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•Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) exhibit higher cytokine production compared to peripheral TILs (pTILs) in patients with RCC.•CD8+ T cells predominantly utilize Fas Ligand, while CD4+ T cells rely on CD107a for cytotoxicity in RCC.•The migration capacity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is inversely correlated with the proportion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).•Tumor and peritumoral T cells exhibit limited responsiveness to additional activation signals, while peripheral T cells in circulation retain their capacity to respond to stimulatory signals.