTrunk-sharing (TS), a nascent ride-sharing (RS)-based crowdsourced delivery service, has been reshaping the pattern of urban logistics and the spatial distribution of urban traffic congestion. However, it is not yet clear how RS and TS interact and affect the urban traffic system. To this end, a link-node-based user equilibrium model -is proposed to describe the users’ decisions in the presence of RS and TS program and thereby to forecast the long-term effects of these two modes and of existed policies, such as car restrictions and cordon tolling. The model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem and the existence of equilibria is proven under some mild conditions. Numerical results showed that integrating RS and TS can dramatically decreases the total travel time . Moreover, car restriction- can incentivize more TS to enter the central business districts (CBDs), while cordon tolling- can incentivize more RS participants to enter the CBDs .

Recent evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine use is not associated with higher 1‐year risk of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less is known about its long‐term risk, the examination of which was the objective of this study. We conducted a propensity score–matched active‐comparator safety study of hydroxychloroquine in 8,852 veterans (mean age 64 ± 12 years, 14% women, 28% Black) with newly diagnosed RA. A total of 4,426 patients started on hydroxychloroquine and 4,426 started on another nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and were balanced on 87 baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was LQTS during 19‐year follow‐up through December 31, 2019. Incident LQTS occurred in 4 (0.09%) and 5 (0.11%) patients in the hydroxychloroquine and other DMARD groups, respectively, during the first 2 years. Respective 5‐year incidences were 17 (0.38%) and 6 (0.14%), representing 11 additional LQTS events in the hydroxychloroquine group (number needed to harm 403; [95% confidence interval (95% CI)], 217–1,740) and a 181% greater relative risk (95% CI 11%–613%; P= 0.030). Although overall 10‐year risk remained significant (hazard ratio 2.17; 95% CI 1.13–4.18), only 5 extra LQTS occurred in hydroxychloroquine group over the next 5 years (years 6–10) and 1 over the next 9 years (years 11–19). There was no association with arrhythmia‐related hospitalization or all‐cause mortality. Hydroxychloroquine use had no association with LQTS during the first 2 years after initiation of therapy. There was a higher risk thereafter that became significant after 5 years of therapy. However, the 5‐year absolute risk was very low, and the absolute risk difference was even lower. Both risks attenuated during longer follow‐up. These findings provide evidence for long‐term safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with RA.

This work presents a novel highly adaptable flexible soft glove composed of multimode deformable three-jointed soft fingers. The soft fingers are assembled by soft actuators and plastic materials that can be driven and controlled with single Degree of Freedom (DOF). A variety of different soft actuators are used as joint drive components to meet the motion requirements of fingers under different working conditions. We established a theoretical model to describe the deflection of the soft actuators based on reciprocal theorems. In addition, the finite-element method (FEM) was used to simulate the curvature change of the soft actuator and the soft finger, the soft actuators theoretical and simulation results were verified by experiments, and the multimode deformable soft fingers were simulated by FEM. Finally, a five-finger soft rehabilitation glove was prototyped and presented experimentally where the flexibility and functionality endowed by the soft fingers were demonstrated and highlighted. The versatility was also showcased in the applications.

• A joint computational simulation and proof-of-concept experiment revealed that the degradation of newly-discovered stanene in oxygenated water environment was a water-accelerated oxidation process. • Several protective strategies like alcohols were proposed to avoid or decrease the oxidation of stanene to maintain its inherent performance for further biomedical applications. • Stanene was explored as second near-infrared (NIR-II) photonic agents for ablation of 4T1 tumor with a tumor-growth inhibition ratio up to 96.7%. • The biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicity experiments demonstrated that stanene was suitable for biomedical applications. Stanene, the two-dimensional form of elemental tin (Sn), is easily oxidized in the ambient environment, significantly hindering its applications in biomedical fields. However, the degradation mechanism of stanene remains unclear. Herein, combined DFT calculations and proof-of-concept experiments were conducted to elucidate the underlying degradation mechanism of stanene. The results reveal that the degradation of stanene in an oxygenated water environment is a water-accelerated oxidation process. H 2 O molecules could not only facilitate the electron transfer from stanene to O 2 because of the polarization effect of H 2 O, but also directly react with the defect sites of stanene due to enhanced absorption energy. Moreover, several protective strategies like alcohol protection were proposed to avoid or mitigate the oxidation of stanene for further applications. Finally, stanene was explored as the second near-infrared (NIR-II) photonic agents for ablation of 4T1 tumor, depicting a tumor-growth inhibition ratio up to 96.7%, much better than that of the first near-infrared (NIR-I) group (65.5%). This work reveals the degradation mechanism of stanene and demonstrates its biomedical applications in the NIR-II region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this paper, the bone repair without and with the presence of metallic implants is compared. • Purpose-oriented design of in vivo animal tests is proposed, the bone implants can be placed in more corrosive sites such as bone marrow and trabecular bones. • Precise design of in vitro biodegradation test to mimic the in vivo biodegradation is proposed with several simulated body fluids at different time points. The implants made of metallic biomaterials help healing the bone fracture but also affect the bone repair process. As proposed in Matter 4 (2021) 2548–2650 by Wang et al., a precisely adaptable biomaterial ought to recapitulate the targeted tissue with spatiotemporal precision and hierarchical accuracy, ranging from atoms and molecules (genes, proteins, etc.) to cells (including organelles) and to tissues and organs. In comparison to traditional bio-inert metallic bone implants such as Co-based alloys and Ti alloys, biodegradable metal (Mg and Zn alloys) bone implants had been developed and might arise many unexpected variables in the bone repair, due to their bioactive nature. In this paper, the bone repair without and with the presence of metallic implants is compared. Thereafter, the perspectives concerning the interactions between the bone tissues and biodegradable metal implants are put forward, and how to better mimic in vivo biodegradation by in vitro experiments is proposed for further research and development of biodegradable metals. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern people generally suffer from α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency, since most staple food oils are low in ALA content. Thus, the enhancement of ALA in staple oil crops is of importance. In this study, the FAD2and FAD3coding regions from the ALA-king species Perilla frutescenswere fused using a newly designed double linker LP4-2A, driven by a seed-specific promoter PNAP, and engineered into a rapeseed elite cultivar ZS10 with canola quality background. The mean ALA content in the seed oil of PNAP:PfFAD2–PfFAD3(N23) T5 lines was 3.34-fold that of the control (32.08 vs 9.59%), with the best line being up to 37.47%. There are no significant side effects of the engineered constructs on the background traits including oil content. In fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, the expression levels of structural genes as well as regulatory genes were significantly upregulated in N23 lines. On the other hand, the expression levels of genes encoding the positive regulators of flavonoid-proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but negative regulators of oil accumulation were significantly downregulated. Surprisingly, the ALA level in PfFAD2–PfFAD3transgenic rapeseed lines driven by the constitutive promoter PD35Swas not increased or even showed a slight decrease due to the lower level of foreign gene expression and downregulation of the endogenous orthologous genes BnFAD2and BnFAD3.

• The CNTs/gelatin hydrogel with enhanced electromechanical properties was fabricated. • Better EMI SE, sensing & negative permittivity were gained with more CNTs. • The gelatin-based wearable sensor can detect various stimulations in practical use. • The CNTs/gelatin hydrogel is recyclable, biocompatible, and degradable. Facing the challenges posed by exponentially increasing e-waste, the development of recyclable and transient electronics has paved the way to an environmentally-friendly progression strategy, where electronics can disintegrate and/or degrade into eco-friendly end products in a controlled way. Natural polymers possess cost and energy efficiency, easy modification, and fast degradation, all of which are ideal properties for transient electronics. Gelatin is especially attractive due to its unique thermoreversible gelation processes, yet its huge potential as a multifunctional electronic material has not been well-researched due to its limited mechanical strength and low conductivity. Herein, we explored versatile applications of gelatin-based hydrogels through the assistance of multifunctional additives like carbon nanotubes to enhance their electromechanical performances. The optimized gelatin hydrogel displays not only a high conductivity of 0.93 S/m, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 39.6 dB, and tensile stress tolerance of 263 kPa, but also shows a negative permittivity phenomenon, which may find versatile applications in novel electronics. As a proof of concept, hydrogels were assembled as wearable sensors to sensitively detect static and dynamic pressures and strains generated by solids, liquids, and airflow, as well as diverse body movements. Furthermore, the recyclability, biocompatibility, and degradability of gelatin-based hydrogels were well studied and analyzed. This work outlines a facile method to design multifunctional transient materials for wearable, sustainable, and eco-friendly electronics. [Display omitted] Description: Recyclable, biocompatible, and degradable CNTs-gelatin hydrogels with enhanced electromechanical properties were fabricated by embedding CNTs, sericin, and sodium citrate as multifunctional additives. The higher conductivity, better electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, strain/pressure sensitivity, and the interesting negative permittivity behavior were achieved by the improved conductive networks at higher CNTs concentration. The above excellent properties enabled our CG hydrogel as a wearable sensor for reliable monitoring of static and dynamic stimuli, including solid, water, and airflow, as well as subtle and large human movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidosulfuron (AS) is from the commercial sulfonylurea herbicide family. It is highly effective against dicot broad-leaf weeds. This herbicide targets acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), the first enzyme in the branched chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of AS in complex with wildtype Arabidopsis thalianaAHAS (AtAHAS) and with the resistance mutant, S653T. In both structures, the cofactor, ThDP, is modified to a peracetate adduct, consistent with time-dependent accumulative inhibition. Compared to other AHAS-inhibiting herbicides of the sulfonylurea family, AS lacks a second aromatic ring. The replacement is an aryl sulfonyl group with a reduced number of interactions with the enzyme and relatively low affinity (Ki= 4.2 μM vs low nM when two heteroaromatic rings are present). This study shows that effective herbicides can have a relatively high Kifor plant AHAS but can still be a potent herbicide provided accumulative inhibition also occurs.

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence (BE), and safety of 2 preparations of hydroxychloroquine (200‐mg tablet) under fasting and fed conditions. A total of 180 subjects (fasting condition: n = 80; fed condition: n = 100) were randomly enrolled in this randomized, open, single‐dose, single‐cycle parallel phase Ⅰ clinical study. Under the 2 conditions, the subjects were randomly administered the test (T) or reference (R) tablet, both at a dose of 200 mg (1 tablet). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of hydroxychloroquine in healthy subjects after oral administration of the T or R preparation to evaluate the PK characteristics. In this trial, the T and R preparations of hydroxychloroquine were bioequivalent under both conditions within the range of 80%–125%. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were found in the safety assessments for either condition, and all adverse events (AEs) were mild, except for 2 moderate AEs in the fed condition, indicating good safety.

There is growing interest in covalent targeted inhibitors in drug discovery against previously “undruggable” sites and targets. These molecules typically feature an electrophilic warhead that reacts with nucleophilic groups of protein residues, most notably the thiol group of cysteines. One main challenge in the field is to develop versatile utilizable warheads. Here, we characterize the unique features of novel arsenous warheads for reaction with thiol species in a reversible manner and further demonstrate that organoarsenic probes can be chemically tuned toward specific molecular targets by developing selective and potent inhibitors of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). We show that compound 24is a covalent and allosteric inhibitor of PKM2 and its orally bioavailable prodrug 25exerts efficacious inhibition of PKM2-dependent tumor growth in vitroand in vivo. Our results introduce 25and its derivatives as useful pharmacological tools and provide a general road map for targeting the protein cysteinome using arsenous warheads.

For phosphorescent materials, managing the triplet potential energy surface stands for controlling the phosphorescence quantum yield. However, due to the complexity and variability, the triplet potential energy surface can be managed with difficulty. In this work, a series of bimetallic Pt(II) complexes, namely Pt-1, Pt-1-1, Pt-1-2, Pt-2, Pt-3–5, and Pt-6–7, are employed as models to construct a relationship between the structures and triplet potential energy surfaces, aiming to achieve meaningful information to manage the triplet potential energy surface. On the basis of the results, it is observed that the triplet potential energy surface has an intimate connection with the structures of bimetallic Pt(II) complexes. In the case of the primordial Pt(II) complex, the triplet potential energy surface consists of two minimal points, illustrating various properties, which can largely affect the phosphorescence quantum yield. Once the intramolecular steric hindrance, restriction effect, and metallophilic interaction (Pt–Pd/Pd–Pd) are employed by tailoring the structures of primordial Pt(II) complexes, the triplet potential energy surface can be reconstructed via one minimal point-charactered short metal–metal distance, resulting in different photophysical properties. The relationship between the triplet potential energy surface and structure is essentially unveiled from the structural and electronic viewpoints. The conclusions originated from the structural and electronic investigations can be regarded as indicators to accurately and expediently predict the triplet potential energy surfaces of bimetallic Pt(II) complexes. The results presented here are helpful in addressing the designed strategies as they show that the triplet potential energy surfaces of bimetallic Pt(II) complexes can be properly tuned.

Endowing implant surfaces with combined antibacterial and osteogenic properties by drug-loaded coatings has made great strides, but how to achieve the combined excellence of infection-triggered bactericidal and in vivo-proven osteogenic activities without causing bacterial resistance still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with osteogenic fragments were designed and complexed on the surface of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) through hydrogen bonding, and the collagen structure-bionic silk fibroin (SF) was applied to carry AgNPs@ AMPs to achieve infection-triggered antibacterial and osteointegration. As verified by TEM, AMPs contributed to the dispersion and size-regulation of AgNPs, with a particle size of about 20 nm, and a clear protein corona structure was observed on the particle surface. The release curve of silver ion displayed that the SF-based coating owned sensitive pH-responsive properties. In the antibacterial test against S.aureusfor up to 21 days, the antibacterial rate had always remained above 99%. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism was revealed, originating from the destruction of the bacterial cell membranes and ROS generation. The SF-based coating was conducive to the adhesion, diffusion, and proliferation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface, and promoted the expression of osteogenic genes and collagen secretion. The in vivoimplantation results showed that compared with the untreated Ti implants, SF-based coating enhanced osseointegration at week 4 and 8. Overall, the AgNPs@AMPs-loaded SF-based coating presented the ability to synergistically inhibit bacteria and promote osseointegration, possessing tremendous potential application prospects in bone defects and related-infection treatments.

The EAST ICRF system operating space has been extended in power and phase control with a low-level RF system for the new double-strap antenna. Then the multi-step power and periodic phase scanning experiment were conducted in L-mode plasma, respectively. In the power scanning experiment, the stored energy, radiation power, plasma impedance and the antenna's temperature all have positive responses during the short ramp-ups of PL,ICRF. The core ion temperature increased from 1 keV to 1.5 keV and the core heating area expanded from |Z|≤5cmto |Z|≤10cmduring the injection of ICRF waves. In the phasing scanning experiment, in addition to the same conclusions as the previous relatively phasing scanning experiment, the superposition effect of the fluctuation of stored energy, radiation power and neutron yield caused by phasing change with dual antenna, resulting in the amplitude and phase shift, was also observed. The active control of RF output facilitates the precise control of plasma profiles and greatly benefits future experimental exploration.

Protein aggregation has been found in a wide range of neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases. The demand for in vivo technologies to identify protein aggregation is at the leading edge for the pathogenic study, diagnostic development, and therapeutic intervention of these devastating disorders. Herein, we report a series of luminol analogues to construct a facile chemiluminescence (CL)-based approach for in vivo detection and imaging of β-sheet protein aggregates. The synthesized compounds exhibited a distinct chemiluminescent response with long emission wavelengths toward reactive oxygen species under physiological conditions and displayed signal amplification in the presence of β-sheet protein aggregates, including α-synuclein, β-amyloid, and tau. Among them, CyLumi-3was further evaluated as a chemiluminescent probe in preclinical models. By intravenous administration into the model mice via the tail vein, in vivo CL imaging noninvasively detected the specific CL of the probe targeting the α-synuclein aggregates in the brains of living mice. Based on its structural characteristics, CyLumi-3can readily interact with α-synuclein aggregates with significantly enhanced fluorescence and can identify α-synuclein aggregates in vivo via distinctive CL amplification, which could pave the way for a more comprehensive understanding of protein aggregation in preclinical studies and would provide new hints for developing small-molecule chemiluminophores for protein aggregates.

Ferroelectricity observed in thin-film HfO2, either doped with Si, Al, and so forth or in the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2form, has gained great technical significance. While a trilinear coupling between phonon modes could explain its ferroelectric distortion, from a practical perspective, one may be concerned with a theory that is more straightforward to predict similar ferroelectric candidates through some apparent features of HfO2and ZrO2. In this work, we propose that the 7 cation coordination number of HfO2/ZrO2lies at the heart of this ferroelectricity, which stems from the proper ionic radii of Hf/Zr compared with O. Among the numerous compounds with a non-centrosymmetric nature, for example, the mm2 point group, HfO2and ZrO2are special in that they are close to the border of 7 and 8 cation coordination, such that the 8-coordination tetragonal intermediate phase could greatly reduce the switching barrier. Other 7-coordination candidates, including SrI2, TaON, YSBr, and YOF, are also studied in comparison to HfO2/ZrO2, and six switching paths are analyzed in detail for the Pca21phase. A rule of the preferred switching path in terms of the ionic radii ratio and coordination number has been established. We also show the possible route from the ferroelectric Pca21phase to the monoclinic P21/cphase in HfO2, which is relevant to the fatigue phenomenon.