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55-0210 TA409 MARC Anderson, T. L. Fracture mechanics: fundamentals and applications. 4th ed. CRC Press, 2017. 661 p index ISBN 9781498728133 cloth, $159.95; ISBN 9781315370293 ebook, $159.95 The fourth edition [...]

Between 1976 and 1982, 190 non-palpable mammographic abnormalities considered to be suspicious of malignancy were excised using a needle localization technique. The indications for biopsy, technique for localization, method for confirmation of excision and histopathological preparation are presented. The histopathological diagnosis of these lesions were 150 benign and 40 malignant. There was no clear correlation between the mammographic appearances and the occurrence of cancer. Compared with 100 consecutive women with palpable breast cancer the impalpable and mammographically detected tumours were smaller, more often non-invasive and associated with negative axillary nodes.

Summary.Monoclonal antibodies against the cell surface were produced by immunizing mice with endometrial scrapings prepared from 6-day pregnant rabbits. Spleen cells from an immune mouse were fused with myeloma cells and cultured by standard hybridoma technology methods. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for reaction with the apical epithelial surface by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus from 6-day pregnant rabbits, and positive colonies were cloned by limiting dilution. Ascites fluid was produced in mice from hybridoma clones that gave a consistent pattern of apical epithelial surface staining through 6 sub-clonings. Antibodies in the ascites fluid were tested by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of uterus, oviduct, lung, liver and kidney from nonpregnant or 6-day pregnant rabbits. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibodies recognized an antigen that was specific to the apical surface of luminal but not glandular epithelium of the 6-day pregnant uterus and could not be detected in the nonpregnant uterine epithelium. At higher concentrations of antibody (1:100 to 1:1000), crossreaction was seen with antigens in stromal and myometrial cells of pregnant and nonpregnant uterus. At a dilution of 1:5000, the antibody also crossreacted with some components of lung, liver and kidney but without discriminating between the two reproductive states. In the oviduct, staining of the surface epithelium was specific to the pregnant state. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody has a high affinity for a luminal epithelial cell surface antigen in the reproductive tract of the pregnant rabbit and shows multiple organ reactivity with other tissues that is not affected by pregnancy. This antigen will provide a useful cell surface marker of epithelial differentiation in the progestational reproductive tract.

A method to predict lower bound cleavage fracture toughness values from small data sets is presented. The method is derived from a Weibull statistic based micromechanical analysis and can be applied in the ductile-brittle transition region. Lower bound predictions can compare well with the ASME KIR and KIC design curves. Difficulties in comparing Weibull shape parameters calculated by different methods are also discussed and several calculation methods are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation. The preferred methods are the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs), least squares with the (i−.5)/n centralizing approach, or a simple estimation scheme which gives a “Good Linear Unbiased Estimator.”

This objective of this study was to identify external sources of high particulate concentrations at a monitoring station in northcentral Texas, U.S. Concentrations of particulate matter finer than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), averaged over 24 hours, were plotted over a five-year period, from 2018 through 2022. PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.2 μg/m³ to 52.0 μg/m³, with a mean of 7.4 μg/m³ and standard deviation of 4.1 μg/m³. For 23 PM2.5 samples (of 1,667 total samples) with concentrations above 20 μg/m³, backward atmospheric transport trajectories and satellite data were used to identify likely external sources. Saharan dust affected all but two of the 23 samples with the highest PM2.5 concentrations. Smoke from wildfires in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains (Oklahoma and Kansas) affected the other two of 23 elevated samples. Results illustrate a substantial influence of Saharan dust on PM2.5 concentrations, especially in summer months, near the western edge of its westward transport trajectory. Monitoring and forecasting Saharan dust incursions should help inform regional air quality advisories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quartz is ferrobielastic with Dauphine twins differing in the orientation of the elastic compliance and piezoelectric tensor. Therefore a suitably-oriented stress can produce different strain in the two domains, causing a free energy difference between the two domain states and producing a driving force for domain reorientation and twin wall motion.Ferrobielastic twinning has been studied optically utilizing the photoelastic effect from room temperature up to 400°C. The coercive stress for ferrobielastic switching decrease with increasing temperature. The coercive stress needed to cause switchover in synthetic crystals is about 7 × 108 Pa at room temperature. Experiments at 150°C show switchover at 5·2 × 108 Pa and at 200°C about 1·9 × 108 Pa. The coercive stress data decrease monotonically with increasing temperature up to 250°C, above which the domain patterns depart radically from those observed at lower temperatures. The inverse relationship between coercive stress and temperature continued at higher temperature but with a discontinuity at 250°C separating two apparently linear segments.Beyond 400°C even very small stresses are sufficient to induce twinning and it becomes difficult to observe optically, therefore the electrical method is used to study twinning at near the α-β transition. Additional details concerning high temperature twinning will be presented at the meeting.

The text discusses new regulations on "Forever Chemicals" announced by the EPA, which limit PFAS in drinking water. The regulations include setting maximum contaminant levels for various PFAS compounds and requiring public water systems to monitor and reduce PFAS levels in their drinking water. The text also mentions the designation of PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under CERCLA, which will have wide-reaching impacts on cleanup efforts. The article emphasizes the need for sustainable cooling technologies in data centers to reduce their environmental impact. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report published by investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) examines the effect of select antibiotics on Salmonella typhimurium in a porcine cecal continuous flow culture. The study found that the presence of the gram-positive antibiotic carbadox eliminated certain anaerobic bacteria, allowing Salmonella typhimurium to persist for 15 days. Additionally, decreasing the culture dilution rate enabled Salmonella typhimurium to maintain higher population levels when grown with carbadox. The research suggests that the presence of carbadox may hinder the competitive exclusion potential of the mixed microbial population. This research has been peer-reviewed and can be found in the Canadian Journal of Animal Science. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the best products for the classroom in the publication's 2010 Awards of Excellence, including AutismPro, an online tool that assists in educating students with autism, the Discovery Education Science software suite for elementary and middle school science education, and the Epson PowerLite 825+ multimedia projector.

The article presents new reference sources related to engineering and partnership. The book "Fracture Mechanics," by T. L. Anderson provides broad coverage of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics and their fundamental concepts and practical applications. John Wiley & Sons and the American Ceramic Society have signed up a multiyear agreement to jointly publish hooks and meeting proceedings. The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Engineering provides information in a convenient format.

While people of all genders experienced heightened stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, working women in heterosexual relationships reported disproportionate challenges across their professional, familial, and personal lives (Kotini-Shah et al., [...], Navigating employment and familial obligations has challenged women since their mass entry into public work. The demands of competing obligations can negatively impact women's personal and vocational well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenge of balancing work and family roles as women faced expanded physical, caretaking, and mental labor, often resulting in role strain. This study explored how women in counseling psychology experienced role strain and its resulting impact on vocational well-being during the pandemic. Demand for counseling psychology services rose during the pandemic, potentially increasing role strain. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with six counseling psychologists who identified as women, employed full-time, and mothers to at least one child aged 12 or younger. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and five themes emerged: gender expectations, multiple roles, vocational well-being, consequences, and profession differences. Implications for practitioners working with mothers in these roles are provided.

The demand for flood insurance is low when the frequency and severity of flood disasters are increasing due to climate change. We show that beliefs about climate change influence homeowners' choice and level of flood insurance coverage. The demand for voluntary flood insurance coverage for homes and contents is higher in areas with more people who are worried about global warming. Property-level analysis shows that individuals are more likely to terminate flood insurance after unanticipated premium increases if they do not perceive climate change as a risk. We use the heterogeneous impact of widening partisan polarization on climate change beliefs to rule out alternative explanations. KEYWORDS adaptation, flood insurance, global warming, perceptions, 1 | INTRODUCTION Flooding is the costliest natural disaster in the United States that affects every state in the country. Floods are expected to cost the United States $54 billion [...]

Rationales for a stakeholder model of corporate governance are based on enlightened self-interest, moral imperative, and/or externalities. Of these, the externalities rationale holds the most promise to justify a stakeholder focus. Recent evidence, however, indicates that the benefits of a stakeholder focus are limited because the social costs of many corporate activities already are internalized. Potential benefits also must be weighed against the costs, which include increased potential for conflict, waste, and managerial self-dealing. I conclude by advocating for the traditional governance model based on shareholder interests, with allowance for managers to deviate from this model in limited circumstances when the external impacts on other stakeholders are large. To constrain managerial opportunism, such deviations should be defended with a new type of double bottom line reporting, which augments traditional financial reporting with a statement of the social benefits of any deviations from shareholder value maximization. KEYWORDS corporate governance, CSR, ESG, externalities, shareholders, stakeholders JEL CLASSIFICATION D23,G30,K42,M14,P12, 1 | INTRODUCTION A stakeholder model of corporate governance promises to solve many corporate and societal problems. Firms that focus on stakeholder needs instead of only shareholder interests will engage [...]

Using consensual qualitative research methodology, the authors explored physicians' (N= 17) career calling experiences through semistructured interviews. Eight domains emerged: definition of calling, development of calling, calling's fit with career, [...]

In Singapore, land constraints have steered planning policies toward higher-density living such that strangers must coexist in even closer proximity than ever before. As arenas for the enactment of everyday routines, neighbourhood nightlife spaces have the potential to generate a convivial atmosphere for social interactions among different users. Drawing on fieldwork in Toa Payoh Central, we begin by examining the physical environment as the point of departure for our observations on the social and civic qualities of a quotidian neighbourhood after dark, and from which we then discuss spatial planning for inclusive public spaces at night. The findings reveal that good quality public spaces can help promote urban conviviality and social diversity in a globalising city like Singapore. Keywords: neighbourhood, nightlife, public space, social diversity, spatial planning, urban conviviality, Singapore, Introduction The postmodern city in today's global era of rapid social, cultural and capital mobility can be understood as a fixed locale enabling non-fixed entities such as people, goods and [...]

Meaning plays an important role in many people's lives and work. A significant source of meaning derives from a greater sense of fulfilling one's calling, or purpose in work. This [...]

How much do markets depend on the state? The founders of the Austrian School of Economics saw a lot of room for markets but believed that government rules and regulations are needed to create framework for markets. More recent research, however, has shown that rules and regulations underpinning some of the most advanced markets such as stock markets have emerged from the market. This article discusses how Austrian economic insights about the importance of competition (although not atomistic competition), entrepreneurship, and consumer sovereignty can be applied to governance itself. Keywords Private governance * Austrian economics JEL P12 P14 B53, Introduction How much do markets depend on the state? Austrian economists from Carl Menger and Eugen Bohm-Bawerk to Ludwig Mises and Friedrich Hayek argued that markets can effectively handle much [...]

Multiple factors influence the ways in which men and women combine work and family roles. Career counselors and other career development professionals must be cognizant of' the cultural shifts in gender roles and the unique perspectives of younger generations regarding work-family interface. Workplace characteristics, economic trends, and personal values converge to influence decisions related to career, family, and other life roles. Much of the existing literature addressing work-family interface has been conducted in the United States and may not generalize to international populations. In this conceptual article, the authors examine current empirical knowledge and culturally sensitive frameworks for understanding work-family interface across countries and cultures. The authors discuss implications and recommendations for practice based on an integrated conceptualization of the literature. Keywords: Gender roles, work-family interface, culture, generational and socioeconomic factors, Contextual factors can profoundly influence career development and work-family interface. Lent, Brown, and Hackett (2000) asserted that contextual influences to career development could be both objectively defined and open to [...]

ABSTRACT We examine the information value contained in insurer rating changes. Using a contemporary event study approach, we document an asymmetric reaction of stock prices to rating changes: downgrades cut [...]

Following the widespread occurrence of birth defects from the use of thalidomide to treat nausea during pregnancy in the 1960s and 1970s, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) became particularly [...]

ABSTRACT The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority's (APRA's) supervisors use expert judgment to rate the risk of failure of general insurers (GIs). Using statistical data, we model the determinants of GI [...]

Early researchers studying the causes of homelessness often focused on individual pathologies, such as chronic substance abuse or mental illness (Lamb, 1984; Baum & Burnes, 1993), e.g. the risky person [...], Several policies criminalizing drug use significantly impact drug users' access to housing. This article explores the impact of housing policies on active drug users' access to housing and structural and personal factors related to their homelessness and housing stability. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 65 active cocaine or heroin users at baseline, three and six months. Participants were purposively sampled to reflect a variety of housed and homeless statuses. Interviews were analyzed to explore the processes associated with changes in housing status. Factors that led to homelessness included arrest, eviction, absence of housing subsidies, and lack of social support. Participants reported being evicted, and losing housing subsidies, welfare entitlements, and important social relationships following arrest. Criminal histories also limited their ability to find employment and permanent housing. Factors that led to housing stability included having family support, housing subsidies, and social supportive services. Active drug users can maintain independent housing when provided appropriate structural supports including rental subsidies and social services. But arrest disrupts drug users' housing stability. Programs to appropriately house those released from jail could help decrease homelessness among this population. KEY WORDS: Homelessness, drug abuse, housing stability.

ABSTRACT We develop and test a statistical model to identify Australian general insurers experiencing financial distress over the 1999-2001 period. Using a logit model and two measures of financial distress [...]

ABSTRACT Previous studies of financial health of insurance companies are mainly focused on insurers operating in the United States and developed economies. This article focuses on the solvency of general [...]

RECENTLY, I SET OUT TO FIND AN ANSWER TO THE question of what current research was saying about how, if at all, the Web impacted student learning. My recently released […]

Tax reform aims to increase tax collection efficiency thereby increasing revenues to the government while reducing the tax burden on the public. Because of the activities of rent-seeking special interest groups, the realization of positive revenue gains from tax reform initiatives may be nullified. Tax reform advocates should include definite rent-seeking impact estimates to make the general public aware of the potential reduction in the perceived gains., This past decade has yielded substantial tax reforms in North America and elsewhere. One of the most recent episodes ended with the introduction on January 1, 1991 of a goods [...]

Using the latest B31.3 code exemption curves can reduce costs Earlier versions of the B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping Code[1] required impact testing when the design metal temperature [...]

With the integration of clinical systems, such as medical records, and administrative systems, such as billing, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are becoming increasingly dependent on their health management information systems [...]

ABSTRACT Because of state-based regulation, single-state insurers are subject to oversight by a unique, domiciliary regulator (i.e., regulatory integration), whereas in the case of multi-state insurers, regulatory responsibilities are spread [...]

Part 3: Industrywide cooperation could lead the way to fewer unneeded repairs of girth-weld defects Experienced designers could help save on pipe line construction costs by shifting their focus from [...]