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• A Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper composite was fabricated using an in-situ annealing method. • Flexible Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper possesses hierarchical structure. • Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /carbon paper exhibited improved photocatalytic performance. • Improved carrier separation and hierarchical structure are key to performance enhancement. Although Bi 7 O 9 I 3 is an oxygen-rich bismuth oxyiodide with higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI, its applicability for photocatalytic oxidation is limited by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and poor reusability. Depositing Bi 7 O 9 I 3 on flexible macro-sized carbonaceous materials is a promising approach for promoting photogenerated electron migration and improving reusability. In this study, a composite consisting of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 supported on graphitic carbon paper (Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP) was synthesized via the in situ transformation of a BiOI-deposited carbon paper precursor (BiOI-CP). The as-prepared Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity than both Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and BiOI-CP precursor for phenol removal. The improved photocatalytic activity of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP was attributed to its hierarchical structure and promoted carrier separation, as revealed by photoluminescence, pore structure, and reactive radical analyses. Moreover, owing to its macroscale size and flexibility, the Bi 7 O 9 I 3 -CP composite could be easily operated and reused, which are favorable for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrathin and flexible paper with good EMI shielding performance is constructed. • Composite paper is featured with a three-layer structured surface. • TOCN/CS hydrogel film offers good protection for MXene. • TOCN/MXene with layered structure enhances the mechanical property of paper. MXene-contained paper is a good choice to design ultrathin and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, the deficiencies in strength and stability of MXene-contained paper impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite paper was proposed to address the problems, in which a filter paper was modified with a three-layer structured surface via a facile layer-by-layer coating procedure. Specifically, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN)/cationic starch (CS)/MXene gel layer and TOCN/MXene nacre structure layer ensured the good EMI shielding and mechanical performances of the composite paper, while the uppermost TOCN/CS hydrogel film layer mainly protected MXene. The composite paper achieved an EMI SE of 40.3 dB at a thickness of merely 0.1894 mm (SE/ t value of ca. 212.8 dB mm−1, SSE/ t values of ca.13216 dB cm2 g−1) and the total MXene dosage was 20 g m−2. Its tensile strength could be up to 11.7 MPa while the original filter paper was 6.4 MPa. Four pieces of this composite papers could be easily packed together to attain an EMI SE of nearly 70 dB. Importantly, the hydrogel film layer efficiently protected the MXene and maintained the EMI shielding performance of the composite paper when immersed in different liquids including water, HCl (1 M) and ethanol, due to the dense and compact structure of hydrogel film layer. This work provides a practical way to develop ultrathin, flexible and durable EMI shielding materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highly flexible composite paper has good mechanical properties and can withstand more than 10,000 times its own weight. • The flexible composite paper exhibits exceptional flame-retardant properties along with controlled, high-efficiency, and stable Joule heating performance. At a low voltage of 2.0 V, the surface temperature reaches 156.8 °C within 10 s and remains stable over a period of 1800s. • The flexible composite paper-based TENG can power commercial computers, delivering an output voltage of 55.6 V under a working environment of 2 Hz and 7 N. When the external load is 10 MΩ, its maximum output power reaches 15.6 µW. In recent years, polymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been increasingly applied in the field of flexible wearable electronics. However, the lack of flame retardancy of existing TENGs greatly limits their applications in extreme circumstances. Herein, an ultra-thin and highly flexible aramid nanofiber (ANF)/MXene(Ti 3 C 2 T x)/Ni nanochain composite paper was prepared through vacuum-assisted filtration and freeze-drying technology. Owing to the synergistic effect between ANF and MXene, the composite paper not only possessed excellent mechanical properties, which were able to withstand over 10,000 times its own weight, but also exhibited outstanding flame-retardant and controllable Joule heating capabilities. Moreover, the mechanical energy capture characteristics of the composite paper-based TENG were evaluated, resulting in the open-circuit voltage (55.6 V), short-circuit current (0.62 μA), and transferred charge quantity (25 µC). It also could enable self-powering as a wearable electronic device with an instantaneous power of 15.6 μW at the optimal external resistance of 10 MΩ. This work is intended to set TENG as safe energy harvesting devices for reducing fire hazards, and will provide a new strategy to broaden the application ranges of TENG. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraneous growth of scientific information over the Internet makes the searching task non-trivial and as a consequence researchers are facing difficulties in finding relevant papers from the millions of research papers in digital repositories. The research paper recommendation systems have been advocated to address this problem. The existing research paper recommendation systems lack in exploiting prominent information of papers, such as relevancy with the current time, novelty, scientific contribution, writing complexity of the papers, etc. Further, the existing models emphasize only on user's preference rather than user's intention that may change with time. Furthermore, the existing models do not consider a sound ranking strategy to unleash the personalization aspect and relevancy of papers. This work aims to address the existing limitations and proposes a systematic hidden attribute-based recommendation engine (SHARE). SHARE utilizes a feature engineering technique to unfold valuable insights of papers through multiple hidden features. These features are used as a context for users as well as multiple criteria for ranking papers. Additionally, SHARE predicts a user's intention beyond the user's preference to capture the dynamic notion of a user. Finally, a novel ranking strategy is proposed to retrieve personalized and the most important papers. SHARE is flexible for recommending both old and new users. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of SHARE both user studies and system evaluations were performed. Experimental results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed approach and are comparable to the existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the paper, the impact of paper production waste (primary sludge, or PS) on the properties of cement pastes and mortars is discussed upon. Some specimens were formed with [...]

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of an exploratory experimental study to manufacture eco-friendly lightweight bricks through binary mix of paper mill sludge (PMS) and soil. The pre-manufacture activities include [...]

Paper-based flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chips have been demonstrated to have great potential for future practical applications in point-of-care testing (POCT) due to the potentials of massive fabrication, low cost, efficient sample collection and short signal acquisition time. In this work, common filter paper and Ag@SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles (NP) have been utilized to fabricate SERS chips based on shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The SERS performance of the chips for POCT applications was systematically investigated. We used crystal violet as the model molecule to study the influence of the size of the Ag core and the thickness of the SiO 2 coating layer on the SERS activity and then the morphology optimized Ag@SiO 2 core-shell NPs was employed to detect thiram. By utilizing the smartphone as a miniaturized Raman spectral analyzer, high SERS sensitivity of thiram with a detection limit of 10−9M was obtained. The study on the stability of the SERS chips shows that a SiO 2 shell of 3 nm can effectively protect the as-prepared SERS chips against oxidation in ambient atmosphere without seriously weakening the SERS sensitivity. Our results indicated that the SERS chips by SHINERS had great potential of practical application, such as pesticide residues detection in POCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The paper analyses the effect of waste sludge from paper industry (paper sludge) on physical and mechanical properties of clay bricks, their microstructure and resistance to freezing and thawing. [...]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of calcination and cooling conditions on pozzolanic reactivity of waste paper sludge. Calcined paper sludge (CPS) is prepared by different [...]

ABSTRACT Green liquor dregs wastes coming from pulp and paper production are currently disposed in landfills at a huge cost for industry and the environment. In this work, a novel [...]

ABSTRACT A raw decorative paper was coated with a mixture of Ti[O.sub.2]-Si[O.sub.2] nanocomposite aerogel and melamine-formaldehyde resin to achieve dual functions, namely formaldehyde degradation and smoke suppression. The physical and [...]

ABSTRACT Cotton waste results from the mechanical processing of raw cotton in yarn mills. Recycle Paper Mills constitute 30% of total pulp and paper mill segment in India. With 85% [...]

ABSTRACT Recycle paper mills (RPM) contribute 30% of total pulp and paper mill segment in India. With 85% average efficiency of RPM, 5% waste (RPMW) is produced annually. RPMW which [...]

ABSTRACT The use of paper-mill residuals in concrete formulations was investigated as an alternative to landfill disposal. The mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing paper-mill residuals collected from a [...]

ABSTRACT A sandwich structure consisting of perlite composite foam as core and Brown paper as skin is developed and its flexural behaviour is studied in relation with properties of constituents [...]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of the paper mill (PMS) and spruce planer shaving added cement boards. Also the effect of [...]

ABSTRACT The use of paper-mill residuals in concrete formulations provides an alternative to landfill disposal. A response surface statistical methodology was carried out to model the influence on the slump [...]

ABSTRACT Sustainable recyclable paper and composite materials can be ideal choices for the construction of temporary structures for both exhibition spaces or for rapid-recovery shelters in emergency operations. The unique [...]

ABSTRACT The texture of the C-S-H gels formed in ternary cement blends containing thermally activated paper sludge (APS), fly ash (FA) from coal combustion and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.010 Byline: Vivek Ghosal, Usha Nair-Reichert Keywords: Investment; Innovation; Productivity; Organizational behavior Abstract: This paper examines the impact of investments in modernization and innovation on productivity in a sample of firms in the global pulp and paper industry. This industry has traditionally accounted for significant amounts of employment and capital investment in North America and Europe. In contrast to much of the existing literature which focuses on the impact of R&D and patents on firms' performance and productivity, we examine data on actual investment transactions in four main areas: (i) mechanical, (ii) chemicals, (iii) monitoring devices and (iv) information technology. We find that firms that implemented a greater number of investment transactions in modernization achieved higher productivity, and these estimated quantitative effects are greater than the impact of standard innovation variables such as patents and R&D. Investment transactions in the information technology and digital monitoring devices imparted a particularly noticeable boost to productivity. These results are obtained after controlling for other firm-specific variables such as capital intensity or mergers and acquisitions. Thus, firms' decisions to undertake investments in modernization and incremental innovations appear to be critical for achieving gains in productivity, compounding to form meaningful differences in performance, productivity and competitive position across firms in the longer run. For some of the traditional industries like pulp and paper, R&D and patents seem to be particularly poor indicators of innovation and, more generally, how firms go about achieving gains in productivity. Author Affiliation: School of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

• Flexible and disposable paper-based NO 2 sensor based on rGO/chitosan(CS) composite is proposed. • Synthesized rGO/CS composite can be easily deformed into various shapes because of its inherent characteristic. • The detection limit of NO 2 is 1 ppm and the possibility of application at the automobile exhaust is also confirmed. Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) is a representative toxicant in air pollution that mostly arises from the exhaust gas released by automobiles. It is related to various respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and sudden infant death syndrome. Additionally, because the toxicity of nitrogen dioxide is high in overpopulated areas (i.e. , a capital or metropolis), the development of simple, practical, and facile sensors is highly needed. This work presents a flexible and disposable paper-based NO 2 sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide/chitosan (rGO/CS) composite. The synthesized rGO/CS composite can be easily flexed and deformed into various shapes, which are attributed to chitosan molecules that function as a dispersion and reduction agent and support material. In addition, this composite can be attached to paper owing to its adhesive property; hence it can be utilized in versatile applications in a disposable manner. By analyzing the conductive change of the rGO/CS composite when it reacts with NO 2 , we can detect nitrogen dioxide in a concentration range of 0–100 ppm with a detection limit of 1 ppm. Moreover, we performed NO 2 detection in the exhaust gas released by automobiles using the rGO/CS composite for practical application. The results indicated that the rGO/CS composite has the potential to be used in feasible gas sensing as a facile and disposable sensor under various conditions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A patterned paper-based energy storage device is fabricated by low-cost screen printing. • The device shows excellent energy storage, photothermal and electromagnetic shielding properties. • The whole paper device with good self-healing performance presents an ultra-high energy density. • White garbage can also be used to prepare high value-added energy storage material. Supercapacitors are favored by researchers because of their high power density, especially with the acceleration of people's life rhythm. However, their energy density, especially from the point of view of the whole energy storage device, is far lower than that of commercial batteries. In this work, a kind of customizable full paper-based supercapacitor device with excellent self-healing ability is fabricated by simple and low-cost screen printing, electropolymerization and dip coating methods. The resultant separator-free supercapacitor device exhibits both ultrahigh gravimetric and areal specific energy (power) densities of 39 Wh kg−1 (69 kW kg−1) and 692 μWh cm−2 (236 mW cm−2), achieving excellent supercapacitor performance. Notably, the addition of vitrimers endows the whole device with outstanding self-healing properties, which is helpful for enhancing the adaptability of the device to the environment. In addition, this kind of paper-based device also displays good photothermal and electromagnetic shielding performances. These striking features make paper matrix composites attractive in the fields of supercapacitors, medical photothermal treatment and electromagnetic shielding. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the present work, unshredded waste newspaper based composites have been prepared in polyester resin matrix. Reinforcing material, waste newspaper is characterized by chemically, X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, Fourier [...]

Abstract The use of paper de-inking sludge in pozzolanic material manufacture permits a disposable residue to be included in the cycle of the materials. A study on the reuse of [...]

ABSTRACT Due to increasing generation of solid wastes from papermaking industry, major concerns arise about the disposal of the solid wastes and their adverse impacts on environments, in which the [...]

Technical variety in the paper and pulp industry offer four analytical perspectives. One attests that the high standards usually associated with the Finnish industry is not evident in the p & p industry of Sweden and Finland. Also, the innovation process involved behind the Thermopulp technology cannot be considered an industry-wide movement. Another view pertains to the incorporation of old and new technologies to more advanced systems in the installation project in Braviken. Lastly, it has been shown that the industry is geared towards drastic technology changes.

Currently, text documents from multiple sources have become available in many fields. It is of great interest to study the relationship between documents from different sources and uncover the underlying causality. Zhu et al. (2021) proposed a joint dynamic topic model (JDTM). They classified all topics into three groups and used the "shared topics" with a fixed time lag order to characterize the shared information between two corpora. Although JDTM is a powerful tool for discovering the lead-lag relationship, there are two potential shortcomings. First, different shared topics should have distinct meanings, which should lead to different time lag orders between the two corpora. Second, for dynamic documents, not all topics are represented in each time slice, and thus topic sparsity should be considered. To address these two problems, we propose a sparse joint dynamic topic model (SJDTM) with a flexible lead-lag order. We assume a birth-and-death mechanism for all topics and a flexible lead-lag order for different shared topics. The performance of SJDTM is evaluated using both synthetic data and two real text corpora consisting of conference papers and journal papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This review compiles the main scientific and technical findings on the viability of using paper sludge waste as a supplementary cementitious material in the manufacture of future eco-efficient cements. [...]

Folding paper along curves leads to spatial structures that have curved surfaces meeting at spatial creases, defined as curve-fold origami. In this work, we provide an Eulerian framework focusing on the mechanics of arbitrary curve-fold origami, especially for multi-curve-fold origami with vertices. We start with single-curve-fold origami that has wide panels. Wide panel leads to different domains of mechanical responses induced by various generator distributions of the curved surface. The theories are then extended to multi-curve-fold origami, involving additional geometric correlations between creases. As an illustrative example, the deformation and equilibrium configuration of origami with annular creases are studied both theoretically and numerically. Afterward, single-vertex curved origami theory is studied as a special type of multi-curve-fold origami. We find that the extra periodicity at the vertex strongly constrains the configuration space, leading to a region near the vertex that has a striking universal equilibrium configuration regardless of the mechanical properties. Both theories and numerics confirm the existence of the universality in the near-field region. In addition, the far-field deformation is obtained via energy minimization and validated by finite element analysis. Our generalized multi-curve-fold origami theory, including the vertex-contained universality, is anticipated to provide a new understanding and framework for the shape programming of the curve-fold origami system. • We extend the existing theory for single-curve-fold origami to arbitrary shapes. • We extend single-curve-fold origami theory to multi-curve-fold origami theory. • We derive the geometric mechanics theory for multi-curve-fold origami with vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Cellulose products made from recycled paper can be utilized as sound absorbing and insulation materials. Cellulose is a sound absorbing material composed of paper, and is thus environmentally friendly [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents an exhaustive study about the identification and evolution of the mineralogical hydrated phases of ternary Portland cements (TPC), containing thermally activated clay waste (paper sludge) and [...]

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to develop lightweight cement mortars with good thermal-insulation properties by incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) and paper sludge ash (PSA), both of which are [...]

ABSTRACT This research work deals with durability aspects of ternary cements containing 79 wt.% ordinary Portland cement (CEM I), 10.5 wt.% coal fly ash and 10.5 wt.% thermally activated paper [...]

• A 3D lithophilic carbon paper/current collector integrated Li metal anode (Li@LCP-Cu) is prepared by hot-pressing method, which can precisely control the Li content and thickness. • The in-situ formed lithiophilic layer on the surface of CP can exist stably and reduce the nucleation overpotential, inducing uniform and dense Li deposition. • 3D CP skeleton can reduce local current density to suppress dendrite growth and limit anode volume change. • The solid-state battery assembled with Li@LCP-Cu, PVDF-based polymer electrolyte and PEO functional layer exhibits the best electrochemical and safety performance. Safety issues induced by infinite anode volume change and uncontrolled lithium (Li) dendrite growth have become the biggest obstacle to the practical application of Li metal batteries. In addition, the traditional rolling method makes it difficult to manufacture thin Li foil with high mechanical strength and low Li content. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) lithophilic carbon paper/copper (Cu) current collector hybrid anode with ultra-low Li metal content is prepared by a hot-pressing method. The highly reversible and stable lithiophilic layer LiC x formed in situ by heating/pressing treatment provides abundant nucleation sites and reduces the Li nucleation overpotential, thereby effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth. Moreover, the volume change and pulverization problems of Li metal anode during deposition/stripping also can be accommodated by the 3D skeleton. The optimization effect has been directly confirmed by in-situ optical and ex-situ scanning electron microscope observation. Therefore, highly stable performance (158.4 mA h g−1 at 2 C after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 95.24%) in Li@LCP-Cu||NCM811 coin cell can be achieved. Furthermore, the solid-state battery assembled with the hybrid anode, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based polymer electrolyte and polyethylene oxide (PEO) interface functional layer also exhibits the best electrochemical and safety performance, which also proves that the Li@LCP-Cu anode has great potential for application in solid-state batteries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study was to develop a new building material, Wood-Crete, using sawdust, waste paper and Tradical lime. The paper presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance of [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents for the first time the influence of mixing different thermally activated paper sludges (APS) and fly ash (FA) on the pozzolanic reaction kinetics in APS-FA-Ca[(OH).sub.2] systems [...]

ABSTRACT Investigation of formaldehyde and VOCs emissions from wood-based panels are of great importance because of their negative impact on human health. In this study, a novel low formaldehyde and [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of an investigation into the potential use of recycling paper mill waste-water to replace mixing water in cement mortar systems for manufacturing concrete masonry products. [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2008.06.004 Byline: Barry D. Pressman (a), Thomas R. Hoffman (b) Keywords: Oral board examinations; American Board of Radiology; ACR white paper Abstract: The direction that the American Board of Radiology intends to follow relative to the diagnostic radiology oral board examination has risen quickly up the list of fundamental challenges for the radiology community. The formation of an ACR task force to study these changes was necessary, because this issue carries a high stake for the future of the profession and the patients we serve. After a careful review of the potential impacts, the committee discovered that consensus would be difficult to achieve relative to the merits of these changes. Accordingly, this white paper is focused objectively on the potential impacts on radiologists, practices, academic institutions, the ACR itself, and the ACR's membership. It is suggested that these concepts be used as starting points for future discussion and consideration of potential action. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California (b) Legal Department, American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2006.03.026 Byline: S.S. Chauhan, Alain Martel, Sophie D'Amour Abstract: Fine paper mills produce a variety of paper grades to satisfy demand for a large number of sheeted products. Huge reels of different paper grades are produced on a cyclical basis on paper machines. These reels are then cut into rolls of smaller size which are then either sold as such, or sheeted into finished products in converting plants. A huge number of roll sizes would be required to cut all finished products without trim loss and they cannot all be inventoried. An assortment of rolls is inventoried with the implication that the sheeting operations may yield trim loss. The selection of the assortment of roll sizes to stock and the assignment of these roll sizes to finished products have a significant impact on performances. This paper presents a model to decide the parent roll assortment and assignments to finished products based on these products demand processes, desired service levels, trim loss and inventory holding costs. Risk pooling economies made by assigning several finished products to a given roll size is a fundamental aspect of the problem. The overall model is a binary non-linear program. Two solution methods are developed: a branch and price algorithm based on column generation and a fast pricing heuristic, and a marginal cost heuristic. The two methods are tested on real data and also on randomly generated problem instances. The approach proposed was implemented by a large pulp and paper company. Author Affiliation: FOR@C Research Consortium, Network Organization Technology Research Center (CENTOR), Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy, Que., Canada G1K 7P4

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2007.01.021 Byline: June Hawkinson (a), Julie Timins (b), Dennis Angelo (c), Margaret Shaw (d), Russell Takata (e), Frances Harshaw (f) Keywords: Bone densitometry; osteoporosis; bone mineral density; single-energy x-ray absorptiometry; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; quantitative computed tomography; quantitative ultrasound; ionizing radiation; radiation dose; radiation exposure; precision testing Abstract: The Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) Task Force on Bone Densitometry (H-30) was assigned by the Healing Arts Council on Emerging Issues to address issues of bone densitometry. Issues for clarification included the practice of precision testing, in which multiple bone density determinations are performed on one patient; the use of quantitative computed tomographic (CT) densitometry; and radiation dose to patients and operators. This paper is a condensation of the white paper produced by the task force, which addresses the various methods of measuring bone density, the qualifications and responsibilities of personnel, the rationale for precision testing, and the doses patients and operators may receive. The white paper is available in its entirety on the CRCPD's Web site (http://crcpd.org). Author Affiliation: (a) Retired from Minnesota Department of Health, Minn. (b) Department of Radiology, Christ Hospital, Jersey City, NJ. (c) Department of Radiation Protection (Southwest Regional Office), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pa. (d) Minnesota Department of Health, Environmental Health and Radiation Control, St. Paul, Minn. (e) Department of Health; Noise, Radiation, and Indoor Air Quality Branch, Honolulu, Hawaii. (f) Harshaw Medical Physics Consultants, Austin, Tex.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2010.06.013 Byline: Lincoln L. Berland (a), Stuart G. Silverman (b), Richard M. Gore (c), William W. Mayo-Smith (d), Alec J. Megibow (e), Judy Yee (f), James A. Brink (g), Mark E. Baker (h), Michael P. Federle (i), W. Dennis Foley (j), Isaac R. Francis (k), Brian R. Herts (h), Gary M. Israel (g), Glenn Krinsky (l), Joel F. Platt (k), William P. Shuman (m), Andrew J. Taylor (n) Keywords: Incidental findings; incidentaloma; pancreatic cyst; renal cyst; liver lesion; adrenal nodule Abstract: As multidetector CT has come to play a more central role in medical care and as CT image quality has improved, there has been an increase in the frequency of detecting 'incidental findings,' defined as findings that are unrelated to the clinical indication for the imaging examination performed. These 'incidentalomas,' as they are also called, often confound physicians and patients with how to manage them. Although it is known that most incidental findings are likely benign and often have little or no clinical significance, the inclination to evaluate them is often driven by physician and patient unwillingness to accept uncertainty, even given the rare possibility of an important diagnosis. The evaluation and surveillance of incidental findings have also been cited as among the causes for the increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging. Indeed, incidental findings may be serious, and hence, when and how to evaluate them are unclear. The workup of incidentalomas has varied widely by physician and region, and some standardization is desirable in light of the current need to limit costs and reduce risk to patients. Subjecting a patient with an incidentaloma to unnecessary testing and treatment can result in a potentially injurious and expensive cascade of tests and procedures. With the participation of other radiologic organizations listed herein, the ACR formed the Incidental Findings Committee to derive a practical and medically appropriate approach to managing incidental findings on CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The committee has used a consensus method based on repeated reviews and revisions of this document and a collective review and interpretation of relevant literature. This white paper provides guidance developed by this committee for addressing incidental findings in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (b) Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (c) Department of Radiology, Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois (d) Department of Radiology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (e) Department of Radiology, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York (f) Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (g) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (h) Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (i) Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (j) Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (k) Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (l) Radiology Associates of Ridgewood, PA, Waldwick, New Jersey (m) Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (n) Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2010.01.018 Byline: Daniel J. Mollura (a), Ezana M. Azene (a)(b), Anna Starikovsky (a), Aduke Thelwell (c), Sarah Iosifescu (d), Cary Kimble (e), Ann Polin (f), Brian S. Garra (g)(h), Kristen K. DeStigter (g)(h), Brad Short (i), Benjamin Johnson (j), Christian Welch (j), Ivy Walker (k), David M. White (l), Mehrbod S. Javadi (b), Matthew P. Lungren (a)(m), Atif Zaheer (a)(b), Barry B. Goldberg (n), Jonathan S. Lewin (b) Keywords: Radiology; developing countries; public health; microcredit; microfinance; residency education; international global imaging; economic development; health care policy; information technology; limited-resource regions; health care disparity; radiology readiness Abstract: The RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries was an assembly of individuals and organizations interested in improving access to medical imaging services in developing countries where the availability of radiology has been inadequate for both patient care and public health programs. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss data, experiences, and models pertaining to radiology in the developing world and to evaluate potential opportunities for future collaboration. Conference participants included radiologists, technologists, faculty members of academic medical institutions, and leadership of nongovernmental organizations involved in international health care and social entrepreneurship. Four main themes from the conference are presented in this white paper as important factors for the implementation and optimization of radiology in the developing world: (1) ensuring the economic sustainability of radiologic services through financial and administrative training support of health care personnel; (2) designing, testing, and deploying clinical strategies adapted for regions with limited resources; (3) structuring and improving the role of American radiology residents interested in global health service projects; and (4) implementing information technology models to support digital imaging in the developing world. Author Affiliation: (a) RAD-AID International, Chevy Chase, Maryland (b) The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (c) Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (d) Grameen Foundation, Capital Management and Advisory Center, Washington, D.C (e) Project HOPE, Millwood, Virginia (f) Brier, Washington, D.C (g) Fletcher Allen Health Care/University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont (h) Imaging the World, Charlotte, Vermont (i) American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia (j) University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California (k) World Health Imaging, Telemedicine & Informatics Alliance, Chicago, Illinois (l) Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (m) Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (n) Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Article Note: (footnote) The RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries was funded in part by the William Gatewood Fellowship Fund, Baltimore, MD.

ABSTRACT This work deals with the frost resistance of blended cements containing calcined paper sludge (source for metakaolin) as partial Portland cement replacements. Freeze-thaw tests were performed on blended cement [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2008.06.011 Byline: Valerie P. Jackson (a), Trudie Cushing (b), Hani H. Abujudeh (c), James P. Borgstede (d), Kenneth W. Chin (e), Charles K. Grimes (f), David B. Larson (g), Paul A. Larson (h), Robert S. Pyatt (i), William T. Thorwarth (j) Keywords: Peer review; medical errors; harm score; undercalls; overcalls; misinterpretations; disagreement rates Abstract: The ACR's RADPEER.sup.acents program began in 2002; the electronic version, e-RADPEER.sup.acents, was offered in 2005. To date, more than 10,000 radiologists and more than 800 groups are participating in the program. Since the inception of RADPEER, there have been continuing discussions regarding a number of issues, including the scoring system, the subspecialty-specific subcategorization of data collected for each imaging modality, and the validation of interfacility scoring consistency. This white paper reviews the task force discussions, the literature review, and the new recommended scoring process and lexicon for RADPEER. Author Affiliation: (a) Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (b) American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia (c) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (d) University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado (e) San Fernando Valley Interventional Radiology & Imaging Center, Encino, California (f) Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine (g) The Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado (h) Radiology Associates of Fox Valley, Neenah, Wisconsin (i) Chambersburg Imaging Associates, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (j) Catawba Radiological Associates, Hickory, North Carolina

ABSTRACT Making use of industrial by-product or waste clay to partially replace cement in concrete has greatly contributed to sustainable development of environment. This study investigated the optimal activation condition [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2007.03.002 Byline: E. Stephen Amis (a), Priscilla F. Butler (b), Kimberly E. Applegate (c), Steven B. Birnbaum (d), Libby F. Brateman (e), James M. Hevezi (f), Fred A. Mettler (g), Richard L. Morin (h), Michael J. Pentecost (i), Geoffrey G. Smith (j), Keith J. Strauss (k), Robert K. Zeman (l) Keywords: Radiation dose; radiation safety; radiation risk; radiation exposure; radiations; exposure to patients and personnel Abstract: The benefits of diagnostic imaging are immense and have revolutionized the practice of medicine. The increased sophistication and clinical efficacy of imaging have resulted in its dramatic growth over the past quarter century. Although data derived from the atomic bomb survivors in Japan and other events suggest that the expanding use of imaging modalities using ionizing radiation may eventually result in an increased incidence of cancer in the exposed population, this problem can likely be minimized by preventing the inappropriate use of such imaging and by optimizing studies that are performed to obtain the best image quality with the lowest radiation dose. The ACR, which has been an advocate for radiation safety since its inception in 1924, convened the ACR Blue Ribbon Panel on Radiation Dose in Medicine to address these issues. This white paper details a proposed action plan for the college derived from the deliberations of that panel. Author Affiliation: (a) Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. (b) American College of Radiology, Reston, Va. (c) Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Ind. (d) Associated Radiologists, P.A., Nashua, NH. (e) University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Fla. (f) South Texas Radio Surgery Associates, San Antonio, Tex. (g) New Mexico Federal Regional Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM. (h) Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Fla. (i) Kaiser Permanente, Washington, DC. (j) Casper Medical Imaging, Casper, Wyo. (k) Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass. (l) George Washington University, Washington, DC.