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L’objectif de cette étude est de renforcer la sécurisation des produits de santé aux étapes de distribution par la PUI et de stockage dans les UDS.

Oxytocin (OT) orchestrates social and emotional behaviors through modulation of neural circuits. In the central amygdala, the release of OT modulates inhibitory circuits and, thereby, suppresses fear responses and decreases anxiety levels. Using astrocyte-specific gain and loss of function and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that a morphologically distinct subpopulation of astrocytes expresses OT receptors and mediates anxiolytic and positive reinforcement effects of OT in the central amygdala of mice and rats. The involvement of astrocytes in OT signaling challenges the long-held dogma that OT acts exclusively on neurons and highlights astrocytes as essential components for modulation of emotional states under normal and chronic pain conditions.

A total k-coloring of a graph Gis a coloring of vertices and edges of Gusing colors of the set {1, . . . , k}. These colors can be used to distinguish adjacent vertices of G. There are many possibilities of such a distinction. In this paper, we focus on the one by the full sum of colorsof a vertex, i.e., the sum of the color of the vertex, the colors on its incident edges and the colors on its adjacent vertices.

When it was being introduced, there was a concern that the Clergy Discipline Measure 2003 would be a ‘complainant's charter’. While there was a marked increase in complaints after it came into force, this article argues that this concern was on the whole unfounded and as a result complainants have benefited. However, the Measure has had a damaging effect on respondents to the extent that reforming or replacing it is inevitable. It is argued that the current regime is potentially unfair in terms of common law and ECHR requirements to a fair trial. Therefore, any reform or replacement of the current regime must both be legally fair and also address its negative pastoral impact on respondents.

Oxytocin (OT) is a great facilitator of social life but, although its effects on socially relevant brain regions have been extensively studied, OT neuron activity during actual social interactions remains unexplored. Most OT neurons are magnocellular neurons, which simultaneously project to the pituitary and forebrain regions involved in social behaviors. In the present study, we show that a much smaller population of OT neurons, parvocellular neurons that do not project to the pituitary but synapse onto magnocellular neurons, is preferentially activated by somatosensory stimuli. This activation is transmitted to the larger population of magnocellular neurons, which consequently show coordinated increases in their activity during social interactions between virgin female rats. Selectively activating these parvocellular neurons promotes social motivation, whereas inhibiting them reduces social interactions. Thus, parvocellular OT neurons receive particular inputs to control social behavior by coordinating the responses of the much larger population of magnocellular OT neurons.

L’objectif de cette étude est de renforcer la sécurisation des produits de santé aux étapes de distribution par la PUI et de stockage dans les UDS.

L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie rare et grave dont les symptômes et la prise en charge impactent très fortement la qualité de vie du patient. Un programme d’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) multidisciplinaire, inspiré du programme HArPE (mis en place au centre de référence national de l’HTAP), a été élaboré au CHU pour aider les patients à acquérir ou maintenir les compétences pour gérer de façon la plus autonome possible leur vie avec la maladie. L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire les étapes de la mise en place du programme. Après avoir défini une population cible, les professionnels du programme ont créé des outils de communication permettant le partage d’informations entre les éducateurs mais également avec les professionnels de ville. L’équipe éducative a élaboré un référentiel de compétences à acquérir, les objectifs pédagogiques et le contenu de chacune des cinq séances éducatives proposées par le programme. Une phase de test a permis de mettre en évidence des axes d’évolution et d’amélioration du programme. Le programme a été autorisé par l’Agence régionale de Normandie en juillet 2016. L’équipe éducative souhaite que cette prise en charge se pérennise car l’ETP est actuellement un enjeu thérapeutique à part entière pour l’optimisation de la prise en charge des maladies chroniques comme l’HTAP.

La pédiatrie a débuté dans des conditions sociales difficiles d’imaginer de nos jours. L’enfant au début du 19esiècle était considéré comme négligeable. Le taux de mortalité était très important, aggravé par le travail des enfants dès l’âge de 6 ans dans l’industrie textile. Dans les classes aisées, les petits étaient mis en nourrice loin de leurs parents, avec également un taux de décès dramatique. L’émergence de la pédiatrie s’inscrit dans le cadre des progrès des connaissances survenus durant le siècle : corrélations anatomocliniques, notion de contagion avant même la découverte des microbes, puis naissance de la bactériologie. Pendant tout le siècle, les maladies infectieuses ont contribué grandement à la mortalité des enfants comme à celles des adultes par choléra, typhus, variole, diphtérie mais aussi rougeole, tuberculose. Les progrès enregistrés pendant la 2emoitié du siècle ont résulté de l’apparition de l’hygiène, de l’antisepsie, de l’amélioration de la nutrition, de la prise en compte de l’enfant en tant que personne et de la nécessité de sa protection. En contraste, les thérapeutiques ont joué un rôle secondaire avec l’apparition de la sérothérapie et l’apparition des vaccins à l’aube du 20esiècle.

Tingible body macrophages in lymph node are involved in cleaning up debris from apoptotic B cells. Gurwisz et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20222173) and Grootveld et al. (2023. Cell.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004) report how tingible body macrophages, originating from tissue-resident macrophages, clear apoptotic B cells in the germinal center using a “stand-hunting” strategy.

Un audit de pertinence d’utilisation de la voie injectable du paracétamol réalisé en mai 2012 a montré que la prescription de la forme injectable n’était pas pertinente dans 36 % des cas. L’objectif de ce travail est de recenser l’ensemble des actions menées pour rationaliser l’usage des voies d’administration du paracétamol et d’en évaluer l’impact sur les consommations de paracétamol injectable et oral.

A connected graph Gis said to be arbitrarily partitionable(AP for short) if for every partition (n1, . . . , np) of |V(G)| there exists a partition (V1, . . . , Vp) of V(G) such that each Viinduces a connected subgraph of Gon nivertices. Some stronger versions of this property were introduced, namely the ones of being online arbitrarily partitionableand recursively arbitrarily partitionable(OL-AP and R-AP for short, respectively), in which the subgraphs induced by a partition of Gmust not only be connected but also fulfil additional conditions. In this paper, we point out some structural properties of OL-AP and R-AP graphs with connectivity 2. In particular, we show that deleting a cut pair of these graphs results in a graph with a bounded number of components, some of whom have a small number of vertices. We obtain these results by studying a simple class of 2-connected graphs called balloons.

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The effect of transverse magnetic gradients in Stern-Gerlach atom interferometry is to make interfere plane waves the momenta of which differ in their directions. As a result the contrast of the interference pattern produced by the longitudinal gradient is attenuated by an angular auto-correlation function in the momentum space. This effect is studied experimentally on a thermal beam of metastable H*(2s) atoms, with a radial transverse gradient (atomic “axicon”).

We show how an unbiased quantal description of the center-of-mass properties of an atomic beam is achieved by employing an appropriate statistical operator. A few examples with experimental relevance are treated in order to illustrate the method. We find that the quantum corrections to the classical relation between the velocity distribution and the time-of-flight signal are negligible in reasonable experimental situations. We apply the method to atoms traversing a longitudinal Stern-Gerlach interferometer where they are exposed to a magnetic field gradient for a short period. The dependence of the fringe visibility upon the strength and duration of the gradient is derived.

The principle on an atomic interferometer based on the longitudinal Stern-Gerlach effect is given. Possible realizations using beams of metastable rare gas atoms or metastable hydrogen atoms are described. Some examples of phase-objects are discussed and some possible applications are suggested. The atoms coming out of the interferometer exhibit uncommon properties, particulary a permanent multiple localisation regarding the external atomic variables (“beaded” atoms).

A general description of atomic interferometers in terms of the scattering operator is given. The action of a longitudinal interferometer on an atom described by an incident polarized wavepacket is shown to be equivalent to a frame transformation, leading to a “beaded” atom. The special case of a pure longitudinal gradient of magnetic field and that of a spatially precessing field are examined. An experiment using metastable hydrogen atoms is presented and the results obtained in both situations mentioned above are discussed. Properties of beaded atoms produced by relatively strong fields (∼10 G) are investigated by means of the intensity diagram of their electrically induced radiative decay.

Alors que les erreurs lors de la prise en charge des patients sous anticoagulants oraux font partie des « never events », événements qui ne devraient jamais arriver, les confusions entre les modalités de relai des héparines par les anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD) et par les anti-vitamines K (AVK) sont fréquentes. Veiller au bon usage des anticoagulants oraux est l’une des priorités de la prise en charge médicamenteuse de notre établissement.

The well-known 1-2-3 Conjecture addressed by Karonski, Luczak and Thomason asks whether the edges of every undirected graph G with no isolated edge can be assigned weights from {1, 2, 3} so that the sum of incident weights at each vertex yields a proper vertex-colouring of G. In this work, we consider a similar problem for oriented graphs. We show that the arcs of every oriented graph -G? can be assigned weights from {1, 2, 3} so that every two adjacent vertices of -G? receive distinct sums of outgoing weights. This result is tight in the sense that some oriented graphs do not admit such an assignment using the weights from {1, 2} only. We finally prove that deciding whether two weights are sufficient for a given oriented graph is an NP-complete problem. These results also hold for product or list versions of this problem.

The distance dependence of the anisotropic atom-wall interaction is studied. The central result is the 1/z6 quadrupolar anisotropy decay in the retarded Casimir-Polder regime. Analysis of the transition region between nonretarded van der Waals regime (in 1/z³) and Casimir-Polder regime shows that the anisotropy crossover occurs at very short distances from the surface, on the order of 0.03λ, where λ is the atom characteristic wavelength. Possible experimental verifications of this distance dependence using surface-induced inelastic transitions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its crucial role in initiation of cytotoxic immune responses, the molecular pathways underlying antigen cross-presentation remain incompletely understood. The mechanism of antigen exit from endocytic compartments into the cytosol is a long-standing matter of controversy, confronting two main models: transfer through specific channels/transporters or rupture of endocytic membranes and leakage of luminal content. By monitoring the occurrence of intracellular damage in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), we show that cross-presenting cDC1s display more frequent endomembrane injuries and increased recruitment of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III, the main repair system for intracellular membranes, relative to cDC2s. Silencing of CHMP2a or CHMP4b, two effector subunits of ESCRT-III, enhances cytosolic antigen export and cross-presentation. This phenotype is partially reversed by chemical inhibition of RIPK3, suggesting that endocytic damage is related to basal activation of the necroptosis pathway. Membrane repair therefore proves crucial in containing antigen export to the cytosol and cross-presentation in cDCs.

Parmi les différents thèmes priorisés dans le programme régional de télémédecine, le soin en établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) a été choisi pour cette expérimentation. Le projet cible le parcours de la personne âgée, de plus de 75 ans, posant le problème d’une plaie chronique dans un contexte de dépendance et de polypathologie.

The purpose of this short communication is to demonstrate the importance of numerical analysis and wavelength increment selection when characterizing fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) regional integration. A variety of water samples, representing a landscape gradient and different types of FDOM, were analyzed for their percentage distribution of five operationally defined FDOM fractions (aromatic protein I, aromatic protein II, fulvic acid–like, soluble microbial byproduct–like, and humic acid–like) using three numerical methods in integrating volume under the surface of the fluorescence EEMs: Riemann summation, composite trapezoidal rule, and composite Simpson's rule. The influence of wavelength increment was also examined for the precision of the percentage distribution of each fraction. Our results show that the FDOM fraction estimated by Riemann summation with a 10‐ or 5‐nm excitation wavelength can cause >40% or >5% errors, respectively, when compared with the best estimated values obtained by averaging results from composite trapezoidal rule and composite Simpson's rule with 1‐nm excitation wavelength at the same emission increment. Also, our experiments show that fluorescence matrix regional integration could underestimate the two aromatic protein fractions but could overestimate the soluble microbial byproduct–like and humic acid–like fractions if improper increment and integral methods are used. The error can be reduced if a smaller wavelength increment is used. The smallest increment in a spectrofluorometer and composite Simpson's rule should be used for scanning fluorescence EEMs and calculating the percentage distribution of each FDOM fraction. Alternatively, 5‐nm wavelength increments with composite Simpson's rule could be cost effective, and the error of each FDOM fraction commonly falls within 5% compared with those estimated by 1‐nm increments.

The interaction at mean distance (a few tens up to a few hundreds of a0), i.e. in the van der Waals interaction range, between metastable nitrogen molecules, N2* (A3?u+), and the slit edges of a micro-slit copper grating depends on both the molecular orientation and the internuclear distance in the molecule. Such an interaction is able to induce rotational and vibrational transitions. Endo-energetic transitions (v? v+ 1, vranging from 5 to 10) are observed by means of a time-of-flight technique combined with an angular distribution measurement. By setting the grating plane at an angle with respect to the incident direction, different from that imposed by ideally planar slit walls, it is shown that the angular distribution of the inelastic process reveals a departure of the surface from an ideal plane. Assuming a regular evolution of the tangent plane along the surface profile, a mean wall profile can be derived from this distribution.

The resonant metastability-exchange process is used to obtain a metastable atom beam with intrinsic properties close to those of a ground-state atom nozzle beam (small angular aperture, narrow velocity distribution). The estimated effective source diameter (15 µm) is small enough to provide at a distance of 597 mm a transverse coherence radius of about 873 nm for argon, 1236 nm for neon and 1660 nm for helium. It is demonstrated both by experiment and numerical calculations with He*, Ne* and Ar* metastable atoms, that this beam gives rise to diffraction effects on the transmitted angular pattern of a silicon-nitride nano-slit grating (period 100 nm). Observed patterns are in good agreement with previous measurements with He* and Ne* metastable atoms. For argon, a calculation taking into account the angular aperture of the beam (0.35 mrad) and the effect of the van der Waals interaction—the van der Waals constant C₃ = 1.83^+0.1_−0.15 au being derived from spectroscopic data—leads to a good agreement with experiment.

The resonant metastability-exchange process is used to obtain a metastable atom beam with intrinsic properties close to those of a ground-state atom nozzle beam (small angular aperture, narrow velocity distribution). The estimated effective source diameter (15 µm) is small enough to provide at a distance of 597 mm a transverse coherence radius of about 873 nm for argon, 1236 nm for neon and 1660 nm for helium. It is demonstrated both by experiment and numerical calculations with He*, Ne* and Ar* metastable atoms, that this beam gives rise to diffraction effects on the transmitted angular pattern of a silicon-nitride nano-slit grating (period 100 nm). Observed patterns are in good agreement with previous measurements with He* and Ne* metastable atoms. For argon, a calculation taking into account the angular aperture of the beam (0.35 mrad) and the effect of the van der Waals interaction-the van der Waals constant C3= 1.83+0.1?0.15au being derived from spectroscopic data-leads to a good agreement with experiment.

Metastable nitrogen molecules N2* (A3?u+) passing through a Si3N4nano-slit grating (slit width: 50 nm) experience elastic and various inelastic processes, due to diagonal and off-diagonal interactions with the solid surface at short and intermediate distances (10-100a0), i.e.mainly interactions of the van der Waals (vW) type. These processes are observed by use of a velocity selected beam and a time-of-flight analysis combined with angular measurements of scattered metastable molecules. The main feature is the occurrence of an inelastic exothermal process identified, by both its kinetic energy gain and angular dependence, as being a vibrational transition with ?v= ? 1. A semi-classical model using a calculated (vW) dispersion energy depending on the orientation of the molecule and the vibrational coordinate is proposed.

One of the most recent hypotheses concerning the protective effect of some dietary fibres against colon cancer implicates butyrate. Very few publications have addressed its possible influence on the phase II enzymes and on the bacterial enzymes involved in the enterohepatic recirculation of toxic compounds. We used an original model of monoxenic rats oriented towards the preferential production of butyrate. Fischer male germ-free rats were mono-associated with a strain of Clostridium paraputrificum. They were fed either a control diet or a lactulose-enriched diet for 6 weeks. In the caeco-colon the specific activities (SAs) of the microsomal enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase) were 1.7-fold those of the control rats. In the intestine and liver the SAs of the phase II enzymes were not altered, nor was the hepatic cytochrome P450. In the caecum of the lactulose-fed rats the SA of β-glucuronidase decreased by 27% and that of β-glucosidase doubled. The chronic consumption of lactulose doubled the total caecal short-chain fatty acids, and the production of butyrate was enhanced. Since the germ-free rats behaved differently when fed the same diets, we concluded that the fermentation products of lactulose (and not the lactulose itself) were involved in the effects we describe. The involvement of butyrate in this phenomenon is discussed.
© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

Abstract:: The transmission of metastable argon atoms through nano-slit or micro-slit gratings is studied by use of time of flight and angular analysis. This transmission departs from the simple geometric one essentially by two ways: (i) the elastic or diagonal part of the van der Waals (vW) interaction with the solid causes an angular narrowing of the emerging beam; (ii) the off-diagonal vW interaction induces the exothermal fine structure transition 3 P 0↦3 P 2 (ΔE = 175 meV) leading to large scattering angles; the resulting angular distribution is very sensitive to the roughness of the surface in the direction of the depth. An extension of these experiments to transversally coherent beams is proposed. It should be considered as a first step towards a new type of interferometer in which the inelastic diffraction makes the gratings work as beam splitters or mirrors.

The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of microgravity on several endogenous and microbial parameters of digestive physiology. On the occasion of two Spacelab Life Sciences missions, SLS-1 (a 9-day space flight) and SLS-2 (a 14-day space flight), Sprague-Dawley rats flown aboard the US space shuttle were compared to age-matched ground-based controls. In both flights, exposure to microgravity modified cecal fermentation: concentration and profile of short-chain fatty acids were altered, whereas urea and ammonia remained unchanged. Only in SLS-1 was there an induction of intestinal glutathione-S-transferase. Additional analyses in SLS-2 showed a decrease of hepatic CYP450 and of colonic goblet cells containing neutral mucin. After a postflight recovery period equal to the mission length, only modifications of the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes still persisted. These findings should help to predict the alterations of digestive physiology and detoxification potential likely to occur in astronauts. Their possible influence on health is discussed.

Introduction. - L’étape de distribution des médicaments en Pharmacie à Usage Intérieur (PUI) peut être source d’erreurs médicamenteuses (EM). L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en place un programme de formation, évaluation et habilitation (FEH) du personnel exerçant au sein de la PUI pour sécuriser le circuit de distribution des médicaments.

Astrocytes are glial cells that exhibit calcium signaling-mediated activity. Here, we present a protocol to monitor and manipulate astrocyte calcium activity from mouse amygdala slices. In the first part of this protocol, we describe the procedure of astrocyte calcium imaging. In the second part, we detail how to disrupt astrocyte calcium activity by patch-clamp-mediated loading of BAPTA. These two approaches are presented separately but they can also be used simultaneously to monitor the effects of disruption on an astrocyte network.

Our aim was to collect a large number of casesto characterize clinical presentation, outcome, andprognosis of chronic intestinal pseusoobstruction inchildren. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study that included children treated forchronic intestinal pseusoobstruction defined asrecurrent episodes of intestinal obstruction with nomechanical obstruction, excluding Hirschsprung'sdisease. In all, 105 children, 57 boys and 48 girls, werestudied, including five familial forms. Prenataldiagnosis was made in 18 patients. Eighty patients wereless than 12 months old at onset; the disease began at birth for 37 patients. The most frequentsigns were abdominal distension, vomiting, andconstipation. Megacystis was noted in myopathies (7cases), neuropathies (10 cases) and unclassified forms(13 cases). For all but three cases (two patientswith CMV infection, one with Munchhausen-by-proxysyndrome), the associated diseases and disorders couldnot account for chronic intestinal pseusoobstruction as a secondary disorder. At least onefull-thickness biopsy from the digestive tract wasstudied for 99 patients. The diagnosis recorded wasvisceral neuropathy in 58 cases, visceral myopathy in 17cases, and uncertain or normal biopsy results in 24cases. Seventy-eight children were fed intravenously,and only 18 were able to be fed orally throughout theirillness. Seventy-one patients underwent surgery during their illness, and 217 surgicalprocedures, a mean of 3 per patient, were performed.Ostomy was the most performed procedure. Follow-upcontinued in 89 patients for 3 months to 16 years (mean85 months). Forty-two patients were still fed byparenteral (39 patients) or enteral nutrition (3patients) at the time of the study. Eleven patients diedbetween the age of 1 month and 14 years 7months.

Résumé La méthode de Capture‐recapture a été utilisée pour évaluer l'incidence annuelle du paludisme dans les armées françaises en 1994 à partir des incidences déclarées dans deux systèmes réglementaires, passifs, et exhaustifs, de surveillance épidémiologique: le Recueil et l'Exploitation des Données Epidémiologiques des Armées (REDEA) et le système de Surveillance Epidémiologique Spécifique du Paludisme (SESP). Les cas de paludisme déclarés au REDEA et à la SESP en 1994 s'élevaient respectivement à 480 et 424. 238 cas avaient été déclarés dans les deux systèmes. Après avoir validé les conditions d'application de la méthode de Capture‐recapture (en particulier après avoir vérifié que les déclarations au REDEA et à la SESP étaient probablement indépendantes), son utilisation nous a permis d'évaluer l'incidence du paludisme en 1994 dans les armées françaises à 854 cas. Les taux d'exhaustivité calculés pour le REDEA et la SESP étaient respectivement de 56,2% et 49,6%. 22% des cas échappaient aux deux systèmes de déclaration. Les taux d'exhaustivité de la SESP et du REDEA, estimés dans notre étude, étaient comparables à ceux obtenus par la méthode de Capture‐recapture appliquées dans une autre enquête au cadre légal des deux systèmes de surveillance épidémiologique passive et exhaustive des méningites à méningocoque en France en 1989 et 1990. Ces résultats démontrent qu'il est difficile d'apprécier l'importance épidémiologique d'une pathologie sous surveillance par les seuls résultats de la surveillance passive et exhaustive. En 1995, un nouveau système de surveillance a été mis en place dans les armées: une retro‐information mieux conduite et plus motivante, alliée à une meilleure formation des médecins des régiments à la surveillance épidémiologique devrait permettre d'améliorer l'exhaustivité des déclarations dans les armées.

A new magnetic field configuration has been used in the mixing and elongating regions of the longitudinal Stern-Gerlach interferometer. This configuration has proven to considerably improve the performances of the interferometer. An analysis in terms of the vector model of a spin 1 particle is presented.

The gene frequencies of haemoglobin A (HbA), HbS and HbC were studied in Burkina-Faso (BF) and in a neighbouring region of Niger, Ayorou. The frequency of HbS was higher in the Sahel region, (northern part of BF and Ayorou) than in the Savanna region. The reverse was true for the HbC gene. The major findings of this study are: (a) confirmation of a peak of HbC gene frequency in the central region of BF (Mossi plateau); (b) a possible negative correlation between the frequencies of HbS and HbC-Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer have observed that this correlation is at a significantly different level from that expected because of the allelic relationship between HbS and HbC; (c) comparison with the data collected by Livingstone shows a modification in the fitness of the different genotypes in the last thirty years: AS individuals have a lower and AA and SS a higher fitness. Our data favour a partial selection relaxation in this region.

We discuss experimental results on Stern-Gerlachinterferometry with atoms. After a theoretical approachsuited for fast atoms, we discuss elementary experimentson the preservation of atomic coherence. Then we examine the action of theinterferometer as producing atoms with new properties,beaded atoms, and their radiative properties.

The lymphoblastic stimulation test (LST) with cow's milk proteins was performed in 114 infants. In 42 infants, digestive intolerance to cow's milk proteins (CMI) was suspected; withdrawal‐rechallenge test confirmed intolerance in 34, and disproved it in the other eight patients. Of the other patients, 17 had acute gastroenteritis, 11 had postgastroenteritis subacute diarrhea, 12 had gluten intolerance, 14 had intractable diarrhea, and 18 had no digestive disorders. Of the 34 infants with CMI, 27 (79%) had a positive LST to one or more cow's milk proteins. Of the 34 positive LST patients, 12 also had soya intolerance; nine of these 12 infants (75%) had positive LST to soya. Of the eight infants who had a negative cow's milk rechallenge test, five (62%) had a positive LST. In the other groups, results were also positive in 12–27% of those having diarrhea of infectious origin or gluten intolerance, and in none of the infants without digestive disorders. Of the 14 cases of severe intractable diarrhea, 12 (86%) were also LST‐positive, but CMI could not be excluded. LST was positive, particularly in diarrheas of neonatal origin. Lymphoblastic stimulation was induced more frequently by casein than by β lactoglobulin, and least frequently by a lactalbutnin. In conclusion, LST is frequently positive in CMI, but is not sufficiently specific to be a reliable diagnostic examination.

Abstract: We report 2 cases of thoracic neural crest tumors complicating the course in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). In the first patient, a thoracic neuroblastoma was fortuitously discovered at age 3 months on a chest film prior to a partial glossectomy. In the follow-up left nephroblastoma and a right kidney simple cyst appeared. In the second patient, a thoracic tumor which proved to be a mature ganglioneuroma was discovered at age 4 years on a follow up spinal radiograph. Although less frequent than nephroblastoma and/or adrenal tumors, the occurrence of thoracic neuroblastoma in BWS suggests that periodic chest radiograph and assays of HVA, VMA and Dopamine should be included in the follow-up protocol.

The problem of stabilizing the airgap clearance of an electromagnetically levitated vehicle equippedwith linear synchronous motors is considered. The motors provide both propulsion and suspension. The dynamics of such a vehicle is expressed by a nonlinear state space model which takes into account the vertical and longitudinal translational motions. Expressions for both thrust and suspension forces are derived. An optimal linear state regulator is considered to stabilize the system and improve its dynamic behaviour. It acts simultaneously on the armature and field voltages of the motors. The response of a vehicle equipped with such a controller to some track defects is simulated. The effects of the introduction of an auxiliary suspension are studied.

The main electrical and mechanical performances of a homopolar linear synchronous motor (HLSM) are calculated using classical theories which are usually applied to rotating synchronous machines. An experimental study on a low-power test motor permits the verification of theoretical results. It cranes to evidence that simple theories are applicable under certain conditions to such a motor of original conception. A full scale operational motor proposed for a combined propulsion and magnetic suspension system for high speed ground transportation is designed through extrapolation.

The difference Δ between the differential cross section for Ne*(3P2atoms polarized either in state ǀj=2, m=+2 > or ǀj=2,m=−2 >, colliding at thermal energy with a groundstate target (Ne,O2), is measured. In the symmetric case Ne*-Ne, direct and exchange contribution are observed. General properties of Δ, derived from symmetry considerations, are established; in particular: (i) the interference character of Δ, (ii) the role played by the azimuthal dependence of the scattering amplitudes, (iii) the property Δ(0) = Δ(180°)=0. The relationship between the Fourier harmonics introduced in this discussion and the scattering amplitudes used in standard collision treatments are given.