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Examines how many companies and government agencies have identified paper as Public Enemy No. 1 in efforts to reorganize, streamline and reengineer core operations. How organizations are trying to make operations function without paper; Use of electronic data interchange (EDI); Companies getting rid of paper forms including Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co.

Discusses a digital pen and paper writing system designed by Swedish company Anoto AB. How the pen reads what it writes on special paper that transmits the information as an e-mail, fax, or mobile-phone message; How the technology works; Possible applications; Service expected to be offered through Vodaphone; Author's evaluation of using the writing system.

The article provides information on the Beyond the Zone System (BTZS) method for testing a film, film developer and paper. BTZS tests the selected paper to determine its contrast characteristics before customizing the film test data to match the said paper. The BTZS tube development procedure allows room-light processing and provides the ideal agitation and temperature control. BTZS exports film file to the computer program Expo/Dev.

This article reports on an initiative that was affected by the U.S. Agriculture Department (USDA) to switch all 50 states to an electronic processing for managing the food stamp program. One USDA official described the Food Stamp Program's electronic conversion in personal terms. The U.S. Food and Nutrition Service is the federal agency responsible for the Food Stamp program. Conversion to an all-electronic system took 20 years to complete and required cooperation from banks, grocery stores, state governments, Congress, the National Association of Clearinghouse Administrators and other groups. Representatives from public interest groups and consumer organizations speak of the electronic food stamp system as a success. Although some technology groups had hoped to see smart cards play a greater role in the program's transformation, all but two states have issued magnetic-stripe debit cards to households eligible for the program. Although USDA officials are pleased that fraud has been reduced by almost half with the new electronic system, they still have some administrative concern over the program on which 24 million people depend each month. Program participants prefer the electronic system because it serves their needs better than the old system of paper coupons.

This paper presents a mixed-signal SRAM-based in-memory computing (IMC) macro for processing binarized neural networks. The IMC macro consists of $128\times 128$ (16K) SRAM-based bitcells. Each bitcell consists of a standard 6T SRAM bitcell, an XNOR-based binary multiplier, and a pseudo-differential voltage-mode driver (i.e., an accumulator unit). Multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations between 64 pairs of inputs and weights (stored in the first 64 SRAM bitcells) are performed in 128 rows of the macro, all in parallel. A weight-stationary architecture, which minimizes off-chip memory accesses, effectively reduces energy-hungry data communications. A row-by-row analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on 32 replica bitcells and a sense amplifier reduces the ADC area overhead and compensates for nonlinearity and variation. The ADC converts the MAC result from each row to an N-bit digital output taking 2N-1 cycles per conversion by sweeping the reference level of 32 replica bitcells. The remaining 32 replica bitcells in the row are utilized for offset calibration. In addition, this paper presents a pseudo-differential voltage-mode accumulator to address issues in the current-mode or single-ended voltage-mode accumulator. A test chip including a 16Kbit SRAM IMC bitcell array is fabricated using a 65nm CMOS technology. The measured energy- and area-efficiency is 741-87TOPS/W with 1-5bit ADC at 0.5V supply and 3.97TOPS/mm2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Minho in Braga, Portugal, highlights the rich and diverse nature of European health communication. The study focuses on the international perspectives, scientific approaches, and topics within this field. The research selected four papers for publication through a comprehensive evaluation process. For more information, readers can access the European Journal of Health Communication, which features these papers. The study was conducted in collaboration with the Communication and Society Research Centre at the University of Minho. [Extracted from the article]

Discusses the benefits of using electronic forms or e-forms to businesses. Reason for using e-forms; Characteristics of an enterprise e-form for data capture and creation; Significance of developing and maintaining a good archiving and records management system.

The article reports that Allstream, a division of MTS Allstream Inc., announced the first digital pen and paper package in Canada. The package includes a ballpoint productivity pen with a built-in digital camera, "smart" paper, along with data transmission and communications hardware and software. The digital ballpoint pen uses standard ink, but is equipped with a tiny optical camera to capture handwritten text, signatures and drawings when used in conjunction with digital paper. Many vendors were involved in putting togetber the package.

The article reports that the European academic research partners VI Systems demonstrated VCSEL transmission at 107.5 Gbit/s over hundred meters of OM4 multimode fiber as post deadline paper at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC) 2016 conference.

This paper presents a cycle by cycle Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) demodulator, able to demodulate a FSK signal with 1% frequency modulation index (MI), in a single cycle. Based on the proposed demodulation scheme, a high rate data transmission link can be established through a high-Q inductive coupling link, breaking the basic tradeoff between the power transfer efficiency (PTE) and data rate in single carrier wireless power and data transfer systems. Designed and simulated with $0.18\mu m$ CMOS process, the proposed FSK demodulator, detects successfully a 5Mbps data with a carrier frequency of 5MHz. A test chip is fabricated in 180nm CMOS technology. Measurement results shows that the demodulator is able to demodulate the cycle-by-cycle modulated FSK signals with low modulation index of 2.5%, with a BER of $1.24\times 10^{-5}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the secure estimation problem for the state of charge of Lithium-ion batteries subject to malicious attacks during the data transmission from sensors to cloud-based battery management system terminal. First, the second-order resistance-capacitance equivalent circuit model, whose parameters are identified by Kalman filter in an off-line manner, is introduced to describe the internal dynamics of lithium-ion batteries. Then, by applying the $\chi ^{2}$ detection mechanism, real-time malicious attacks are first detected and then a secure estimator is designed to suppress the influence of attacks on the estimation performance. An upper bound of the filtering error covariance is determined by solving certain coupled Riccati-like equations, and the filter parameter is obtained by minimizing such an upper bound at each time step. Finally, the validity of the proposed attack detection approach and the effectiveness of the developed estimation scheme are verified by experiment results under Federal Urban Driving Schedule condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a series of multi-stage hybrid memristor-CMOS ternary combinational logic stages that are optimized for reducing silicon area occupation. Prior demonstrations of memristive logic are typically constrained to single-stage logic due to the variety of challenges that affect device performance. Noise accumulation across subsequent stages can be amortized by integrating ternary logic gates, thus enabling higher density data transmission, where more complex computation can take place within a smaller number of stages when compared to single-bit computation. We present the design of a ternary half adder, a ternary full adder, a ternary multiplier, and a ternary magnitude comparator. These designs are simulated in SPICE using the broadly accessible Knowm memristor model, and we perform experimental validation of individual stages using an in-house fabricated Si-doped HfOx memristor which exhibits low cycle-to-cycle variation, and thus contributes to robust long-term performance. We ultimately show an improvement in data density in each logic block of between $5.2\times - 17.3\times $ , which also accounts for intermediate voltage buffering to alleviate the memristive loading problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for high speed data communications (> 1Gbps) and low latency (milliseconds scale or lower) has been on the rise [1,2,3,4,5]. The chief driving forces behind the demand for high speeds & low latency are applications of 8K video, 5G/6G, smart technologies and COVID19 pandemic-induced demands. For the emerging smart medical applications, especially the ones that are in metaverse, super high data speed with low latency is a must. All-optical network (AON) is one way to meet the demand. Perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (Gi-POF) is among the best media choices offering high data speeds. Gi-POF, complementing glass optical fiber (GOF) with its better bendability, can form all optical networks with optical/optical (O/O) connections. Due to reduced usage of E/O conversions, the latency of all optical networks will potentially be reduced, too. In this paper we will examine the functions of GI-POF O/O GOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of Association for Computing Machinery proceedings and special publications. Conference Record of the 1982 ACM Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programming, which was held August 15-18 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Proceedings of the Eight Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, which was held December 14-16, 1981 in California. The "1982/83 ACM Graduate Assistantship Directory in the Computer Sciences," 15th ed, available for free to ACM student members upon request. The Proceedings of the Seventh Data Communications Symposium, which was held in Mexico City, Mexico, during October 27-29, 1981.

In this paper, the finite-time sliding mode control issue is studied for a series of semi-Markov jump systems subject to actuator faults, where an asynchronous control method is adopted to overcome the non-synchronous phenomenon between the system mode and controller mode. Additionally, the event-triggered protocol, which determines whether the transmission of data should be performed according to the threshold condition, is introduced to alleviate the burden of data transmission in the communication channel. This paper aims to devise an asynchronous event-triggered sliding mode control law so as to guarantee the trajectories of the resulting closed-loop system can be forced onto the predefined sliding surface in a finite-time interval. Thence, by means of the mode-dependent Lyapunov functions and the finite-time theory, sufficient conditions are derived to assure that the closed-loop system is mean-square finite-time bounded in both reaching and sliding motion phases. Eventually, a numerical example and a tunnel diode circuit model are presented to illustrate the availability and practicability of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale neuromorphic computing requires the multi-chip network to provide high computing power. Efficient routing schemes and on-chip router design are necessary for handling various inter-chip transmission patterns. In this paper, we propose a hybrid-mode on-chip router that supports both multicast and unicast routing for the large-scale neuromorphic simulation. Two routing schemes, namely Cache-like Spike Weight Indexing and General Unicast Flow Control, are proposed to accommodate the chip-to-chip transmission of spike and non-spike data. This work is evaluated on a neuromorphic platform built with an $8\times 8$ FPGA chips array. Running a simulation of 1M neurons at 200MHz, the proposed router achieves a processing latency of 25ns and a chip-to-chip latency of 287ns. Working in the unicast mode, the router can synchronize status flags of all chips within $5 ~\mu \text{s}$. Moreover, it reduces the peak spike traffic by 25.65% with the help of Load-aware Multicast Routing, compared with other multicast routing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, safeguarding the secure transmission of sensitive information is paramount. Traditional steganography methods, while effective at data concealment, have grown vulnerable to brute force attacks in our age of powerful computing. This paper addresses the pressing need to bolster data transmission security. To address the challenges posed by limited key space and security concerns associated with 1-D chaotic maps in data transmission, we introduce a novel 1-D chaotic map, the Multi-Parameter Chebyshev Map (MCM). The MCM boasts four control parameters, each with a broad chaotic range and high chaos level, significantly enhancing security. Furthermore, we present an innovative steganography technique for color images that leverages the MCM in conjunction with discrete moment transforms. This method chaotically embeds the secret message within the moment coefficients of a cover color image using MCM and quantization rules. The expansive chaotic range and high chaos level of the MCM substantially reinforce the security of this approach. The considered moment transforms include Tchebichef, Krawtchouk, Hahn, Charlier, Meixner, Shmaliy, Racah, and Dual-Hahn. The performance of the proposed steganography method is thoroughly evaluated and compared with other state-of-the-art methods in terms of hiding capacity and image quality in both spatial and transform domains. The quantization of moment coefficients demonstrates its superior performance. This method holds crucial implications for practical applications requiring secure communication of color images, such as military and medical contexts. The combination of MCM and moment transforms in this method presents a promising avenue for future research in the field of information hiding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents author's views on the research article "Storage-Efficient Representation of Decimal Data" by computer professionals Tien Chi Chen and Irving T. Ho related to compression of numbers stored in Binary Coded Decimal form. The research article indicates that data compression involves coding in two or three digits at a time in seven bit or ten bit fields and requires only permutations, deletions and insertions for coding and decoding. The article author says that variable length codes were rejected by Chen and Ho in their research analysis because they think it was difficult to decode, highly sensitive to errors, and have an uncertain storage requirement while variable length codes supports coding and decoding infinite number of memory. The author says that Huffman's coding system has two advantages. The first advantage is that it allows very rapid coding and decoding of the digits by using a algorithm table and the second advantage that it supersedes Chen and Ho's coding system in which a table of 6 entries rather than 128 entries for decoding and encoding.

This paper focuses on the distributed consensus seeking of multi-agent systems (MASs) with discrete-time control updating and intermittent communications among agents. Compared with existing linearly coupled protocols, a nonlinear coupled Zeno-free event-triggered controller is first proposed, which is further to project the static and dynamic triggering mechanisms exploited by using the deadband control method. Then, the node-based nonlinear coupled adaptive event-triggered controller with online self-tuning of time-varying coupling weight and its corresponding to static and dynamic deadband-based event-triggered mechanisms are designed, respectively. The exploited adaptive event-triggered controller does not rely on any global information of interaction structure and is implemented in a fully distributed fashion. In addition, two dynamic proposals not only cover existing static strategies as special cases, but also show that the minimal inter-execution time of dynamic one is not smaller than that of static one. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed static and dynamic deadband-based event-triggered mechanisms can not only ensure the average consensus with Zeno-freeness, but also achieve the data reduction of communication and control. Finally, the proposed algorithms applied to circuit implementation are corroborated to prove its practical merits and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a list of scientific meetings. 1977 Computer Users Conference, East Texas State University to be held on 25 March 1977 in Texas; 1977 Mid-Year Meeting, "The Value of Information," Syracuse University to be held on 19-21 May 1977 in Syracuse, New York; Second Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks to be held on 25-27 May 1977 in Berkeley, California; IEEE Computer Society Model Curricula Conference and Workshop, Quality Inn/Fort Magruder to be held on 6-7 June 1977 in Williamsburg, Virginia.

The article focuses on the dissemination of information through electronic mailing systems. The visibility of personal computers, individual workstations, and local networks has focused most of the attention on generating information--the processes of producing documents and disseminating them. It is now time to focus more attention on receiving information--the processes of controlling and filtering information that reaches the persons who must use it. Information is generated by processes of two broad types: document preparation and document dissemination. Electronic mail is rapidly providing faster methods of dissemination than are possible with traditional methods such as copying, mailing, and telephone. A typical electronic mail system has two components: user agent programs that create messages from user input or from files, and mail transport programs that deposit messages into local mailboxes or relay them to the mail transports on other machines. These systems maintain directories that map user names to mailbox identifiers; local directories can be merged with global directories if the host machine is part of a larger network. Many mail systems also permit users to define distribution lists so that one message can be sent to many receivers.

The article reports on the introduction of the new version of document scanning and distribution software suite by eCopy Inc. The two new products are eCopy Desktop 9.0, which enables users to mange PDF documents, and eCopy ShareScan OP 4.0, which eases the scanning of paper-based information. The suite is said to be beneficial for mortgage lenders as it speeds up the transmission of paper-based documents, thereby increasing its loan transactions.

Reports that Sigma Imaging Systems Inc. has developed in 1995 a data communications system that allows clerks to do high-volume work from their homes in the U.S. Key features of the data communications system; Analysis of pertinent topics and relevant issues; Implications for data processing and telecommuting.

The most popular tools for stream data mining are based on decision trees. In previous 15 years, all designed methods, headed by the very fast decision tree algorithm, relayed on Hoeffding’s inequality and hundreds of researchers followed this scheme. Recently, we have demonstrated that although the Hoeffding decision trees are an effective tool for dealing with stream data, they are a purely heuristic procedure; for example, classical decision trees such as ID3 or CART cannot be adopted to data stream mining using Hoeffding’s inequality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new algorithms, which are both mathematically justified and characterized by good performance. In this paper, we address this problem by developing a family of new splitting criteria for classification in stationary data streams and investigating their probabilistic properties. The new criteria, derived using appropriate statistical tools, are based on the misclassification error and the Gini index impurity measures. The general division of splitting criteria into two types is proposed. Attributes chosen based on type- $I$ splitting criteria guarantee, with high probability, the highest expected value of split measure. Type- $II$ criteria ensure that the chosen attribute is the same, with high probability, as it would be chosen based on the whole infinite data stream. Moreover, in this paper, two hybrid splitting criteria are proposed, which are the combinations of single criteria based on the misclassification error and Gini index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fully integrated galvanically isolated dc–dc converter with data communication. The converter, which is fabricated in a 0.35- \mu \textm BCD technology, is made up of only two silicon dice and adopts two 6-kV on-chip transformers. It takes advantage of a customized architecture, which uses the isolated power control link to transfer bidirectional half-duplex data, thus reducing the overall silicon area and package size. The proposed dc–dc converter delivers up to 93-mW output power with 19% maximum power efficiency and an output voltage ranging from 2.4 V to 3.3 V, while achieving a data rate up to 50 Mb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces reconfigurable nonuniform transmultiplexers (TMUXs) based on fixed uniform modulated filter banks (FBs). The TMUXs use parallel processing where polyphase components, of any user, are processed by a number of synthesis FB and analysis FB branches. One branch represents one granularity band, and any user can occupy integer multiples of a granularity band. The proposed TMUX also requires adjustable commutators so that any user occupies any portion of the frequency spectrum. The location and width of this portion can be modified without additional arithmetic complexity or filter redesign. This paper considers both cosine modulated and modified discrete Fourier transform FBs. It discusses the filter design, TMUX realization, and the parameter selection. It is shown that one can indeed decrease the arithmetic complexity by proper choice of system parameters. For the critically sampled case and if the number of channels is higher than necessary, we can reduce the arithmetic complexity. In case of an oversampled system, the arithmetic complexity can be reduced by proper choice of the number of channels and the roll-off factor of the prototype filter. The proposed TMUX is compared to existing reconfigurable TMUXs, and examples are provided for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper considers the design of digital linear-phase finite-length impulse response (FIR) filters that have adjustable bandwidth(s) whereas the phase response is fixed. For this purpose, a structure is employed in which the overall transfer function is a weighted linear combination of fixed subfilters and where the weights are directly determined by the bandwidth(s). Minimax design techniques are introduced which generate globally optimal overall filters in the minimax (Chebyshev) sense over a whole set of filter specifications. The paper also introduces a new structure for bandstop and bandpass filters with individually adjustable upper and lower band edges, and with a substantially lower arithmetic complexity compared to structures that make use of two separate adjustable-bandwidth low-pass and high-pass filters in cascade or in parallel. Design examples are included in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that multi-agent systems (MASs) are ubiquitous in natural and artificial systems. This paper aims at bridging the gap between transmission noise and sampled data for robust consensus of MASs. In detail, we have developed a theoretical framework for analyzing the robust consensus of MASs with sampled-data controllers and transmission noises. Using the delay-input and discretization approaches, we obtain two sufficient conditions on the existence of sampling periods and controller parameters for robust consensus of MASs, respectively. In particular, we deduce the estimates of the convergence speeds of consensus errors for the above two methods. Finally, numerical simulations are also given to validate our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for super high speed data communications (> 1Gbps) and low latency (milliseconds scale or lower) has been on the rise. The chief driving forces behind the demand for super high speeds & low latency are applications of 8K video, 5G/6G, smart technologies and COVID19 pandemic-induced demands. In high-level autopiloting for automotives, high-speed rail trains, drones and other similar settings, it is essential to have lightweight, robust, no-interference and especially vital to have fast-acting, low-latency and high bandwidth in data communications and controls capabilities. In this paper, functions of perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (Gi-POF) as in-vehicle LAN communication and sensor-GPU linkages, step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF) as controls and glass optical fiber (GOF) as communication backbones are examined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the finite-horizon quantized $H_{\infty }$ state estimation problem for a class of discrete time-varying genetic regulatory networks with quantization effects under stochastic communication protocols (SCPs). To better reflect the data-driven flavor of today’s biological research, the network measurements (typically gigabytes in size by high-throughput sequencing technologies) are transmitted to a remote state estimator via two independent communication networks of limited bandwidths. To lighten the communication loads and avoid undesired data collisions, the measurement outputs are quantized and then transmitted under two SCPs introduced to schedule the large-scale data transmissions. The purpose of this paper is to design a time-varying state estimator such that the error dynamics of the state estimation satisfies a prescribed $H_{\infty }$ performance requirement over a finite horizon in the presence of nonlinearities, quantization effects, and SCPs. By utilizing the completing-the-square technique, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the $H_{\infty }$ estimation performance and the parameters of the state estimator are designed by solving coupled backward recursive Riccati difference equations. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the design scheme of the proposed state estimator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, all-digital on-chip peak-to-peak (p-p) jitter measurement circuit (OCJM) that features automatic resolution calibration for high PVT-variation resilience without a reference clock and off-line calibration is presented in this paper. The OCJM uses a front-end self-referenced circuit (SRC) to eliminate the jitter-free reference signal and a back-end p-p jitter detector (PPD) to perform p-p jitter measurements. The key design of the proposed OCJM is that the SRC and the PPD share a Vernier delay line (VDL) so that the run-time PVT information automatically extracted from the SRC operation can be carried onto the PPD to achieve automatic on-line resolution calibration. Besides this feature, the OCJM uses on-chip direct p-p jitter measurement with only 1-time readouts to eliminate the huge power consumption of the off-chip data communication while avoiding data loss of a possible large jitter caused by PVT variations during off-chip data communication. These techniques make the proposed OCJM suitable for any-time, any-site jitter measurements for SoC applications. The proposed OCJM is fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS. The measurement results show that the timing resolution and minimum measurable jitter range specifications are met under extreme PVT conditions while achieving 98% clock cycle and energy reduction compared to the conventional OCJM designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-intensive applications such as image processing suffer from massive data movement between memory and processing units. The severe limitations on system performance and energy efficiency imposed by this data movement are further exacerbated with any increase in the distance the data must travel. This data transfer and its associated obstacles could be eliminated by the use of emerging non-volatile resistive memory technologies (memristors) that make it possible to both store and process data within the same memory cells. In this paper, we propose four in-memory algorithms for efficient execution of fixed point multiplication using MAGIC gates. These algorithms achieve much better latency and throughput than a previous work and significantly reduce the area cost. They can thus be feasibly implemented inside the size-limited memory arrays. We use these fixed point multiplication algorithms to efficiently perform more complex in-memory operations such as image convolution and further show how to partition large images to multiple memory arrays so as to maximize the parallelism. All the proposed algorithms are evaluated and verified using a cycle-accurate and functional simulator. Our algorithms provide on average $200\times $ better performance over state-of-the-art APIM, a processing in-memory architecture for data intensive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Galway; Ireland; Europe; Cloud Computing; Data Transmission; Electronics; Information Technology EN Galway Ireland Europe Cloud Computing Data Transmission Electronics Information Technology 489 489 1 10/24/23 20231026 NES 231026 2023 OCT 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Fresh data on Information Technology - Cloud Computing are presented in a new report. Keywords for this news article include: Galway, Ireland, Europe, Cloud Computing, Data Transmission, Electronics, Information Technology, National University of Ireland Galway. Galway, Ireland, Europe, Cloud Computing, Data Transmission, Electronics, Information Technology. [Extracted from the article]

Turbo codes are a family of near Shannon limit error correction coding schemes that usually are adopted for wireless data transmission. To reduce the power dissipation of a long-term evolution (LTE) advanced turbo decoder, in this paper, we propose a reverse calculation based low memory turbo decoder architecture by partitioning the trellis diagram and simplifying the max* operator. The designed forward state metrics calculation architecture is merged with two classical decoding schemes. Through field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware implementation, the state metrics cache (SMC) capacity is reduced by 65%, the power dissipation of the reverse calculation architecture is significantly reduced for all tested clock frequencies, and the decoding performance is not affected as compared with classical decoding schemes. The proposed reverse calculation architecture is an effective technique to achieve better decoding performance for power-constrained applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information extraction (IE) aims at extracting structured data from unstructured or semi-structured data. The thesis starts by identifying social media data and scholarly communication data as a special case of digital social trace data (DSTD). This identification allows us to utilize the graph structure of the data (e.g., user connected to a tweet, author connected to a paper, author connected to authors, etc.) for developing new information extraction tasks. The thesis focuses on information extraction from DSTD, first, using only the text data from tweets and scholarly paper abstracts, and then using the full graph structure of Twitter and scholarly communications datasets. This thesis makes three major contributions. First, new IE tasks based on DSTD representation of the data are introduced. For scholarly communication data, methods are developed to identify article and author level novelty [Mishra and Torvik, 2016] and expertise. Furthermore, interfaces for examining the extracted information are introduced. A social communication temporal graph (SCTG) is introduced for comparing different communication data like tweets tagged with sentiment, tweets about a search query, and Facebook group posts. For social media, new text classification categories are introduced, with the aim of identifying enthusiastic and supportive users, via their tweets. Additionally, the correlation between sentiment classes and Twitter meta-data in public corpora is analyzed, leading to the development of a better model for sentiment classification [Mishra and Diesner, 2018]. Second, methods are introduced for extracting information from social media and scholarly data. For scholarly data, a semi-automatic method is introduced for the construction of a large-scale taxonomy of computer science concepts. The method relies on the Wikipedia category tree. The constructed taxonomy is used for identifying key computer science phrases in scholarly papers, and tracking their evolution over time. Similarly, for social media data, machine learning models based on human-in-the-loop learning [Mishra et al., 2015], semi-supervised learning [Mishra and Diesner, 2016], and multi-task learning [Mishra, 2019] are introduced for identifying sentiment, named entities, part of speech tags, phrase chunks, and super-sense tags. The machine learning models are developed with a focus on leveraging all available data. The multi-task models presented here result in competitive performance against other methods, for most of the tasks, while reducing inference time computational costs. Finally, this thesis has resulted in the creation of multiple open source tools and public data sets (see URL below), which can be utilized by the research community. The thesis aims to act as a bridge between research questions and techniques used in DSTD from different domains. The methods and tools presented here can help advance work in the areas of social media and scholarly data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces novel linear-phase finite-impulse response (FIR) interpolation, decimation, and Mth-band filters utilizing the Farrow structure. In these new overall filters, each polyphase component (except for one term) is realized using the Farrow structure with a distinct fractional delay. The corresponding interpolation/decimation structures can therefore be implemented using only one set of linear-phase FIR subfilters and one set of multipliers that correspond to the distinct fractional delays. The main advantage of the proposed structures is that they are flexible as to the conversion factors, and this also for an arbitrary set of integer factors, including prime numbers. In particular, they can simultaneously implement several converters at a low cost The proposed filters can be used to generate both general filters and Mth-band filters for interpolation and decimation by the integer factor M. (In this paper, a general filter for interpolation and decimation by M means a filter having a bandwidth of approximately π/M without the restriction that π/M be included in the transition band. This is in contrast to an Mth-band filter whose transition band does include π/M.) In both cases, the overall filter design problem can be posed as a convex problem, the solution of which is globally optimum. Design examples are included in the paper illustrating the properties and potentials of the proposed filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a galvanically isolated dc-dc converter with multi-channel communication exploiting a single isolation transformer. The proposed architecture makes compliant both regulated output power and data transmission on the same isolation physical link by using ASK modulation of the power signal and data/control signal multiplexing. The dc-dc converter consists of two integrated chips fabricated in 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ BCD and 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technologies, respectively, along with a thick polyimide transformer chip able to comply with reinforced isolation requirements. The dc-dc converter delivers an isolated output power up to 50 mW at 3.3-V output voltage, while providing three data channels with a data rate up to 10 Mb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the global $H_\infty $ pinning synchronization problem for a class of complex networks with aperiodic samplings. Combined with the Writinger-based integral inequality, a new less conservative criterion is presented to guarantee the global pinning synchronization of the complex network. Furthermore, a novel condition is proposed under which the complex network is globally pinning synchronized with a given $H_\infty $ performance index. It is shown that the $H_\infty $ performance index $\gamma $ has a positive correlation with the upper bound of the sampling intervals. Finally, the validity and the advantage of the theoretic results obtained are verified by means of the applications in Chua’s circuit and pendulum. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we extend the stability theory on Kalman filtering with intermittent measurements from the scenario of one single sensor to the one of multiple sensors. Consider that a group of sensors take measurement of the states of a process and then send the data to a remote estimator. The estimator receives the measurements intermittently, which may be caused by the fact that the channels have packet dropouts or that the sensors schedule the data transmission stochastically. Based on the received measurements, the estimator computes the estimates of the process states by multi-sensor Kalman filtering. Because of the intermittent measurements, the estimator may be unstable. This stability issue is mainly investigated in this paper. A notion of transmission capacity, which is related to the communication rates of sensors, is proposed. It is shown that the expected estimation error covariance diverges for all feasible communication rates collections of the sensors when the transmission capacity is below a certain value; meanwhile, when the transmission capacity is above another certain value, there exists a feasible communication rates collection such that the expected estimation error covariance is bounded. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the use of transformer-coupled (TC) technique for the 2:1 MUX and the 1:2 DEMUX to serialize-and-deserialize (SerDes) high-speed data sequence. The widely used current-mode logic (CML) designs of latch and multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) are replaced by the proposed TC approach to allow the more headroom and to lower the power consumption. Through the stacked transformer, the input clock pulls down the differential source voltage of the TC latch and the TC multiplexer core while alternating between the two-phase operations. With the enhanced drain-source voltage, the TC design attracts more drain current with less width-to-length ratio of NMOS than that of the CML counterpart. The source-offset voltage is decreased so that the supply voltage can be reduced. The lower supply voltage improves the power consumption and facilitates the integration with low voltage supply SerDes interface. The MUX and the DEMUX chips are fabricated in 65-nm standard CMOS process and operate at 0.7-V supply voltage. The chips are measured up to 40-Gb/s with sub-hundred milliwatts power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes highly reliable coding methods for applications in two extreme conditions. n-out-of-8 level cell (nLC) is proposed for archival applications which require significantly long data-retention time with small write/erase cycle. On the other hand, for applications with large write/erase cycle and short data-retention time (enterprise application, etc.), universal asymmetric coding (UAC) is proposed. nLC reduces the number of memory states to improve the reliability with low cost overhead. In 7LC, the bit-error rate (BER) reduction will be 79% after 1k-year data retention while seven memory states are efficiently used out of eight states. By considering nLC with error-correcting codes (ECCs), the optimum number of cell levels (n) can be determined to minimize the bit-cost with given acceptable data-retention time. In UAC, the coding method is changed according to the write/erase cycle and data-retention time to keep the BER low. As a result, BER is reduced by 52% at maximum, compared with the original random pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a wireless power and downlink data transfer system for medical implants operating over a single $10~MHz$ inductive link. The system is based on a Carrier Width Modulation (CWM) scheme for high-speed communication and efficient power delivery using a novel modulator circuit design. Unlike conventional modulation techniques, the data rate of the proposed CWM is not limited by the quality factors of the primary and secondary coils. The functionality of the new modulation method is proven using a hybrid implementation comprising a custom-integrated demodulator circuit and board-level discrete components. The proposed Wireless Power and Data Transfer (WPDT) system is also capable of operating under a wide range of data rates. It allows a maximum data rate of $3.33~Mb/s$ for a maximum power delivery of $6.1~mW$ at $1~cm$ coils separation distance. The system can recover more power, reaching $55~mW$ at $100~kb/s$. Due to the system genericity, an operator can select the best compromise between power and data rates in accordance to application or current need, without reconfiguring the receiver. Another advantage of this modulation technique is the simple implementation and the ultra-low power consumption of the CWM demodulator despite its high-speed demodulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies learning control to repetitive systems over fading channels at both output and input sides to improve tracking performance without applying restrictive fading conditions. Both multiplicative and additive randomness of the fading channel are addressed, and the effects of fading communication on the data are carefully analyzed. A decreasing gain sequence and a moving-average operator are introduced to modify the generic learning control algorithm to reduce the fading effect and improve control system performance. Results reveal that the tracking error converges to zero in the mean-square sense as the iteration number increases. Illustrative simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) problem is investigated for a class of general nonlinear systems with stochastic uncertainties under communication protocols. A modified unscented transformation is put forward to account for stochastic uncertainties caused by modeling errors. For preventing data collisions and mitigating communication burden, the round-robin protocol and the weighted try-once-discard protocol are, respectively, introduced to regulate the data transmission order from sensors to the filter. Then, by employing two kinds of data-holding strategies (i.e., zero-order holder and zero input) for those nodes without transmission privilege, two novel protocol-based measurement models are formulated. Subsequently, by resorting to the sigma point approximation method, two resource-saving UKF algorithms are developed, where the impact from the underlying protocols on the filter design is explicitly quantified. Finally, compared with the protocol-based extended Kalman filtering algorithms, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol-based UKF algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the attack-resilient event-triggered controller design problem of a DC microgrid with multiple nonlinear constant power loads and intermittent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. First, for a resource efficiency purpose, an event-triggering communication scheme is delicately devised in such a way to only invoke the data transmission over the communication line when the DoS attack is inactive. Second, via characterizing the DoS active and inactive time intervals, a new switching piecewise system model for the nonlinear DC microgrid system is presented. Third, a numerically efficient design criterion on the existence of the desired attack-resilient event-triggered controller is established. It is further shown that various performance indices including resource efficiency, attack resilience, robustness against disturbance, sampling performance of the DC microgrid system can be evaluated in a unified framework. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design method for the DC microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of fault estimation for cyber–physical systems (CPSs) with intermittent measurement transmissions. A novel hybrid observer-based fault estimation scheme is proposed to generate estimations of the system state and the fault. Specifically, the correction terms of the designed observer are updated while new output measurements are available. Moreover, the estimation performance of the designed observer is analyzed within a framework of hybrid systems, and sufficient conditions are established to guarantee exponential input-to-state stability with a prescribed convergence rate based on the elaborately constructed Lyapunov function candidate. In contrast to the existing estimation schemes, the requirements of continuous or periodical communication are eliminated, and therefore the proposed one is more applicable for the modern industrial systems integrated with data communication networks. Finally, the application to an aircraft model is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed methods. • Compared with the existing fault estimation schemes depending upon continuous measurements, the proposed one is developed based on the sporadic measurements, and therefore more applicable for CPSs integrated with data communication networks. • Inspired by considerations from the efficient utilization of available resources, an intermediate variable and two output error correction terms updated while new measurements get available are incorporated with the designed observer. Specifically, by employing the elaborately constructed Lyapunov function candidate, it is proved that the estimation error system is exponentially input-to-state stable with a prescribed convergence rate. • The estimation performance of the designed observer is analyzed within a framework of hybrid systems, which reveals the intermittent innovation properties triggered by the arrived measurements and helps to construct computationally tractable observer synthesis conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the containment control problem for multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) systems with data transmission among agents during a limited-bandwidth network. A good deal of data transmitted during a limited-bandwidth network may result in data collision, which brings negative effects on controller design and containment tracking implementation. To reduce the network load during data transmission, a consensus condition and a triggering subsidiary condition are first proposed to realize the containment tracking with H ∞ performance by using the triggered states. Then a self-triggered scheme is established under a multi-agent framework, in which the next triggering instant is calculated beforehand by using the past states. Combined with the self-triggered scheme, a containment controller is obtained via solving the derived consensus condition, which ensures that follower UAVs are driven into a convex set surrounded by leader UAVs. Finally, the validity of the self-triggered containment control method is proved through a simulation experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cyber–physical systems (CPSs), secure estimation observes the states of a physical plant remotely with potentially attacked data. Most attacks in CPSs are carefully designed such that they can not only ruin the estimation but also bypass the detector. These attacked estimations would corrupt decision-making and control, leading to decreased production efficiency and even equipment damage. Therefore, detecting these attacks is of great importance. It is noted that one of the reasons that these attacks can be successfully launched is that attackers can inject arbitrary false data into the communication channel at any time step, which makes it possible that the transmission data is tampered with by any designed attack sequences. In this paper, a modified data transmission mechanism is deployed to limit the attacker's ability, and attack detectors are designed for detecting tampering attacks. Specifically, first of all, a one-bit event-triggered mechanism is deployed to binarize the transmitted data. Secondly, a primary detector is deployed to detect non-binary data received by the observer, and hence the attacker's ability is greatly reduced. Thirdly, a main detector is designed, which definitely detects tampering attacks that can bypass the primary detector.The necessary and sufficient conditions for definite attack detection are given, with which the gain of interval observable and the threshold of the event-trigger mechanism are designed. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the dynamic output-feedback control for networked control systems (NCSs). The data transmissions in the sensor-to-controller and the controller-to-actuator channels are generated by the dynamic periodic event-triggering mechanism. Due to the existence of time-varying delays in the two channels, the updated data is received after a time delay. To cope with this problem, a hybrid dynamical framework of the NCSs is established. With the help of Lyapunov function-based approach, a new event-triggering condition is designed and sufficient conditions on input-to-state stability are derived. By introducing an auxiliary function, the obtained sufficient conditions are transformed into linear matrix inequalities and the explicit forms of the dynamic output-feedback controller gains are provided. Moreover, the upper bounds on the maximum allowable transfer intervals and the maximum allowable delays are derived. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]